BONUS | The Daily Routine That Built Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius’ life looked nothing like ours, but the habits that kept him grounded still work today. In this episode, Ryan breaks down the daily practices Marcus used to stay focused, disciplined, humble, and present, and how you can apply them to your own life. 🎟️ DAILY STOIC LIVE https://www.dailystoiclive.com/| Ryan Holiday is coming to a city near you https://www.dailystoiclive.com/! Grab tickets here https://www.dailystoiclive.com/ | https://www.dailystoiclive.com/ 🎙️ AD-FREE https://dailystoic.supercast.com/| Support the podcast and go deeper into Stoicism by subscribing to The Daily Stoic Premium https://dailystoic.supercast.com/ - unlock ad-free listening, early access, and bonus content: https://dailystoic.supercast.com/ https://dailystoic.supercast.com/ ✉️ FREE STOIC WISDOM https://dailystoic.com/dailyemail | Want Stoic wisdom delivered to your inbox daily? Sign up for the FREE Daily Stoic email at https://dailystoic.com/dailyemail https://dailystoic.com/dailyemail See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:00Ryan Holiday?

  Welcome to the Daily Stoic Podcast, designed to help bring those four key Stoic virtues, courage, discipline, justice, and wisdom into the real world.

• 0:15Ryan Holiday?

  2,000 years ago, Marcus Aurelius is the most powerful man on earth. He controls an empire of tens of millions of square miles, controls the lives of tens of millions of people. He controls the most powerful army on earth. He has the power of life and death over other people. He could have done whatever he wanted. He could have retreated to pleasure and indolence. He could have easily descended into insanity from stress and overwork. Yet he manages, as one biographer would say, to prove himself worthy of all the responsibility and power placed upon him. He manages, I think, just as impressively, to manage it. He isn't corrupted by it. He doesn't break under the stress by it. He acquits himself well. So what's his secret?

• 1:00Ryan Holiday?

  What does the life of this guy look like? How does Marcus Aurelius manage his day? Well, because of Marcus Aurelius's meditations, his, the private thoughts of this totally unique singular man, we have some idea. And that's what I want to talk about today. The daily routine of Marcus Aurelius, the philosopher king. Like all people, it starts with the morning for Marcus Aurelius. We know that Marcus Aurelius wakes up early. We know this because he talks in meditations about struggling with this, right? He's a morning person, but not by nature. He's a morning person by habit. At dawn, when you have trouble getting out of bed, he says, "Tell yourself, I have to go to work as a human being. Is this what I was created for? To huddle under the blankets and stay warm?

• 1:45Ryan Holiday?

  It's nice here." And he says, "But are you made to feel nice?" No. Marcus Aurelius attacks the dawn. He gets up, he gets after it, as I think most productive, successful people do. You start the day with a conscious choice, a choice to do the thing that isn't easy, but starts the day off right. And we can imagine he is doing some of his meditative work, his study of philosophy, his writing, his journaling, there in the morning, before he was besieged by inquiries, people who wanted favors, before the bad news had been delivered, before he had to get up and travel, before the battle begun. He was carving out a little time for stillness and reflection.

• 2:27Ryan Holiday?

  What he's not doing is the equivalent of what so many of us do in the morning, which is we go straight to this thing. Before our feet hit the floor, we're sucked into the phone, we're sucked into the to-do list. We're not cultivating that Stoic state of ataraxia, of freedom from disturbance. We're not being reflective. We're not being intentional. We're just putting out fires from the minute we wake up. And it's very clear that Marcus Aurelius is using this little bit of time in the morning to be in a meditative, philosophical, intentional state. This is how he opens Book Two of Meditations. Again, he's talking about the morning here. He says, "When you wake up in the morning, tell yourself the people I deal with today will be meddling, ungrateful, arrogant, dishonest, jealous, and sorely."

• 3:12Ryan Holiday?

  He's not saying, "Hey, the day sucks." He's trying to think, "Who are the kind of people that I'm going to meet today? What are they going to be like?" And then he's saying, "Look, how can I be patient? How can I be understanding? How can I deal with this? How can I anticipate this?" This is one of the Stoic ideas. Seneca says that the unexpected blow lands heaviest. "If you expect everyone to be wonderful and awesome, if you expect to get nothing but green lights all day, you're going to be sorely disappointed." Marcus is instead trying to anticipate, do this idea of premeditatio malorum. And then you know what he says in this passage? He says, "Look, why are they like this? And what is my job in relation to them?" He's saying, "Don't lose your temper with them. Don't write them off. Try to find the good in them." So Marcus is trying to anticipate how the day is going to go and set himself up for success. But because Marcus Aurelius does have a difficult job,

• 3:56Ryan Holiday?

  because there is immense amounts of responsibility on them, he has to get to work. That's what he's doing in that passage. He said, "Get up, get after it. What were you put here to do?" He tells himself throughout meditations, "Concentrate on your tasks like a Roman." He points out the example of Antoninus, his predecessor and beloved stepfather, about how Antoninus planned out his day, how he even planned out his bathroom break so he wasn't wasting time. He tried to show up, and when he was at work, to be at work. He didn't complain about this. This is another thing Marcus Aurelius talks about. He says, "Never be overheard complaining at court, not even to yourself." "What do I have to do today? What are my responsibilities? What are my jobs? Let's do them." And for Marcus, this would have been making decisions throughout the day. This would have been hearing cases.

• 4:40Ryan Holiday?

  This would have been speaking to crowds. This would have been travel. This would have, in some cases, been leading troops into battle. But all the while, he's having to be focused. He says, "Get used to winnowing your thoughts." He says, "If somebody asks you what you're thinking about, you should be able to answer." Saying, "Don't let your mind wander. Don't get distracted. Focus on what you're doing." He's talking about what Cal Newport would call "deep work", the ability to focus on the task in front of you, to actually do it. Again, not to be distracted by this thing or all the other things that you could be doing, to lock on to the task in front of you. That is a key part of Marcus Aurelius's work style, his philosophical beliefs, and his daily routine.

• 5:23Ryan Holiday?

  You can imagine that Marcus is sucked into meetings. He's meeting with advisors and ministers and ambassadors. He's getting briefed on strategy. One of the things he says he learns from Antoninus is, is when to yield the floor to experts, how to listen to other people's opinions, how to take in feedback and criticism. He says, "When somebody corrects me, when they tell me that I've been wrong, that I'm wrong, he's like, 'They're not harming me. They're doing me a favor.'" He says, "The harm is to remain in error, to not correct it." So there would have just been a lot coming at him. His job would have been stressful. It would have been exhausting. It would have weighed on him. But he tried to approach it with the right mindset, and he tried to keep it contained. This is, I think, an important part because there has to be balance. We work very hard.

• 6:08Ryan Holiday?

  We throw ourselves at what we have to do. But if we're all about business, that's one of the things Marcus says in Meditations, is remind yourself not to be all about business. And we know that Marcus was not all about business. We know that he was active in physical exercise. We know that he enjoyed boxing and wrestling and hunting and horseback riding. We know that he would take walks. We see all these fascinating observations in meditations about nature. He's walking through the fields, like that scene in Gladiator, where he's dragging the hand. There's a passage in Meditations about grain bending low under its weight. He talks about the flecks of foam on a boar's mouth, the brow of the lion. He's getting outside, he's enjoying nature. The Stoics said that the whole world is a temple of the gods.

• 6:53Ryan Holiday?

  Marcus Aurelius is going out there and having this spiritual experience. A hobby he was not into, that many Romans shared, was the carnage of the Colosseum. We know Marcus didn't like this. He liked getting away from his imperial duties, but he hated the violence of it. He hated the pointlessness of it. And so it's funny, he was often seen doing his philosophical work or reading papers or thinking. He was there, he had to be there. But mentally, he was somewhere else because he wanted peace and relaxation. He says, "Look, it doesn't matter where you are." He says, "People long to get away from it all." They want to travel. They want to just leave all their work behind. He says, "But you can retreat inwards to your own soul at any moment." And that's what Marcus was doing there at the Colosseum.

• 7:38Ryan Holiday?

  It didn't matter how horrifying and violent and gory and loud what was going on on the floor was. He was reading Euripides. He was reading Aeschylus. He was reading the Odyssey. He was reading Cleanthes, or Zeno, or Epictetus. He was studying philosophy. He was getting out of the dustiness of Rome, getting somewhere clean and better. And he probably visited the baths every day. He talks about washing off the dirt of earthly life. And I think he means this figuratively and literally. The Romans, one of the things, big part of Roman culture, was the gymnasia and then the baths. So you'd work out, and then the cold plunge or a hot bath.

• 8:22Ryan Holiday?

  And if you visit a quidincum, which is a little Roman camp outside Budapest, where Marcus Aurelius probably wrote some of Meditations, you can actually go in one of the hot springs that Marcus probably visited. So Marcus isn't all about business. He does find relaxation and pleasure. He is washing off the dirt and dustiness of life so he can get back to what he needs to do. And look, Marcus's imperial duties would have been overwhelming to even the strongest of people. In Marcus Aurelius's reign, there's a series of historic floods. There's a devastating plague, the Antonine Plague. There's wars, there's an invasion, there's coups. He has health issues. He has family issues.

• 9:04Ryan Holiday?

  One ancient historian said, "Marcus doesn't have the good fortune that he deserves. His whole reign is involved in a series of trouble." The stress would have been unimaginable. The difficulty would have been overwhelming. There must have been moments where Marcus Aurelius fell to his knees and he said, "Look, I just can't do it." But first off, he believed he had to do it. It was his responsibility. People were counting on him. And also, he realized he had to have helpful coping mechanisms to deal with this stress. That's part of what his journaling practices. That's what Stoicism was helping him with. Amidst all of this difficulty and stress, what he's trying to do is stay calm, stay centered, to avoid anger and destructive emotions, to not be reactive, but to be intentional. And the idea of the obstacle is the way comes from this. He's dealing with difficult people.

• 9:48Ryan Holiday?

  He's dealing with difficult situations. He's dealing with things that are, that are bad news. But he's trying to see it all as an opportunity to practice virtue. Famously, when Marcus is betrayed by Avidius Cassius, his most trusted general- He doesn't immediately react. He steps back. He doesn't say anything. He's just trying to think about it. He doesn't want to be emotional. He doesn't want to let his personal feelings into the mix. And then he comes back and he says, look, look, this is a chance for us to show, he says, to show the Romans and to show the future, how a country can deal with civil strife. He tried to do what he talks about in Meditations, where he says, the best revenge is to not be like that. He wanted not to overreact. He wanted not to be broken by it. He wanted to use it as an opportunity, always. Everything

• 10:30Ryan Holiday?

  was an opportunity to Marcus, big and little. Every, the little experiences he had throughout the day, the big experiences throughout the day, was always an opportunity to respond with erite and virtue and decency. As we said, Marcus Sereas isn't all about business. When he's not doing his hobbies, he's not getting out there, getting active, you know, strong mind and a strong body. He is focusing on reading and writing, which he saw as an essential part of his job in every facet. We have the letters that he writes to his mentor and teacher, Cornelius Fronto. He's still writing these lovely letters well into his reign. He's debating philosophical things with his teacher, Risticus. And we know that Marcus read a lot, both as a kid and as an adult, because his writings is full of these

• 11:13Ryan Holiday?

  references that he's making from memory to the plays of Euripides. He's directly quoting Epictetus and Chrysippus, Zeno, and all these other thinkers, because they're right there on top of mind. He's reading and rereading. He's lingering on the works of the master of thinkers, as Seneca said. What he had learned from his teacher, Risticus, he said, is to never be satisfied just giving the gist of things. So when Marcus Sereas reads, he's diligent about it. He's focused about it. He's taking notes. He's processing. He's looking things up. He's not this casual reader. He's not just reading for fun or reading for status. He's reading to learn and to get better. And I would imagine that this reading routine was probably part of his evening routine, right? Seneca would talk about a ritual he had that, at the end of the day, he would put himself up for review.

• 11:56Ryan Holiday?

  I think in The Midnight Dimness, as one of Marcus Sereas's biographers would say, he was putting himself up for review. That's what Meditations is. Marcus Sereas's interrogation of himself, his review of himself, what he could do better, how he could do better, holding him accountable. What went right? What went wrong? Where can he improve? Because, look, there's not a lot of people that can do that for Marcus. He doesn't have a boss. The judgment of history is far off. He's trying to remind himself what's important. He has to be the final bit of accountability. Philosophy was the final bit of accountability. He says, fight to be the person philosophy tried to make you. That's what he was doing throughout the day, but it's in the evening with the journal and the reading and the thinking and the quiet time that the lessons are being learned there. And we can imagine

• 12:38Ryan Holiday?

  that not a day goes by, certainly not an evening that goes by, that Marcus Sereas doesn't do the Stoic practice of memento mori. You could leave life right now, Marcus Sereas says, let that determine what you do and say and think. Marcus Sereas tried to spend lots of time with his family. He writes in one of his letters to Fronto how he would trade all of it to just have more time with his wife. He says, as you tuck your children in at night, say to yourself, they will not make it to the morning. And this wasn't morbid. He wasn't like trying to practice his monkish detachment from the people that he loved. He was trying to say, why are you rushing through this? Why are you not soaking this in? Why are you not being present for it? And this practice of memento mori is an essential part of the Stoic daily routine. And we can imagine not

• 13:19Ryan Holiday?

  a single day in Marcus Sereas's life going by without it. And we can imagine part of Marcus's daily routine, you know, he just spent the whole day being celebrated, being clapped for, being told how important and powerful he was. People were saluting. Thousands of soldiers appeared before him. Kings of other nations, you know, gave him gifts. He tried to actively remind himself that he wasn't that important, that posthumous fame was worthless. He tried to stay humble with it. He says, be careful not to be Caesarified, right? Not to be stained purple. He would look out at the fancy feasts or the honors or the jewelry they put on him. And he would say, look at, look at this. This is a dead pig. This is a rock pulled out of a mine. This is a silly medal. He's trying to not

• 14:00Ryan Holiday?

  be changed or transformed or made to feel better than as a result of this very unusual, strange, surreal existence that he had. And each of us should have some version of this practice in our own life, too, because success can, can go to your head, because busyness can make you feel important. Being at the center of things can make you feel like you're the center of the universe, but you're not, right? And part of the philosophical practice is to zoom out. Marcus Sereas talks about looking at things from above. Look at this army, not how powerful it is up close, but how it resembles ants from far away. He's trying to get perspective always. I think this is a key part of Marcus Sereas's routine. And I imagine that throughout the day, but especially at night, as he's just thinking

• 14:42Ryan Holiday?

  about how he just spent these last few hours. Marcus Sereas is asking this question we see in Meditations. He says, whenever you are afraid of death, whenever you want to live forever, he says, ask yourself, am I afraid of death because I won't be able to do this anymore? We so value our time, but he was talking about how frivolously we spend it, right? We waste it on things. We act as if we have forever, but we don't. The Stoics knew that death wasn't a thing that was happening in the future, but the death was happening now, dying every minute, dying every day. Marcus Sereas would have seen the passage of each day per Stoic philosophy as a kind of death. So at the end of the day, he's asking himself, what do I have to show for the hours that I just spent? And if this was the last day of my life, he's trying to imagine going to bed and not waking up. If I wake up in the morning, I get a second chance tomorrow. How am I going to

• 15:26Ryan Holiday?

  do better? How am I going to grow? What am I going to learn? How am I not going to take that time for granted? A day in the life of Marcus Sereas. On the one hand, his life, his experience should be totally unrelatable to us, unimaginable, unfathomable to us. The most powerful man in the world, 2,000 years ago, speaking languages we don't speak anymore, living in ways we would never live anymore. And yet, as we see in Meditations, as we see in his routine, he was like us. The past is a foreign country, and yet, human beings are human beings are human beings. And the more things change, the more they stay the same. And from Marcus Sereas, we can see so many great habits and practices that we should apply in our own life. And circling back here, after these meditations, after all this thinking, is he's got to get to bed, right? It's easy to talk about waking

• 16:10Ryan Holiday?

  up early, but if you're not protecting your sleep, if you don't have discipline before bed, again, if you're scrolling this phone thing until three in the morning and then trying to get up with the dawn, you're going to have trouble. And we know Marcus Sereas was a bit of an insomniac. Probably the stress and the health issues kept him up. But he tried to get to bed. He tried to take care of himself. And you have to do that also.