StarTalk Live! A Night at the Neptune Theatre (Part 1)

Wil Wheaton, famous for his role as Wesley Crusher on Star Trek: The Next Generation, joins StarTalk Live at the Neptune Theatre in Seattle.

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:01Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Welcome to StarTalk. Your place in the universe where science and pop culture collide. StarTalk begins right now.

• 0:22Speaker 01

  Hello, Seattle.

• 0:27Speaker 01

  Welcome to a very fun thing. It is my great pleasure to bring out the incredible Neil Tyson.

• 0:41Speaker 01

  Ladies and gentlemen, we have some other wonderful guests. I'd like to bring out Paul F. Tompkins.

• 0:51Speaker 01

  Kristen Schaal.

• 0:58Speaker 01

  We have one more seat. Let's try to fill it with somebody.

• 1:00Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Join me in giving a warm Seattle welcome for the one, the only, Wil Wheaton from StarTalk.

• 1:17Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, the subject of this evening will be the geek mecca. And we're just trying to understand the geekiverse. Here we are in Seattle, home of Microsoft, the head of which is the patron saint of all geeks, Bill Gates. And I have a quick Bill Gates story, if I may.

• 1:37Speaker 02

  Is he here tonight? You better check.

• 1:39Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Where is he? Is he in a special box? I'm betting not. I did this calculation, if you want to know how rich Bill Gates is. And I asked myself, what is the smallest denomination coin I'll bend over and pick up in the street? That's a measure of your wealth, right? I think. So, I make enough money, I'm not picking up the pennies or nickels anymore.

• 2:00Speaker 02

  It's a measure of your wealth or your superstition.

• 2:03Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay.

• 2:03Speaker 03

  See, if you're a child of the 80s, you pick up a quarter every time you see it because video games.

• 2:08Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, not only that, a quarter is like for laundry and for like car parking meters.

• 2:12Speaker 01

  I pick up socks if I think no one's worn them.

• 2:15Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, I pick up quarters. Sometimes I don't pick up dimes if I'm in a hurry. So I'm in between a dime and a quarter. So now you ratio that of my income to what that might be for Bill Gates. It's forty-five thousand dollars. So if he finds forty-five thousand dollars in the street, "Oh, too busy. Gotta walk past it, make decisions at Microsoft."

• 2:40Speaker 03

  So I'm gonna do a Kickstarter and it's just for, to fund me following Bill Gates around to pick up the money he leaves on the ground.

• 2:50Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  What if it's all in ones, so it looks like way more money? Yeah, that's... I don't know if he's got Rain Man-like abilities where he can instantly count a pile of bills on the street. He probably has some kinda talent such as that. So, I got one of the geek saints right here to my right. You took some seriously geek roles in a lot of TV programs.

• 3:14Speaker 03

  I was an enormous Star Trek fan before I was cast in Next Generation.

• 3:20Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  As Wellesley Crusher.

• 3:21Speaker 03

  Yeah, you know what, I'm actually, I'm so much of a Star Trek fan... That's where I know you from! Oh! This was killing me! Now, aren't you glad that I didn't just tell you? Cause I would've robbed you from the joy of that discovery.

• 3:35Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  I appreciate that, thank you.

• 3:36Speaker 03

  You're welcome.

• 3:36Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Thank you.

• 3:37Speaker 01

  I remembered toy soldiers and then it's sort of blank after.

• 3:40Speaker 03

  Yeah. You in the entertainment industry until about 2006.

• 3:45Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So Wellesley Crusher in Star Trek: The Next Generation, TNG if you're in the circle.

• 3:50Speaker 03

  Right. If you're very busy, you don't have time to say things like "The Next Generation." I'm such a big Star Trek fan that I noticed that your sideburns are actually pointy.

• 3:57Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  He noticed! He noticed! I used to have 1970's mutton chop sideburns. They were in style at the time, okay? And then I, I had transitioned and I said my homage to Star Trek was to do the pointy... So, he knows, first person to ever notice that is right here to my right.

• 4:17Speaker 03

  Achievement unlocked!

• 4:22Speaker 03

  So, when I was a kid and I was working on Star Trek, LeVar Burton and I were the only two original Next Gen cast members who were very proud, out-of-the-closet Star Trek fans. Nobody else really knew the show like we did. I did things like, when I was flying the spaceship, you know, like you do. It was... The buttons that we had didn't really do anything. It's...

• 4:43Speaker 02

  What?

• 4:44Speaker 03

  Yeah, I know, well...

• 4:45Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Really?

• 4:45Speaker 03

  But I invented a series of buttons, and this particular series made the ship go to warp speed. This particular series of buttons put us into standard orbit. Nobody knew it, nobody cared about it, but it was very important to me.

• 4:59Speaker 02

  Well, it probably showed in your face.

• 5:02Speaker 03

  Maybe.

• 5:03Speaker 02

  Like, you're acting.

• 5:03Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 5:04Speaker 01

  The Robert De Niro of space shuttle button pushing.

• 5:07Speaker 03

  Yeah. I wrote a book about it, that nobody wanted to buy.

• 5:14Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  What's it, Memories of the Future?

• 5:17Speaker 03

  Memories of the Future, Volume One, is a book that I wrote.

• 5:19Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Wait, is there a Volume Two?

• 5:21Speaker 03

  The Volume Two is in the works. I was writing Volume Two, and then I started working all the time as an actor on The Big Bang Theory, and Eureka, and Leverage.

• 5:31Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Totally cool. We have that in common. I had a cameo on The Big Bang Theory.

• 5:35Speaker 03

  I know that you did.

• 5:36Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  You know that.

• 5:36Speaker 03

  They talk about you on the set. I was just there last week.

• 5:40Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  In another, in another episode.

• 5:41Speaker 03

  In another episode. It'll air in, like, two or three weeks.

• 5:43Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  I played myself.

• 5:45Speaker 03

  So do I!

• 5:48Speaker 03

  How evil are you?

• 5:49Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Except, you play a real dick on the show.

• 5:53Speaker 03

  I do.

• 5:54Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And isn't it, like, the Wil Wheaton...

• 5:57Speaker 03

  It's Wheaton's Law.

• 5:58Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Wheaton's Law, "Don't be a dick"?

• 5:59Speaker 03

  It is.

• 6:00Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, so...

• 6:01Speaker 03

  However, in the universe of The Big Bang Theory, Wil Wheaton is evil.

• 6:07Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Oh, so it's your evil other person?

• 6:09Speaker 03

  Yes.

• 6:10Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Oh.

• 6:11Speaker 03

  We look exactly the same. We sound exactly the same.

• 6:14Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  You're just the evil one.

• 6:16Speaker 03

  Only, he is the evil twin.

• 6:17Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Now, here's the problem. I'm not an actor, so I had to give them, have them give me lines that I would've spoken at some time in my life.

• 6:25Speaker 03

  Oh, so you got to say all the crazy techno-babble physics stuff that kicked my ass when I was doing Star Trek?

• 6:30Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  No, no, it was simpler than that. I said, I was kinda deep in the Pluto situation.

• 6:35Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 6:35Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, any sentence that had Pluto in it, I'm good for it. So I got into a kerfuffle with Sheldon about Pluto. Cause he still wanted Pluto to be a planet, and I just, you know, it's not happening here.

• 6:47Speaker 03

  The Pluto situation sounds to me like the title of like a segment in a Tarantino film.

• 6:55Speaker 03

  Did you?

• 6:55Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Here we go. Wait, wait, wait. We're in the Neptune Theater?

• 6:58Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 6:58Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  May I? So...

• 7:01Speaker 03

  This theater actually spins the other way, right?

• 7:04Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, first of all, Pluto is so misbehaved, it crosses the orbit of Neptune. In such a way that between 1979 and 1999, Pluto was closer to the sun than Neptune was. That's just no kind of behavior for a planet. Second, if Neptune were a Chevy Impala?

• 7:26Speaker 03

  Not this analogy again. I am really liking where this is going.

• 7:31Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, if Neptune is a Chevy Impala, Pluto is to Neptune as what car is to a Chevy Impala? Like, would it be like a Mini Cooper? Would it be, what's that little itty bitty?

• 7:41Speaker 03

  Like a Smart car?

• 7:42Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  The Smart car? Nooo. Neptune is to Pluto as a Chevy Impala is to a Matchbox car sitting on the curb. Now that's just embarrassing. That's all.

• 7:54Speaker 03

  No, that's just embarrassing, that analogy I made up.

• 8:01Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, I said, Will.

• 8:01Speaker 03

  I am embarrassed for the thing that turned out not so good, in my estimation.

• 8:06Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  I'm embarrassed for Pluto.

• 8:12Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Welcome back to StarTalk Radio. I'm your host, Neil deGrasse Tyson. We're continuing the broadcast of our live show at the Neptune Theater in Seattle, recorded on March 30th, 2012. Along with my comedic co-host Eugene Mirman. Joining me on stage that night were his fellow comedians, Kristen Schaal and Paul F. Tompkins, as well as the actor, Wil Wheaton. Let's get back to the deck of the Enterprise.

• 8:37Speaker 03

  Okay.

• 8:38Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  There's all this technology there. I know it's fake technology, but it's still technology we can think about.

• 8:43Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 8:44Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So I remember the original, thinking, could that happen or could it not happen? And I'm thinking, alright, they got this thing that makes food hot real quick, okay? Maybe that'll happen one day.

• 8:53Speaker 03

  I'm sorry. I don't remember any scenes of the original Star Trek where they just heated up food.

• 9:01Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  No, there is! There's a...

• 9:04Speaker 03

  But they would make food. It would materialize hot. That is different from us being...

• 9:10Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Computer, uh, set pot pie to warmer than now.

• 9:20Speaker 03

  They clearly never watched the third season of the original Star Trek.

• 9:25Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Of all the technologies with the tricorder and the communicator, the one that I said this will never happen in 500 years was where the doors opened up just by walking in front of it. It's like, no, that'll never happen! That's how old I am. There was a day when doors did not open for you when you approached them.

• 9:44Speaker 03

  Patrick Stewart and I did a scene once in Next Generation where Picard and Wesley are going to...

• 9:49Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Wait, I gotta ask, why did he have a French name and he spoke with a British accent? Jean-Luc Picard, and he speaks Brit.

• 9:57Speaker 03

  Right, well, probably because sometime between now and then, Britain probably just storms across the channel and occupies France. But you think they built the tunnel for convenience?

• 10:10Speaker 03

  So Patrick and I did this scene once where we're on a starbase and I think Wesley's going to have his artificial heart replaced. So they had built this set that had this glass door, just a regular door with a handle on it. And we walked up to it and I said to Patrick, Wesley has never experienced a door that doesn't just open for him. So, let's do this thing when they're rolling where we'll walk up and I'll just stop there and look at it, like, what the hell is going on?

• 10:34Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  What do you do with this?

• 10:35Speaker 03

  Yeah, and then he was like, oh, and then I'll look at you, like, oh, kids. And then I'll push the door open and go through. And we did it, and it made it into the episode.

• 10:46Speaker 03

  So we're doing like this kind of schlocky physical comedy bit on Star Trek, and I guess we just snuck it through.

• 10:53Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Well, now and then, I think it maybe needed it.

• 10:55Speaker 03

  Well, because our science was airtight.

• 10:58Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So I got my list here. So we had the warp drive. You need that, of course.

• 11:02Speaker 03

  Right, yeah.

• 11:02Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Because here's the galaxy, and you're on one side of the galaxy. You want to get to the other. In case you didn't know, the diameter of the Milky Way galaxy is 100,000 light-years. So traveling at the speed of light, if you watched a ship do that, it would take 100,000 years. So they invoked the warp drive.

• 11:19Speaker 02

  And 100,000 years is equal to one light-year?

• 11:23Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  No, 100,000...

• 11:26Speaker 02

  How, what's a light-year?

• 11:26Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Light-years is 100,000 light-years.

• 11:30Speaker 02

  Well, how long is a light-year?

• 11:32Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Uh, so a light-year is a distance.

• 11:35Speaker 02

  And how far is that?

• 11:35Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  It is 5.8 trillion miles.

• 11:37Speaker 02

  Thank you.

• 11:38Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, thank you. Okay. Good.

• 11:42Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So 5.8 trillion times 100,000, that's how many miles that is.

• 11:48Speaker 02

  Okay.

• 11:48Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, so now.

• 11:49Speaker 01

  That would take years.

• 11:52Speaker 03

  It's okay. We can give it more power.

• 11:54Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  That's exactly right. So you warp space, so where you are gets closer to where you're trying to go, and then you go through a little wormhole, you unwarp space, and there you are. And you got there during the TV commercial. That's how that works, right? So warp drives, I'm cool with that. Tell me about Captain Kirk.

• 12:12Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 12:12Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  He had a way with the alien ladies.

• 12:14Speaker 03

  He certainly did.

• 12:16Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And why would first the aliens be female, right? I mean.

• 12:21Speaker 03

  Right.

• 12:21Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  There's life on Earth that is non-gender, and you go to another planet, and there's gender.

• 12:25Speaker 03

  Right.

• 12:26Speaker 01

  Yeah, why doesn't he have sex with gender-neutral, like, piles of alien goo? That's a very intriguing exploration.

• 12:34Speaker 03

  Well, actually, in the classic Star Trek episode, Devil in the Dark, no one ever really explains how that Horta became pregnant.

• 12:42Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Oh, the Horta, that was that life form based on...

• 12:45Speaker 03

  Silicon-based life form.

• 12:46Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Silicon-based life.

• 12:48Speaker 03

  Right.

• 12:48Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Silicon, directly below carbon on the periodic table.

• 12:53Speaker 02

  So they were boning.

• 12:55Speaker 03

  Right?

• 12:56Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Uh.

• 12:57Speaker 03

  Ooh la la.

• 12:58Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  No, no, no. No, they don't bone with each other.

• 13:01Speaker 02

  Oh.

• 13:01Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  They each bone with the same other elements.

• 13:03Speaker 03

  Oh, so they have an understanding.

• 13:04Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  They have a total understanding.

• 13:06Speaker 02

  An open element bone.

• 13:07Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, right, so it was a pregnant silicon-based life.

• 13:11Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 13:11Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, so.

• 13:12Speaker 03

  And you'll notice that its little babies didn't have any hair, just like William Shatner.

• 13:16Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Ooh.

• 13:19Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So the point is, we are carbon-based chemistry. And in principle, you can create life such as we, based on any element in that column on the periodic table.

• 13:28Speaker 03

  You know, one of my favorite sci-fi novels ever is Larry Niven's Ring World. And it is one of the books that really helped me understand that I was totally different from everybody else that I knew, that I was really nerdy, that I really loved science, that this imagined world was more interesting than my own. And what really blew me away about that was just the scope of the Ring World itself, and how it stays in place and all of those things. And I know it's unstable, I'm getting there. And in, and.

• 13:57Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Someone in the audience said, "It's unstable."

• 13:59Speaker 03

  Yeah, so that's. Why do you guys have a science fact, please? Don't keep it down.

• 14:03Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Hello, guys. So there's nothing more entertaining to the non-geek than watching geeks argue over nonexistent future worlds.

• 14:11Speaker 04

  I liked how this guy was trying to head it off, because as if Will was gonna say, "So we should do that."

• 14:16Speaker 03

  Right.

• 14:17Speaker 04

  "We should make it a reality."

• 14:19Speaker 02

  I'm just stuck on the fact that we glossed over, "So you'll take a space and you'll flip it over like a tortilla and you'll get there." I'm cool with that. I'm not. What kind of energy are they using to take all of space and put it into a bowl and just flip over? But can't you?

• 14:34Speaker 04

  Can you explain it with a different ethnic food? She doesn't like Mexican. So anyway.

• 14:40Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Wait, wait, Chris, it takes an enormous amount of energy to do that.

• 14:43Speaker 02

  Okay.

• 14:43Speaker 01

  Maybe the energy of all of the stars in the known universe?

• 14:47Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Approximately that, actually.

• 14:48Speaker 01

  Lucky guess.

• 14:49Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Good guess, yeah.

• 14:51Speaker 03

  So anyway.

• 14:51Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  You've got a different world.

• 14:52Speaker 03

  Right, so Niven's going to conventions and he's speaking about Ring World and people in the audience are shouting out, "The Ring World is unstable." So he writes a second book called Ring World Engineers, where he goes to repair the Ring World, because that's a good way to spend your time. And in that book, there's all this interspecies sex. And it's the way that they consummate a deal by engaging in this interspecies sex.

• 15:15Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  But does that lead to offspring?

• 15:16Speaker 03

  Uh, I don't think it does. No, I don't, I don't think it does.

• 15:19Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  There would be mules.

• 15:20Speaker 02

  What about STDs?

• 15:22Speaker 03

  Well.

• 15:23Speaker 01

  Space TDs.

• 15:24Speaker 03

  Some, some people think that that's actually how Rick Santorum was formed. Unfortunately, due to his antipathy to science, we haven't been able to actually test.

• 15:41Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Right. So, Kristen, there's actually a point of history about STDs, if I may.

• 15:46Speaker 02

  Please.

• 15:47Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay.

• 15:48Speaker 01

  I was gonna say, Neil, what do you know about STDs?

• 15:51Speaker 02

  And stop asking permission.

• 15:54Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, I, so if you are of a planet, if you're from Earth, you're Earthling. Mars, you're Martian. If you're Jupiter, you're Jovian. Actually, on a show the other day, I said Jupiter-ian, it was more fun to say that, but it's officially Jovian. So here's the thing. This is what the astronomers came up with to call what you are if you're from these planets. The problem is, the planet names are Roman, so the genitive form of those words for Venus would not give you Venusian, it would give you Venereal. And the medical doctors got to that word before we did, because they found a disease peculiar to lovemaking, and what god of the planets is of lovemaking and beauty and all

• 16:39Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  that?

• 16:40Speaker 03

  I know this, it's Venus!

• 16:41Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  It's Venus! So Venus...

• 16:43Speaker 01

  And so it's not sex Hermes?

• 16:45Speaker 03

  Sex, sex Hermes.

• 16:51Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So when the astronomers said...

• 16:52Speaker 01

  I went to public school.

• 16:53Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  How are we gonna name these planets?

• 16:54Speaker 01

  He can wrath up the Titans.

• 16:57Speaker 03

  So this was like, this was their sort of quaint Downton Abbey-ian way of talking about STDs.

• 17:04Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Well, yeah, so they got the word before we, because they isolated STDs before we started thinking about aliens from these planets. And so when we said, if we're gonna call someone from Venus venereal, that just doesn't work. So, we invented this new name, Venusians. So now you have interspecies sex. Do we answer, did they have STDs?

• 17:23Speaker 03

  Well, you know, I don't know. It wasn't covered in the book.

• 17:26Speaker 02

  It probably didn't get tested.

• 17:28Speaker 03

  But actually, but two, in Ringworld, they don't. But, I mean, that's sort of, that just...

• 17:30Speaker 02

  Ringworld sounds like an STD right there.

• 17:32Speaker 03

  Well, that is.

• 17:38Speaker 03

  Well, it is unstable, as we heard.

• 17:42Speaker 03

  I guess. But, you raise an interesting point, like, how did Captain Kirk's dick not just fall off?

• 17:50Speaker 04

  I guess that conversation took place between the scenes. Like, I was thinking, like, whoa, whoa, whoa, before we do this.

• 17:55Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 17:56Speaker 04

  I do have to know. Will you disintegrate my dick?

• 18:01Speaker 02

  And Will, that was probably some acting work he was doing in his face.

• 18:04Speaker 03

  Right.

• 18:05Speaker 02

  Right. I moved my dick, but it's worth it.

• 18:08Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 18:14Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Welcome back to StarTalk Radio. I'm your host, Neil deGrasse Tyson. Our live show at the Neptune Theater in Seattle continues with Eugene Mirman, Kristen Schaal, Paul F. Tompkins, and Wil Wheaton. You can also watch a video of this show on the Google YouTube Nerdist channel. Check out our website for more details at startalkradio.net.

• 18:37Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, tell me about the holodeck. I didn't see every episode. Did you ever get to go in the holodeck?

• 18:40Speaker 03

  I did. I spent a great deal of time. I was actually in the holodeck on the pilot.

• 18:43Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And what were you imagining for your own world?

• 18:45Speaker 03

  In the pilot...

• 18:46Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Well, the holodeck is a room you go into and live out all of your fantasies, right?

• 18:50Speaker 03

  Right. It's sort of like the internet. But real. Right. Yeah.

• 18:58Speaker 03

  The idea was that the Galaxy-class starships in Next Generation would go farther, and they would be out in space longer than the Constitution-class ships in the original Star Trek series. So, in order to keep people from, like, you know, going...

• 19:13Speaker 02

  Killing everyone.

• 19:14Speaker 03

  Yeah, that. They did a couple of things. They put families on the ship so that people could be with their families, which is a super-great idea when you're sending a thing out into unknown space, where you're definitely going to be involved in wars and things. And then they built these holodecks that would let people go and sort of escape the drudgery of being on a starship. The problem with that is that the holodecks constantly malfunctioned.

• 19:35Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  This imaginary thing called the holodeck malfunctioned.

• 19:37Speaker 03

  Yeah, it turned into a plot device.

• 19:38Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  But since it's imaginary, they could have just not made it malfunction.

• 19:41Speaker 01

  It would be funny if in the first episode of Star Trek, they all went into space with their families, and all the families died right away. I mean, I guess it's good that that didn't happen.

• 19:50Speaker 03

  Right.

• 19:51Speaker 02

  I would think that the holodeck would be really addictive, too. Like, how do you keep people out of the holodeck?

• 19:56Speaker 03

  There was...

• 19:57Speaker 02

  I'd be in there the whole time.

• 19:58Speaker 03

  Yeah. And the worst job on the spaceship is the guy that has to go in and mop up the holodeck. That's the worst. So, they...

• 20:04Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  The thing I did, UV light, I guess.

• 20:06Speaker 03

  Yeah, boy. But it's a great idea, and right now I'm voicing an audiobook called Masters of Doom, and it's about John Romero and John Carmack, the guys that invented Wolfenstein 3D, and then Doom, and then Quake. And it was the holodeck on Next Generation that was really driving Carmack to program 386 computers to do really incredible, technologically astounding...

• 20:27Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, Star Trek is influencing the creativity of video engineers.

• 20:33Speaker 03

  Yes. And if you assume that Next Generation exists at a point in the future of our timeline, it creates this interesting paradox that people are watching Star Trek and then developing technology that was inspired by Star Trek, that then Star Trek uses.

• 20:47Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, one of my favorite devices on the deck was the visor that Geordi wore.

• 20:51Speaker 03

  Yeah, sure.

• 20:52Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Did that have an official name?

• 20:53Speaker 03

  It was just the visor. And visor's an acronym, but I don't remember what it stands for. Does anybody in the audience know what it stands for? Gotta be for vision, right? Vision, independent, surreal, or...

• 21:05Speaker 02

  Rate or reality.

• 21:08Speaker 03

  Yeah, that's actually, that's right.

• 21:11Speaker 04

  I love any adjective that includes or.

• 21:14Speaker 03

  Yeah. We haven't nailed this down, but we need to call it something.

• 21:18Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So here's the thing, in astrophysics, we basically have that. But you don't wear it, right? So there's visible light, and we used to only build telescopes that viewed visible light in the universe.

• 21:30Speaker 01

  Fools.

• 21:31Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And then we said, yeah, we're empowered by these telescopes. And then we discovered, wait a minute, there's this thing called infrared, which sits right on the other side of red, and something called ultraviolet, which sits beyond violet. And so then we built telescopes sensitive in those regions, and the universe is doing something else. We look in the same spot, and it's something else happening there. In fact, with ultraviolet telescopes, we discovered black holes. And so then we said, what's beyond ultraviolet? Then you find X-rays. There's X-ray things going on in the universe. And then on the other side of the infrared, there's microwaves, and then radio waves, and then gamma rays, and the whole electromagnetic spectrum is talking to us from the universe.

• 22:14Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And we've got a telescope lined up in every band.

• 22:22Speaker 01

  You're walking a fine line towards conspiracy theory, but I believe you.

• 22:27Speaker 03

  One of the things that I loved about Gene Roddenberry.

• 22:30Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  The creator of Star Trek.

• 22:31Speaker 03

  He was a good friend of mine when we were working on the show, and was sort of a mentor to me. And the secular humanism of Star Trek informed 100% of my morality and my worldview. And.

• 22:41Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  One of the great features of the show was the storytelling captured social-cultural issues. In a way where, oh, it's just science fiction, but in fact, it was pointing directly back to us.

• 22:53Speaker 03

  And what you were saying about, like, all those telescopes that we've made and the things that we can observe in the universe, I've done a number of educational short videos for the Spitzer Space Telescope program at Caltech. And it's awesome, the things that that telescope can see are mind-blowing. And when you're talking about that.

• 23:08Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Spitzer telescope is tuned for the infrared. So a whole telescope orbiting, like Hubble is orbiting, except it's checking the universe out in infrared, which enables you to see deep into. Otherwise opaque gas clouds, revealing the birth of stars and planets within.

• 23:24Speaker 03

  So, wear a robe around the house.

• 23:29Speaker 03

  So, when we talk about those things that we have done, the things that science has done, those things that human beings have done, just through the application of knowledge, I think, "Fuck yeah, we did that. We sat down as a species and we decided, we want to know these things, we want to understand these things, and we will develop and build instruments that let us do that." And one of the things Gene Roddenberry used to say was, "There is no limit to what mankind can do when we just sort of work together." And the only time I ever saw Gene get angry, we were at a convention, and someone was going on and on about the face on Mars, and pyramids on Mars, and just a bunch of stuff that was like pseudoscience. And aliens came to Earth, and aliens built the pyramids.

• 24:11Speaker 03

  And Gene was like, "No, they didn't. Human beings built the pyramids. We did that." And he was incensed.

• 24:18Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Well, so he missed an opportunity. What he should have said was, "The fact that some members of the human species look upon the pyramids and are so awestruck by them that they cannot even believe that it is a product of our own species, is that much more of a testament to how brilliant the human mind can be."

• 24:40Speaker 01

  I still find it difficult to believe that that pot that you can drain pasta through, that that was a human being that came up with that. It wasn't even on Star Trek. They just, out of nowhere.

• 25:00Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Welcome back to StarTalk Radio. I'm your host, Neil deGrasse Tyson. We're continuing the broadcast of our live show at the Neptune Theater in Seattle, recorded on March 30th, 2012. Along with my comedic co-host, Eugene Mirman. Joining me onstage that night were his fellow comedians, Kristin Schaal and Paul F. Tompkins, as well as the actor, Will Wheaton.

• 25:23Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  The cloaking device. A couple of comments about that, if I may.

• 25:26Speaker 01

  No, let's move on.

• 25:29Speaker 01

  I'll allow it.

• 25:30Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  You are invisible if the band of light you use to observe it passes through it. So, windows are cloaking devices for visible light. If you shine visible light at a window, it goes through. So, you don't see the window. You see what's on the other side of the window.

• 25:52Speaker 01

  But also, you can see windows.

• 25:55Speaker 01

  I know that no one ever contests you, but I can totally see windows.

• 25:59Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  I saw one today.

• 26:01Speaker 01

  Yeah. My hotel room, Window City.

• 26:05Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  I was on a plane, it was full of windows. Eugene, Eugene, clean your windows, and then maybe what I said will apply.

• 26:12Speaker 01

  Oh!

• 26:14Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Snap!

• 26:15Speaker 01

  I will clean my hotel windows, and then go downstairs to the front desk and be like, "I can't see my windows, because I cleaned them too much."

• 26:24Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Someone's stolen my windows.

• 26:28Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Here's the thing. This space, the walls are transparent to radio waves, and that's why you can like, have radio reception, even microwave reception. And so, one way to cloak is to use a beam that goes right through you, okay? So, that's one way. Another way to cloak is they found a way to have the light transmit a path around the object, and then continue out the other side. And so, that way, if you can do that for all beams of light, then you could be invisible to any way they try to detect you.

• 26:56Speaker 02

  Sounds like it could get kinda hot.

• 27:00Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Uh, no, actually, it'd be kinda cool. Because you feel warm by absorbing energy from light that hits your body. That's why it always feels warmer in the sunlight, even though the air temperature's the same as it was in the shade. The shade is not cooler in air temperature than standing in sunlight. So, stop saying that!

• 27:25Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So what happens is, you step out of the shade into sunlight, and your skin absorbs radiant energy from that source of light we call the sun. And that way, you have two sources of energy into you: the vibration of the molecules of the air, as well as the sunlight. And air is transparent to sunlight. That's why you can see the sun in the daytime.

• 27:52Speaker 02

  So, the sun is cloaking the air?

• 27:54Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yes, very good. In fact, Kristen, if no one told you, why would you even think there was anything between you and the audience right now? They're right there.

• 28:08Speaker 01

  What are you talk— are you high? You went from so much science to like, who knows where we all are now? What if I'm you and red is green?

• 28:21Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Air is transparent to visible light. It is not transparent to ultraviolet light. Which is why, when we first detected ultraviolet light, we needed to put a telescope above Earth's atmosphere. And we would not have known about black holes until we put the ultraviolet and X-ray telescopes above the atmosphere. That's all I'm saying.

• 28:40Speaker 04

  Is "black hole" the best name they could've come up with?

• 28:44Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  It's a really awesome name. Because if it's a hole in the ground and you fall in...

• 28:49Speaker 04

  Yeah, sure.

• 28:50Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  A black hole? It's a three-dimensional hole. You fall in from any direction you approach it. Fact one. So that's an awesome hole.

• 29:00Speaker 04

  Look, I am not trying to denigrate the holes themselves.

• 29:04Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay.

• 29:06Speaker 04

  I mean, I let ultraviolet slide. That was definitely a lazy... Like, infrared sounds really cool, and then it's like, it's so violet, it's like, ultraviolet.

• 29:19Speaker 04

  Let's watch The Big Lebowski again.

• 29:24Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Well, just so you know, the way we looked at the visible spectrum, we ordered the light, Isaac Newton, my man, first did this, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. Okay?

• 29:36Speaker 01

  What, are you mad that indigo's left out all the time?

• 29:38Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  No, no.

• 29:39Speaker 02

  What was that about?

• 29:40Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Because indigo doesn't belong there, alright? Isaac Newton had a mystical fascination with the numeral seven, and he counted six colors. He said, "I need a seventh one somewhere, let's put in indigo." If you're gonna put in indigo, there are 12 other colors you can put in there, because the colors change continuously.

• 29:56Speaker 02

  Well, if he's your man, let indigo be his muse.

• 30:00Speaker 01

  Oh, I like that.

• 30:01Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, so he's got the seven colors. So we order them, red at the bottom, violet at the top. Quite an arbitrary notion to order them that way. It's an increasing energy, it is. But, when you go beyond the violet, it's ultraviolet. When you go below the red, it's infrared.

• 30:21Speaker 02

  You must feel so dumb right now?

• 30:24Speaker 04

  I still don't like it.

• 30:28Speaker 01

  So if you leave the edges of Seattle, you go to ultra-Seattle?

• 30:34Speaker 01

  The closer to Pike Place Market is infrared.

• 30:44Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Welcome back to StarTalk Radio. I'm your host, Neil deGrasse Tyson. Our live show at the Neptune Theater in Seattle continues with Eugene Mirman, Kristen Schaal, Paul F. Tompkins, and Wil Wheaton.

• 30:58Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Can I tell you how infrared was discovered?

• 31:00Speaker 02

  Yes, you may.

• 31:02Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay.

• 31:02Speaker 01

  No, let me. When Aerosmith first formed, I'm pretty sure I got this. Okay, you take over now.

• 31:10Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Alright, so...

• 31:13Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Isaac Newton asked himself, he was the first to pass white light through a prism, got the colors, put the colors back through a prism and got white light again. To show that white light is composed of these seven colors. All right, he asked himself, could there be more light beyond the edges of these seven colors?

• 31:33Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Later, research would be done to find out whether the colors have different temperatures. And so, a thermometer was put in each color. Now, when you're doing a-

• 31:43Speaker 02

  How, how?

• 31:44Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Huh?

• 31:44Speaker 01

  Yeah, you said it normal, but it-

• 31:46Speaker 04

  The thermometer juice is red, is that gonna be an issue?

• 31:48Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  That's what- So, you got your colors laid out and you just lay a thermometer in the colors that came through the spectrum.

• 31:55Speaker 02

  Okay, no big deal.

• 31:56Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, no biggie, right. So, what the experiment does was, as you may remember from your, like, science class-

• 32:02Speaker 01

  They don't.

• 32:02Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  You, you, you need-

• 32:04Speaker 03

  Also, I like how dismissively he said "science class", like, so far beyond your- Your mere mortal science classes.

• 32:12Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, you put a thermometer outside of the seven colors. You put a thermometer that is not exposed to any color at all, that's your control thermometer.

• 32:20Speaker 02

  You mean in black, which is all colored, oh wait, nevermind.

• 32:23Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  No, you're right. So, what happened was, that thermometer registered the highest temperature of them all. That thermometer discovered infrared light.

• 32:35Speaker 04

  And is that thermometer on a stamp? No. But Elvis is.

• 32:42Speaker 04

  To be fair, Elvis discovered green.

• 32:47Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  All right, one last thing here. You know what, I liked that medical scanner, that was good. You just wave the wand-

• 32:51Speaker 03

  Oh, man, I know, right?

• 32:53Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And you just know everything.

• 32:53Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 32:54Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Without cutting you open.

• 32:55Speaker 03

  Right.

• 32:56Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  We need that.

• 32:57Speaker 03

  Yeah, you know, the guy that invented the MRI, invented the MRI because of the device that- He watched the original Star Trek. And he watched Dr. McCoy sort of scan around on a thing. And he thought, we should do that. There should be a way that we can see inside people's bodies without having to cut them open.

• 33:15Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, here's the thing, the physical principle is nuclear magnetic resonance. But that term has one of the two famous N-words in it. And so, you, to bring that technology into the hospital-

• 33:28Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  People fear that N-word. And so they excised it from the name, came up with a new one. So it's magnetic resonance imaging. But it is so nuclear magnetic resonance. I'm just letting you know that. And so you send a strong magnetic field across the nucleus of an atom, and the nucleus aligns. Then you can image what the different alignments are, depending on the mass of the nucleus. And so you can see where different elements are inside your body without cutting you open. It's a brilliant device invented by a physicist, who, by the way, had no specific interest in medicine. Happened to have been a physics professor of mine in college, just by coincidence. My point is, there are people who say... That was your science class. It was my science class, right.

• 34:12Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So he won a Nobel Prize for that. My point there is that people say, "I want to live healthy. Let's fund medical research." Wait a minute. Every device in a hospital with an on-off switch that diagnoses the condition of your body without cutting you open...

• 34:27Speaker 01

  You're making me nervous about my health right now.

• 34:29Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Oh, sorry, sorry. Every one of those machines is based on a principle of physics discovered by a physicist who had no interest in medicine. And it took the medical technologist to say, "Hey..."

• 34:42Speaker 01

  They're like, "People should give me the money, and I promise to invent a thing for them of no specific description yet."

• 34:51Speaker 03

  You know, one of the really cool things about the... One of the really great things about the design of the computers on Next Generation, and specifically the tricorders. Michael Kuta and Rick Sternbach were the guys that designed all of these things. And Mike had this idea in 1987 that eventually, computers were going to be sort of operating system independent. And you would come up to a computer, and the computer would, one way or another, know what you wanted it to do. And the computer would reconfigure itself to serve that particular purpose. And that's the under...

• 35:22Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  To serve man.

• 35:23Speaker 03

  That's sort of the core philosophy of the LCARS system. And it's why every computer in the enterprise goes to RedTube when Wesley walks by. But they... The medical tricorders on Next Generation, they were specifically designed so that the doctor could just sort of like... It's the coolest thing in the world that the doctor just goes... "What's wrong with this guy?" Point, point, point, and then the thing says everything. But you've got to take that information to the ship's computer and then use the ship's computer to sort of interpret all that information. And some of my favorite fake computers on the Enterprise were those things in sickbay because of all the computers that we had, they were the ones that looked the most, like, real to me.

• 36:03Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And what is clear is that the most primitive thing today that the future will assess to be primitive is our hospitals. And evidence of that is you wouldn't be caught in 20-year-old hospital technology. The fact that the medical community says medical advances is so high and so great and we have come so far, the fact that they say that means they were not far yesterday. If you keep saying how far you've just come, it meant you're still improving, right? You're still not really there yet.

• 36:41Speaker 03

  That's why I don't go to a doctor, I go to a physicist.

• 36:48Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  You've been listening to StarTalk Radio, funded in part by the National Science Foundation. There's much more of our show at the Neptune Theater in Seattle coming up, so check out our website for details about those shows and how you can also watch the video on the Nerdist TV channel. Until next time, I'm Neil deGrasse Tyson, saying, keep looking up.