Pod Insights How to Be a Better Human How do you stop caring what others think? A filmmaker and a therapist answer | TED Talks Daily About this episode How do you quit people-pleasing? Internet filmmaker Baron Ryan and family therapist Stephanie R. Yates-Anyabwile unpack the all-too-common fear of rejection and explore the practices necessary to reclaim your ability to finally say “no” and stop caring about what other people think. (This conversation is part of “TED Intersections,” a series featuring thought-provoking conversations between experts navigating the ideas shaping our world.)
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1:17 Chris Duffy? Hi, everyone. You know, even though many of us may be ashamed to admit it, we all care about what other people think, to an extent. And sometimes that care is important, but sometimes it is also so not important. I'm excited to be sharing today a special episode of a TED Talks Daily mini-series called Intersections that explores the concept of caring about what other people think about us. Intersections as a mini-series is a place where TED Talks Daily is featuring thought-provoking conversations between experts who are exploring the ideas that shape our world. And today, in this episode, it is internet personality Baron Ryan talking with family therapist Stephanie Yates-Aña Bule. And what you may remember is that Stephanie has been on our show before.
1:59 Chris Duffy? We talked to her back in May about how to navigate changes in a relationship without fear. So I'm really thrilled to be spotlighting her again today on the show. She's talking with Baron today about how you can quit people-pleasing and reclaim your ability to say no. After listening to this episode, if you want to hear more TED Intersections, you can find it on TED Talks Daily wherever you get your podcasts. And now, onto the conversation.
2:26 Speaker 02 You're listening to TED Talks Daily, where we bring you new ideas and conversations to spark your curiosity every day. I'm your host, Elise Hu. TED Intersections is back for a second season. This original series features unscripted conversations between TED speakers taking on subjects at the intersection of their expertise. In this conversation, internet filmmaker Baron Ryan sits down with marriage and family therapist Stephanie R. Yates-Anye Buile to answer the question, "How do you learn to love yourself?" They dig into the struggles of people pleasing, why we care so much about what people think of us, and how we can resist that sneaky urge to compare ourselves to others.
3:14 Speaker 03 I respect my dad's opinion a lot. And so oftentimes, I won't call him for advice because I'm scared.
3:21 Speaker 04 That I'm wrong.
3:21 Speaker 03 That I'm wrong. And because I respect it so much that I know there's something inside that says, "He is right no matter what."
3:28 Speaker 04 Yeah.
3:29 Speaker 03 Yeah. But I think one of the wisest things we can do is not listen to our elders too closely. There's a great value in discovery, in doing the wrong thing and learning for yourself, as opposed to learning what the wrong thing is and never trying the wrong thing.
4:00 Speaker 03 So the first question I have is, how do you see people pleasing manifest in your relationship with yourself and others?
4:09 Speaker 04 I think you could probably answer this question better than I could. But I think for me, realizing that I have people-pleasing tendencies was a slow evolution, a slow revelation. I realized that I was comparing myself to people that I thought were obvious people-pleasers, like my clients even, you know? But I started realizing that when certain people would ask me for things... Even if it was something I was dreading for weeks beforehand, I wouldn't say no. Um, just because I think I was afraid that if a specific person saw me as difficult, then that's true.
4:48 Speaker 04 So I think for me, it was very much based on my level of respect or desire for a person to love or appreciate me. And, you know, if they, a person didn't fall into those categories, I could say no. But if they did, then I had a really hard time with just even saying, this is going to be a challenge for me, but sure, I'll do it for you. And I would almost act as though I was excited about it. Um, so people pleasing has shown up for me in multiple ways. And I think in the last two or three years, it's been a lot more obvious for me and something I've been working on a little bit more intentionally addressing. How about for you?
5:22 Speaker 03 Uh, you said people pleasing, you never had it, it's for other people problem. I am the other people.
5:30 Speaker 03 Yeah, no, I, I had, I, I think I still am a people pleaser and it's very funny that I can admit that because my talk is about people pleasing. But I think you'll see it, there's no solutions.
5:41 Speaker 04 Yeah.
5:42 Speaker 03 Uh, I think I just see the solution, I see the light and I don't, I don't know how to get to it. I think we, I especially have this tendency where once I'm aware of what I'm doing, I think that's it. Oh, problem solved, I'm done. And that's not it.
5:58 Speaker 04 Yeah.
5:58 Speaker 03 Um, I see it happening pretty much like, uh, just everywhere. Um, I don't know, I just walking, just like the Uber here, the air conditioning was just way too hard. And I just didn't say anything.
6:15 Speaker 04 Yeah.
6:15 Speaker 03 And he asked like, is it too cold? And I said, no.
6:18 Speaker 04 Yeah.
6:19 Speaker 03 It was too cold.
6:20 Speaker 04 Yeah.
6:20 Speaker 03 And I just, I, I recognized it and then I didn't do anything about it.
6:24 Speaker 04 Yeah. And see, I'm the type of person who that kind of situation, I would absolutely say something. Um, I, even when we were just sitting in a talk, I saw the lady next to me pull out mints. I'm like, ooh, can I have some of your mints? I don't know her, but I didn't have any issue asking for that. But I have some family members, um, that I'm very close to that kind of. They would never do, they would never ask because they're just that cognizant of being an inconvenience or feeling like a burden on someone. I think, I do believe that there are things that can be done about people pleasing. I don't think that it's something that is solutionless. I think the first thing is admitting to ourselves that something is bothering us
7:09 Speaker 04 or could bother us and feeling comfortable to even just communicate that possibility to ourselves. And as we get more comfortable with admitting, because sometimes it's like after the fact, you realize like, damn, I was, oh, can I cuss?
7:23 Speaker 03 Sure.
7:23 Speaker 04 Okay. It's kind of like, man, I was cold. And so maybe in a situation with a stranger, no, but maybe you start with your close friends just saying, I'm dreading this, but I'm willing to do it for you or family.
7:36 Speaker 03 I mean, there's a, I guess the big problem was you never quite feel safe opening up.
7:43 Speaker 04 Yeah.
7:43 Speaker 03 Because every time you, see, that's another problem of mine. I say you instead of I.
7:49 Speaker 04 That's okay, I get it.
7:50 Speaker 03 And it's really good for storytelling because people relate and say you. And if I said I, no one would care. But I never felt safe expressing and getting out there because I always thought if I do that, bad things will happen because bad things almost always do happen. But in reality, I just didn't know how to stand up for myself when I did open up. So I was having this discussion with a friend and he has people pleasing tendencies. I have people pleasing tendencies. And we were saying, I think the solution is it's about resilience as opposed to shelling up and never opening up. It's about opening up. And if you get hurt, you get back up instead of just never trying or never coming out of your shell. And.
8:37 Speaker 03 I don't know if that's true or not. I'm workshopping that tactic right now. But that, as far as I can tell, that seems to me to be a bit of a better solution than never opening up.
8:50 Speaker 04 Definitely agree. I think, and it's hard for me to engage in like more surface level conversations because as a therapist I go right to it. But I do think it's interesting how you said that bad things almost always do happen. That's an interesting understanding of the world and life. I think that, to me, that means that your people pleasing is probably a result of some sort of trauma experience. If bad things always happen, what does that mean?
9:18 Speaker 03 I could, I could never pinpoint a certain moments, but I think I was the youngest child. And so as the youngest, you're almost always giving in.
9:28 Speaker 04 Yeah.
9:28 Speaker 03 And I think you're just trained, I am just trained to do that. And that training serves you well in adulthood, but in very bad ways.
9:39 Speaker 04 What I, what I hear you say is that basically you people please to avoid the humiliation of hearing no or asking for what you need and a person basically telling you you're not important enough for that accommodation. Like when we go back to the example of being in the Uber. If you tell that Uber driver that you're cold and goes, oh, well, I'm hot and keeps it on, now it's like, I put myself out there. I admitted I was cold and he didn't care. He didn't make the accommodation. So maybe it's easier to not experience that rejection than it is to take the chance of getting what you want.
10:18 Speaker 03 Sure.
10:19 Speaker 04 Yeah.
10:19 Speaker 03 It could also be that I need to be more anxious as opposed to more depressed.
10:24 Speaker 04 Oh, okay. Interesting perspective.
10:27 Speaker 03 Okay, because like I'm always thinking in hindsight, you know, you, you have an interaction with someone. You're like, oh, did I come off too strong? Did I, I could, why didn't I just tell the Uber driver to turn the air conditioning off? But if I was anxious, I would look forward and be like, oh, I'm going to be cold. I'm going to regret this if I don't turn off the AC. I'm going to get a cold or something. And so out of anxiety, I'll, I'll say, hey, can you, uh, and so I'll, I'll try and beat the disaster.
10:53 Speaker 04 Yeah.
10:54 Speaker 03 And instead of let the disaster happen and then just look back in depression.
10:58 Speaker 04 Yeah.
10:58 Speaker 03 Yeah.
10:59 Speaker 04 I could see that look, and I think anxiety works both ways because alternatively, you could be thinking,
11:06 Speaker 04 if I tell him about the fact that I'm cold, then this will happen, this will happen. Anxiety is just looking at every worst case scenario almost, you know, so I think even if you were super anxious, it could be the same situation. So how did the opinions of others impact your relationship with yourself?
11:25 Speaker 03 The opinions of others can really impact me, especially if I care about those people. And what I've learned is that in order to, for the criticism and for the negative opinion to not affect me, I have to also forget about the positive opinions and the complimentary opinions. And so I always saw opinions, comments, likes, anything on social media even.
11:51 Speaker 04 Yeah.
11:51 Speaker 03 As sugar. Uh, you know, we know not to take too much sugar. So I know in my mind not to take too much compliments, not to take too much praise.
12:02 Speaker 04 Yeah.
12:03 Speaker 03 It's not good for you.
12:04 Speaker 04 Yeah.
12:04 Speaker 03 And a little bit's fine, a little bit of sugar's fine. Don't take too much, though, because then you'll feel sick the next morning. You'll get withdrawals when it doesn't come, right?
12:13 Speaker 04 Mm hmm.
12:14 Speaker 03 So I guess right back at you. How does the opinion of others affect, uh, you know, your relationship with yourself?
12:24 Speaker 04 Yeah, I've always cared way too much what people think. I actually remember I was riding with my grandma back in 2019 and she always struck me as someone who just, she was the founder of a church, you know, small church, lots of opinions, um, especially once my grandfather passed away and she was like the head of the ministry. And so I was like, Grandma, how do you deal with? The opinions of so many people. And she was like, Stephanie, they're just people. That made no sense to me. That still makes no sense to me. Because I was just like, I guess, in a way, we kind of put people on this pedestal, which is so interesting because as a human being myself, my opinions are so flawed and they change.
13:10 Speaker 04 But I look at other people's views or opinions of me and give them so much weight and look at them as though they can't change or that they're correct. And so sometimes I just reflect on that conversation to remind myself, like, these are just people. Sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn't. But the opinion of people has always mattered a lot to me. I think we're talking about birth order. I'm the oldest. And I think sometimes with the oldest parents, that's when they, they put their best foot forward. Like, they want to raise the next, you know, top athlete or the next big politician, whatever. So they put a lot more energy sometimes to that oldest child than they do with the subsequent children.
13:52 Speaker 04 And so there's this pressure to do very well. And so I know for me, even as an adult, I still crave that I'm proud of you from my dad. You know, and he gives it to me, but I hear it more from other people than from him. And I always, every time somebody's like, oh, my gosh, your dad is so proud of you. I'm always thinking, oh, I wish he told me that, you know? But I know he is. But I think that's where it started for me is just feeling like, you want that parental approval, then expands to the authorities of teachers and, you know, administration at your school. Then it's your boss. Then it's everybody, you know? Everybody has an opinion. And as the older we get, I think
14:35 Speaker 04 the more confident we get that our opinions are right. And if someone has a negative opinion, especially being in the online space, it is hard to just say, that's one person's opinion. I love what you said about. You have to give similar weight to the positive opinions, just like you do the negative. And that's something that I think when you're online for years, you kind of, you come to a point because I'm like, everybody, it could be the exact same content and all the initial comments are so positive. And then one person says something and it takes a turn. You know, and a lot of people kind of follow the crowd, whether it's positive or negative. So.
15:13 Speaker 03 Yeah.
15:14 Speaker 04 You can even look at the numbers of it, really.
15:17 Speaker 03 And, but what's hard is that on social media, the comment section is generally not the general consensus of most of your viewers. I always thought that was a big problem with reviews online of restaurants.
15:33 Speaker 04 True.
15:34 Speaker 03 Who has the time to pull out their app, sign into the app and make a review of this restaurant? Whoever has the time to do that gets angry pretty quick or gets, is a little bitter about a little too many things. Maybe the comment section is the same thing. I think the comment section is a demographic. It's a type of viewer. It's not your overall audience, though.
15:57 Speaker 04 That's a good point. Would you say that most of your comments are more negative or more positive?
16:03 Speaker 03 Oh, they're all, they're mostly all positive, but my theory on that is that whoever has all positive comments, the haters are out there somewhere.
16:14 Speaker 04 Yeah, they are.
16:15 Speaker 03 They're lurking. They're waiting for their moment to strike. And the second you screw up, there'll be a few negative comments and then here they come.
16:24 Speaker 04 Yeah.
16:24 Speaker 03 And then it happens all at once. That's how that works, I think. So they're, they're all there. They're all there waiting. I'm waiting to get canceled one day.
16:32 Speaker 04 Yeah.
16:32 Speaker 03 Everyone does.
16:33 Speaker 04 I know. It's terrifying.
16:34 Speaker 03 But in, you were talking about how you're, you still look for that good job from your dad.
16:40 Speaker 04 Yeah.
16:41 Speaker 03 Whose approval feels the best and where do strangers fall into that ranking?
16:47 Speaker 04 Ooh, that's a good question.
16:51 Speaker 04 I still think.
16:55 Speaker 04 I still think my dad's at the top.
16:57 Speaker 03 Yeah.
16:58 Speaker 04 I definitely do.
17:01 Speaker 04 My household dynamic was very different in that my mom, she struggled with a lot of mental health issues. She experienced so much trauma growing up and it's really miraculous, the life she was able to build. But you know, behind the scenes, you kind of experience that on a closer level, at a closer level. So my dad was kind of given this, I would say hero role. Like you're the parent that's gonna save us from, like they were married and everything, but you're the parent that's gonna save us from this tyrant or this person, whatever, whatever was happening in the moment. It wasn't always like that, but you know, some moments were like that and we never really ever had that with him. So I think I view him as like stability, security, and with that comes contentment.
17:44 Speaker 04 So sometimes like seeing that moment of pride or knowing I'm working on a project that he really cares about, that means everything to me. And when things that he cares about, you know, when they fall through, I think I'm more embarrassed about that than the world seeing something fail. Sometimes I wait months before I even tell him about a certain project just because I'm nervous it's not going to pan out. And I'm worried about, he would never say anything mean, you know, my dad's not like that. But I just don't want him to feel disappointed. Even though he's not expressing that, I just internalize it in a certain way.
18:22 Speaker 03 Yeah. I think I respect my dad's opinion a lot. And then so oftentimes I won't call him for advice because I'm scared.
18:32 Speaker 04 That I'm wrong.
18:32 Speaker 03 That I'm wrong and because I respect it so much that I know there's something inside that says he is right no matter what.
18:40 Speaker 04 Yeah.
18:40 Speaker 03 Yeah, but I think the, one of the widest things we can do is not listen to our elders too closely. They have things to say, but there's a great value in discovery, in doing the wrong thing and learning for yourself as opposed to learning what the wrong thing is and never trying the wrong thing.
18:58 Speaker 04 Yeah, I think a big moment for me was when I was buying my house. And at that point, it was a crazy summer. Like I got engaged, married, bought a house, all in the same summer. Everybody thought I was pregnant because it was happening so fast. I wasn't pregnant. I was just ready to be married. We've been together for 60 years. And I think that. In that moment when I was buying my house and I was asking my dad for his feedback on everything and I was just, I needed his approval, like, what do you think about this? I don't want to make the wrong decision. It hit me, like, my dad's never bought a house before. You know, at that point, I was living in experience outside of his experience.
19:39 Speaker 04 Like, I couldn't go to him as the person that could give me all of the advice. And he always has opinions, you know? He definitely wanted me to have, you know, he had recommendations for who should do the my inspection and everything, but he'd never bought a house before. We lived in a house growing up and my mom bought it before she met him. And so it was just this moment where I was like, I'm at a point where I'm having experiences that I can't lean on my dad for. My mom passed away, by the way, so that's why I'm referring to him a lot in adulthood. But it was just interesting to be in this very surreal position of like, wow, I'm in a stage of life that my dad never was in.
20:24 Speaker 04 And, you know, it's kind of like swimming without a life vest for the first time. So I agree with you about kind of recognizing, just because a person is older doesn't necessarily mean they have all of the answers.
20:36 Speaker 03 Fun stuff.
20:38 Speaker 04 I know. We're doing a therapy session for each other.
20:41 Speaker 03 Okay, this is a long one, but I'm gonna, I'm gonna, I'm gonna go for it, all right?
20:45 Speaker 04 Okay.
20:46 Speaker 03 You say that relationships are difficult because people base their metric of success on what they see other people do.
20:53 Speaker 04 Yeah.
20:54 Speaker 03 Is this a form of relationship imposter syndrome? And how do couples break out of that mold?
21:00 Speaker 04 Ooh, that's a good question. Relationship imposter syndrome. I don't know if I would say it's imposter syndrome, only because I think of imposter syndrome as a feeling where we've basically tricked an organization or a person into thinking we're one way, and it's that constant fear of being exposed for not really being that. You know, I call myself a therapist. Are you really a therapist? I call myself an artist. I call myself an actor, you know, and someone kind of tearing that down. So I don't think of it as imposter syndrome, because I don't think, I don't know, maybe there, there are some parallels, but I think basically that...
21:41 Speaker 04 We have clear trajectories of how relationships are supposed to develop. You know, you meet the love of your life. Eventually, you might move in together. Maybe you get engaged, you get married, you have kids, you buy a house, you know, whatever the order is. And I think sometimes we don't stop enough to ask ourselves, like, why am I doing this? You know, like, maybe you did find the love of your life, but do you guys need to live together? If you live together, do you need to share a bed? Like, do you have to sleep in the same bed with that person every night for the rest of your life? I think sometimes we just get so stuck and this is just how it's always done. And if I don't do it this way, maybe that is the imposter syndrome part.
22:23 Speaker 04 Because the question is, if I don't do it this way, is my relationship legitimate? How would people feel if they found out that we don't sleep in the same bed, for example?
22:31 Speaker 03 Yeah, how should we? Like, what should our metric of relationships be then? Who should we be comparing ourselves to?
22:40 Speaker 04 I think the challenge is to try to avoid the comparison because there's so many different models for what a healthy relationship looks like. And even what looked good in your relationship 10 years ago might not look good today. You know, so I think it's very much about checking in with yourself about what is and isn't working for you. And I think this takes us back to the people pleasing part of the conversation. Because if you're afraid to open up to your partner, which is what I see a lot. A lot of the work I do with clients is like, you guys have been together 30 years and you're afraid to tell your partner that you don't like XYZ that they do. And so I think that it's about being honest about where you're at today, what your hopes are today.
23:24 Speaker 04 And seeing how you and your partner can negotiate that. If I say to my husband, like, I don't think it's making sense for us to share the same bathroom. Like, we're constantly getting in arguments about the bathroom. Your hair is everywhere, my hair is everywhere. I leave the lids off of everything, whatever the case may be. We've got an extra bathroom, why don't we just, you have that one, I have this one? If you can have that conversation and they're cool with it, why not save yourself from some arguments? There are a lot of opportunities like that that we miss.
23:54 Speaker 03 Yeah, I, I think I always, um, I was always scared about, of this part in relationships because the, the big danger is you get in a relationship with the fantasized version you have in your head of someone else. You've projected that onto this person and they're going to inevitably fall from that imagined reality that you just gave them.
24:16 Speaker 04 Mm-hmm.
24:17 Speaker 03 And so, of course, you need a little bit of reality in there. You need, maybe a little bit of comparison might do you well, but for the most part, maybe it's just about checking in whether or not you are happy. Just as is, you know, there's a, there's a short story by Lucas Shepard, I think, called The Jaguar Hunter.
24:36 Speaker 04 Okay.
24:37 Speaker 03 And the story begins, it opens with this tribe in South America and everyone's happy, everyone's calm and life is good. And then someone brings a TV into the tribe and they hook up the electricity and suddenly the tribe just goes to pieces because they see what the outside world is like. They see what it's like to have hot and cold water. They see what it's like to have, to go to the grocery store and just pick out any fruit you want, no matter what the season is. And suddenly they feel like they can't be happy because that, that they're living in heaven, not us.
25:13 Speaker 04 Yeah.
25:13 Speaker 03 And I think with the relationship things, I think that's, for the most part, that is what the hole, we all go down. We all put a TV in, metaphorically, in our, in our relationship and we see what it's like and we see, we say, why, why isn't my life like that? Why aren't we like that?
25:33 Speaker 03 And in reality, just, just take a look, maybe just take a look around. Do you feel good?
25:38 Speaker 04 Mm-hmm.
25:38 Speaker 03 Are you happy when you, are you happy when you make coffee and put dishes in the dishwasher and is that a, is that a pleasurable thing to do because you like this person? Maybe that's enough and, I don't know, uh, it's just a theory, you know?
25:50 Speaker 04 I totally agree with that. Um, I think we don't check in with ourselves a lot, especially in the...
25:59 Speaker 04 Learning someone phase. Sometimes, like you said, we ignore things that would make us very unhappy. Because we are really not even enjoying the fantasy of them, but the fantasy of being in a relationship in general.
26:14 Speaker 03 Yeah.
26:14 Speaker 04 And so it's like, hmm, yeah, he's not that romantic, but he's here and I've got someone to take to this wedding. And I have someone who might warm my car up in the morning. But then, you know, we're looking ten years down the line, you're like, my husband's not romantic. And I'm like, was he ever? Right? And most of the time, the answer is no.
26:37 Speaker 03 Yeah.
26:37 Speaker 04 But we develop these hopes for our partner before we ever even commit, before we even communicate to them that these are our needs.
26:47 Speaker 03 Okay, can I? I'm gonna, I'm gonna tell, I'm gonna tell you an idea for a short film I have, and I, I don't know how it ends. And I, maybe you can help me, like, okay, no one steal this idea. This is, I want to make this short film, I really do.
27:00 Speaker 04 Okay.
27:01 Speaker 03 So, we're living in this dystopian world where
27:06 Speaker 03 the state of New York is trying to curb the divorce rate, for some reason, but we'll figure out why. And in order to do so, to get married in the state of New York, a couple has to go take a lie detector test that is 100% accurate. Like, this thing always gets it right. They go into these tests, but they ask incredibly intrusive questions. Incredibly intrusive, like,
27:34 Speaker 03 who is more attractive, your partner or your partner's sister? Right? If your partner died, do you have someone in mind that you would turn to first? As an alternative?
27:49 Speaker 04 Love this.
27:50 Speaker 03 These are like incredibly harsh questions that no one wants to ask. And I thought the theory of all this was that Maybe relationships need a little bit of fantasy just to work. Just a little bit. If there's way too much honesty, if we know way too much about each other, that, we might not be ready for that because we don't quite love ourselves that much. I don't think we love humanity that much.
28:14 Speaker 04 Yeah.
28:15 Speaker 03 And if you get that raw, you're not going to like the other person, and I don't think that relationship works.
28:20 Speaker 04 Yeah.
28:20 Speaker 03 But I wanted to follow a couple that does this. And of course, disaster strikes and it's like, I didn't know that's how you felt. I didn't know that's how you felt. And I don't know how it ends. I don't know what the message is. I don't know what any of it is.
28:32 Speaker 04 Yeah.
28:33 Speaker 03 Where would you go with that if you were the writer of this?
28:36 Speaker 04 Um, I don't know how you would end that. I really don't. But I love the concept. Maybe that's the ending is that you let the viewer decide for themselves what happens with this couple.
28:49 Speaker 03 You want to play it? You want to be the therapist? You want to be the one with the lie detector?
28:53 Speaker 04 Sure.
28:54 Speaker 03 Hook us up?
28:54 Speaker 04 Sure. I've been in short films before. My husband makes a lot of short films.
28:58 Speaker 03 Oh, okay. That's fun.
29:00 Speaker 04 This is awesome. Thank you.
29:01 Speaker 03 Yeah, this was really fun. Uh, let's do this again.
29:06 Speaker 04 I love the Dead series pan. Like, I will never do this again.
29:16 Speaker 02 That was a conversation between Baron Ryan and Stephanie R. Yates-Anye Boule for our original series, TED Intersections. Visit ted.com to watch this conversation and others from the series. If you're curious about TED's curation, find out more at ted.com/curationguidelines. And that's it for today's show. TED Talks Daily is part of the TED Audio Collective. This episode was produced and edited by our team, Martha Estefanos, Oliver Friedman, Brian Greene, Lucy Little, Alejandra Salazar, and Tonsika Sarmarnevon. It was mixed by Christopher Fazey-Bogan. Additional support from Emma Tobner and Daniela Balarezzo. I'm Elise Hu. I'll be back tomorrow with a fresh idea for your feed. Thanks for listening.
30:08 Chris Duffy? This episode is sponsored by the Natural Resources Defense Council. Here's a question this show asks a lot. What can one person actually do? Take protecting the environment. When the task feels so big, it's hard to know where to even begin. Turns out, the answer isn't doing it alone. It's teaming up with people who care as much as you do. With the help of 3 million supporters, the Natural Resources Defense Council is in court to defend ancient forests, pristine coasts, and the wildlife that depend on them. None of these places or species can be replaced. They're still here because people fought for them, in and out of court. And that fight needs your support today. Donate at N R D C dot org slash human,
30:51 Chris Duffy? and your gift will be matched five times. This episode is sponsored by PayPal. This holiday season, don't miss your chance to turn "just looking" into "just bought it." Make it easy for your customers to say yes on the spot. PayPal Checkout is a trusted conversion engine fueled by 400 million active PayPal and Venmo accounts. And when you add Pay Later, you can turn holiday shoppers into regulars. 96% of Pay Later shoppers are repeat users. So if you give them Pay Later flexibility now, it could help earn their loyalty all year long. PayPal is built for all business. Get started at PayPal dot com slash business. PayPal data eight markets, March 2025 to February 2026. Repeat users defined as more than one Pay Later
31:36 Chris Duffy? purchase in the past year.
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