How to avoid counterfeit and unsafe products online

Almost 7 in 10 consumers were misled into purchasing counterfeit items online at least one time in the last year, according to a 2023 study from Michigan State University. And buying knockoff versions of products can be dangerous. Kari Kammel, the director at the Center for Anti Counterfeiting and Product Protection at Michigan State University, shares tips for how to avoid counterfeit and unsafe products, especially online. This episode originally published October 22, 2024. Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:00Speaker 00

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• 0:16Marielle Segarra?

  You're listening to Life Kit from NPR. Hey, everybody. It's Marielle. Before I was the host of Life Kit, I was a financial reporter for the public radio show Marketplace. And one time, I went to Rhode Island to interview a woman who owned a small company that makes bird feeders. A customer had bought a hummingbird feeder from her brand on Amazon, or so they thought, because it was a fake, a convincing one with her company's name and phone number on it. But it didn't work. The pieces didn't fit together. That kept happening to this company, and it happens to all sorts of companies, large and small, that somewhere, someone decides to make a cheap, fake version of their product and sell it online. That's what you call a counterfeit.

• 1:01Speaker 02

  A counterfeit product is something that stems from what's called a trademark counterfeit.

• 1:07Marielle Segarra?

  Basically, the seller is trying to make money off of some other company's reputation.

• 1:11Speaker 02

  The unauthorized use of the trademark is what makes it a counterfeit, because it signals to the marketplace that that particular item is coming from the brand when it indeed is not.

• 1:21Marielle Segarra?

  That's Carrie Camel. She's the director of the Center for Anti-Counterfeiting and Product Protection at Michigan State University. Counterfeits are often a waste of money because they fall apart quickly or they don't work. But maybe more importantly, they can be dangerous. Fake electronics can malfunction or light on fire. If you're buying a counterfeit version of something you're ingesting or putting on your skin, you could get really sick.

• 1:44Speaker 02

  We look at the studies of what they found in counterfeit meds or other products, and it varies from, like, highly dangerous chemicals to, you know, just filth and dirty things that shouldn't be, you know, put in a body or come anywhere near humans, and sometimes a combination of all the above.

• 2:03Marielle Segarra?

  Carrie says counterfeiting is rampant online, and it's hard to spot a fake, even when you're holding it in your hands.

• 2:09Speaker 02

  We have in our main office this, like, counterfeit museum where we have a lot of authentic next to counterfeit. And, you know, when we bring people in, you know, sometimes we'll hand them the two products or hand them the one and say, is this real or is this fake?

• 2:24Marielle Segarra?

  Most of the time, they can't tell the difference. On this episode of Life Kit, Carrie shares her best tips for how to avoid buying counterfeits online and in stores, too. And while we're talking mainly about counterfeits, which are fake versions of some brand's product, the advice could also help you avoid unsafe or illegitimate products in general.

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• 4:04Marielle Segarra?

  Carrie, what are the most commonly counterfeited consumer products?

• 4:08Speaker 02

  We see it really across multiple industries. And a lot of people I talk to when they first think of counterfeiting, they think of luxury, luxury handbags or other types of products like that. But we see it across, you know, almost any industry you can think of, from the toy industry to the automotive industry, to consumer products, to things like baby formula and food.

• 4:32Marielle Segarra?

  Yeah, and it's really potentially dangerous when you think about some of the products you just listed. In what ways might a counterfeit product be harmful to your health?

• 4:43Speaker 02

  You know, if it's a product that you can put in your body or on your body, or in or on, you know, another human, or I would even say a pet or an animal, there's a really high, you know, high potential risk of serious harm and even death in some cases, depending on what that is. There's other products too, that maybe you don't put on or in your body, but are there some type of life-saving measures? For example, airbags in cars or brake pads. You know, things that are there that are not, of course, touching your skin, but they're there to protect you in case an accident happens or in case you need to brake quickly. And when we see those type of things counterfeited, the risk is really, could be really great, depending on what that is.

• 5:26Speaker 02

  Because we're talking about a product that hasn't gone through quality, quality control, there's no safety considerations. So you really don't know what it's made out of.

• 5:36Marielle Segarra?

  It's so scary. So, OK, let's say you are shopping online. What are some of the best practices for avoiding counterfeits?

• 5:45Speaker 02

  One of the important things, you know, that we tell people is know where you're shopping from, first of all, and understand, you know, where you're buying something from. Looking at the e-commerce space, the safest place for me to shop is directly from the brand itself, or from the manufacturer of the product. So most brands, not all, but most, will have their own website where you can buy their product direct from them. Oftentimes, that may take a couple more days shipping. You may not get it in one day or two days. It may be five days or seven days. But that by far is the most safest place to buy that from.

• 6:21Marielle Segarra?

  OK, so takeaway one. Whenever possible, if you're shopping online, buy directly from a brand that you trust. You can do that on the brand's website. You can also do that through an e-commerce platform, like Amazon. But that's a little trickier, because you'll need to make sure you're actually buying from the brand and not from the platform itself or from a third-party seller on that platform. A quick note here. Amazon, Target, CVS, and Walmart have all been sponsors of NPR at some point. It's not why I mention them, but, you know, full disclosure. Carrie says there's another way to shop on ecommerce platforms. And that's buying from a third-party seller.

• 6:58Speaker 02

  They acquire product some way. Really, usually it's unknown how they acquire it. And they post it for sale on an ecommerce platform. So if you're looking for a particular brand and you're on one of these sites, you may find five listings for that particular product you're looking for. You may find 10,000 listings.

• 7:15Marielle Segarra?

  And that's something not everyone realizes when they're shopping on Amazon or on walmart.com, which also allows for third-party sellers, or on other ecommerce platforms. You're not necessarily buying a product directly from a brand or from the platform itself. Often, you'll be buying from a third-party that you don't know anything about.

• 7:32Speaker 02

  Now, are all third-party sellers, you know, bad actors? Certainly, no. But what's happened is counterfeiters and other bad actors have found this to be a bit of a loophole for essentially getting in front of consumers on ecommerce platforms. So this is an area where it becomes, you know, really more challenging for a consumer to understand, you know, what do these postings actually mean? Because you may see the brand name of your product there and think, oh, well, there it is. And the picture looks just like the product I buy. So sometimes it takes a little digging on these sites to click through, like, okay, this is the product. Who is selling it? Where are they located? And sometimes it'll take you a couple clicks down the road

• 8:14Speaker 02

  and you'll see something like, you know, cheap kitchen goods. But you're there to buy an electronic or you're there to buy a backpack. These can be warning signs, right? Why would someone who's selling, you know, kitchen utensils all of a sudden be also selling electronics or backpacks or something else? So sometimes that disconnect is obvious and you can see it, but you have to be able to slow down for a minute because that's the goal when you're shopping safe, right? Is to say, where is my product coming from? And can I be sure about this before I purchase it?

• 8:49Marielle Segarra?

  Takeaway two, if you're shopping on an ecommerce site and you are thinking about buying from a third-party seller, do some digging. Check to see who you're actually buying from. If this is Amazon, you're going to look for the words "sold by" on the right-hand side of the page, and then click on the seller information. Do they list an address? What kinds of products do they sell? What's their company name? If you search for it online, do you find anything? Carrie says you should be especially careful when it comes to things like pharmaceuticals.

• 9:16Speaker 02

  It's very easy to counterfeit pharmaceuticals, especially if you're thinking of something like a pill, right? You can buy a pill press, you know, make your own pills. It's something very easy and very low-cost to counterfeit. And I've heard people say, "Oh, well, what's the worst that's going to happen? It just has like a little, you know, salt water in it or something like that." And actually, no, that isn't the worst that can happen. It's probably, you know, on the good side. The worst that can happen is it's full of a bunch of poison, right? And it can really hurt somebody. And oftentimes, they may not even know where the root of their problem is coming from. They may think it's something totally different because they naively thought that the product that they bought online was safe, like it would have been if they'd purchased it in a store.

• 9:56Marielle Segarra?

  So I'm thinking like, for instance, if I'm buying some sort of medication or personal care product online, I pretty much only want to buy it directly from the seller, from the brand itself or the manufacturer.

• 10:10Speaker 02

  So if you're buying a medication, at least if it's prescription-based, you should only be buying it from a authorized pharmacy, for example. So there's a great organization out there called the Alliance for Safe Online Pharmacies, and they do a lot of work on what pharmacies online are actually legitimate and what aren't. And a very scary statistic, I think it's well over 90% of online pharmacies are fake. So, for example, if you shop with one of the big, you know, national chain pharmacies, they will have a website and ways that you can order online or get mail order. That's a legitimate location, right? That may not be direct from the actual manufacturer of the pharmaceutical, but it's from a pharmacy.

• 10:53Speaker 02

  And they're licensed, you know, in order to do that. As far as like consumer care products, you may want to still buy that from a pharmacy or another, I would say, another retailer that doesn't allow third-party sellers.

• 11:08Marielle Segarra?

  Takeaway three, only get prescription medication from a licensed pharmacy. FDA.gov links to the pharmacy licensing databases for states and US territories. You can click on yours and see if your pharmacy is listed. If not, the FDA says, don't use that pharmacy. And Carrie says, if you're taking some non-prescription pill or supplement, don't get it from a random third-party seller online. And don't buy pills on social media either. It's too risky.

• 11:38Marielle Segarra?

  Is there anything you would never buy from a third-party seller online?

• 11:44Speaker 02

  Yeah, quite a few things, actually. I would never buy vitamins. I would never buy, of course, pharmaceuticals. But even, even other things too, like, you know, I mean, there's this, there was this case that was out of Ohio a couple of years ago. It seemed to really, really innocuous. This woman bought a retractable dog leash, snapped off and blinded her. You know, just things that you might not think are, are super high risk, could potentially be really high risk, right? And it certainly isn't saying that every third-party seller out there is a bad actor or is selling counterfeit products. There's a lot of legitimate sellers out there that are doing this too, right? That you can, you can find them and you can see that, you know, they, they have their own business

• 12:27Speaker 02

  and, and they're located in, you know, a certain area and they have a good reputation online. I mean, another thing to look at too is reviews. Reviews aren't always, you know, 100% accurate or even 100% real. But sometimes those can be big, um, big indicators as well to say, there's a lot of people saying, like, what is this product that I got? Or, you know, I ordered shampoo and I instead got, you know, a jack for my car. Like, what's going on here?

• 12:54Marielle Segarra?

  Yeah, or they might say, like, this shampoo burned my scalp.

• 12:59Speaker 02

  Yes.

• 12:59Marielle Segarra?

  And if you see a bunch of that, definitely don't order the shampoo.

• 13:03Speaker 02

  Correct, correct.

• 13:05Marielle Segarra?

  Yeah. I think what's so scary about personal care products and is that... You might not know that it's a counterfeit and you're just rubbing this other substance on your scalp or ingesting this thing that you think is food, but it's actually, I don't know. I don't know what it is.

• 13:27Speaker 02

  Yeah. And in that sense, it's, I mean, it's very scary. I mean, we, we've built up as a society, you know, trust in our marketplace, in our brick and mortar marketplace. Like when I go to my local pharmacy or my local grocery store, you know, or, or my local retail box store, I, I don't question that if I buy a shampoo off the shelf that it's gonna burn my scalp, right? I mean, if it does, maybe I think, oh, I was allergic to that or, or something to that effect. But online, it's a very different space.

• 13:58Marielle Segarra?

  We've been talking about Amazon a lot. A spokesperson told us in an email that the company has measures in place to prevent counterfeit and unsafe products from being listed and that it continuously monitors the platform, that it'll remove counterfeit and unsafe products, block accounts, and even work with law enforcement to protect customers, and that customers can always get a full refund if a product isn't as advertised. Also, Amazon does work with brands to find counterfeiters' facilities and get them shut down. In 2023, it identified and disposed of more than seven million counterfeit products worldwide.

• 14:32Marielle Segarra?

  I wonder, you talked about the trust we have in brick and mortar stores. Are we at all likely to encounter counterfeits at physical stores?

• 14:42Speaker 02

  So, I mean, in the US, we do know it still happens from time to time. It's usually by some bad actor infiltrating a legitimate supply chain. It's not because of, of, you know, just a total failure to, to vet who is selling products. If you were to buy a counterfeit product from a brick and mortar store, you can go right back to that store and, and deal with it, right? I mean, there's a lot of different ways to deal with it. If they don't deal with it appropriately, you know where their business address is, you can file a lawsuit. That's the, that's sort of the, the crux of this problem with the third-party sellers, is that most of them you can't find. Because once they get shut down, let's say it's discovered that they are selling counterfeit

• 15:25Speaker 02

  and they may get shut down by one of these ecommerce platforms, you can't find them anymore. There's no one to follow up with.

• 15:32Marielle Segarra?

  Yeah, there's this discount store I used to go to near where I live and I bought a couple of cheap electronics there, like a scale. And I bought an alarm clock and I brought them home and neither of them worked. And I brought it back and they were like, uh, sort of begrudgingly giving me refunds for these things. But I stopped going to that store because basically I was like, well, how do I know if your shampoos are not gonna work because they're not the real deal? You know, it was like, uh, I felt like a red flag there in a physical store.

• 16:08Speaker 02

  Yeah.

• 16:09Marielle Segarra?

  And maybe because they sell things at such a low price, they're not super careful about it.

• 16:16Speaker 02

  Yeah, and speaking about stores like that and also things, I mean, similar like flea markets, you know, or other where you have like highly discounted things that, that you can, you sort of know that they may not have come direct from the manufacturer. I mean, your situation gave you some red flags to say, mm, I'm not sure where this stuff came from. Do I really want to risk it? Probably not.

• 16:39Marielle Segarra?

  Takeaway four, be careful at in-person stores too, especially if you're getting a steep discount. You can get counterfeits and illegitimate products at brick and mortar stores. What can you do when you have a product in front of you that you've just bought? Are there ways to look at it, to examine the label, to smell it, whatever, to try to determine whether it's a counterfeit?

• 17:02Speaker 02

  So if it's something that we call like an obvious counterfeit, yeah, you may be able to see that. You know, if you, and, and I say obvious counterfeit, like there's something really glaringly wrong with it. Maybe it does smell funny. Maybe there's misspellings on the packaging or, you know, just all kinds of things, like maybe the logo looks wrong or the coloring looks wrong or, you know, I mean, it's, it's worth taking a pause to look at it, but. Unfortunately, as technology is getting better, the counterfeits are getting better, too. So there's no way to be able to, you know, 100% say with certainty, like, I know this is the authentic product that I just bought from a third-party seller. The only one that can do that is actually the brand or the manufacturer.

• 17:47Speaker 02

  They're the only ones that can truly authenticate. But what, as a consumer, we can do is, you know, at least try to go to the safest place we can to buy our products. And then if there is something obvious, to not ignore it, right? If it is shampoo that's burning your scalp, like, please don't ignore that.

• 18:05Marielle Segarra?

  Yeah. Well, what should you do if you're, if you suspect that a product you've bought is counterfeit?

• 18:11Speaker 02

  So one is report to whatever place you purchased it from, whether that's an e-commerce platform, if it's a social media platform. And I would say some of the platforms make it very difficult to report suspected counterfeit. You can only say, I'm dissatisfied with the product. But I do think it's important to say, I think this is a fake product. And if it is something that's dangerous, to say it, right? To put it in writing, to let them know that. The other thing that I have done, you know, with, and again, with varying levels of success, is I reach out to the actual brand. And I did this at one point with, with some face cream that I bought from a, from a brick and mortar store, but it was, again, one of these discount stores.

• 18:54Speaker 02

  And I said, I just want to see if you'll let me verify, is this, is this really your product? So I read them off the serial numbers and, you know, everything on it. And they said, this is, this is not ours. Don't use it. And then in some cases, you know, it, you can report to law enforcement. So a year and a half ago, the Informed Consumers Act was passed, which requires e-commerce platforms that allow sales, you know, above a certain amount to vet the sellers. But within that law, it also opened it up that the state's attorney generals now can bring cases on behalf of their citizens against platforms that they don't think are protecting their citizens. So, you know, there are things that can be done.

• 19:36Speaker 02

  And the other thing I would say, too, is like, just don't, don't use it. Even if it may seem it's safe, it's not worth it.

• 19:44Marielle Segarra?

  Takeaway five, if you think you bought a counterfeit or unsafe product online, stop using it and report it to the ecommerce platform. You could also reach out to the legitimate brand if this is a counterfeit situation and ask them, is this your product? And you can report the seller to a US government agency. There are different ones depending on the situation. If a product was unsafe, for instance, you can report it at saferproducts.gov. That's the US Consumer Product Safety Commission. For more information on reporting these, go to stopfakes.gov. Now, I said this at the beginning of the episode, a lot of these tips can help you avoid unsafe products in general, not just counterfeits. Because even if something is not a counterfeit, like the seller's not pretending the product is coming from your favorite brand, it could

• 20:28Marielle Segarra?

  still be illegitimate. Like, maybe it says your shampoo contains green tea extract, but actually, the only green thing in it is mold. Or you could buy some cheap, no-name-brand lighting for an outdoor party.

• 20:40Speaker 02

  So, for example, we bought tent lighting, and we bought it from an ecommerce platform based here in the US. Decent amount of money. It was not, it was not cheap. We got two sets. And we went to plug them into the generator, and they started sparking. So, we called the generator company, and they were like, these aren't even made for the US market. This is made for a totally different electrical grid. So, again, not counterfeit, but really dangerous. You know, we had to go find something else and, you know, find it from a, from a brick-and-mortar store, which took a lot of driving around and phone calls, sort of old-school way. So, sometimes it isn't as easy as, you know, it's all counterfeit. Sometimes it's a little more complicated, too, but, but how do we make the online space safer regardless?

• 21:27Marielle Segarra?

  Okay, it's time for a recap. Takeaway one, whenever possible, if you're shopping online, buy directly from a brand that you trust on its website or through an ecommerce platform, but just make sure you actually are buying from the brand and not from the platform or from a third-party seller. Takeaway two, if you're shopping on an ecommerce platform and thinking about buying from a third-party seller, do some digging. See who you're actually buying from. Takeaway three, only get prescription medication from a Licensed Pharmacy, FDA.gov. Links to the pharmacy licensing databases for states and US territories. You can click on yours and see if the pharmacy is listed. If not, the FDA says, do not use that pharmacy.

• 22:08Marielle Segarra?

  Takeaway four, sometimes brick and mortar stores will sell counterfeits and unsafe products. Be careful of places where you're getting steep discounts that seem too good to be true. Takeaway five, if you think you bought a counterfeit or unsafe product online, stop using it and report it to the e-commerce platform. And you can report the seller to a US government agency. For more Life Kit, check out our other episodes. We have one on how to cut down on plastics in your life and another on how to do CPR. You can find those at npr.org/lifekit. And if you love Life Kit and want even more, subscribe to our newsletter at npr.org/lifekitnewsletter. Just a reminder that signing up for Life Kit Plus is a great way to support our show

• 22:51Marielle Segarra?

  and public media, and you'll get to listen to every episode sponsor-free. So please go find out more at plus.npr.org/lifekit. This episode of Life Kit was produced by Sylvie Douglas. Our visuals editor is Beck Harlan, and our digital editor is Malika Gharib. Megan Cain is our supervising editor, and Beth Donovan is our executive producer. Our production team also includes Andy Tagle, Claire Marie Schneider, and Margaret Serino. Engineering support comes from Patrick Murray and David Greenberg. I'm Mariel Segarra. Thanks for listening.

• 23:31Speaker 00

  Stay tuned for the following announcements and messages from our sponsors.