Budgeting for college students

A new semester has begun, which means college students across the country are taking on debt, opening credit cards and navigating meal plans and housing on their own. Budgeting and managing money, especially as a first-year college student, can be daunting. In this episode, we cover how to plan for student loans, look for scholarships, get part time work and more. Follow us on Instagram: @nprlifekitSign up for our newsletter here. Have an episode idea or feedback you want to share? Email us at [email protected] the show and listen to it sponsor-free by signing up for Life Kit+ at plus.npr.org/lifekitLearn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy

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• 0:00Speaker 00

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• 0:18Marielle Segarra?

  You're listening to Life Kit

• 0:22Marielle Segarra?

  from NPR.

• 0:24Marielle Segarra?

  Hey, it's Marielle. To all the college freshmen out there, I want to say happy first days of school. You probably had lots of daydreams about this moment. The football games, the roommate who'd become your best friend, the hotties you'd meet in Econ 101 or maybe in your dorm, and the freedom, right? Finally, you're on your own, making your own choices. I hope it's like that for y'all. I really do. But to be honest, it wasn't for me, at least not right away. I cried buckets, rivers even, when my parents dropped me off at school, despite thinking I was so ready to be away from them. Those first few weeks, I wandered around campus aimlessly, circled the weekends on my calendar that I'd get to go home,

• 1:09Marielle Segarra?

  and sat on a bench outside my freshman dorm, having distraught phone conversations with my high school friends about how homesick I was. The folks in my dorm, who I would later become friends with, thank God, started calling it the sad bench. I tell you this because I want you to know that if you're feeling any of these things, you are so, so not alone. Also, while college does offer a lot of fun and a lot of freedom because you're technically an adult now and maybe living on your own for the first time, it also comes with the realization that you're technically an adult now and you're on your own for the first time. If you weren't doing this already, you'll likely have to do your own laundry and make sure you eat and get yourself to class

• 1:54Marielle Segarra?

  and start paying for stuff. You are now financially responsible for yourself. That includes whatever debt you've just taken on.

• 2:02Speaker 02

  There's a lack of support for 18-year-olds who are now legal adults and can sign on the dotted line for debt with little to no support in helping you understand the ramifications of what you're doing.

• 2:11Marielle Segarra?

  This is Yanelli Espinal, author of the book Mind Your Money and host of the Marketplace podcast Financially Inclined. When we did the interview, Yanelli was wearing a Brown University t-shirt, which led us to realize that we had several things in common. Yanelli, did you go to Brown?

• 2:26Speaker 02

  I did.

• 2:27Marielle Segarra?

  So did I.

• 2:28Speaker 02

  Oh, really? Amazing.

• 2:29Marielle Segarra?

  Yeah.

• 2:30Speaker 02

  Yeah, I was class of 2011.

• 2:32Marielle Segarra?

  Wait, I was class of 2010. So you and I were probably having, like, in some ways, a very similar college experience because I was a first-generation college student, and I think you were as well.

• 2:44Speaker 02

  Yes, I was.

• 2:46Marielle Segarra?

  Being first-generation college students meant that our parents hadn't taken on student loans, and they weren't personally familiar with the college system and the choices we'd have to make on meal plans and housing until we and our siblings went to school. Now, whether you're first generation or not, this is likely the first time you'll be taking on debt, opening up a credit card, having conversations with friends and roommates about shared costs, and maybe realizing that you don't have enough money to go out the way your friends do.

• 3:15Speaker 02

  We need to be talking about this. We need to be openly discussing this because the more you feel shame or the more you kind of shy away from these conversations, the more you're going to think that you're supposed to be operating in a silo or by yourself managing these financial troubles, when in reality, there's probably a bunch of other students in your exact same dorm building, struggling with the exact same thing, but y'all are not in community about it, so everybody's just kind of managing on their own.

• 3:37Marielle Segarra?

  On this episode of Life Kit, I talk to Yanelli about how college students, especially in their first year, can budget and manage their money. We'll talk about student loans, scholarships, part-time jobs, credit cards, and more. That's after the break.

• 3:57Speaker 00

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• 5:20Marielle Segarra?

  Let's say I'm a first-year college student and I'm learning to manage money for the first time. What mindset should I start with?

• 5:28Speaker 02

  I mean, I think the mindset is one of like a little bit of grace because you're not going to be able to do as many of the things that you are going to want to do. You're not going to be able to, you know, help everyone that you want to help, including yourself. Especially if you're a student who comes from a low-income family or a first generation like me. There were times where I wanted to send money back home to help my mom and dad and like, I really just couldn't. Like, you're not going to be able to do all the things. But at the same time, it's a fine balance with being a little bit kind to yourself and also like taking responsibility that this is one of the top most important aspects of your life in general, but especially during this time when probably not a lot of income's coming in. So you're going to need some rules and some systems.

• 6:10Speaker 02

  Otherwise, it's going to be chaos.

• 6:14Marielle Segarra?

  Yeah. What are some of the first things you would tell a first-year college student to do financially?

• 6:22Speaker 02

  Most students are not going to be able to pay for college out of pocket. And so they're probably going to have to deal with some type of student loans. Really, I think the key is that you have to understand there's a healthy amount of debt that is manageable. And then there is this red zone, which is like the unhealthy amount of debt. I was very fortunate to not have a ton of student loan debt. But I knew a lot of my friends were really struggling. And what I wish I had known then was that you should not take on more student loan debt than one times your expected annual salary when you come out of college. So let's say the average salary in your desired career field is $50,000. Well, then you want to divide that by four so that you know roughly, okay, $12,500 is

• 7:03Speaker 02

  what I should expect to borrow at maximum for my first year. If I'm borrowing more than that, I'm already on the path to taking on an unhealthy amount of debt for my college experience.

• 7:15Marielle Segarra?

  Is this a decision that you have to make before you choose a school? It feels like it, right? Because the tuition is going to be a big part of that cost.

• 7:26Speaker 02

  Yes, 100%. And that's what makes this such a hard conversation to have because like I've worked with high school students that they have a dream school in their mind. And they're like, I'm going to my dream school. Like that's if I get in, I'm going there. There's no if, ands, or buts. Like I've been dreaming about that school since I was three years old and nobody's going to take that from me. Our culture in this country, in the US, where we push, push, push, and pressure, pressure, pressure teens to go to college and go to elite schools and go to their dream schools. And oftentimes, you know, for example, if you are a young black student, you might have an HBCU in mind that's your dream HBCU. Or if your parents went to a certain school, you might want to be legacy. You might want to go to that same school and follow in your parents' footsteps. There's all these different reasons why we become so attached to a college or university before we even step foot on their campus.

• 8:11Speaker 02

  And before we even submit our application to see if we're getting admitted. And that really clouds your judgment because it taints the entire decision-making process with a bunch of emotions and psychological layers between you and the ability to rationally make a decision based on the data. But yes, you need to make these decisions. You need to write down this budget and have these numbers outlined by your sophomore, junior year of high school so that you have in mind what those numbers are. You're also looking at probably the top thing should be, can I manage financially there while I'm there and also in the long run when I'm out of that school?

• 8:48Marielle Segarra?

  Okay, so takeaway one is to have a plan for the debt you take on for college. Here's a rule of thumb that Yanelli suggests. When you graduate, your debt should not add up to more than your expected annual salary. One way you can estimate that is by looking at the Occupational Outlook Handbook, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. It tracks the median pay for different jobs by year. Of course, your annual salary will vary depending on what field you choose. When I graduated, I did several unpaid internships for almost a year. Do not recommend. And then I started full-time as a writer at a magazine, making $45,000 a year. So according to this rule, my debt needed to be lower than $45,000. Luckily, it was. I got a lot of financial aid.

• 9:33Marielle Segarra?

  Ideally, Yanelli says, you'll do this debt calculation before you choose a school, once you know how much it's going to cost you every year. But don't worry if you didn't, we still have lots of tips for you.

• 9:45Marielle Segarra?

  If you're trying to do this calculation to see if you're taking on too much debt, are you just considering tuition and room and board and the meal plan? Or are you also factoring in any other expenses that might come up during the school year?

• 9:59Speaker 02

  I would say all in, ideally all in. Because if you don't have the money to pay for like food off-campus and like, you know, clothes when you want to go to a party or whatever, you know, birthday treats, jewelry, birthday dinners, et cetera, like all the things of normal life while you're in school, you're going to end up borrowing that money, right? So what I would do is I would look at the total amount of debt that you have to take on, for whatever reason.

• 10:23Marielle Segarra?

  So we've talked about doing these sorts of calculations when you're a sophomore or a junior in high school, when you're applying to colleges, and definitely before you make the decision. But let's talk to students who are in their first year, they've already made a choice, where they've taken on a lot of debt, and they're way outspending, according to this rubric. What advice do you have for them?

• 10:48Speaker 02

  If you're not working and you don't have a job, that is the number one thing you need to do. You need to either think about working part-time or on-campus work-study. Figure out what are some ways that you can start generating a paycheck. Generating income allows you to actually have money to start putting a little dent in it by making payments. And it doesn't have to be massive payments, right? One of the tips I always give young college students is to log into your student loan portal. Take a look at the debt that you have. And look at the interest that is accruing on your loans each month. Your statement, your account details will show. So say you borrowed $10,000 your first semester freshman year. You'll see that at the end of the first month, your loan is now $10,027, for example.

• 11:32Speaker 02

  That $27, that's interest fees that accrued in that first month of your loan, because you started with $10,000 and it went up by 27 bucks. So those interest fees of $27 could be a goal of yours. Hey, this month, I need to come up with $27 so that I can make a payment just to the interest fees. And if I keep paying just the interest fees every month, then when I graduate, the loan amount that I will owe is going to be exactly the amount of loans that I borrowed. So I think while you're in college, this is the time to get a lay of the land. Look at your numbers, write it down, pull up a spreadsheet. What's my loan amount? What's the interest that's accruing every month? And then look at what other types of debt you have. If you have a student credit card and you haven't really been strategic using that credit card, now's the time to start reining it in.

• 12:16Speaker 02

  Okay, I'm only going to use the credit card when I absolutely have to and when I know that I have a plan to pay it back within a few weeks or a few months so that I don't carry that debt too long, accruing those double-digit interest rates and fees.

• 12:29Marielle Segarra?

  What advice do you have for students who are looking for a job while they're in school? Like, what kinds of jobs do you think work well? And how can they plan their work around their schoolwork? Because you're also in school for a reason.

• 12:44Speaker 02

  Yep, that is a fact. So that's why the first and easiest way to look for a job is proximity to where you're studying. If you stayed at home and you didn't choose to go off to college, um, you want to try to find a job as close to home as possible so that you don't have to have a super long commute to and from work that interrupts time or takes away time from your ability to like attend class and do work. I found jobs right on campus. So I worked for uh Bud's, which is Brown University Dining Services. I was the person who was serving sandwiches. When you went to get a sandwich at the sandwich shop, I was the person who was handing you a scone when you went to the Blue Room, the coffee shop on campus. I was doing a lot of like those kind of quick jobs that I could clock in a couple hours between classes during the day. It wouldn't really affect my schedule too much because it's like if I had a class at 10:30 in the morning and then my next class wasn't

• 13:29Speaker 02

  till 1:30 PM, then I immediately knew I could take a two-hour shift from 11:30 to 1:30. So for me, it was the ability to quickly be able to get to and from work, so close proximity to where you're studying. And then also, the ability for you to use your scheduling blocks, kind of like puzzle pieces. You need to be able to work the schedule around your core responsibility, your most important task, which is to go to class and do well academically. Oftentimes, I think there might be a little bit of a stigma with others seeing that I have to work. Um, I definitely did feel a little bit embarrassed at first, like the first few weeks of school, when like the people that I made friends with would show up to get food and they'd be like, "Oh, you work here?" And I'm like, "Yeah," like, but

• 14:13Speaker 02

  whatever. I took pride in it. I became the supervisor. Like, working is never something to be ashamed of. Generating income for yourself is never something to be ashamed of. And, you know, if there's any type of stigma in your friend group, that should be a red flag to you that these friends are maybe not the best type of friends.

• 14:29Marielle Segarra?

  All right, takeaway two. If you're in college and your debt is likely to add up to more than you can manage, remember that rule of thumb we talked about. You have options. First of all, get a job, ideally one with flexibility, probably something on campus or even remote, so you can plan around your schoolwork. If you can swing it, start making payments towards your debt while you're in school. You could focus on paying the interest every month. Paying as you go can save you a lot of money in the long run.

• 14:57Marielle Segarra?

  So let's say you are a first-year college student, like we talked about, and you're trying to cut down on your debt and on your expenses. Is it too late to look for scholarships if you're already in school?

• 15:09Speaker 02

  Great question. No, it is not. This is probably one of the biggest misconceptions ever when it comes to paying for college. People tend to think that, oh, well, I didn't apply for scholarships when I was in high school, and now I'm already in college, too late, too bad, so sad. And that is not true. So do not be afraid to take, you know, 10, 20 minutes a week to just look for college student scholarships, scholarships that are directly for freshmen, or college scholarships for sophomores. The more specific you can be when you're researching, the better. So for example, I was studying visual art and history of art and architecture. So I would look for scholarships and grants for college students, Latina college students, studying art, history of art and architecture

• 15:53Speaker 02

  in Rhode Island, in junior year. Can you tell them everything about yourself that could lead to like an SEO connection to some link that goes, oh, wow, this is a specific niche scholarship that exactly fits all of the criteria that I happen to identify with, that will allow me to get, you know, $500 or $1,000. These don't have to be massive scholarships. You literally will do 10 to 15 minutes of work to submit an application that could pay off, because $500, $1,000, that's going to be a huge weight lifted off your shoulder if you can use that money to pay down a credit card that you just increased the balance on to buy a textbook or to buy a laptop. These small amounts add up and can make a big difference. So no, it's never too late. You can continue to get scholarships and grants,

• 16:37Speaker 02

  and you should continue to get scholarships and grants while you're in college. It just means that you're going to have to dedicate a weekly routine of time, 10, 20, 15 minutes, to quickly researching what are some college scholarships available to current students.

• 16:50Marielle Segarra?

  Takeaway three: If you're already in school, it is not too late to apply for scholarships. Spend 15 or 20 minutes a week researching what's available. And be specific. There might be a scholarship for someone from your background, in your exact situation, or with your talents.

• 17:07Marielle Segarra?

  We'll have more tips from Yanelli, like how to manage a credit card and actually talk about money with your friends, after the break.

• 17:19Speaker 03

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• 18:08Marielle Segarra?

  Okay, so let's say you're a first time college student and you're getting a credit card for the first time. What's some advice you have for folks? What should they know about credit cards?

• 18:17Speaker 02

  You know, credit cards can be a really incredible tool if it's used properly. So that's the big if. And they can also be very damaging when used poorly. So it's not like the credit card itself doesn't have any kind of inherent like it's good or it's bad. It's the usage of that card. And who's using that card is you. So it's all on you to use it correctly in a way that is going to help you financially in the long run. And I think the tricky thing is that people think of credit cards as like, especially college students, you think of a credit card as something that's like a short term thing, like, oh, I need it like immediately to buy these textbooks that I can't afford, or to buy this laptop

• 18:58Speaker 02

  that I can't pay for otherwise. We don't realize that this credit card and this purchase has implications for 10 years to come. Right? So I would definitely say you just have to learn, like, what are the things that help me with this credit card? And what are the things that I should avoid because they hurt me? The reason why when I graduated college, I didn't have horrible credit, even though I had $20,000 of credit card debt, is because I never missed a minimum payment. So that is probably the single most important thing to know is you can't make a late payment. If the payment due date is coming up and you don't have the money, Call them. Pick up the phone. I know it's weird, but pick up the phone and call the phone number on the back of your credit card and say, "I'm a college student.

• 19:42Speaker 02

  I've been using this card for a little while. It's been very helpful to manage expenses that I can't afford while here, but my payment due date is coming up and I don't have the money. Can you help me? Can you either lower the amount I have to pay or can you change the due date a little later so I can, you know, maybe pick up an extra shift and come up with the money in a few weeks?" They are there to work with you, but if you don't call them and tell them, they're going to think that you're trying to not pay them and also not let them know. That's when it takes, you know, a really bad hit to your credit score. So make sure you only use amounts of money that you have a really clear written plan for how you're going to pay it back and when you're going to pay it back.

• 20:19Marielle Segarra?

  Takeaway four. You may be opening a credit card for the first time this year. Exciting? Intimidating? We get it. Some things to remember. Shop around. Credit cards come with different terms and interest rates and rewards systems, and you'll want to know what those terms are and make sure you're getting the best ones available to you. Some other things to know. Credit card interest rates are generally much higher than the ones on your student loans. We're talking 20%, often higher, compared to the single-digit interest rates you'll pay on your student debt. So the interest is going to accrue fast. Try not to put things on your credit card that you can't pay off by the due date. And if you can't avoid doing that, make sure you at least have a payment plan in mind.

• 21:01Marielle Segarra?

  Also, you might be able to get a credit card with an intro offer of 0% interest for a year if you make your minimum payments. Again, you want to shop around.

• 21:10Speaker 02

  So a quick example. My freshman year, I went and I got a laptop at the Apple Store. I did not have the money to pay for it, so I signed up right then and there for a credit card that would allow me to put the laptop on the credit card and make a small payment every month until the credit card was paid off and the laptop was paid in full. Now, that was really nice because it was a 0% intro like offer for students to be able to get a laptop without having to pay a bunch of interest on the credit card. I was like, okay, so I have 12 months to pay back this $1,800. So I did the math, I divided that 1,800 by 12 months, divided that by two to see every two weeks, how much would I have to pay so that I would be able to pay the whole thing in that 12-month period of time.

• 21:54Speaker 02

  And then those numbers were realistic for me because I had multiple jobs. If that number was not realistic for me, if I knew that I wasn't going to be able to swing it, then I wouldn't have put that laptop on the credit card.

• 22:04Marielle Segarra?

  By the way, as a student, you have access to lots of discounts. Make sure you look for those whenever you're spending money. You'd be surprised what you can get a discount on. Software programs, streaming subscriptions, food, the list is long. And if you don't see a discount, ask. Do y'all have a student discount? Hey, it can't hurt, right? Well, a couple more financial conversations that will come up for a first-year college student. It's often the first time you're splitting costs with other people. If you share a house, for instance, this was true for me my senior year. One of us would go grocery shopping and then be like, okay, y'all, here's what you owe me. And then maybe your roommate doesn't pay you, they forget to pay you, or they just

• 22:49Marielle Segarra?

  don't do it, or they're like, actually, I don't really use the rice, you know, so I don't want to pay for the rice. And you're like, you eat the rice. Like, I see you eat the rice. You know, it's these awkward conversations, especially when somebody else owes you money. What advice do you have for students about all of that?

• 23:08Speaker 02

  Yeah, I mean, the best thing I could say is you have to agree beforehand, you have to discuss beforehand what the terms of that agreement or arrangement are going to be, and all get on the same page. And then if you hit a point where something comes up that was not in the agreement or was not in that discussion... It can be added on. Could literally just pull up a web search and just be like, what is a really good roommate agreement for college roommates? And start with a template there, but like you have to discuss the basic things like cleaning and food and splitting costs for things. Like, how are those things gonna be addressed? Because if you don't discuss them, it's only gonna lead to problems later and you're not gonna know how to solution those problems because you've never discussed it. And now you're in the thick of the problem. Frustrations are high and everybody has different opinion.

• 23:54Speaker 02

  And there's no kind of guidance to turn to, to look to, to look for a solution. So I would definitely say you have to talk about that before everybody's like, or you know, even let's say early, when you move in and you're a week or two in, it's still the honeymoon phase of being roommates. Everything's still fun. That's the time to go, alright y'all, I know it's not fun, I know it's not sexy, but we kinda gotta come up with some like roommate agreement of some type because we're all gonna be up in here this semester and I wanna make sure everybody's good and we minimize conflict.

• 24:19Marielle Segarra?

  Alright, takeaway five is to learn to have conversations about money. It is hard and we who've been adults for a long time still struggle with this. But getting clarity with the people in your life and communicating clearly with them will save you a lot of trouble in the long run. Also, when you open up and talk about your financial limitations, you will find your people, the ones who are in the same boat as you and wanna learn about money together.

• 24:43Speaker 02

  When you talk about it and you like open up about it more, you can actually build community around, hey, like, let's do a savings challenge, let's do a no spend September, let's do a, you know, like all these kind of creative ways to like work in community to try to be more mindful of the fact that like, we're all kind of broke college students at the end of the day. I think that is much more helpful and useful than us kind of shying away from the topic entirely.

• 25:06Marielle Segarra?

  For some students, you're also gonna be fortunate enough to have parents who can help you somewhat financially. And I wonder how we can have those conversations with our parents about what they can do and what they're willing to pay for and what they're not.

• 25:22Speaker 02

  It doesn't have to be a debate or a conflict or a negative kind of a tense conversation. It's literally just like curiosity and exploration. It's like, hey mom, hey dad, like, no stress, no pressure. But we didn't really talk about this and school's a few weeks away, like. I just wanted to know, are y'all able to help me financially while I'm on campus, like throughout the semester or like throughout the years? And if yes, like just kind of give me a ballpark of like how much or how often? And if no, like that is totally fine. I'm not trying to make you feel bad about it. I'll just, it'll just help me um make a plan. Like, because then when I get to campus, I'll know that I I should get a job part-time pretty much right away and it'll help me know like how to use my time on campus better. So I just wanted to open up the conversation and like learn from y'all. I'm not, I don't want to put pressure on you. It doesn't have to be something negative, right?

• 26:09Marielle Segarra?

  Yanelli, thank you so much for this.

• 26:11Speaker 02

  Of course, happy to help.

• 26:14Marielle Segarra?

  That was Yanelli Espinal, author of the book Mind Your Money.

• 26:19Marielle Segarra?

  Time for a recap. Takeaway one, have a plan for the debt you take on for college. Ideally, your debt should not be more than your expected annual salary. The best time to do this calculation is before you choose a school. But if you didn't, there are other ways to keep your debt under control. Takeaway two is to get a job, one with flexibility. That's probably something on campus or maybe remote, so you can plan around your schoolwork. Consider making payments towards your debt while you're in school. You could focus on paying the interest every month. Takeaway three, apply for scholarships, even if you're already in college. Spend 15 or 20 minutes a week researching what's available and be specific about your background, your interests, and your talents.

• 27:03Marielle Segarra?

  Takeaway four, you may be opening a credit card for the first time. Shop around for the best offers. Always make your minimum payments. And remember that credit card interest rates are generally much higher than the ones on your student loans. And takeaway five, learn to have conversations about money with roommates, friends, teammates, parents, and romantic partners. It's hard, but it's important, and this is a skill that'll serve you the rest of your life.

• 27:33Marielle Segarra?

  If you love Life Kit and want even more, follow us on Instagram, @NPRLifeKit. There you'll find videos demonstrating some of our favorite tips, like how much sunscreen you should wear, and delightful comics on everything from bathing to compliments to cardio. You can find those by following @NPRLifeKit. This episode of Life Kit was produced by Claire Marie Schneider. Our visuals editor is Beck Harlan, and our digital editor is Malika Gharib. Megan Cain is our senior supervising editor, and Beth Donovan is our executive producer. Our production team also includes Andy Tagel, Margaret Sorino, and Sylvie Douglas. Engineering support comes from David Greenberg. I'm Mary El Segarra. Thanks for listening.

• 28:23Speaker 03

  Stay tuned for the following announcements and messages from our sponsors.