Stars Talk to Neil – Reversing Earth’s Rotation

What happens after death? Neil deGrasse Tyson and co-host Chuck Nice and Gary O’Reilly answer science questions from celebrities like Kelly Clarkson, Dax Shepard, Sway Calloway, and more!

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:00Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Coming up on StarTalk's special edition, I've got Gary and Chuck, and we are fielding questions from celebrities who have harbored thoughts and queries about our place in the universe their entire lives. And they've handed them to us. Next on StarTalk.

• 0:21Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Welcome to StarTalk, your place in the universe where science and pop culture collide. StarTalk begins right now.

• 0:34Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  This is StarTalk's special edition. Today, of course, I've got Gary O'Reilly. Gary?

• 0:41Gary O'Reilly?

  Hey.

• 0:41Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  All right, man. And of course Chuck Nice, Lord Chuck Nice.

• 0:44Gary O'Reilly?

  That's right, yes.

• 0:45Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Well, over the years, anytime I'm at any special sort of celebrity-type event, it could be a red carpet of any kind or a premiere of a film, and all the actors show up. If I'm there, I pull out my smartphone and I acquire questions from celebrities. And on the spot, on the assumption that we all have questions about the universe that just linger within you. And how often are you in the company of an astrophysicist? There's only about 8,000 of us in the world, and there's about 8 billion people. So if you ever find yourself in the same room with an astrophysicist.

• 1:27Gary O'Reilly?

  Kidnap them.

• 1:27Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  That's the time.

• 1:28Gary O'Reilly?

  Because they're very valuable.

• 1:30Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And it's.

• 1:30Chuck Nice?

  Get a great ransom.

• 1:31Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  That's the time to ask your questions. So Gary, you accumulated them. They've been on the shelf for a long time.

• 1:39Gary O'Reilly?

  They have for a while, but got around to curating them.

• 1:42Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Curating them, thank you.

• 1:43Gary O'Reilly?

  And, you know, having captured their cosmic curiosity, well, let's find out what it is they want to know.

• 1:49Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  They're curious about.

• 1:50Gary O'Reilly?

  Yeah, first one. I'll start with that. And it's "Sway in the Mornings."

• 1:56Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  "Sway in the Morning."

• 1:57Gary O'Reilly?

  Yeah.

• 1:57Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Right, for Sirius XM.

• 1:58Gary O'Reilly?

  Mm-hmm.

• 1:59Chuck Nice?

  That's an actual show. It's not a, like, direction.

• 2:02Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Right.

• 2:04Gary O'Reilly?

  It could be.

• 2:04Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So "Sway in the Morning," right, it's not a direction.

• 2:06Gary O'Reilly?

  Yeah, has a deep question about us as a species.

• 2:09Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yes.

• 2:09Gary O'Reilly?

  So let's hear it and let's find out what you think to his question.

• 2:13Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay.

• 2:14Speaker 03

  Neil, let me ask you a question. I know mankind are meant to be nomadic in its original form. And mankind has began to sat on this planet Earth, tens of thousands of years ago. When we talk about viruses, am I inaccurate if I was to say that mankind is a virus to this planet Earth because of the damage and destruction that is done to not only the Earth but other people? Are we just ants with consciousness? Can you answer that for me, Neil?

• 2:46Chuck Nice?

  What the hell is Sway talking about? I mean, that question was all over the place. He started off, he started off with nomadic human beings, which really, I mean, he said tens of thousands, but yeah, that's

• 3:01Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  That's about pre-agriculture.

• 3:03Chuck Nice?

  Pre-agriculture.

• 3:03Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  He's correct there.

• 3:04Chuck Nice?

  He's right.

• 3:05Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Give the man some

• 3:06Chuck Nice?

  I'm gonna give him that. I'm gonna give him that.

• 3:08Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Starkle Street cred, go.

• 3:09Chuck Nice?

  But then, from there, he went from being nomadic to viruses.

• 3:16Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Are we a virus?

• 3:18Chuck Nice?

  I'm trying to figure out, like, is that because viruses spread and we came out of the Serengeti and spread all over the Earth? Is that, I guess that's what, you know?

• 3:28Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, yeah, yeah. So, so first of all, yes, there's a lot of evolutionary features we have for all the time we were human until we settled. And a lot of those features are just sort of dangling there within us without any way to manifest other than in weird ways.

• 3:51Chuck Nice?

  Mm-hmm.

• 3:51Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay? And so, you know, why else would we be intrigued by movie stars? Were it not for the fact that there was a day where the person who brought home the food was like the most important person in all the tribe. You want to have babies with that person. If you didn't, then you, your babies wouldn't be that person to have, to sustain the future of the tribe. So what is the modern version of that? Is the person bigger than life on a screen, even though they ain't bringing home the food, but we don't know how to react to that genetically other than by how we were honed on the Serengeti. That may explain why I want to have Keanu Reeves' baby.

• 4:32Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, so, so, there's leftover dangling features. Okay, so, I think we are not alone as a species to spread where we are. Okay?

• 4:46Chuck Nice?

  Right.

• 4:46Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, well, he said nomadic. If you're nomadic, you're here, then you go there.

• 4:49Chuck Nice?

  Yeah, right.

• 4:49Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Usually you do that when you run out of food here.

• 4:51Gary O'Reilly?

  Right.

• 4:51Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And you follow, you follow the herd. You follow the herd. And so, but, as, as an organism, we have one priority. And that's to reproduce ourselves. Our genetic code.

• 5:02Chuck Nice?

  That's the primary priority of any virus.

• 5:05Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Or, or any species.

• 5:06Chuck Nice?

  Any species.

• 5:07Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, if it didn't, they're not a species for very long.

• 5:09Chuck Nice?

  Right.

• 5:09Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Right? They go extinct fast. So, um, now, the virus part is, we infect places, kill it, and then move to another place, leaving behind a death and destruction.

• 5:22Chuck Nice?

  Then we're much worse than viruses.

• 5:24Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Why?

• 5:24Chuck Nice?

  Because the truly effective viruses, uh, evolved to a place where they know how to, uh, live parasitically.

• 5:34Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yes. From a host.

• 5:35Gary O'Reilly?

  They don't eliminate the host.

• 5:36Chuck Nice?

  Want to kill the host.

• 5:37Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, cuz if you kill the host.

• 5:38Chuck Nice?

  If you kill the host.

• 5:39Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Then you, there's no way to spread.

• 5:39Chuck Nice?

  There you go. Exactly.

• 5:41Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  That's right.

• 5:41Chuck Nice?

  You're killing the golden goose.

• 5:42Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Right, right.

• 5:43Chuck Nice?

  So that, by his, uh, estimation, we are far worse than a virus.

• 5:48Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay.

• 5:48Gary O'Reilly?

  But we're just not smart enough to realize that, yeah.

• 5:50Chuck Nice?

  There you go, daddy.

• 5:51Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  We're stupid viruses.

• 5:53Chuck Nice?

  We're stupid viruses.

• 5:54Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, sway. The panel has.

• 5:57Chuck Nice?

  There you go. We're dumbass viruses.

• 6:01Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  The panel concludes, yes, we are as bad as viruses, but worse. And plus, we don't even know we're a virus, so that makes us stupid.

• 6:09Chuck Nice?

  Yeah. Wait a minute, who said that? What, what's, oh, man.

• 6:12Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  What?

• 6:12Chuck Nice?

  What's the character's name, buddy? Mr. Anders.

• 6:15Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  No, no, of course, that's the, the Matrix.

• 6:17Chuck Nice?

  I know, but what's, what's his name?

• 6:19Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Mr. Smith.

• 6:19Chuck Nice?

  Mr. Smith.

• 6:20Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  He's a Smith.

• 6:21Chuck Nice?

  Yes, the Smith.

• 6:22Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay.

• 6:22Chuck Nice?

  Mr. Anderson. And he, he says to, uh.

• 6:26Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  No, he says it to Morpheus.

• 6:27Chuck Nice?

  Morpheus.

• 6:27Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, get your movie straight, dude. You're on Macho, and you can't remember the.

• 6:31Chuck Nice?

  Wait a minute, that is the right movie.

• 6:32Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  It is, but you didn't remember the name of the movie, or the character.

• 6:35Chuck Nice?

  I remember the name of the movie, I didn't remember the character's name.

• 6:37Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, all right, next up, who do we have?

• 6:39Gary O'Reilly?

  All right, so, staying with the theme of Hollywood.

• 6:41Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay.

• 6:42Gary O'Reilly?

  Uh, film director, Hollywood legend, Robert Reiner.

• 6:45Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Robert Reiner, yes.

• 6:46Chuck Nice?

  So I always, you know, we all wanna know where we go.

• 6:51Speaker 04

  After we pass away, you know, who knows, the heaven, hell, what happens? And I always thought, you know, Neil thinks of us as we're all part of the cosmos. So since we're all part of the cosmos, do we then go back into the cosmos? How does that work? Where are all our atoms and molecules? Where do they go?

• 7:14Chuck Nice?

  I hope to God that you answered him. Well, Rob, most of us go back to the cosmos, but you're going to hell.

• 7:21Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  No, that is not how I answered him. And I had to resist.

• 7:25Speaker 04

  That would have been awesome.

• 7:26Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  No, it would not have been.

• 7:27Speaker 04

  That would have been so awesome.

• 7:29Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, had that been a stupid question, I would have said, Meathead, what do you?

• 7:35Chuck Nice?

  All in the family.

• 7:36Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Archie Bunkers called him Meathead. That's that, that's this guy.

• 7:40Chuck Nice?

  He played the son-in-law.

• 7:41Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, there's a lot going on in that question. So first of all, nothing enters or exits the universe, it can transform. Okay, so I have spent my life dining upon flora and fauna to bring nourishment to my body.

• 7:56Speaker 04

  Correct.

• 7:57Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  In death, it is my choice to be buried so that flora and fauna can dine upon me.

• 8:03Speaker 04

  Hmm.

• 8:04Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Completing the great.

• 8:06Speaker 04

  Circle of life.

• 8:08Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Circle of life.

• 8:09Chuck Nice?

  Simba.

• 8:11Speaker 04

  The circle of life.

• 8:17Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Thank you, Mufasa. So, so that's my sort of angle on that. There are others who want to be cremated.

• 8:27Speaker 04

  Yay.

• 8:28Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And for me, I'd rather keep it the energy on earth. But if you want to be cremated, what happens is all the energy that's contained in your molecules. Because molecules, by their very existence, contain energy in the atomic bonds that connect them.

• 8:43Speaker 04

  Right.

• 8:44Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, this is why anything burns at all. You just say, oh, you're burning it. Where do you think the energy came for it to burn? Where do you think that comes from? You're breaking apart molecules, they're releasing energy, and they're exothermic. Okay, there it is. That's your chemistry term for it. Endothermic, you absorb it, and exothermic, it gives it out. So if you get cremated, your body turns to heat, you heat the air, the air rises through the chimney. That air then enters our atmosphere, and it radiates infrared into the atmosphere, radiating infrared back into space, moving at the speed of light. Infrared photons.

• 9:25Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, if you want to live forever in the universe, then you'd be cremated, and your photons will be traveling across the galaxy, and the universe ultimately. If you want to give back to the earth, then you'd be buried. And now they have these caskets with like seeds embedded, they're like, uh, earthen caskets. Biodegradable caskets. Yeah, but they're not just biodegradable. No, that's for things to come and eat. That's basically it. Yeah, you are, you are the snack. Yes. Yes, not just it degrades over time. Basically. They're actively. They're turning you into compost, is what they're doing. Actively tearing you up. So, so that's, that's what's going on in the, um, when, when we die.

• 10:08Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And your consciousness, we want to believe that that continues. If you don't upload it to a computer, these are just neurosynaptic firings in your brain, which we know go away when you go through a series of mini-strokes. You go through strokes, oh, now you don't know who you are, you can't speak the language, you, you have dementia. And to believe somehow that your actual consciousness is still there to be transported or transferred, when we know your brain just goes away. Right. Uh, that requires leaps of faith, that many people have, but not sort of atheistic scientists. Where do we land in terms of our soul? That's kind of important.

• 10:44Chuck Nice?

  That's part of the same consciousness question.

• 10:46Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  By the way, they tried to measure the soul, give someone to their credit, back 120 years ago, when, 130 years ago, when X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Röntgen, the German physicist, and where he saw the bones of his hand and his rings, and so the hard material, the bones and the metal, showed up on the photo. And he said, "Oh, my gosh." And had immediate medical applications, of course. So, so at the time, people said, "Wait a minute, if you can see through the body, maybe if we X-ray you while you're dying, we'll be able to watch something come out of your body."

• 11:21Chuck Nice?

  Oh.

• 11:21Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay?

• 11:22Chuck Nice?

  Don't want to be the volunteer for that. That's a serious experiment to volunteer for.

• 11:27Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, they brought it into the hospital, and they found nothing.

• 11:29Chuck Nice?

  Right, yeah. See now, as far as going out to the universe or going into the earth, my desire, and this is in my will, my instructions for what to do with me when I die, I want to be cremated, and then I want the ashes from my cremation.

• 11:49Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Which at that point contained no energy at all.

• 11:51Chuck Nice?

  No energy at all.

• 11:52Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Because all of that, people say, "These are my ashes, this is like the soot left over from the action that happened when it was burned." But go on.

• 12:00Chuck Nice?

  A part of it is you that's in there, and I want...

• 12:02Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Plus, I'm told they don't, they can't burn the bones, so there's some bone chips in there.

• 12:05Chuck Nice?

  There's some bone chips, yeah. But I don't want the bone chips, I just want the ashes, and I want you to take, I want the ashes taken to restaurants all around Manhattan, and just put little bits in pepper shakers all over the city, so that I can become a part of everybody in New York.

• 12:22Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  That is nasty.

• 12:24Chuck Nice?

  And that's not even true.

• 12:26Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, it's in your will, right, okay?

• 12:29Chuck Nice?

  I'm dead serious, I put it, I mean, nobody's gonna honor it, because it's against the law. What from, I found out that it's against the law.

• 12:37Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay.

• 12:38Chuck Nice?

  So, you really were planning to carry this out? I want that done.

• 12:41Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, no.

• 12:41Chuck Nice?

  Just a couple pins, not like a little pin. Not much, not much. Just a pin, so then you shake the pepper shaker up, and then I'm inside the...

• 12:49Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, I don't mean to brag, but all the restaurants I eat in have pepper mills.

• 12:53Chuck Nice?

  Oh, don't worry, we'll get to them. And they're not looking.

• 12:57Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Mine doesn't have pepper shaker, I don't know where you eat.

• 12:59Chuck Nice?

  That's just sliding, that means I just gotta slide a 20 to a waiter.

• 13:12Speaker 05

  I'm Nicholas Costella and I'm a proud supporter of StarTalk on Patreon. This is StarTalk with Neil deGrasse Tyson.

• 13:27Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  All right, who do you got up next?

• 13:28Gary O'Reilly?

  Okay, next up singer and TV celebrity Kelly Clarkson.

• 13:31Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Kelly Clarkson!

• 13:33Gary O'Reilly?

  America's sweetheart.

• 13:34Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  We all love Kelly Clarkson.

• 13:36Chuck Nice?

  Who doesn't?

• 13:36Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  I have a friend of my niece who declared that the last time Americans agreed on anything was at, was when she won

• 13:49Chuck Nice?

  American Idol.

• 13:50Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  American Idol.

• 13:52Chuck Nice?

  That may be, uh, that, I hate to say it, but that could be, that could be true.

• 13:56Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  America's been going downhill.

• 13:57Chuck Nice?

  Well, in that case, she just totally screwed us.

• 13:59Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Oh, that's...

• 14:01Chuck Nice?

  Doggone Kelly Clarkson. Usurping in the age of division.

• 14:06Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  What you got?

• 14:07Gary O'Reilly?

  That's a burden to put on the young lady, anyway.

• 14:09Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So I've been on her show several times. I, I was even in one of her music videos.

• 14:12Chuck Nice?

  Oh, wait a minute.

• 14:13Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah.

• 14:13Chuck Nice?

  This is new information.

• 14:14Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So you didn't know about this?

• 14:15Chuck Nice?

  Please do tell.

• 14:16Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  This, a music video was filmed around Columbus Circle when she was taping in the, then the Time Warner Center. And so I was invited to just be someone on the street as she skips by, right? So she was preloading the folks in the back rack, in the backdrop, and I was one of the people preloaded and...

• 14:35Gary O'Reilly?

  So when you say you, you were in her video, you were a walk-on.

• 14:37Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Oh, sorry!

• 14:38Gary O'Reilly?

  That's the only word. You were an extra and you're now bigging it up.

• 14:42Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Why you gotta play that? Why you gotta, let me feel big in the, in the show.

• 14:46Gary O'Reilly?

  She was an extra and all of a sudden he's lead man.

• 14:49Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, okay. So I've been on her show many times and so this is one of the times I managed to nab a question from her.

• 14:55Gary O'Reilly?

  It's interesting because she's got this question about what, a phenomenon that occurs here on earth, but she's wondering if it occurs elsewhere. Listen to what she has to say.

• 15:04Speaker 06

  Okay, so Neil, are there rainbows anywhere else in the universe? Do they exist?

• 15:12Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Ooh.

• 15:13Chuck Nice?

  Well, we all know that rainbows happen when unicorns fart. So, the real question is, are there unicorns?

• 15:21Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Wait, wait. I thought unicorns poop out ice cream. Multicolored ice cream. Like Neapolitan ice cream.

• 15:29Chuck Nice?

  I don't even know what to do with that, man.

• 15:32Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  I hadn't heard the fart one. That's between you two. I hadn't, I hadn't.

• 15:35Chuck Nice?

  No, a unicorn fart is rainbows. That's where rainbows come.

• 15:38Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Where did you, what nursery rhyme did you get this from?

• 15:41Chuck Nice?

  I mean, that's just science, Neil.

• 15:47Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, okay. Okay, alright, so, so a rainbow, okay, of course sunlight going through a raindrop and refracting into the raindrop and then dispersing as it comes out. So refract is just simply the bending of light. But light, when it goes from a lighter medium into a heavier medium, it actually disperses. So you go for white light and you know what happens? The different colors of light travel at different speeds in the medium. Since they travel at different speeds, they separate out. And the blue separates from the indigo, from the orange and the yellow and the green. They've all got their own lane. They got their own lane. Yeah.

• 16:32Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  They got their own lane. And so it refracts in, disperses, and those then come out. And if you have a wall of raindrops, okay, and with the sun oriented properly, basically behind, directly behind you, then you see a rainbow. If you can reproduce that anywhere in the universe, you will get a rainbow. So the question is, are there any planets that have rain? Rain or some other transparent liquid coming out of the sky?

• 17:00Chuck Nice?

  So how about when we're planets where there's liquid methane? And you have a methane rain, would you get the same?

• 17:06Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, that should, that should also give you a rainbow. Correct. And by the way, we also have moonbows. Okay, so this would be moonlight coming through, you've seen these.

• 17:15Gary O'Reilly?

  Yes.

• 17:16Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Uh, coming through. So, I'm, I'm thinking if moons make moonbows, then raindrops should be making sunbows.

• 17:23Gary O'Reilly?

  So I recently experienced a new kind of rainbow for me. I was up flying in a helicopter, and I'll have to add to this, um, didn't have any doors on it, which was proper scary for someone who's scared of heights. And I saw a circular rainbow beneath me. And that's the first time I didn't even know that they existed.

• 17:42Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Here are two facts, okay? All rainbows are complete circles. Fact number one.

• 17:48Gary O'Reilly?

  Okay.

• 17:48Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Fact number two, all rainbows are a series of rainbows, only occasionally do you ever get to see the second of them. Okay, there's the primary rainbow, which we all see when we see a rainbow. Then there's a second, there's a third, and a fourth, and they're dimmer and dimmer and dimmer. And typically in daylight, you don't notice them. Okay? So, not only that, wherever the rainbow is, you are in the exact line between that rainbow and the source of light creating it, such as the sun. Well, okay, when you're on the ground and it's raining and the sun is directly overhead, you would have a rainbow beneath your feet, but that's not where, that's not the configuration

• 18:33Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  of the optics for you. Okay? So, the sun has to be low enough for the top of the rainbow to then show up in the sky, then you say the rainbow's in the sky.

• 18:43Gary O'Reilly?

  Mm-hmm.

• 18:43Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  But if you're well above the whole thing.

• 18:46Gary O'Reilly?

  Yep, which we were.

• 18:47Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Then the, the sun is behind you, you're up above, the sun is behind you, and you can see the entire circle of the rainbow. Every single rainbow is exactly the same size.

• 18:54Gary O'Reilly?

  It's interesting, because the pilot, as much as he was a thrill seeker, said, right, you're gonna get a real rainbow experience coming up here now. So he saw the rain.

• 19:02Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Mm-hmm, and he, he, on purpose.

• 19:04Gary O'Reilly?

  He did exactly what he needed to do to give us that experience.

• 19:06Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  On purpose. Yeah, so what you didn't, maybe you didn't know to look for the second rainbow.

• 19:11Gary O'Reilly?

  No.

• 19:12Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Chuck, you remember, uh, early internet? There was this guy who was hiking and wherever.

• 19:16Gary O'Reilly?

  Double rainbow!

• 19:17Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  The double rainbow guy? Do you remember, remember that?

• 19:19Gary O'Reilly?

  Oh my god!

• 19:21Chuck Nice?

  It's a double rainbow.

• 19:23Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  That was the guy.

• 19:24Chuck Nice?

  Oh my god, I'm so high.

• 19:26Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  No, no, that, he had a basically religious experience.

• 19:28Chuck Nice?

  Yes, he was.

• 19:29Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  God, and he started tearing. You don't see him, you only hear him, but he's clearly.

• 19:33Chuck Nice?

  Well, he's taking the video, so that's what you're hearing.

• 19:35Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, yeah, he's prostrate, he's on the, he's, he's tearing up. He don't get out much, is what I'm thinking. And he says, what does this mean? And I had to, I'm sorry, I had to like reply to that. And I said, this is what happens to you if you've never had a class in physics.

• 19:53Chuck Nice?

  Yeah, well.

• 19:54Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  You see natural phenomena and think it's divine, when it's very nat, it's this, this is how rainbows work.

• 19:59Chuck Nice?

  He was also tripping balls on mushrooms.

• 20:01Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  I don't know.

• 20:04Chuck Nice?

  I'm dead serious. That's what came out later.

• 20:07Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  If you haven't seen it, I mean, it's now like internet archives, YouTube archives.

• 20:10Chuck Nice?

  It's worth.

• 20:11Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Double rainbow guy.

• 20:12Chuck Nice?

  Double rainbow guy, and he's always worth it.

• 20:14Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, it's, it's just physics, dude.

• 20:15Chuck Nice?

  But then it came out later, like he did an interview or something. He was like, I was out of my mind on mushrooms.

• 20:22Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Oh, really? Okay.

• 20:24Chuck Nice?

  Yeah.

• 20:24Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  All right.

• 20:25Chuck Nice?

  So, which is cool. I mean, I love it. I love it.

• 20:27Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, so, and they're all the same size, and every rainbow is unique to you?

• 20:34Chuck Nice?

  Especially when you make them with a garden hose, which is what we used to do as kids.

• 20:38Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay.

• 20:39Chuck Nice?

  You put the garden hose on shower, and then you turn it hose straight up, and you put the shower in the air, and then, it's gotta be a sunny day, of course, and you make a rainbow.

• 20:49Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  In my housing projects, we didn't have garden hoses.

• 20:52Chuck Nice?

  Why you gotta make me feel bad about my upbringing, man?

• 20:55Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  I'm just saying. We didn't have a backyard with an adjustable hose.

• 21:02Chuck Nice?

  I can't help my buzzy upbringing.

• 21:05Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  What kind of hood are you from?

• 21:09Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Here's how you do it. Go into your backyard.

• 21:13Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Near your jungle, Jim. And turn on the hose. Oh, God. The point is, each rainbow is an optics just for you. So every rainbow is exactly face on. You've never seen a rainbow at an angle to your sightline. Have you ever noticed that? I'd try to notice next time. I have. So because of that, if you walk towards a rainbow, it will move, because it's always the same angular size, it will move farther away from you until, until you're out, you are in the rain and it's not, and you can't see it. Okay? You can chase it out of the rain. And because it's always face on to you, and at the same distance to you, optically, that is the same angle, you can never go to the end of the rainbow.

• 21:56Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So Kelly, there's, wherever there is rain and sunshine, there's a rainbow. Okay, alright. Wherever in the universe that this occurs. Okay. So it might be a methane bow. Or a methane bow. Yeah, or ammonia bow. An ammonia bow? Yeah, yeah. That's cool. Ammonia is a liquid and a lot of overlapping a temperature range as water. Exactly. So, and ammonia doesn't have rare ingredients. It's nitrogen and hydrogen, NH3.

• 22:24Gary O'Reilly?

  Is it gonna give us the similar colorways we get in Earth's rainbows? Or is it gonna skew differently?

• 22:31Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  No, it depends on what the color source is. So if it's our sun, it's going in there with Roy G. Biv. Right, white light. Right, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. You got it. Good one, Kelly. Oh, okay.

• 22:44Gary O'Reilly?

  Right, so next up, actor comedian Dax Shepard has a question.

• 22:47Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Dax Shepard?

• 22:48Gary O'Reilly?

  Yeah, so Dax is kind of like, not quite remembering an explanation you gave to him about aerodynamics, so he's reaching out for another one.

• 22:56Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So Dax is married to Kristen Bell. Right, right. So I met her once at Comic Con, and I met him later. And I was on his podcast in his, like, garage apartment in his backyard in Los Angeles. Nice! Yeah, so I said, I got, you know, if I'm gonna be on his podcast, he gotta give me a question for my shelf.

• 23:15Gary O'Reilly?

  Do you have a hose with variable setting?

• 23:18Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  It was near the swimming pool, yes. And his swimming pool wasn't as big as Chuck's swimming pool in his backyard. Give it to me. Dax Shepard.

• 23:25Gary O'Reilly?

  Dax Shepard, here we go.

• 23:27Speaker 07

  Okay, Neil, I have a question. It's about lift. Now, I said the other day on the show that lift's caused by the shape of the wing being longer on the top than the bottom, or vice versa, that the air splits and travels faster, so that makes it lighter. And then people said, "I don't think you have that right." So, I want to know, how does lift work?

• 23:52Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Just to be clear, it matters more that an airplane wing is a wing than what its precise shape is in cross-section. Because a plane, if it moves at the proper angle, upwards with its nose up, the air coming at it will just lift it, okay? Just regardless of the shape.

• 24:10Gary O'Reilly?

  I'm thinking about the old biplanes, how they used to have that angle in rest.

• 24:15Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, right, right. The plane horizontal, the good memory there, yeah, from those photos. The horizontally parked plane, the wings are pitched upwards, okay? So, and it's how, I saw this done once, probably other planes can do it. The F-16 fighter jet can actually fly upside down, okay? And all you have to do is make sure that its angle into the wind, you're Tom Cruise, or that its angle into the wind gives enough lift to the bottom of the plane. So, you get lift for free just doing that. All right. In addition, you have this Bernoulli effect, okay? We have a mass of air, the wing splits the air,

• 24:59Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  and the air going above the curved top travels faster than the air on the bottom to catch up with what was on the bottom. And if you have faster-moving air, there's less pressure there. And I can do that.

• 25:13Gary O'Reilly?

  All right, here we go. Oh, I know where you're going.

• 25:15Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  It's this experiment here, where I just have a ribbon of paper, and I can blow across the top of it, that'll be faster-moving air than what's on the bottom.

• 25:25Chuck Nice?

  And the bottom lifts up.

• 25:26Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And when I do that, the bottom just lifts it straight up.

• 25:27Chuck Nice?

  Yeah.

• 25:28Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So it's the speed of the air. So, there's still some debate about the relative um, value of each of those contributing to the total lift of the plane. I've seen people argue about this. But I can tell you that both play a role. And if you sit over the wing when the plane is either taking off or landing, it wants the maximum lift it possibly can, can have. Because it's not, it's not going 500 miles an hour yet.

• 25:59Chuck Nice?

  Right, yeah.

• 25:59Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay? So at whatever speed with all the, with your fat ass on the thing and everybody's luggage, it needs as much lift as it can. So, the wing on takeoff and on landing is as large as possible. The wing extends the flaps.

• 26:12Chuck Nice?

  Oh.

• 26:13Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And then take a look next time.

• 26:14Chuck Nice?

  Yeah, yeah, for sure.

• 26:14Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay? It extends it, gives it more lift than it otherwise would have. And then as it approaches speed, the wing shrinks back.

• 26:22Chuck Nice?

  Right.

• 26:22Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And so...

• 26:23Chuck Nice?

  Same thing with the F-16. Uh, that's the F-15.

• 26:27Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  No, no, any of the supersonic planes.

• 26:28Chuck Nice?

  Yeah, they all, they all...

• 26:30Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  When they go supersonic, they reduce the area that they don't need. They don't need it because they're going so fast.

• 26:35Gary O'Reilly?

  What's with the nose? With the supersonic?

• 26:37Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Oh, no, no, you're talking about...

• 26:38Chuck Nice?

  That's the SST.

• 26:38Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  No, you're talking about, you're talking about the Concorde. No, the nose is because the nose is so long, the pilot can't see the runway.

• 26:45Gary O'Reilly?

  Oh, okay.

• 26:46Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  That's the only reason for that. So the nose goes down so we can see where the hell it's going. Also, on the bigger jets, in the back of the plane, do you see it angles up to the tail? Have you ever seen that?

• 26:54Gary O'Reilly?

  Yes.

• 26:54Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  You know what that angle is? It has to be there because when it takes off...

• 26:59Chuck Nice?

  You don't want to drag the plane along.

• 27:00Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  You don't want to drag the bottom of the back of the plane. It has to clear the runway when it angles to increase the lift to go up.

• 27:07Gary O'Reilly?

  When you say the pilot says, "Get the hell, get the nose the hell out of the way", I want, I want him to do it in that pilot voice. Because they go to pilot school. To learn how to do the pilot voice.

• 27:17Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, I went to planetarium school and it... "You get to talk like this in the dome of a planetarium. Welcome to the universe." That's planetarium school.

• 27:27Gary O'Reilly?

  I know, but it's the same thing. "Today I'm your captain." And he's got this calming reassuring.

• 27:31Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, yeah, very calm, even though like you're about to fly into the side of a mountain.

• 27:34Chuck Nice?

  They all sound the same. Just like, like when you turn on NPR and all the people, no matter what NPR, they all sound the same. That's what the pilots are, you know?

• 27:43Gary O'Reilly?

  Yeah, okay, right.

• 27:56Gary O'Reilly?

  Next up, um, oh gosh, yes. Another actor, star of Curb Your Enthusiasm, JB Smoove.

• 28:04Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  JB Smoove, JB!

• 28:07Gary O'Reilly?

  He's curiosity-

• 28:08Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, I first met him at, he had a, uh, it was a dinner, and I forgot the name of his show. It was like, you'd have dinner with him-

• 28:16Chuck Nice?

  Five guys around the table, yeah.

• 28:17Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Around a table. It was a real food. There were cameras everywhere. And, first time I met Jerry Cooney.

• 28:24Gary O'Reilly?

  Okay.

• 28:24Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  By the way, the boxer.

• 28:25Gary O'Reilly?

  The boxer.

• 28:25Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  I remember when he was active. I didn't know who he was at the table. I kinda recognized him, but I kinda didn't.

• 28:30Chuck Nice?

  Let me tell you something, as many times as he'd been up, he didn't know who he was.

• 28:33Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Stop! Yeah, my boy's been, he'd been pummeled by a lot of folk in the past. So, I do not have small hands.

• 28:41Gary O'Reilly?

  Yes, I know that, I know, yeah.

• 28:42Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, I don't have small hands.

• 28:44Gary O'Reilly?

  No.

• 28:44Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So, so I'm accustomed to what other hands feel like when I shake them. I shook this man's hand, my hand, I felt like, like-

• 28:51Gary O'Reilly?

  Child's hand?

• 28:52Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Like I had child's hand, and I said, "Who is this guy?"

• 28:54Chuck Nice?

  Yeah.

• 28:55Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And that was reminded, he was Jerry Cooney.

• 28:56Chuck Nice?

  Those giant meat hooks that he has.

• 28:58Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Meat hook hands. So, he was at the table, and JB Smoove was there, and we just chilled. And, so, so then, then, I had a cameo on Kevin Hart's House Husbands of Hollywood.

• 29:12Chuck Nice?

  Real House Husbands, yeah.

• 29:13Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Real House of Hollywood.

• 29:14Chuck Nice?

  Yeah.

• 29:15Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  I had a cameo, and he, I think he's a regular, and so I bumped into him in the, in the, in the make, hair and makeup. And he's still got someone working on his head, he's still got the smock on, whatever you call it when you're there. And I said, "I gotta get, I gotta get a question from him." So, here, so here it is.

• 29:30Gary O'Reilly?

  Yeah.

• 29:32Speaker 08

  Hey Neil, it's the guy JB Smoove. You know me, man, I'm always full of questions, man. I'm also a world traveler. You know, in my mind, I'm also a space traveler. I've been everywhere, all the planets, the Milky Way, all that good stuff. You know, I should've been on Mars right now, with that damn rover, the space rover. I could've been driving that thing around. Anyway, here's my question. I saw a movie, I was turning channels the other day, and I saw Superman, right? And Lois Lane had died, and, and the man went around Earth counterclockwise, I think. A, a, I mean, a hundred times in a row. Zoom, zoom, zoom, zoom, zoom, zoom, zoom, zoom, Neil!

• 30:13Speaker 08

  Is it possible for anything who can break the sound barrier to go reverse of the Earth's rotation and change time and go back and save a life? I need to know, Neil. Neil, sick, that can't be. Cosmic minds want to know.

• 30:36Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  That wasn't so much a question as a distress flare. It was a distress call. Help me.

• 30:44Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, that's an iconic scene in the original Superman the movie. Right. And that was 1970 something, eight maybe, I don't know. That'd be Christopher Reeves. Christopher Reeves, yeah, we've done several of them, but that was the first one. Yeah, whenever that was, it might have been a couple of years earlier, but anyhow, in that film, Lois Lane dies and she's a love interest of his. Yeah. And he's very upset and he decides to change the direction of time. Right. Okay, so he gets up and flies backwards around the Earth's direction of rotation. Apparently that creates enough sort of friction, I guess. Right. Between his force field and Earth's that Earth slows down, stops and reverses. Yeah. Okay? Yeah.

• 31:29Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Then he goes back to before Lois Lane dies, but now he has to jumpstart Earth again because that's how he left it, but now he starts it at an earlier moment in time. So he does this, then reverses, okay? Now it's earlier than Lois Lane dies, he goes back, saves Lois Lane, and there it is. I, I think that that is definitely doable. You think so? Oh, God, yes. Yeah. That has to be. Okay.

• 31:57Gary O'Reilly?

  And I have to say, not a chance.

• 31:59Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, let's assume. It's gotta be. Let's assume it is doable, which it isn't, but let's assume it is. It is. If, if you stop the rotation of the Earth. Right. Anything not seat belted to the solid Earth. Right. Will slide due east at 800 miles an hour. A thousand miles at the equator, 800 miles where we are, a little slower near Santa Claus. The entire-

• 32:27Chuck Nice?

  Alright, so there's a hiccup.

• 32:29Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, the entire North and South Atlantic Ocean will wash onto Europe and Africa. The entire Pacific Ocean will wash onto North and South America. And that act would have killed billions of people.

• 32:44Chuck Nice?

  All worth it for Lois Lane.

• 32:47Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Cause she's such a charmer.

• 32:48Chuck Nice?

  Oh, worth it for Lois Lane, buddy.

• 32:50Gary O'Reilly?

  There's a surf, there's a surf event. Proper surf event for that.

• 32:55Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So he would have killed billions.

• 32:57Chuck Nice?

  Yeah.

• 32:57Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, yeah, so that's first of all. Second, the flow of time on Earth is unrelated to what direction we happen to rotate.

• 33:04Chuck Nice?

  Yeah.

• 33:04Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah.

• 33:04Chuck Nice?

  Aren't there planets that rotate in a different direction?

• 33:07Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Venus among them, right.

• 33:08Chuck Nice?

  Exactly.

• 33:08Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So the rotation direction, do other people think if you stop, rotation will all float? Right? No, this, this, people need to do some physics.

• 33:16Chuck Nice?

  They think the rotation of the Earth is actually sticking us to the Earth because of centrifugal force.

• 33:22Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, in fact, it's the opposite. If you're at the equator, the spinning of the Earth makes you a little lighter.

• 33:25Chuck Nice?

  That's right.

• 33:25Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Cause it wants to fling you off. You're a few ounces lighter on the equator than you are at higher altitude.

• 33:29Gary O'Reilly?

  If it's just a few ounces.

• 33:31Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  You weigh less, but you'll still be as fat as you were. Just all that fat together will show up less on the scale. That's all. You will look exactly the same.

• 33:39Chuck Nice?

  Exactly.

• 33:40Gary O'Reilly?

  Why ruin that thought now?

• 33:42Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, but he's Superman, and so-

• 33:44Chuck Nice?

  Yeah.

• 33:44Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  We'll give him a cut.

• 33:46Chuck Nice?

  You give him a break.

• 33:47Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  I'll give him a hall pass on that one.

• 33:48Gary O'Reilly?

  It's a memorable scene.

• 33:50Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  It was very memorable. Among, it was inventive for, for, for movie, and it was using special effects of 1978.

• 33:57Chuck Nice?

  Nobody had even considered at that point, so.

• 33:59Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  In its day.

• 34:00Chuck Nice?

  Yeah.

• 34:00Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And, we gotta end here, but let me just say that I've met Superman.

• 34:05Chuck Nice?

  Oh, really?

• 34:05Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Did you know I've met Superman?

• 34:06Gary O'Reilly?

  Who now?

• 34:10Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Now, your next question is supposed to be what?

• 34:12Chuck Nice?

  How did you meet Superman?

• 34:13Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  No, no.

• 34:14Gary O'Reilly?

  Which one?

• 34:15Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Which Superman?

• 34:15Chuck Nice?

  Oh, which Superman?

• 34:16Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, no, no.

• 34:17Chuck Nice?

  See, there's only one Superman.

• 34:18Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  And that's the one I met.

• 34:20Gary O'Reilly?

  There you go.

• 34:20Chuck Nice?

  Okay. So that's the real Superman.

• 34:23Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  I met the real Superman.

• 34:24Chuck Nice?

  That's the guy in the comics.

• 34:25Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  In the comics. I am in-

• 34:27Chuck Nice?

  The rest of them are all pale imitations.

• 34:29Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  I am in Action Comics 14.

• 34:31Chuck Nice?

  Yes.

• 34:32Gary O'Reilly?

  In a telephone booth?

• 34:33Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  In- So Superman visits the Hayden Planetarium. He comes to my place here. And we talk about, I won't, I won't give away the story.

• 34:44Chuck Nice?

  That'd be so funny if you came out as his arch nemesis, Black Science. Black Science Man.

• 34:53Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Wait, just, I think I have a copy of it. Hold on here, hold on.

• 34:56Chuck Nice?

  So you have it.

• 34:56Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  So I have in my hands.

• 34:58Chuck Nice?

  Ooh.

• 34:59Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  This is Action Comics 14, okay? And this is Superman.

• 35:04Chuck Nice?

  Why don't you keep that in a plastic sleeve? What, what, you're supposed to keep it in a plastic sleeve?

• 35:09Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Maybe I have more than one of these.

• 35:10Chuck Nice?

  Oh.

• 35:11Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Okay, because I'm in it. This is not the last one that exists in the universe in a plastic sleeve. So one of the stories, he comes to the planetarium so that we can bring together all of our electronics and our computers to witness in the sky the destruction of Krypton.

• 35:28Chuck Nice?

  Oh, Superman.

• 35:28Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Because that light was just then reaching Earth. And so.

• 35:35Chuck Nice?

  Superman's a little morbid, huh?

• 35:36Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, yeah. So here's the Rose Center for Earth and Space, right there. And he comes to visit and there it is.

• 35:48Chuck Nice?

  Can I see? I want to do a dramatic reading.

• 35:50Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  You want to do a?

• 35:51Chuck Nice?

  All right, I'm doing a quick dramatic reading.

• 35:53Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Quick dramatic reading, okay.

• 35:54Chuck Nice?

  All right, here we go. There's your man who's funny pest on on the other page. Okay, what? Okay, here we go, here it goes. Is this Neil? Okay, no, he, uh, yeah, so, well, it starts over here. All right. He says, "Thank you, Lisa, but our guest is busy a man, is a busy man. Let him do what he came here to do." "Dr. Tyson!" That was Superman. Okay. He sounds excited. Mm-hmm. "Tonight of all night, Superman, please, call me Neil."

• 36:25Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  That is awesome.

• 36:27Chuck Nice?

  That's awesome. And then Neil, oh my God, look how much they made Neil look like Billy Dee Williams. That's amazing. This is great. Okay, so then they walk over to a control room and Superman is being escorted by Neil. And he says, "We've arranged something special tonight. Usually, when you visit, the best we can do is draw inferences from the fluctuations in starlight from stars in the Corvus constellation. But this time, data from telescopes all over the world are being fed right here." And then Superman says, "All over? That must have been huge."

• 37:09Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Was he 10?

• 37:10Chuck Nice?

  Was he 10? I'm telling you. That's what people don't know. That's how the real Superman in the comics, that's how he talks. That's what makes him even more super than Superman. Because when you talk, when he shows up, he's like, you know, he's just like, "Hey, is everything okay, guys?" Okay.

• 37:27Chuck Nice?

  Okay. So then, and then Neil says, "Please, after all you've done for the world, the whole astrophysics community felt it was the least that they could do." And then Superman goes, "I, I, oh geez, thanks."

• 37:53Chuck Nice?

  So, so when they called me up and they said, "Can we..." They first wanted permission to film here.

• 37:58Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Right.

• 37:59Chuck Nice?

  And then they called me back and said, "Can we portray you?" And what am I gonna say, "No" to that? You don't, that's not a "no." That's not a "no" question, right? So anyway, so I have actually met Superman and this was a...

• 38:09Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  That's super cool.

• 38:10Chuck Nice?

  Yeah.

• 38:11Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  All right.

• 38:11Chuck Nice?

  All right, dude, that's all we had time for. We had more, though, right?

• 38:13Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  We do. We gotta do it again.

• 38:15Chuck Nice?

  We'll do this again.

• 38:15Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Just gotta do it again.

• 38:16Chuck Nice?

  Totally do this again. Anyway, so this has been StarTalk Special Edition, of course, with Gary and Chuck. Thanks for doing this.

• 38:23Neil deGrasse Tyson?

  Yeah, it was great.

• 38:24Chuck Nice?

  I enjoy this format. And until next time, this is Neil deGrasse Tyson. Keep looking up.