SERIAL KILLER: The Night Stalker Pt. 1

Richard Ramirez, "The Night Stalker," wasn’t born a killer, but his path was paved with trauma, violence, and a dark obsession. In Part 1, we explore Ramirez’s disturbing childhood in El Paso, his fascination with Satanism, and the twisted influences that turned him into one of California’s most feared serial killers. Killer Minds is a Crime House Original Podcast, powered by PAVE Studios. Listen wherever you get your podcasts. For ad-free listening and early access to episodes, subscribe to Crime House+ on Apple Podcasts. Don’t miss out on all things Killer Minds! Instagram: @killerminds https://www.instagram.com/killerminds/ | @Crimehouse https://www.instagram.com/crimehouse/ TikTok: @Crimehouse https://www.tiktok.com/@crimehouse Facebook: @crimehousestudios https://www.facebook.com/crimehousestudios X: @crimehousemedia https://x.com/crimehousemedia YouTube: @crimehousestudios https://www.youtube.com/@crimehousestudios

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:01Vanessa Richardson?

  Hi, everyone. Before today's episode, there's another show I want to tell you about. It's called What the Fact with Connor Tomlinson from Netflix's Love on the Spectrum and Carter Roy. Every week, they take three unbelievable true facts from history and tell you the full story behind them. Plus, Connor's infectious energy that'll make you realize history is the most fascinating thing on earth. Follow What the Fact wherever you listen, or subscribe on YouTube at What the Fact Pod.

• 0:37Speaker 01

  This is Crime House.

• 0:42Vanessa Richardson?

  When we feel lost, it can be comforting to seek the guidance of a higher power. Spirituality can give us a sense of purpose, a feeling of deeper meaning. Richard Ramirez certainly felt that way. After a youth filled with abuse, he was desperate to understand his place in the universe, to find something worth believing in. But Richard wasn't interested in going to church. He'd done enough of that, and it hadn't done him any good. So instead of looking to the heavens for answers, he turned to hell.

• 1:29Vanessa Richardson?

  The human mind is powerful. It shapes how we think, feel, love, and hate. But sometimes it drives people to commit the unthinkable. This is Killer Minds, a Crime House original. I'm Vanessa Richardson.

• 1:44Tristin Engels?

  And I'm Dr. Tristin Engels. Every Monday and Thursday, we uncover the darkest minds in history, analyzing what makes a killer.

• 1:52Vanessa Richardson?

  Crime House is made possible by you. Please rate, review, and follow Killer Minds. To enhance your listening experience with ad-free, early access to each two-part series and bonus content, subscribe to Crime House Plus on Apple Podcasts. A warning: This episode contains depictions of sexual assault and knife-and-gun violence. Listener discretion is advised. Today, we begin our deep dive on serial killer Richard Ramirez. After a childhood full of violence and trauma, Richard was consumed by darkness. Fueled by an obsession with Satan, he went on a sadistic killing spree throughout California in 1984 and 1985.

• 2:37Vanessa Richardson?

  His brutal crimes and penchant for attacking his victims under the cover of darkness earned him the nickname "The Night Stalker."

• 2:45Tristin Engels?

  As Vanessa goes through the story, I'll be talking about things like the effects of head trauma on a young, developing mind, whether exposure to violent media can lead to violent acts, and the line between faith and delusion.

• 2:59Vanessa Richardson?

  And as always, we'll be asking the question, "What makes a killer?"

• 3:07Vanessa Richardson?

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• 3:51Vanessa Richardson?

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• 5:24Vanessa Richardson?

  From a young age, religion played a major role in Ricardo "Richard" Ramirez's life. He was born in El Paso, Texas, on February 29, 1960, to Mercedes and Julián Ramírez, who were both Mexican immigrants and devout Catholics. Richard and his four older siblings were raised in the shadow of the church as well. But that didn't mean the home was peaceful. Julián expected a lot out of his kids and would often beat his children whenever they rebelled, which was often. Richard's older brothers were constantly in trouble with the police. As punishment, Julián would physically abuse them while the rest of the family hid or prayed,

• 6:07Vanessa Richardson?

  and no amount of begging could make him stop. Richard didn't escape Julián's wrath either. By all accounts, he was a quiet, gentle boy who loved music. But even the slightest infraction, like hanging out with the wrong friends, found him on the receiving end of Julián's attacks. It didn't seem like Julián enjoyed the beatings, though. In fact, he punished himself for hurting his children. Once, after beating the boys, Richard reportedly saw his father smash himself in the head with a hammer.

• 6:41Vanessa Richardson?

  And the violence in Richard's daily life wasn't confined to his house. At school, he would play rowdy, intense games at recess and frequently returned home with bumps and bruises. He received at least two concussions throughout his childhood, one of them when he was only two years old. Emotionally, Richard seemed to be anxious and restless, and when he was 10 years old, he started having seizures. His mom took him to multiple doctors, but none of them seemed concerned. They said Richard would grow out of it. He didn't. The seizures continued, turning a once-sweet child into a depressed, paranoid pre-teen who exhibited progressively alarming behavior.

• 7:26Vanessa Richardson?

  He'd often stare into space for extended periods of time, and when the family watched television, Richard would sometimes jump out of his chair and scream that the monsters from the TV were trying to get him. He also started experiencing memory blackouts.

• 7:44Tristin Engels?

  So there are a lot of risk factors here already, including a possible family history of mental illness. His father's abuse, including hitting himself in the head with a hammer, is truly significant for that. But let's start with the head injuries. We know from research that early head trauma, especially repeated ones, can disrupt the development of the prefrontal cortex, which is the area of the brain responsible for impulse control, decision-making, and emotional regulation. Seizures, especially if they're untreated, can cause disorientation, paranoia, emotional dysregulation, and even hallucinations in some people. His seizures could be post-traumatic, meaning they're a result of these head injuries. But again, there are also a number of reasons a child can develop seizures, and there are

• 8:28Tristin Engels?

  a number of different types of seizures. To really know how this affected him, we would need to know the type of seizures he had and where they were located in the brain. There are even psychogenic seizures. They're non-epileptic and they're not caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain, but rather thought to be from psychological distress. And from what you described, there was certainly a lot of physical and emotional abuse and distress happening in that home. Chronic exposure to stress during childhood, particularly in the context of violence, neglect, or instability, can have significant effects on neurodevelopment. The developing brain is highly plastic, meaning it's adaptable and it's shaped by environmental input. And when that environment is chaotic or threatening, the brain begins to adapt for

• 9:12Tristin Engels?

  survival, rather than adapting long-term emotional regulation or cognitive growth. And prolonged exposure to stress like this means prolonged exposure to cortisol and other stress hormones, and this can also disrupt the structural or functional development of the amygdala, which is the emotional center of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, and the hippocampus, which is essentially for memory and contextual learning. Richard had a number of concerning environmental, psychological, and biological risk factors, all showing themselves before the age of 10.

• 9:44Vanessa Richardson?

  Well, Richard's behavioral issues followed him to school, where he became socially isolated. He was rejected from the middle school football team due to his blackouts, and this caused him to shy away from people and spend a lot of his time alone. Richard did have at least one friend, though: his older cousin, Miguel. Miguel was in his 20s, and on paper, he seemed like a great role model for Richard. He'd served two tours in Vietnam and was considered a war hero, someone to look up to. But in reality, Miguel was the last person Richard should have been hanging out with. He introduced his younger cousin to marijuana and would get Richard high while regaling him with horrific war stories.

• 10:27Vanessa Richardson?

  Miguel loved to talk about mutilating enemy soldiers and wearing their body parts on necklaces, along with forcing women to perform sexual acts. Miguel's stories not only justified physical and sexual violence, they normalized it for Richard, and without anyone to tell him differently, these actions became something to aspire to.

• 10:50Tristin Engels?

  So when we talk about grooming, most people associate it with sexual offenses. But the reality is, it's not exclusive to that. At its core, grooming is a process of gradual manipulation, where someone in a position of power or influence conditions a more vulnerable person to accept harmful, exploitative, or dangerous behavior as normal. Grooming is how gangs recruit members, for example. They target young and vulnerable kids, and it's not for sexual reasons. Similarly, Miguel seemed to be grooming Richard into a worldview, and that was one that glorified violence, misogyny, and domination. And because of Miguel's history, he might be simply gaining some sense of personal power from this. Regardless, this kind of grooming

• 11:34Tristin Engels?

  is especially destructive during early adolescence, which is when Richard was most heavily influenced by Miguel. Teenagers are trying to figure out who they are and what's right and wrong, and they look to older figures, often within the family, to guide that process. So his time with Miguel was teaching him, like you said, that substance use and violence were not just social norms, but sort of rites of passage, almost. And if he struggles to make friends, this will be the framework he will have to socially connect with others also. The long-term effects of this kind of grooming are significant, especially when we consider the neurodevelopmental risk factors we already outlined. It can distort empathy. It can flatten a child's sense of consequence, and it can hardwire the belief that domination equals respect.

• 12:19Tristin Engels?

  And for Richard, it was a blueprint, not just for how to act, but for how to think. How is this grooming similar or different to brainwashing? Very good question. They definitely have overlap. For starters, they both involve power imbalances. They're both typically gradual processes that involve isolation and cause a person to internalize harmful beliefs. But they differ in their intent. So grooming is meant to gain trust, and brainwashing attempts to forcibly alter beliefs or ideologies. Grooming uses emotional closeness, whereas brainwashing uses fear and coercive control. Groomers often see themselves as bonding or teaching their victim, whereas brainwashers seek total control over everything,

• 13:04Tristin Engels?

  including the conversation. Brainwashers try to break someone psychologically to gain that control. And, incidentally, brainwashing often begins with some form of grooming first.

• 13:17Vanessa Richardson?

  Well, Richard didn't stay under Miguel's influence for too long. The two of them parted ways on May 4, 1973, when Richard was 13. That day, Miguel and his wife Jessie got into a loud disagreement while Richard was over. Richard later said he couldn't recall what the argument was about, but he remembered that, for some reason, Miguel kept a .38 caliber pistol in the refrigerator. At some point during the fight, Miguel calmly took out the gun and pointed it at Jessie. She called his bluff and told him to shoot her, and he did. Jessie died in the attack, and Miguel went to prison for her murder.

• 13:59Vanessa Richardson?

  Being free from Miguel's influence should have been a good thing for Richard, but without his cousin around, he was more vulnerable than ever. To cope with his loneliness, Richard graduated from marijuana to harder drugs like LSD. He also dabbled in new spiritual principles like Satanism and the occult, which he thought condoned the sexual and violent acts Miguel told him about. And when Richard did find someone else to hang out with, this new friendship wasn't any better. He started spending a lot of time with his sister's new husband. But Richard's brother-in-law was hardly a good influence. The two of them liked to prowl the streets together after dark and peep into women's windows.

• 14:42Tristin Engels?

  So it sounds like they're engaging in the act of voyeurism. And when it becomes compulsive, persistent, and sexually gratifying, it can be clinically diagnosed. Children learn how to critically think, respect boundaries, understand pro-social behavior, and problem solve through the observation, modeling, and guidance of their caregivers. And once again, we see Richard learning antisocial behavior through imitation and reinforcement.

• 15:07Tristin Engels?

  And in someone already conditioned to equate power with harm, thanks to both his parents and Miguel, voyeurism likely didn't feel perverse to Richard. It probably felt affirming because it let him rehearse domination without direct confrontation, which is often how violent sexual offenders begin. And this became gratifying for him in a few ways. One, it gave him a sense of control and power to watch someone without their knowledge, which was appealing because Richard felt powerless for most of his life. Second, Richard has social deficits and struggles with emotionally connecting with others. Voyeurism bypasses emotional connection and it replaces it with domination through observation, like I mentioned, but also providing him with some kind of sense of arousal.

• 15:51Tristin Engels?

  And in clinical and forensic settings, we often see voyeurism as part of a behavioral escalation because it starts with watching, then fantasizing, and then breaking boundaries. And in some individuals, it evolves into physical contact, assault, or even worse. And when you combine that with hallucinogen use, LSD, and satanic ideology and unresolved trauma, that escalates the risk for future violence. And what makes voyeurism so dangerous in individuals like Richard is it's not just about looking, it's about priming. And he is psychologically rehearsing the next step, whether he's consciously aware of it or not yet.

• 16:30Vanessa Richardson?

  Well, between Richard's exploration of Satanism, his drug use, and his after dark activities, he wasn't exactly focused on school. By the time he was in ninth grade, he dropped out and found a maintenance job at a local Holiday Inn. The job made Richard more financially independent, but it did not keep him out of trouble. There were always pretty women coming in and out of the hotel, and Richard felt compelled to spy on them while they were in their rooms. He began fantasizing about the women he watched, and some of these delusions involved sexual violence.

• 17:06Tristin Engels?

  So it's no coincidence that he was working at a hotel. Predatory individuals are often opportunistic. They seek out environments that give them access to potential victims and anonymity. A hotel provides that. It's a space where people are transient, routines are disrupted, and boundaries are blurred. And for someone like Richard, it was the perfect hunting ground disguised as a job.

• 17:28Vanessa Richardson?

  Well, eventually, Richard decided he was going to act on those impulses. In 1974, when Richard was 14, he saw a woman in her twenties check into the hotel. Later that night, he followed her to her room and broke in while she was in the shower. When she came out of the bathroom, he wrestled her to the ground, tied her up, and took her clothes off. But just as he was about to assault her, the woman's husband came into the room. Before Richard could run, the husband beat him into submission before calling the police. When the authorities arrived, Richard had to be rushed to the hospital because his wounds were so severe. After that, he was put in jail.

• 18:10Vanessa Richardson?

  But he was still in such bad shape that when his mom and sister came to pick him up, they hardly recognized him. Richard told them it was all a misunderstanding. He claimed the young woman had invited him into the room to have sex. Her husband had just caught them in the act and gotten angry. Richard's mom and sister seemed to buy his story. They took him home and nursed him back to health. And the couple that Richard attacked left town. It seems like they weren't interested in pressing charges. Richard learned all the wrong lessons from the experience. Instead of changing his ways, he doubled down on them. And things only got worse by late 1977, when Richard was 17.

• 18:53Vanessa Richardson?

  Around that time, his cousin Miguel was released from prison, and they resumed their problematic friendship. Miguel was just as bad an influence as before. He taught Richard about survival skills and stealth tactics, including how to break into homes without being caught. Using Miguel's teachings, Richard started stealing from houses in El Paso. Over the next two years, he earned a reputation in the local underworld as someone who could and would steal anything. And it wasn't long before Richard started dreaming bigger. In 1978, right after he turned 18, he got on a bus bound for Los Angeles.

• 19:37Vanessa Richardson?

  Richard's older brother already lived in LA, and he told Richard how the city was full of beautiful women and wealthy homes. Richard thought it was the kind of place where he'd have the freedom to indulge his every desire. It was there, in the city of angels, that he would fully embrace his demons.

• 20:03Vanessa Richardson?

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• 21:22Speaker 01

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• 22:38Vanessa Richardson?

  When Richard Ramirez turned 18 in 1978, he left his hometown of El Paso and moved to California looking for a fresh start. When he stepped off a Greyhound bus in Los Angeles, he was greeted with bright lights and endless blue skies. Here, he could be anyone he wanted to be, and what he wanted to be was a criminal. After arriving in LA, Richard spent the next few years stealing and doing cocaine, which, combined with poor hygiene, caused his teeth to decay quite severely. He also occupied his time with studying the Satanic Bible. In his mind, Satanism gave him permission to indulge in the chaos and violence he'd

• 23:23Vanessa Richardson?

  been fantasizing about since he became a teenager.

• 23:27Tristin Engels?

  When we talk about Satanism in the context of Richard, his interpretation of it wasn't about theology, it was about permission. Cult violence, whether it's under the guise of Satanism, extremist ideology, or distorted spirituality, tends to appeal to individuals who feel powerless, rejected, or outside the bounds of mainstream society. In cult-related or ideologically motivated violence, the belief system becomes a justification for pre-existing rage, impulse, and deviance. Someone like Richard, who grew up with brain trauma, exposure to sexual violence, chronic instability, and no healthy model for empathy, is particularly susceptible to this kind of ideology. Satanism, at least the version he clung to, reframed his fantasies as righteous.

• 24:12Tristin Engels?

  It told him that the darkness he felt wasn't something to heal or regulate, it was something to worship and embrace. And that's what makes these frameworks so dangerous in certain hands. They don't create psychopaths, but they give them a philosophy to hide behind.

• 24:26Vanessa Richardson?

  There was a lot of concern about Satanism and violence, especially back in the eighties. More recently, I feel like there's a similar thought process to people who believe violent movies or like the video games translate to real world violence as well. Do you think that's justified?

• 24:41Tristin Engels?

  It's important to understand that Satanism isn't inherently violent on its own. Modern day satanic groups like the Satanic Temple emphasize nonviolence and promote personal autonomy and freedoms. That being said, concern is justified in isolated cases like Richard's, for example, and for the reasons I outlined. Richard didn't become violent because he read the Satanic Bible. He was already exhibiting a pattern of behavioral escalation and violence, and he used the Satanic Bible to rationalize his actions. This is very similar, like you mentioned, to the argument about violent movies and video games. But over decades, research has consistently shown that there's no causal link between the two.

• 25:23Tristin Engels?

  What we do see is that individuals with certain vulnerabilities or risk markers like untreated psychiatric disorders, early trauma, or predisposition toward aggression may be more likely to be influenced by violent content, especially if they lack other protective factors like stable relationships, impulse control, or empathy. So the reality is, the content alone isn't dangerous. It's the person and their relationship to it, their psychological profile, and their environment that can make it concerning for danger.

• 25:56Vanessa Richardson?

  Whatever was going on in Richard's mind at this point, it was turning him into something even more dangerous. And in June of 1984, seven years after arriving in LA, Richard finally unleashed the monster inside him. One night at the end of the month, the 24-year-old was walking through the Glassell Park neighborhood on the northeast side of LA. He'd spent the last of his cash on coke and was looking for an easy way to get some more. At some point, he noticed a house that had an open window. Richard simply walked up, lifted the screen, and climbed inside. The home belonged to Jenny Vincow, a 79-year-old woman who lived alone and in relative poverty.

• 26:39Vanessa Richardson?

  When Richard realized there was nothing to steal, he became enraged, and he decided to make Jenny pay. Richard pulled a six-inch hunting knife from his pocket, then crept into Jenny's room where she was sleeping. Before she realized what was happening, he stabbed her to death. Afterward, he sexually assaulted her. Once the rage subsided, it seemed Richard realized what he'd done. He fled the scene and jumped in his car, begging Satan for protection. As far as Richard was concerned, Satan heard his wish. No one came after him for Jenny's murder, but he did find himself in trouble for something else. Around mid-December in 1984,

• 27:23Vanessa Richardson?

  Richard was pulled over and arrested for driving a stolen car. His photograph and fingerprints were taken. He was released a few days later and instructed to return to court for a preliminary trial, which he didn't do. It doesn't seem like the authorities bothered to chase him down, though. Richard's crime was a low-level offense, and they probably didn't think it was worth their time. But if they knew what he was really capable of, they would have done everything in their power to find him. Because soon enough, Richard felt the urge to kill again. But to avoid getting caught, he knew there were some things he needed to change. Richard's cousin, Miguel, had taught him that as a soldier,

• 28:07Vanessa Richardson?

  it was important to kill flawlessly and with precision. So Richard decided to give up hard drugs so he could have a clear head. He also wanted to be more efficient, so he bought a 22-caliber revolver.

• 28:23Tristin Engels?

  Richard is strategizing now, and the fact that he wanted to be sober is really telling, because that indicates a level of self-awareness and premeditation that we often associate with organized offenders, though he's not an organized offender. He's quite disorganized and impulsive. But he's aspiring to be organized, and he's attempting to shift from impulsive to instrumental violence. Essentially, he is hoping to optimize his violence and he's killing with intent. This kind of thinking aligns with a criminal mastery belief, and that is the belief that killing is a skill set. And like you mentioned, Richard had internalized this belief from his time with Miguel, who framed murder as tactical, glamorous, and honorable. That mindset turns killing into a performance, something to refine, perfect, and repeat.

• 29:08Tristin Engels?

  And also, he'd been using cocaine for quite some time, to the degree where it was likely a dependence if his oral health had been declining as a result. So his ability to just give that up when he's been dependent on it in order to prioritize becoming more skilled as a murderer is extremely telling, very concerning. It makes him quite dangerous.

• 29:33Vanessa Richardson?

  Richard spent the next few months thinking about his next kill. And on March 17, 1985, St. Patrick's Day, he decided it was time to act. That night, Richard stole a car and blasted ACDC's "Highway to Hell" on the radio. This would become his go-to band. Richard felt like ACDC's songs were specially written for him by Satan himself. With the music blaring, Richard pulled onto the highway and prayed for Satan to help him find another victim. Soon, Richard spotted a gold Camaro. Twenty-year-old Maria Hernandez was behind the wheel, heading home from seeing her boyfriend. Richard followed Maria's Camaro

• 30:17Vanessa Richardson?

  to the suburb of Rosemead, trailing her to the condo she shared with a roommate, 35-year-old Dale Okazaki. As soon as Maria turned into the driveway, Richard parked his car, pulled on an ACDC hat, and crept up behind her as she approached her front gate.

• 30:36Vanessa Richardson?

  While Maria opened the lock separating the garage from the house, she heard a sound. She turned to find Richard walking toward her with a gun drawn. When she screamed, Richard fired. Maria's hands flew up to protect herself, and incredibly, her keys deflected the bullet. She fell to the ground anyway and played dead while Richard moved past her body and into the house. There, Richard shot and killed Maria's roommate Dale, who was hiding behind a kitchen counter. As Richard was leaving, he noticed that Maria was still alive. She raised her arms and pleaded for Richard to let her live. And Richard did, though not because of any mercy.

• 31:20Vanessa Richardson?

  He was just too surprised to process what was happening, so he bypassed Maria, then got into his car and sped away. But he wasn't done yet. Once again, Richard turned the music way up and drove around aimlessly. He felt restless and full of adrenaline, possessed by the urge to kill. When Richard got to the nearby neighborhood of Monterey Park, he spotted law student Veronica Yu driving home from a friend's house. He decided she would be his next victim. Veronica noticed Richard's car behind her and pulled over to let him pass, but when she got back onto the road, she ended up next to him at a red light.

• 32:04Vanessa Richardson?

  While they were stopped, Richard got out of his car, went to Veronica's window, then pulled her out of the vehicle. When Veronica fought back, Richard shot her repeatedly before fleeing. Veronica's murder satisfied Richard's bloodlust, for the time being, but he was eager for more. He became convinced that the more brutal his crimes were, the more Satan would approve. So in late March 1985, a little over a week after killing Dale and Veronica, Richard returned to a house he'd previously robbed in Whittier, California. Whittier was a wealthy neighborhood on the eastern edge of LA, and he figured the house's

• 32:45Vanessa Richardson?

  owners had replaced the expensive items Richard had stolen, and since he already knew the place, it would be easy to find a way in. When Richard arrived, he snuck up to a window and realized that the home was occupied. The patriarch of the Zizara family, Vincent, had fallen asleep while watching TV. So Richard went around to the back of the house and pried a different window open. But Richard had more than robbery on his mind. He slipped inside with his gun raised and made his way to where Vincent was dozing before fatally shooting him. At the sound of the shot, Vincent's wife, Maxine, ran out of the bedroom and Richard pounced.

• 33:28Vanessa Richardson?

  He was able to bind her hands with a necktie and told her not to look at him as he raided the house. Maxine didn't listen. She managed to slip out of her restraints and found her husband's shotgun. But when she tried to shoot Richard, the gun was empty. Her attempt at defending herself enraged Richard. He beat Maxine to death and then dismembered parts of her body before burglarizing the house. After that night, Richard felt a shift within himself. Until this point, he'd been curious and intrigued by murder and how to do it effectively. But after killing the Zizaras, he realized how much he truly enjoyed it.

• 34:13Vanessa Richardson?

  In his own words, Richard described his growing obsession this way. "To have that power over life, there's nothing more sexually exciting. It's the ultimate, very few people experience."

• 34:27Tristin Engels?

  Prior to the Zizaras, Richard's actions seemed driven by curiosity, experimentation, and impulse. But this crime gave him something he hadn't fully experienced, and like he mentioned, it's complete dominance over another human being. So when he said, quote, "to have that power over life, there's nothing more sexually exciting," he was describing a pathological connection between violence and arousal. And in forensic psychology, we call this sexual sadism, where an individual derives sexual gratification from controlling, terrorizing, or harming others. And what's key here is that it's not just about the violence, it's about the psychological power and the ability to reduce someone to complete helplessness like this.

• 35:11Tristin Engels?

  Clinically, this is the moment when violence becomes ritualized. It's not just an act, but a source of identity. For Richard, the Cesara murders confirmed what he'd long suspected, that killing wasn't just thrilling, it was who he is. And that revelation marks the shift from a violent criminal to a compulsive serial killer.

• 35:31Vanessa Richardson?

  Well, after that night, it was as if Richard had opened a Pandora's box, releasing the horrors inside of himself, never to be contained again. From then on, he would wear black, stalk his victims at night, and attack without hesitation or remorse. The Night Stalker was born.

• 35:57Speaker 05

  In 2002, Ryan Wedding was an Olympic snowboarder at the top of his game.

• 36:02Speaker 06

  Ryan's style is really gunning it in gold.

• 36:05Speaker 05

  And in less than a minute, it slipped away. But he continued to chase the high.

• 36:11Speaker 07

  Ryan James Wedding. He controls one of the most violent drug trafficking organizations in this world.

• 36:20Speaker 05

  I'm Michelle Shepherd, and from CBC Podcasts and The Toronto Star, The Most Wanted Olympian. Available now.

• 36:30Vanessa Richardson?

  In late March of 1985, Richard Ramirez killed Maxine and Vincent Cesara in the East LA suburbs. They were his third and fourth victims. And after murdering the Cesaras, the 25-year-old serial killer was eager to strike again. On May 14, 1985, Richard stole another car and used it to cruise the streets of LA after dark, looking for another victim. He eventually found himself back in Monterey Park, where he'd killed Victoria Yu two months earlier. As a result of the crime, there was a heavy police presence in the area. But Richard wasn't worried. He believed Satan would protect him.

• 37:15Vanessa Richardson?

  That night, he murdered a man and his fiance, then burglarized their home. This double homicide marked the beginning of another horrific, unrelenting crime spree. Before the month was over, Richard attacked two sisters in another neighborhood, killing one of them, before drawing pentagrams all over the scene. Later, he raped a woman in another part of town. These heinous attacks carried into the summer, and on two separate occasions in June, he allegedly killed a 28-year-old schoolteacher and raped a child. Then in early July, Richard snuck into a woman's house in the suburb of Arcadia, about 13 miles from downtown LA.

• 38:00Vanessa Richardson?

  He murdered the elderly woman who lived there, Mary Louise Cannon, then ransacked her home. But even though Richard was escaping undetected, his crimes weren't going unnoticed. The day after Richard killed Mary Louise Cannon, one of her neighbors was outside his home when he noticed one of Mary Louise's window screens lying in the grass. He had a key to her house, so he was able to go inside to see if everything was okay. He saw the place had been ransacked and found Mary Louise dead in her bedroom. He immediately called the police. Later that morning, Detective Frank Salerno and his partner Gil Corillo drove out to the crime scene.

• 38:44Vanessa Richardson?

  At 46, Frank was known as "The Bulldog", because when he got a lead on something, he didn't let go, and he had experience catching serial killers. Frank had cracked high-profile cases, like The Hillside Strangler, who murdered 10 women in LA between 1977 and 1978. When Frank got to Mary Louise's house, he quickly realized the circumstances were very similar to the murder of the 28-year-old teacher who'd been killed a few weeks earlier. Not only that, he'd already connected several of Richard's crimes by the bullets he'd used to kill his victims. And when Frank saw his latest crime scene, he was pretty sure that the mystery killer

• 39:28Vanessa Richardson?

  had attacked Mary Louise as well.

• 39:31Tristin Engels?

  This is such an interesting case because at first glance, Richard seems to lack a clear method or MO in the traditional forensic sense. His victims ranged in age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. His methods of killing varied from bludgeoning, shooting, stabbing, and strangulation. So from a profiling standpoint, that kind of variability can make it difficult to link cases. But rarely is there a lack of method or motive. It's just something that might not be obvious. So while the outward details were inconsistent, the core behavior and the psychological pattern was consistent, and that can still qualify as his method or his MO. So let's break down that pattern. He was consistent with time and access, meaning he almost always attacked at night,

• 40:16Tristin Engels?

  often between 2:00 and 4:00 a.m., when people were at their most vulnerable and their defenses were down. He frequently broke into homes by unlocking windows or doors. He used intimidation, humiliation, and degradation, both verbal and physical, to psychologically dominate his victims before and during his attack. And the home invasion was central to his motive. Because for Richard, violating someone's sanctuary wasn't just logical, it was symbolic. It fed into his desire for total control and domination. Now that we understand his methods, can you explain why is there so much variability? I think the variations can be explained by a number of things. Firstly, he wants to be an organized killer. He vowed to stop using hard drugs and find more efficient ways of killing.

• 41:01Tristin Engels?

  But the problem is, Richard is really impulsive and disorganized. That can cause that variability. He's also early in his crimes and likely still experimenting. And more importantly, Richard is more focused on the experience and the thrill rather than the outcome. I would argue that that overrides his judgment in a number of ways because there is a level of carelessness to this as well.

• 41:26Vanessa Richardson?

  Because Richard was so chaotic, he left a lot of evidence behind. And although there weren't any fingerprints, Frank Salerno's team did find footprints in the dirt outside Mary Louise Cannon's home. One of them was saturated with blood, which created a distinctive outline that the police linked to a particular brand of footwear, an Avia aerobic shoe, size 11 and 1/2. Frank and his partner Gil cross-referenced the evidence at Mary Louise's house to the other crime scenes. Another shoe print had been lifted from a homicide in June, when two sisters were attacked in their home and one was killed. That footprint was identical to the one found at Mary Louise's.

• 42:10Vanessa Richardson?

  It was an enticing lead for Frank to pursue, but there was still a lot of work to do before it could be linked to anyone. And in the meantime, Richard continued to wreak havoc. On July 5, 1985, he stole a Toyota and drove northeast of Los Angeles through the San Gabriel Mountains. At some point during his drive, a police car passed him. Richard overheard the dispatch as the car drove by. The voice on the other end of the radio was calling all cars to search for "The Valley Intruder," which was how authorities were referring to Richard. Hearing this made him smile. Richard wasn't worried about getting caught.

• 42:52Vanessa Richardson?

  As long as Satan was on his side, he was sure nothing would happen to him. Soon, Richard instinctively pulled over in front of a residence, which sat on a half acre of land in the foothills of the San Gabriel Valley. He walked right up to the white, ranch-style home and tried the handle. It was unlocked. The home belonged to the Bennett family. Stephen, an executive at a gas company, his wife and their children, teenagers Whitney and James. When Richard got to Whitney's room, he could see her asleep in her bed, brown hair spilling over her pillow. He decided to attack her, but wanted to make sure no one would interrupt them.

• 43:36Vanessa Richardson?

  Richard snuck out of the house and went outside to his car, thinking he would use a tire iron to kill Stephen and his wife. But before he could get it, a police cruiser rolled by the house, forcing Richard to duck for cover. Once the car was gone, Richard quickly grabbed his tire iron and headed back inside. Knowing the authorities were nearby, he bypassed the parents and went back to Whitney's room. He struck fast, hitting her with the iron, then grabbed a telephone cord to strangle her. But as he did this, the telephone cord sparked. Richard didn't consider it an electrical mishap. He thought the spark was her soul leaving her body. This scared him, and he immediately fled.

• 44:21Vanessa Richardson?

  As he sped away from the scene, he convinced himself that the spark had actually been Jesus, who got in his way and saved Whitney.

• 44:30Tristin Engels?

  Attributing an electrical spark to a soul leaving the body, or interpreting it as a sign or message from Jesus, could indicate delusional thinking, especially if that belief shapes behavior in real time. But it's also important to understand the distinction between a powerful belief system and a true delusion. So let's start with a powerful belief system. This includes religion, includes ideology or philosophical frameworks, even extreme ones, that a person adopts through culture, choice, or experience. These symptoms can be intense, even fanatical, but they tend to be internally consistent, socially reinforced, and rooted in a broader interpretive worldview. In Richard's case, his obsession with Satanism could be just a powerful belief system.

• 45:13Tristin Engels?

  He studied the Satanic Bible, he saw Satan as a source of strength, and used that belief to justify violence. It's distorted, but not necessarily psychotic. Although it was instrumental to his self-image as a predator, it was not evidence on its own of psychosis or any kind of break with reality. Delusions, by contrast, are fixed false beliefs that remain unshakable despite evidence to the contrary. They're not just extreme, they're illogical, and they're out of touch with reality. Classic examples include persecutory delusions, like the government's reading my thoughts are out to get me, or grandiose delusions, I'm chosen by God to save humanity, as an example. Richard's interpretation of the telephone cord sparking could suggest that he moved

• 45:57Tristin Engels?

  past a belief system and entered the territory of delusional thinking, especially when we consider everything else we know about him. But I'm not really convinced that's the case. Either way, knowing the difference is clinically important for a forensic psychologist like myself, because we're often hired to determine if someone is criminally responsible, or to do a risk assessment, and this information is critical for us to understand.

• 46:21Vanessa Richardson?

  Richard was raised Catholic. Could it be that his parents' religion is still in his subconscious? And also, could it be that supposedly seeing Jesus was an indication that maybe part of him understands that what he's doing is wrong?

• 46:34Tristin Engels?

  Yes, absolutely. So, Richard's Catholic upbringing definitely lingered in his subconscious. Catholicism, especially when taught from a really young age, can become a moral lens that's deeply rooted. Ideas of sin, guilt, redemption, punishment, and judgment can become internalized in ways that resurface during high-stress or high-stakes moments. Even if a person later rejects it intellectually, the psychological residue often remains, like a religious schema. So, when Richard interpreted the chord spark as Jesus intervening, it was likely his old belief system kind of colliding with his new one. But is this an admission of guilt or acknowledgement of wrongdoing? And in a sense, yes.

• 47:18Tristin Engels?

  But more importantly, I think that this interpretation of the chord is something he can use as confirmation or validation that he is somehow fulfilling his satanic calling or fulfilling Satan. And that can become dangerous for someone like Richard because it will serve to reinforce and justify more killings.

• 47:37Vanessa Richardson?

  Unfortunately, this supposed encounter with Jesus didn't change Richard's ways. In the month of July, 1985, he murdered five more people and attacked at least another four. In many of these encounters, Richard not only used sexual violence, but he mentioned Satan multiple times to his victims. Then, in early August, he attacked two families just two days apart, killing one of them and injuring the other three. The public was already aware of the spree of murders and burglaries around Los Angeles, perpetuated by a tall, shaggy-haired man with bad breath. But by this point, the tenor became more panicked.

• 48:19Vanessa Richardson?

  The Los Angeles Times put out an article on August 14, 1985, describing how veteran detective Frank Salerno was intent on capturing this killer. This article was the first to call Richard the name that would become famous: the Night Stalker. Reading about his crimes in the news inflated Richard's ego and made him feel even more untouchable. But even with Satan looking after him, Richard decided it would be smart to skip town for a bit, so he decided to head north to the Bay Area. He drove up there and checked in at the Bristol Hotel in San Francisco's Tenderloin District, a rough neighborhood where he could blend in.

• 49:02Vanessa Richardson?

  But he wasn't interested in lying low. On the night of August 17, 1985, Richard stole a Mercedes and went for a joyride. Around 2 a.m., he reached the fancy Lakeside District and was drawn to a two-story stucco house that belonged to Peter and Barbara Pan. Like so many of his previous murders, Richard walked up to the house, pulled a screen off of a window, and jumped in. He shot Peter while he was sleeping, which woke Barbara up. She fought back, and then Richard killed her too. After they were both dead, Richard grabbed Barbara's lipstick and drew a pentagram

• 49:43Vanessa Richardson?

  on the bedroom wall next to the words "Jack the Knife." Once the Pan's bodies were found, news about their murders quickly spread. Back in L.A., a local detective thought it sounded a lot like the Night Stalker and notified Frank Salerno. At first, Frank thought it might be a copycat, so he called a Bay Area detective to learn more. That detective confirmed there was a pentagram at the scene, and also said that the gun shells they found had a red circle on the casing. Salerno looked back through the evidence collected from the other murders in L.A. and realized that type of casing was found at two of the Night Stalker's crime scenes.

• 50:27Vanessa Richardson?

  It was worrisome that such a ruthless murderer had touched down in yet another city, but Frank had to be somewhat optimistic. They had the killer's brand of shoe and size, they had the precise type of weapon he used, and the physical description. It wasn't much, but authorities were definitely on to the Night Stalker, and it was only a matter of time before they would catch him.

• 51:07Vanessa Richardson?

  Thanks so much for listening. Join us next time as we conclude our deep dive into the Night Stalker, Richard Ramirez.

• 51:14Tristin Engels?

  Killer Minds is a Crime House original powered by Pave Studios. Here at Crime House, we want to thank each and every one of you for your support. If you like what you heard today, reach out on Instagram at Killer Minds. And don't forget to rate, review, and follow Killer Minds wherever you get your podcasts. Your feedback truly makes a difference.

• 51:35Vanessa Richardson?

  And to enhance your listening experience, subscribe to Crime House Plus on Apple Podcasts. You'll get every episode of Killer Minds ad-free, along with early access to each thrilling two-part series, and exciting Crime House bonus content.

• 51:52Vanessa Richardson?

  Killer Minds is hosted by me, Vanessa Richardson, and Dr. Tristin Engels, and is a Crime House original powered by Pave Studios. This episode was brought to life by the Killer Minds team: Max Cutler, Ron Shapiro, Alex Benedon, Laurie Marinelli, Natalie Pritzowski, Sarah Camp, Kate Murdock, Meredith Allen, Sarah Tardif, and Carrie Murphy. Thank you for listening.

• 52:25Vanessa Richardson?

  If you're looking for your next podcast, check out What the Fact with Connor Tomlinson from Netflix's Love on the Spectrum and Carter Roy. Every week, they take three unbelievable true facts from history and tell you the full story behind them. Follow What the Fact wherever you listen, or subscribe on YouTube at What the Fact Pod.