Slow Release Of Federal Science Funds Holds Up Research

Some money allocated for scientific research has been restored to the federal budget, but the White House OMB has been slow to release it.

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• 0:00Speaker 00

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• 0:14Ira Flatow?

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• 0:33Ira Flatow?

  Hi, I'm Ira Flatow, and you're listening to Science Friday. Today on the podcast, the ongoing saga of federal science research funding. Earlier this year, Congress pushed back on White House attempts to slash funding for many research programs, and it restored that funding in the budget. But the process is still not operating normally. Here's one example.

• 0:57Speaker 02

  What is currently happening is unusual in that the budget has passed. But from what we understand, the federal agencies have not yet been given the money in order to then give us the money. We have over 50 proposals that have been pending since March of 2025 that we're waiting to hear the results of. People have been told that they will get the money, and they're just waiting, and it hasn't happened. And there are more cases where the proposals are still in this pending stage, where they have gone through review, they have gone through the panel, and the money is just not flowing out the door of the different agencies.

• 1:37Ira Flatow?

  That's Dr. Anataja Har, Vice President for Research at the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington. She says her institution is waiting to hear about some $20 million in funds that are not flowing out the door, which has implications for the next generation of scientists.

• 1:56Speaker 02

  The problem with the money not flowing at a regular pace is that we have to plan several years in advance for not only the research that we're doing, but also for the training of the next generation of scientists. You can imagine the waiting up to a year or more to find out if that funding is coming in. Really impacts the pace of our research, but even more so, it impacts the hiring of students or postdocs because that only happens once a year. And so the uncertainty and the waiting is really, really difficult. And the inability to know whether we will be able to fund someone for several years implies that we cannot hire them. It's really just a miss.

• 2:39Ira Flatow?

  Dr. Anat Chahara of the Carnegie Institution. Joining me now to help untangle this situation is Alexandra Witzi. She's co-author on a report published in the journal Nature on the funding slowdown. She's in Boulder, Colorado. Welcome to Science Friday.

• 2:56Speaker 03

  Thanks very much for having me.

• 2:58Ira Flatow?

  You're welcome. Okay, the story we just heard, is that a unique situation?

• 3:04Speaker 03

  That is not unique, according to the reporting that myself and my colleagues have done. We've been talking to scientists who work at various agencies and who get grants from various research agencies. And in the last couple of weeks, we have been hearing this again and again. The thought was that Congress had gone ahead and approved research budgets for the current fiscal year. And so a lot of scientists thought, okay, great, the money's been approved, it's going to start flowing. But what my reporting team found out is that that's not the case. There's something weird going on, and it's very unusual. It hasn't happened before.

• 3:43Ira Flatow?

  Is there any mechanism for holding back money that has been approved by Congress? You say this is very weird, it has not happened before. Explain that, please.

• 3:52Speaker 03

  It's a very unique thing at the Office of Management and Budgets. So that's the White House office that's in charge of dispersing funds. It's the budget office for the administration. And Once Congress has approved funds, what normally happens is the O M B would start giving out thirty day blobs, apportionments, they call it. So here, you get your thirty day check, you can start spending the money that Congress says is okay to spend. But what's happening this year is O M B has different rules. When they're starting to give out these thirty day checks, there, there's a new sort of restriction on it. In many cases,

• 4:32Speaker 03

  they're saying, hey, you can only spend this money on things like salaries for your employees. And what that means, practically speaking, is that if you're working at the NIH and your job is to funnel money out the door to grants to scientists, you can't do that because that money's only supposed to be going to salaries. Long story short, O M B is dispersing a lot less money than it normally would, and there's these restrictions on it, which means scientists can't use it for what they normally would.

• 5:03Ira Flatow?

  And those restrictions were not put there by Congress?

• 5:06Speaker 03

  No, the O M B rewrote a lot of these rules last year.

• 5:09Ira Flatow?

  Hmm. So if the money is not going to the researchers, where is it?

• 5:13Speaker 03

  I guess it's just sitting at the O M B. I'd love to know whose bank account that's in. It's sitting wherever the holding pattern normally is, I think. We did a analysis on, for instance, the National Institutes of Health, which is a forty seven billion dollar agency that is the world's largest funder of biomedical research. And we found that, you know, as of this point this year, so kind of early on in, in the year, the NIH was only putting out thirty percent, as much grant funding, as it did in prior years. And so something's going on here. There's obviously a lot of challenges with funding the government this year. We had a big shutdown last October, November, that slowed things

• 5:57Speaker 03

  down. But when we went looking at how the money was flowing, we found it was, you know, it was cut off more than it, it normally is. The spigot has not been turned on like you'd expect at this point.

• 6:08Ira Flatow?

  Do you suspect this is politics?

• 6:12Speaker 03

  Well, depending on who you talk to, some people might say that. When it came to NASA, for instance, which is the portion of the story that I reported, I've talked to a policy expert who points out that this is kind of part of a broader pattern in which the White House has basically been pushing back on the agency and saying, you know, there are these science missions at NASA that we don't want to spend money on, and here we are finding a new way to say, you NASA shouldn't be spending money on these things that we don't think mesh with White House priorities.

• 6:44Ira Flatow?

  So has anybody in the O M B given any kind of explanation for holding back the funding?

• 6:51Speaker 03

  So the O M B did not respond to our queries about this, but Russ Vogt, who's the director, has been very clear in a lot of things he's said in the past and has written in the past. You'll remember Project 2025, which was kind of the blueprint for what a lot of the current Trump administration has put into place. So the O M B has not talked to us directly, but Russ Vogt and others, they have said essentially that O M B has the authority, has the power to control the disbursement of funds in order to meet with administration priorities. So they wouldn't tell us what was going on because they didn't reply to our questions, but it's pretty clear from what they've said in the past that, hey,

• 7:33Speaker 03

  they don't think these funds are anything that the administration should be spending money on. So it doesn't matter essentially in that interpretation what Congress has.

• 7:44Ira Flatow?

  But as you say, there are some people like NASA who are getting their funding. This is like pick and choose your favorites.

• 7:53Speaker 03

  Yeah. So at NASA, for instance, there's a big priority right now to be flying, for instance, the Artemis II mission to the moon, which is supposed to be going in the next couple of weeks. And NASA's gotten all the money it wants and almost more for that. That has been released. It's other things like Earth Science missions at NASA that have been sort of picked out. And that's the sort of thing that the O M B doesn't want to to fund. There are other administration priorities, of course. You think about like the National Science Foundation, which the White House has a lot of interest in the National Science Foundation and how it's funding especially research into priorities like A I and quantum stuff.

• 8:37Speaker 03

  But even at the N S F, we found the monies aren't flowing as quickly as they normally would.

• 8:43Ira Flatow?

  Does Congress have any levers to pull that could open the tap again?

• 8:49Speaker 03

  Yeah, our understanding is that a lot of members of Congress are really pretty mad, especially those on the Democratic side who are trying to use funding as a way to kind of get at administration priorities. So Congress is pretty angry. So I suspect we'll see a lot of behind the scenes pressure and our reporting suggests that some of that's already going on. So we'll see. Like so many things in this administration, what's happening right now with the money being kind of slow walked out the door is something they haven't seen before. And as you heard from that Vice President of Research you talked to earlier, this is having day to day impacts on scientists, on students

• 9:34Speaker 03

  who are just trying to go out there and make discoveries. The the chaos that's happening in so many research labs across the country, simply because they aren't able to, you know, hire the person they need to do the work or, you know, get the money in the door to like buy the lab equipment. It's really impacting people's lives on a day to day basis, as you have heard.

• 9:56Ira Flatow?

  And you're talking about a long term effect because these these talented researchers could go somewhere else, could go to another country.

• 10:04Speaker 03

  We've done some reporting at Nature on this brain drain, this concept that folks might leave and go abroad. And we're really interested to be tracking that and to see whether folks are leaving. Anecdotally, I mean, I've talked to many scientists at all sorts of career stages who have decided to go and leave abroad. Just a couple of days ago, I was talking to an astronomer who's moving to Europe. You know, week before last, I was talking to a graduate student who is looking at, you know, Australia or Mexico or somewhere else to go abroad. It's just hard to stick around, right? I mean, if you're not getting the support for the research and the discovery that you think you're going to get, yeah, we're hearing that a lot from scientists.

• 10:47Ira Flatow?

  Yeah, we've had, we've had scientists on this program because we've been on the air for decades and followed scientists over their careers. And some of them have said, you know, I'm in Canada now. I'm not where I used to be.

• 11:01Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 11:02Ira Flatow?

  So you mentioned NASA. I just want to make sure that to know if there are other agency winners or losers from your reporting.

• 11:10Speaker 03

  We haven't found a whole lot of winners across agencies, to be perfectly honest. NSF is really into AI and quantum stuff these days, but that funding still isn't quite flowing at this point in time that we can tell. There's a whole like initiative at the Department of Energy, a thing called the Genesis Project, to take National Labs data sets and do kind of AI analysis on them and do new types of discovery. But as far as we know, the DOE is still working to stand that kind of thing up. So there are winners. The winners are not necessarily like going out the gate like faster than anybody else.

• 11:47Ira Flatow?

  Now, I know you've been reporting in this area for a long time. I know you don't have, really have a crystal ball, but do you have any educated guess of how this is all going to play out?

• 12:00Speaker 03

  I think we can expect more chaos and disruption like we've seen over the past year. There haven't been any like major changes that make me think suddenly everything is going to settle down. And the kind of ongoing battles about how to fund science, how to support science, what should science be doing as part of our national conversation? I don't see that changing anytime soon. We're in such a disruptive landscape right now. I suspect we're going to have to buckle in for the long haul here.

• 12:34Ira Flatow?

  Yeah, it's gonna be a rough ride. Thank you for your reporting. Thank you. Alexandra Witzi is a correspondent for the journal Nature. She's based in Boulder, Colorado. Thanks for listening. And you know, we're always looking for your ideas. Give us a call on the listener line, 877-4-SY-FRY. That's 877, number 4, S Y F R Y. This episode was produced by Charles Berkwhist. I'm Ira Flatow. We'll see you soon.

• 13:13Speaker 00

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