Pod Insights Prof G Markets The AI Divide: Who Wins and Who Gets Replaced — ft. Bill Gurley About this episode Ed Elson and Scott Galloway are joined by Bill Gurley to break down how young people can position themselves for success in the age of AI, how Silicon Valley and the private markets have evolved, and what a potential market correction could look like.
Bill Gurley has been General Partner at Benchmark Capital since 1999. His new book, “Runnin’ Down a Dream: How to Thrive in a Career You Actually Love,” is available now.
Check out our latest Prof G Markets newsletter
Follow Prof G Markets on Instagram and Substack
Follow Ed on Instagram, X and Substack
Follow Scott on Instagram
Send us your questions or comments by emailing [email protected]
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Transcript 10,591 words · 13 speakers
Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.
0:01 Speaker 00 This episode is brought to you by Michelob Ultra. Good times mean competitions between you and your friends. Like seeing who can throw some pigskin the farthest, or rush the field the fastest. Winner gets an ultra. Because it's not just a superior light beer, it's also giving fans superior access to their favorite sporting events. Superior is worth playing for. Visit michelobultra.com/superioraccess to enter. Enjoy responsibly. Copyright 2026 Anheuser Busch InBev Michelob Ultra Beer, St. Louis, Missouri.
0:30 Speaker 01 The new LinkedIn Hiring Pro can't undo your last hire. The human postponer. They were the master of one phrase. I'll circle back on that. But three months later, you were the one doing all their work and wondering how big that circle is. Ah! But LinkedIn Hiring Pro can take the hiring load off your plate by automating the hiring busywork from the initial job post to scheduling interviews. Hire right the first time with LinkedIn Hiring Pro. Post a free job today at LinkedIn.com/quality.
1:01 Speaker 02 Low energy, unfocused, foggy? You might be dehydrated. Gatorade Zero powders have been scientifically designed to help improve hydration balance in the body with a clinically proven electrolyte blend and no artificial colors or flavors. Great tasting hydration, no matter where you're going. Shop now online or at retailers nationwide. Gatorade: Hydrates Better Than Water. Is it in you? Symptoms noted are signs of mild to moderate dehydration. Consult a healthcare professional if symptoms persist.
1:29 Scott Galloway? Today's number, $100,000. I'm already laughing. Today's number, $100,000. That's how much a German terrorist sued New York City chain Los Tacos. Number one, two physical injuries from spicy salsa. Ed, how did Hitler rise to power? He brat out the worst in people. I don't know why I find that so funny. Get it brat worst? He brat out the worst.
1:56 Ed Elson? You've probably got to say, "He brought out the worst in people." To sort of get it brat worst? Brat worst? Ah!
2:06 Speaker 05 Listen to me. Markets are bigger than us. What you have here is a structural change in the world distribution. Cash is trash. Stocks look pretty attractive. Something's gonna break. Forget about it.
2:16 Scott Galloway? Okay, true story. I just told a very funny, but very dirty joke. And the team wouldn't let me do it because we have Bill Gurley, a famous venture capitalist, on. So fucking VCs continue to ruin my life. Anyways, what are you up to?
2:32 Ed Elson? Just got back from Vegas.
2:34 Scott Galloway? Oh, how was that? Guys weekend?
2:35 Ed Elson? Guys weekend, bachelor party. It was awesome. And we did a lot of gambling, played a lot of blackjack, played a lot of craps, lost a lot of money. Did what we're supposed to do. Stayed at the, when we stayed at the Encore. We had dinner at Zuma.
2:51 Scott Galloway? Let's just pause right there, you entitled spoiled bitch. When I was your age and I would go to Vegas, I would stay at the Golden Nugget downtown with my friendly Lotus. We would make sure we save $5 so we had enough gas to get home. And there was, and we would eat twice the whole weekend, both times for $9.99 at the Golden Nuggets All You Can Eat buffet. And then we would, we would bet all night long at these $2 blackjack tables. And that was it. That, and by the way, it was amazing. But no, there was no win. There was no Zuma.
3:25 Ed Elson? We did it right. We, we bowled out and yeah, it was a good time.
3:29 Scott Galloway? It's like Jimmy Carr says that people don't realize how fortunate they are today to just be able to take a hot shower. You are literally constantly taking a hot shower and I'm worried you don't appreciate it enough. Claire, do you think Ed really appreciates how fortunate he is?
3:43 Speaker 06 No comment. I'm not, I'm not taking sides on this one.
3:47 Scott Galloway? Claire, you're also part of this entitled generation, right? How old are you? Claire's a little bit older. She's, you're 28, is that right, Claire?
3:53 Speaker 06 I am 27, 28 in June.
3:56 Scott Galloway? Oh, you're, you're both 27 now. Claire, what did you do this weekend?
3:58 Speaker 06 Slept a lot. And I went to a art fair, made some purchases, bought a couple photographs. One of my favorite things to spend money on is art. So that was my big event of the weekend. Oh, I had, I had friends over for Shabbat dinner Friday. So that was nice.
4:17 Scott Galloway? Oh my God, Claire wins. Let me get this. Ed goes to Vegas. Wait, hold on. I go to Tulum and buy Molly from a woman in the bathroom and Claire goes and buys photography and has Shabbat dinner. Okay. Yeah, Claire wins. Claire wins.
4:34 Ed Elson? I think we're doing it right.
4:35 Scott Galloway? Should we get on with the show?
4:37 Ed Elson? Let's do it. Let's get into our conversation with Bill Gurley, general partner at Benchmark Capital and author of the new book, Runnin Down a Dream. Bill, so good to have you on the show. A lot of people have been interested in having you on. I'm glad we have you on today. You are a legendary investor, but I want to start with your book, Runnin Down a Dream. It was based on a talk that you gave at UT Austin, and it's essentially your advice to young people, your career advice. Let's just start with what is your career advice to young people? What do you talk about in the book?
5:12 Speaker 07 I had this moment in my life, almost 10 years ago, where I was reading biographies, a lot of biographies, and I noticed a through line through some of them. I'm a former blogger. As a venture capitalist, I look for patterns and ideas, and this thing kind of synthesized for me. And all of these people started at the bottom rung, and all of these people were working in fields your parents would probably tell you not to go into. And I think at the single synthesis of the whole thing is that if you can find something where you have just immense curiosity, that you end up in this learning loop that's self-reinforcing.
5:54 Speaker 07 And almost all the people we profiled are lifelong learners, like just constantly learning in their field. And when I decided to turn it into a book, a bunch of people noticed the presentation. James Clear was one of them that reposted it, and that's part of what pushed me to go do the book. But we probably studied 100 more biographies. We went through all the academic literature. We talked to Angela Duckworth and Adam Grant.
6:24 Speaker 07 And Daniel Pink and all the people that are known in the field got a lot of help from all of them. And so there was a lot more work there. And we also did a study with Wharton about people and whether they end up in a job that they're happy with or not. And so there's a lot more synthesis, a lot more data in the book that relates to that.
6:43 Ed Elson? People should go read it if they want the full story. But if you could tell us, what are a few of the main things that you saw across every successful person you profiled? Curiosity, it sounds like, is the big one. Are there any other things that you noticed?
6:59 Speaker 07 Yeah, I mean, identifying something that you have that much curiosity about is difficult, and it's not easy. And Angela Duckworth, six years after she wrote Grit, said if she were doing it over again, she had said grit was half passion, half perseverance. And she said, many kids, we've taught to persevere, especially with the state of the kind of resume arms race that goes into the college application, but then they burn out. And the thing is, if you find something that you have this fascination with, then that lifelong honing goes forever. And it's just really hard to find. And I have a number of examples in the book that I borrowed mostly from other people that have written
7:44 Speaker 07 books in the career space on trying to identify that thing. But if you do, then you have just this immense kind of learning machine that goes on where I like to say, if you, one way to test if you're really in that lane or not, would you study about your field at night instead of watching Breaking Bad? Like, does it compete with what you would consider to be free time activities? Because for most of the people that are really on top of this thing, if a new article pops up, it's something they want to consume right away. And that work, or what some people would think of as work, doesn't require energy. In fact, I think it emits energy when they're able to think about this thing that they
8:29 Speaker 07 love so much. And so that's really the foundational block.
8:34 Speaker 07 After that, I'm a big believer in peer groups, which is something I don't think a lot of other people had really explored as much. And so finding people that are on the journey with you at the same time and embracing them. And we have some incredible examples in the book of people that did that early on and went on. The whole group went on to success. I think a lot of our learning from how to think about your career climb comes from zero sum games, comes from athletics and that kind of thing. And so some people come in sharp elbowed and there's no reason to. There's tons and tons of winners in any career path. And peers can be super helpful along the way.
9:18 Speaker 07 We added a chapter that wasn't in the presentation about going to the epicenter and probably have gotten some of the most positive feedback about that. There's a lot of reasons why a human would be afraid, for instance, to go launch their film career in LA or to just up and move to Silicon Valley. But I really think, and I could go into detail. I think there's just tons of reasons why that's going to maximize optionality for the individual. And then lastly, the last principle, there's six principles in the book, has to do with having a give back mindset from the very beginning. And I think that there's a self reinforcing loop that happens when you do that.
10:02 Ed Elson? What would you say to the people who take your views, take the knowledge, take the lessons, but then they say, well, AI is here now. And if we've got AI leaders telling us that half of entry level white collar work is going to be wiped out in the next one to five years, something that we have literally heard from people like Dari Amade and other AI leaders, that the rules of the game have just entirely changed now. If there were things that worked for you in your career, and we know that your career was a massive success, well, maybe it's not going to work this time around. What would you say to those people?
10:39 Speaker 07 There are a number of people, I think there was a Gallup poll survey in 2023 that said 59% of people were, they use this word quiet quitting, but I would say, you know, ambivalent about their job or indifferent. They're not, they're not engaged or passionate about their job. And to me, those are the ones, and unfortunately, it's a really big group of people, that are most at risk from AI. If you think about it, the rote best practice of yesterday is exactly what's in the models, right? Like, they've studied the best practice, what's in the textbooks, and it's put it in the models. The thing
11:19 Speaker 07 that's not in there is the stuff that's on the edge, you know, the creativity, the ideation of trying to understand the nuance in your field. And that, that kind of artisan mindset is, I think, part and parcel with these people that are fascinated by what they do. They're just constantly studying on the edge. And in some ways, I would say, people with high agency that are really fascinated about what they do, their life is accelerated by AI. There's the people that you meet where they go, "You won't believe what I did today. I got Clawbot to do this," you know? I've met a lot of, of what I might call local entrepreneurs
12:01 Speaker 07 who run businesses like, you know, storage facilities and whatnot. And, and they're like, "Oh, I needed a third location, and I asked it to map the city, and what intersection was best?" And they're like bouncing off the walls, you know, hyper excited about how their life's going to be easier with this, with this solution. And so, I, I think the answer is if you're high agency and super curious, it's an accelerator. But the unfortunate reality is, I'd say, the vast majority of people in, in, at least in the US, aren't in that place.
12:37 Ed Elson? Which seems to, for those people, if you're not curious, if you're not enthusiastic, if your low agency is probably an accelerator to the downside, which seems like it will widen the gap even more.
12:47 Speaker 07 It certainly would seem to me that you'd be more at risk in that, in that case. Like ambivalence becomes a bit of a problem. And the other thing that I, I would say, which is not something that's necessarily in the book, which is the best way to inoculate yourself against AI risk is to be the most AI-enabled version of yourself you can possibly be. And so to, to know in your field what it's capable of, and even just you could be more prescriptive, let's say there are 30 people in your role at your company. Let's say you're the one that knows the most about what AI can do in that functional group. You're the least at risk, like you're the one they're going to talk to about how to get leverage.
13:30 Speaker 07 So the worst thing you could possibly do would be to be skeptical about AI and angry about AI and, and to, to, you know, have blinders and not even try and play with it.
13:41 Scott Galloway? Bill, it's good to see you. I have a story about how we actually met and I'll use that as a lead into a question because I don't know if you've listened to the pod, but it's basically an excuse, it's basically an excuse for me to talk about me. So from 92 to 2000, I felt like I was at Sand Hill Road pitching some nice white dude every week, every week. And in 99, I was starting an e-commerce incubator in New York and it was backed by Goldman and JP Morgan and Mavron. And I thought, I need a Silicon Valley investor. And I met with a guy named Andy Ratcliffe.
14:20 Speaker 07 Yep.
14:21 Scott Galloway? And he said, it was either late 99, early 2000, he said, I want you to meet one of our new partners. And I rolled by and I shook your hand and all I remember thinking was this guy is taller than me sitting down.
14:35 Scott Galloway? And we, I think we met for like 10 seconds, but that was back in literally late 99, early 2000. I think you just joined Benchmark. Anyway, I haven't been back to Sand Hill Road in 26 years. If I were to go back now as an entrepreneur and try to raise money, how have, how has the business changed? How have the entrepreneurs changed? How has the companies that are the winners changed? Like, give me a, a, a vision of Sand Hill Road and the dynamics and the underpinnings in 2000 and then fast forward it to 2026?
15:20 Speaker 07 The industry has only systematically gotten more competitive through my entire career. And it was more competitive when I joined than it was 20 years before that when it was very oligopic. And it's way more competitive now as I move away from the venture industry. And that competitive dynamic in its, in its current form has resulted in really, really big checks going into any company that looks like it's breaking away. And most of those rounds now are, are done preemptively, meaning the company didn't decide to go out and raise money. There are investors with billion dollar funds who may not have
16:05 Speaker 07 that bumper sticker on their car who are calling saying, please, please take my money. And that's just a very different reality, you know, from, from where, from when I started. And today, you know, you'll read about a $300 million Series B. You know, the, the numbers were very small back in those days. I mean, these companies were going public with one or two million a quarter in revenue and, and not having raised that much money, like $20 million or something. Today, every company that is being identified as a winner is ingesting four or $500 million minimum before they even think about.
16:49 Speaker 07 Going public if they're ever going to think about that. So it's institutionalized in a way, somewhat similar to what happened to the P industry, you know, private equity industry 10 or 15 years ago. There are cycles of mania and obviously that timeframe you were talking about was a peak cycle in that way. And certainly, one could argue, things are manic today for a lot of different reasons.
17:18 Ed Elson? I think the big theme here is the money has gotten unbelievably big in a way that it wasn't before, to the point where, and this is something that Scott and I have discussed on our show, and I believe it's something you've talked about too, companies don't really need to go public anymore. At least, that's not what we're seeing with OpenAI. That's not what we're seeing with Anthropic. We're seeing these ridiculous rounds. We're seeing a series L rounds. We're seeing companies raising at $800 billion valuations. Like, these are insane numbers. And I try to think about like, why has this happened and what are the implications of this? It seems as though the institutions and the most moneyed
17:58 Ed Elson? individuals realize that there are a lot of gains to be had in the venture market. And so they poured into that market and it has resulted in going, in coming at the expense of, say, retail investors, where the way they would get into a great company like Amazon or Apple, as you say, who went public at far lower valuations, I think Amazon was like a billion dollars when it went public, they had that opportunity early, but they don't have that anymore. That's something that I worry about. I wonder if it's something that you worry about, too.
18:30 Speaker 07 I do. I worry about it quite a bit. And there's a number of, I mean, data points. So the number of public companies in the US is less than half of peak. And so we've really had a falloff in the number of companies that are actually public.
18:47 Speaker 07 Partially, you could blame that on just of a bureaucratic creep and I would say kind of a legal creep, right? The the number of like weird derivative lawsuits that are allowed are are part of what causes it to be expensive to be public. Um, there was another thing that happened. There used to be a shareholder threshold that would force you to go public and there were a number of companies that that literally had to file as a result of that mechanism. That has been whittled away and taken down. And then I'd say more, if if you're going to point the finger more directly, I would say the late-stage funds have have come up with a pretty clever premise, which is if
19:32 Speaker 07 they can intercept those growth years that used to be in the public markets and keep it for themselves in an oligopic kind of way, there there's there's only a handful of these really, really big funds, then um, then they get that growth. They they get to steal that that economic upside. Maybe steals is a strong word, but but simultaneously with telling the founder, you don't ever need to go public. They'll go around to the LP community, the endowments and foundations and say, look, these companies are no longer going public. If you want exposure to those growth years, guess who you need to give money to?
20:14 Speaker 07 You know, me. And so it becomes self-reinforcing and that's what's been happening. I also, one other thing that I think the the venture industry used to go through these periods and cycles where it would get reset and people would learn that you're taking too much risk and you'd get wiped out from like oh, one to oh, eight, the number of venture capitalists got cut in half. I think we were headed towards a correction like that coming off the ZERP years, the zero interest rate period. And right when it was about to be a correction, this AI wave took off and the money just flowed back in. So it's almost like I felt like we missed a bit of a correction and and and there's just risk-seeking dollars
20:57 Speaker 07 everywhere. Um, the thing that would cause it to stop is if somehow the money ran out. There was fear of a endowment tax causing a liquidity crisis at some of the foundations, Harvard and
21:12 Speaker 07 Yale, I think, got into the secondary market last year. And so there was, you know, a sign that, oh, wait, this could cause a liquidity crunch. And I think there's a reasonable argument, by the way, that both the commercial real estate, the venture capital, and the P E marks are all too high at all of those endowments and foundations. But that's a, that's a, that's a whole nother story.
21:39 Ed Elson? We'll be right back after the break. And if you're enjoying the show so far, please send it to a friend and follow us if you haven't already.
21:54 Speaker 00 This episode is brought to you by Michelob Ultra. Good times mean competitions between you and your friends, like seeing who can throw some pigskin the farthest or rush the field the fastest. Winner gets an ultra. Because it's not just a superior light beer, it's also giving fans superior access to their favorite sporting events. Superior is worth playing for. Visit michelobultra.com/superioraccess to enter. Enjoy responsibly. Copyright 2026 Anheuser Busch InBev Michelob Ultra Beer, St. Louis, Missouri.
22:23 Speaker 08 Blowing ad budget on metrics that look great till the CFO sees them? That's bull spend. And marketers are calling it out in Dashboard Confessions.
22:33 Speaker 05 I remember telling my boss, it'll be good for the brand, when leads were slow. Yeah, it, it wasn't.
22:40 Speaker 08 Cut the bull spend. LinkedIn lets you target by company, job title, and more. Advertise on LinkedIn. Spend $250 on your first campaign and get a $250 credit. Go to LinkedIn.com/campaign. Terms and conditions apply.
22:54 Speaker 09 Energía baja, falta de concentración, nebla mental, you might be dehydrated. Gatorade Zero Powders han sido diseñados científicamente para ayudarte a mejorar el balance de hidratación en el cuerpo. Hechos con la mezcla número uno de electrolitos, sin colores ni sabores artificiales. Shop now online or at retailers nationwide. Gatorade hydrates better than water. Is it in you? Signos de dehidratación leve y moderada. Consulta a tu médico si los síndomas persisten.
23:27 Ed Elson? We're back with Prof you markets. What do you think would happen? I mean, how would a correction play out? Are you worried that we are maybe about to face one in in this market? I know there are concerns in the private credit markets. There were seemingly concerns about AI that there was a bubble. Now that's slightly dissipated. We're seeing the value. We're seeing these incredible tools. What are your thoughts on the possibility of a correction? What would it look like?
23:54 Speaker 07 I mean, I always give credit to Carletta Perez, who wrote this book that says that bubbles follow waves that are real. So I disagree with this idea that that, oh, it's either it's either a bubble or it's real. Because that's what when you say, oh, there's a bubble, people go, oh, you don't believe in AI. Now, the fact that it's real causes people to get rich quick. And when people get rich quick, charlatans and speculators flood in and things get overheated. And I think that certainly has happened. I don't have any crystal ball to predict like what would cause it to reverse. I think the circular deals are horrific.
24:38 Speaker 07 I don't think the auditor should have approved them. And I think whenever you eventually have an unwinding, they're going to make it worse because they won't they won't be sustainable. You shouldn't be able to move cash from your balance sheet and and create revenue on your income statement. I just don't think that should be OK. But they're all doing it, like every single one of the big players is doing it.
25:01 Ed Elson? What would one of those big players say when you make that point to them? Because this is a point that that some people have been making, especially in financial media, the circular deals where Nvidia will invest in a company and the company pays them back. But your voice holds more weight in those rooms. And I'd be interested to hear what they how they respond when you say it.
25:23 Speaker 07 I explain the type of deals without naming a company or industry. I just explained the structure of them to chat GPT. And I would encourage anyone to go do this like it's a exercise. Anyone could do and it immediately started talking about WorldCom and Enron like like unprompted by me like I just said, what do you think about these types of structures? And you know, the the you can go back to the very first deal, which was Microsoft and OpenAI and there were credits involved. So you get equity for credits and then those credits are used, you know, to run workloads on Azure. That is cashless revenue for Microsoft. Like this, you just think about it, there's zero cash flow whatsoever and they're booking revenue.
26:08 Speaker 07 That's just it. At the very least, it's very low quality revenue. Um, and I don't know why the auditors didn't get in front of it. I suspect when and if there is a reset, they're they're all of a sudden become awakened and they'll change the rules and it won't be allowed in the future. But it's it it it's it's bad. It's bad accounting like it shouldn't. It shouldn't be happening and it it's unfortunately happening. You know, across the spectrum, like all all of the major players are doing it and the push you ask, what do they say? I mean, people have asked them, they say, well, it's not material. And I say, well, if it's not material, you shouldn't do it because it's causing concerns that I think is hurting.
26:49 Speaker 07 People want to understand why the Nvidia multiple won't go higher. I I think it's the circular deals like if like if if they're not material, don't do them. Like like, and then you'd be better off. But I do think from the very beginning, I think Nvidia has been concerned about customer concentration. And there's an odd amount of of distrust is a strong word, but there's a lack of trust amongst all these big players. Everyone's working with everyone's competitors.
27:20 Ed Elson? Where do you think that comes from? Because it sounds like what you're describing is a culture in the tech community. Where this is normalized and it has gradually become more and more normalized, the more that we have seen it. And I would add to this list, these sort of acquisitions that are fake acquisitions where you just. You have a contract with a startup and then you hire the employee. It's what Microsoft did with Inflection and it's basically an acquisition. And it seems to play into the same dynamic where you're kind of skirting around the rules. What is driving that?
27:53 Speaker 07 I think that second thing is a different dynamic, Ed. I think that has to do with getting around regulatory approval and the long window that that has. But I agree, once it becomes kind of normal, then the competitor, you know, imagine if you're in, you know, you work in AWS or you work in the Google Cloud business and you see that Microsoft deal and then you see them announce that yours is growing 35% and you've got pressure, you know, on yourself to compete in that market, you're going to go do the same deal. And they did go do the same deal. That's exactly what happened. They all did the same deals.
28:36 Ed Elson? Which seems to be like the exact recipe for a bubble where you're all chasing the same fake thing, which is fake revenue. Or is that an unfair way to put it?
28:50 Speaker 07 You don't necessarily have to call it fake. You could call it like souped up revenue, right? Especially like in the Nvidia case, they are giving money to a lot of nascent startups. And actually, the thing that Nvidia did that's probably most questionable is, so they propped up CoreWeave to, once again, expand the competitive set. But then they wrote a contract with CoreWeave that said if CoreWeave ever is, has extra capacity, we'll buy that capacity, which presumably helps it get more debt financing, that kind of thing. That, boy, I don't know how you could sit there and say, well, oh, that's
29:34 Speaker 07 a normal way to do business. And if the market's so hot, why do you need to do all this? Like, why, what's the point? But I do think it's become normalized. I think your word's perfect. And it's going to stay normalized until it's not.
29:49 Scott Galloway? So let's go back to 2000. Early tech CEOs, Chambers, Meg Whitman, Jeff Bezos, they were sort of seen as jobs, kind of modern day heroes. And it's much different today. Now, I would describe the perception of tech CEOs as they're Bond villains minus the charm. They're generally seen as having a victim complex, not being good for America, being so obsessed with shareholder value that they're willing to compromise the well-being of the Commonwealth.
30:19 Scott Galloway? Do you, eh, do you believe there's a fundamental change in the character and complexion of tech CEOs now versus, say, a quarter century ago? Or is it a perception problem?
30:29 Speaker 07 Yeah, I don't see anything that I would say is wildly different in the personality or their characteristics of the leaders. I've, I've, I've listened to, to you guys talk about this fear mongering that comes out of Anthropic. I, I've never seen anything like that in my entire life. Um, and I think you guys mentioned this, but the, the polling on AI fear in China is like 20% or something like that, and it's like 80 here in America. And I, I don't know of another reason for that other than some of the dooms, doomerism is loudest within the community itself. And, and that's stark.
31:12 Scott Galloway? Some of the founders.
31:13 Speaker 07 Yeah, and it's starting to have ramifications for the industry. You know, it's, it's, uh, but you, a number of data center projects has been stopped. You know, there's this weird situation where, and there was an article yesterday, I think, where half of the AI community is funding, like, one set of lobbyists do a super PAC and the other one's on the other side, and they're like thrashing amongst the regulators. It, it, I, I mean, prior to SBF, I've never seen a startup worry about regulation this much, you know, from the very beginning. And now, and now we're seeing it again here.
31:54 Speaker 07 It's, it's, it's pretty foreign to what, and I, I, I gave a speech a few years back about regulatory capture, and I said that the reason Silicon Valley works so well is it's so far away from Washington. These guys, these guys are rolling around in it.
32:09 Scott Galloway? So just along the lines of public policy, there's been a bunch of New tax proposals and some specific to California specifically, the wealth, proposed wealth tax has gotten a lot of attention. And then there's a narrative that if these taxes continue to go through, there's going to be an enormous exodus out of California. Do you, do you sense or see personally amongst your peer group an exodus? Because to date, I don't think there's a lot of evidence of it. The people with the most options in the world. Zuck's moving out. That's that would be my caveat, bro. Well, I'm Bezos. Zuck's moving to Miami. Bezos did live in Washington, but anyways, whenever I go to California, all I can, all I, the only question I have is why did I leave? But, but when, when you're there and
32:52 Scott Galloway? you're, you're rolling with these people, do you think it's a real issue? Or do you think it's overinflated?
32:56 Speaker 07 Well, I think Silicon Valley is, you know, going back to the chapter in my book, or go where the action is, is a, is an incredibly special place to be an entrepreneur. And the amount of, of learning and mentoring and partnering and like your, your ability to jump from one job to the other, it's like no other place on the planet. And it'll take a lot to upset that apple cart. I have a bit of a fresh perspective on the tax issue that comes from spending quite a bit of time in, in China over the years, which is one of the things China has done to kind of reach the, the level of success they have is the
33:38 Speaker 07 provinces competing with one another. And I went back and, and read a bit about like, you know, John Adams in, in the Federalist Papers was talking about state versus state competition. And, and I wonder if the, the best way to think about this is to shine a spotlight on what policies are working in certain states and which policies aren't working in certain states and almost, you know, amplify the different approaches to see what, what is best practice. I mean, as an example, the people, not everyone knows this, but in, in Austin, Texas, rental rates have fallen for four or five years in a row.
34:20 Speaker 07 While it's one of the fastest growing cities in the country. And so I happen to know people that fought for the NIMBY policies that were changed here. And that's an example of a policy that appears to be working. A lot of people like to talk about housing prices and a concern. And they pass policies where like government builds buildings for $500,000 a unit or something. And there's no proof that works. And so I like this idea of like state versus state competition.
34:52 Ed Elson? It's such an interesting point, the way that politics has played into the AI story, especially recently. In contrast with your previous point, which was your view on Silicon Valley and Silicon Valley's success is it was very, very far away from DC. These were very separate worlds. And it does, you bring up this point, it's got me thinking like, it does seem as though the worlds of Silicon Valley and Washington are starting to kind of mesh into one another. And we're even seeing, you know, many tech executives, tech investors, David Sacks would be an example, moving into Washington, taking up positions in government. And the two are becoming intertwined.
35:35 Ed Elson? I just naturally have like an uneasiness, I guess, about that concept, but I'm not exactly sure why. So I'd be interested to hear what you make of that. Why is that happening? And what does it mean for the future?
35:49 Speaker 07 I mean, I share that unease with you, Ed, and but it comes from a place of, there was a, there's a phrase, I think, Andreessen Horowitz used a lot called little tech. And what they mean is the two-person entrepreneur, you know, and there's this idealism that many of us that have lived in Silicon Valley and practiced venture capital. Love to believe that two people on a PowerPoint can create a new idea and become disruptive and, and create this, you know, huge company and, and economic wealth and whatnot. If. If every new category is immensely regulated, that that kind of goes away, right? Because you need people with connections, you need.
36:31 Speaker 07 And and part of what's driving, you know, what you're talking about is, you know, crypto, which got started without it, but now is heavily dependent on whether or not regulation goes a certain way. Um, many venture capitalists have gotten comfortable with funding military equipment companies, which wasn't a thing ever during my careers of venture capitalists. That requires connections and and approvals and spending tons of time, you know, at the Pentagon. So so there are these new, there's these new areas there and now AI where very young companies are begging for regulation, which is not anything I've seen, you know, in my career either. So I I agree that it's happening.
37:14 Speaker 07 It makes me uneasy because I like to believe in this more idealistic world than than one where, you know, who you know matters to get a startup off the ground. And there and there's places in between, like, I think, you know, the fact that I can earn 4% on my Circle stablecoin via Coinbase is awesome and disruptive to a heavily regulatory captured finance industry that's been that way for 50 years. And there's a battle that's, you know, there's an article out today where the Circle stock is down because there's a draft that wants to make it illegal for them to pay that yield.
37:57 Speaker 07 So that's one where I'm kind of in the middle. Like, I I think the the bigger regulatory capture is is the actual banks and not crypto. I think stablecoins could be wildly disruptive. But once those stablecoin companies become big, will they turn around and use regulatory capture against the next one? Probably. I think regulatory capture in the US is a huge problem, unrelated to whether Silicon Valley is a part of it or not.
38:25 Ed Elson? Yeah, it sounds like we probably all agree that what is best is for a market where the disruption is readily available and it's frequent, where that can happen. You can have a new guy enter the scene, burst onto the scene and then create real disruption, create real value. And when you look at the the most valuable companies in the world today, it's like. They're all kind of the same handful of companies and they're all acquiring the same talent in the AI space. I mean, I guess the new players are OpenAI as an example, but then you look at the shelves of OpenAI, Microsoft being one of them who owns a significant portion of their profits. It's like it all seems to be the same handful of players.
39:09 Ed Elson? And I guess the next question becomes, how do you address that? Like if we want to create a world, especially in the venture capital industry, where young, new talent can succeed and they can take on the big players like Meta, like Microsoft, how do you actually create that environment?
39:30 Speaker 07 A skeptic would push back on you and say OpenAI and Anthropic came out of nowhere and they're already huge. And someone I think could even make the argument that they may have done to their host what Microsoft did to IBM. It's not clear to me that owning a piece of the thing protects you against disruption, right? And there's a chance that they've already birthed these two companies into a place where they're going to turn around and be disruptive to the people that gave them the money. I think that's possible. If you separate those two things and just look at maybe the Mag7 pre-AI and look at
40:12 Speaker 07 how big they got. I've talked to a few people in the public policy world that look at that type of problem. And I do kind of think that breaking stuff up is the better alternative to trying to regulate them. Because when they regulate them, the incumbents help write the regulations. I think it just further ensconces them. There was a period where they broke up AT&T and disqualified their patent portfolio and that birthed all kind of innovation. I think that had Microsoft not been under threat in the late 90s, you may not have seen Amazon or Google or a lot of companies, you may not have seen.
40:57 Speaker 07 I've seen if they had been allowed to push through the browser the way they had moved up the app stack and they were certainly capable of it, but they got they got there was kind of a ring fence put around the browser. So if if if we believe network effects or something are making these companies too big and you want to do something and I'm not arguing you have to, but you want to do something. I think the dismantling doing something abrupt in one time that changes the field is better than trying to, you know, say, prove to us you're not like the people try this with Google all the time. Prove to us you're not favoring your
41:38 Speaker 07 own products over the competitors in Google search. Like there's like the ability to enforce that over the long run is very difficult.
41:48 Ed Elson? What happens when you make that claim in Silicon Valley? Because I feel like it's been people have pushed for it, but it's been shut down because it's it's it's too much. It's overbearing. You can't just come in and break things up. Like, how do people in Silicon Valley, the leaders and the decision makers react when you suggest that that might actually be a good idea?
42:10 Speaker 07 I mean, I don't think they talk about it a lot. The people that that are sitting in the positions of power at those big companies are obviously going to push back and tell you how competitive their world is and say, you know, if you're if you're soon to are, you're going to say, look, OpenAI is competing with search like they just came out of nowhere like this is highly competitive. I don't know that you're going to get any unique insight out of them. But look, the the point of there's a concept in economic theory called pure competition. And there's a Wikipedia page on it. But the idea is that if you have like capitalism thrives when you have pure competition and marginal, you know, revenue goes down to marginal costs.
42:55 Speaker 07 And if we have companies that are that are extracting excessive rent for extremely long periods of time and have really, really high margins, it's indicative, I would argue, this, I don't think you're going to get a lot of other people in Silicon Valley that would be willing to say this, but it might be indicative of of market failure rather than market success.
43:21 Ed Elson? We'll be right back and for even more markets content, sign up for our newsletter at profgmedia.substack.com.
43:38 Speaker 00 This episode is brought to you by Michelob Ultra. Good times mean competitions between you and your friends, like seeing who can throw some pigskin the farthest or rush the field the fastest. Winner gets an ultra because it's not just a superior light beer, it's also giving fans superior access to their favorite sporting events. Superior is worth playing for. Visit michelobultra.com/superioraccesstoenter. Enjoy responsibly. Copyright 2026 Anheuser Busch. In Bev Michelob Ultra Beer, St. Louis, Missouri.
44:06 Speaker 08 Flowing ad budget on metrics that look great till the CFO sees them? That's bullspend and marketers are calling it out in Dashboard Confessions.
44:16 Speaker 05 I remember telling my boss, it'll be good for the brand when leads were slow. Yeah, it wasn't.
44:23 Speaker 08 Cut the bullspend. LinkedIn lets you target by company, job title, and more. Advertise on LinkedIn. Spend $250 on your first campaign and get a $250 credit. Go to LinkedIn.com/campaign. Terms and conditions apply.
44:37 Speaker 09 Energía baja, falta de concentración, nebla mental? You might be dehydrated. Gatorade Zero Powders han sido diseñados científicamente para ayudarte a mejorar el balance de hidratación en el cuerpo. Hechos con la mezcla número uno de electrolitos, sin colores ni sabores artificiales. Shop now online or at retailers nationwide. Gatorade hydrates better than water. Is it in you? Signos de dehidratación leve y moderada. Consulta a tu médico si los síntomas persisten.
45:11 Ed Elson? We're back with Prof G Markets.
45:13 Scott Galloway? When you think about an ecosystem, you, well, I'm going to ask more a more specific question. You're not necessarily your best investment, but your most famous investment is Uber. And autonomous is getting a ton of attention right now. And I said on on Pivot that I thought. The biggest winner in, and I'm talking your book a little bit here, the biggest winner in autonomous may not be Waymo, it may be Uber. I'm curious, I would love to just get your recognizing, I don't know if you've sold out your shares, but recognizing you're going to have a bit of a bias here. Break down for us who you think as someone who's been early to the game, not in autonomous, but in ride hailing, who you think the winners and losers will be in autonomous?
45:55 Speaker 07 Well, I think it depends heavily on whether or not there is demonstrable differentiation at different levels in the stack. So, all things being equal, I would say that the network effect of the Uber system, which is what I think led to the wild success, would stay intact. If there were one vendor in autonomous that got so far out in front of everyone else, then that person's going to have the ability to disrupt, up to a certain level. And so, the peak from, or the difference from peak to trough every day is about 4X.
46:39 Speaker 07 And so, it's pretty easy for a Waymo to compete in the first 25% of a market. As you try and go up, you'd have to ask yourself questions about how active you want and utilization rates that you want, because you can't, you can't really build a fleet to peak, if you understand what I'm saying. And so, you know, we'll see. I mean, obviously, what DAR is doing is running out and partnering with every AV vendor possible he can. The approach that I had been pushing for, which didn't play out, but was one where you
47:22 Speaker 07 would actually embrace open source ideals around the autonomous stack, is in as many places as you can, because if that piece of the stack's more of a commodity, then the network will win. There's just no doubt about it.
47:38 Scott Galloway? So, distinctive professional advice around what industry to go into? What advice would you have for your, a lot of young people listen to the show, especially young men, what advice, maybe on a more personal level, would you offer to your 25-year-old self?
47:53 Speaker 07 Well, I have a hard time not reflecting on the book that I've been talking so much about in this window, and I just, I've come to believe that if you, if you were pointed at something that you just have a remarkable obsession with, and other people have made that statement, Paul Graham has this statement about disinterested obsession, you're just gonna, you're gonna have all this energy to excel yourself past everyone else. And it may be that that's impossible for some, like they just don't have that thing
48:34 Speaker 07 that they're most obsessed with, but I think your job security is higher being differentiated and being a constant learner in almost any field than you are picking a field because you think the field is safe if you enter that field and you're ambivalent about whether you're making yourself better or not.
48:56 Scott Galloway? Phil, do you have children?
48:57 Speaker 07 Yes.
48:58 Scott Galloway? Any thoughts to young, or any advice to young dads?
49:01 Speaker 07 I mean, I listen to a lot of your stuff, Scott, and I agree with most of what you say, like, it's, there is a, we've gotten ourselves in this game, Jonathan Haidt calls it the resume arms race, where, starting in sixth grade, we're so worried about the child getting into a good school that we start overpacking their schedule with lacrosse lessons and Mandarin lessons and volunteering at the SBCA, like, we're just, the kids today, their schedules are so booked relative to when I grew up, and there's not a lot of
49:41 Speaker 07 free time, and by the time they get to the end of their senior year in college, they're so tired, they're just tired of grinding, that they want to just, like, take a year off, or they just want to relax, or they're like, really burnt out, and so... This is part of why, part of the reason why I tilt towards this fascination thing is it just doesn't feel like a grind. Like if you can get someone in a lane doing something that they, that they really get emotional, you hear this word flow, like, like if, if that's part of what they're doing, then I think, I think they got a better chance of, of being, feeling fulfilled and not having anxiety.
50:24 Ed Elson? What would be your advice to someone who is trying to seek that flow state? Like, they know that in order to win, especially in a world of AI, they need to be enthusiastic, have a lot of interest, curiosity, high energy, but they can't locate that. What would be your advice to them?
50:44 Speaker 07 Keep exploring, keep looking. Like, don't, there's a, there's a, Dave Evans has these stats that like, five years after college, 40% of people are no longer in their major and like 10 years after, it's a much higher number. And so I think, I worry that we, we put these children through so much of a grind, they have almost a sunk cost fallacy, that they have to deliver in that lane. And it, and it's just not true. So I think being open minded to the notion that you can move around and explore is, is useful. There's a, there's a, a really cool idea I stole from one of the acquired podcasts.
51:27 Speaker 07 There's where he created a side hustle at every job he went to, which is pretty, pretty unique idea, but when he would land, he would say, if I'm willing to work extra, will you let me do this other thing also? So he got two shots on goal, if you will, at the same time. And at Microsoft, he helped create Microsoft Garage, which was differentiating for him and caused him to meet a bunch of entrepreneurs he wouldn't have met otherwise. That got him into a job at a venture capitalist at Mavron, and he asked them as a side hustle if he could do a podcast. And you can see where that took him there. And so that's just one. There's many other ideas in the book, but like, keep exploring, keep moving
52:07 Speaker 07 around, keep looking for it. And even in that movement process, I think you can differentiate yourself.
52:14 Ed Elson? My final question, this is ultimately a market show where we try to understand markets and try to get rich. You are a legendary investor. What is the difference between a good investor and a great investor in your view?
52:31 Speaker 07 The first thing that popped in my mind, Ed, is just like being a student of the game and like studying. And, and this is advice I have in my book for anyone in any field. But like, there are a handful of investors who have read all Buffett's letters and, and kind of hang on every word when Howard Marks puts out a new letter. There's, there's a ton of information out there about investing and, and people or rating today. I mean, one of the most amazing things about this AI world is if you want to learn something, it's never been easier in the history of the world to go learn and study. There's,
53:14 Speaker 07 there's podcasts with people like yourselves. There's YouTube videos, interviews with people. Like you can go study, study, study. I think, I think Toby from Shopify, someone asked him his number one piece of advice. He just said, read more books. And I, I really, for me, that's the thing. Like the people that are best at it are students of it, like constantly studying it. And, and, and by the way, if you have that mindset and you make a wrong investment, or someone invest in a company that you said no to, it triggers in your brain, oh shit, I've got something else to learn. And that, that creates anxiety. Oh, I gotta go understand why that smart investor thought differently than I did. So that it
53:59 Speaker 07 all goes back to that like infinite curiosity in your field.
54:03 Ed Elson? Bill Gurley has been general partner at Benchmark Capital since 1999. Prior to Benchmark, Bill was a partner with Hummer Windbud Venture Partners and a top-ranked research analyst on Wall Street. Before his investment career, Bill was a design engineer at Compact Computer. Bill authors the long-running Above the Crowd blog, which focuses on the evolution and economics of high-technology businesses. His new book, Runnin Down a Dream: How to Thrive in a Career You Actually Love, is available now. Bill, this was a pleasure. Thank you so much.
54:34 Speaker 07 Thanks for having me on.
54:35 Scott Galloway? Thanks, Bill. Nice to see you.
54:46 Ed Elson? Ed, what'd you think? I'm a big fan of this guy. I think he is a legend of the game. And I was kind of, I was happy to hear him speak candidly about the problems in the industry that seem to have grown. I just think it's always refreshing when a leader is able to kind of just be unrestrained and say, this is a real problem. Especially when he talked about the circular deals. I think the question increasingly becomes, what are we going to do about it? Maybe it's just going to be that you need a self-correcting mechanism in the same way that it's always been. But I appreciate his willingness to just discuss it so openly. And I think his advice to young people is also great.
55:31 Ed Elson? I totally agree with his views on curiosity and how essential that is in an AI era. What did you think?
55:38 Scott Galloway? He's right about the circular deals. The whole community has gotten so strange. I think that the community has basically said, we're over invested. We can no longer get market returns for our LPs by doing what we're supposed to do. And that is find small companies and nurture them along the way and do the hard work. So we're going to basically migrate upwards. And they have custody of the consumer, just the same way Uber has custody of the consumer and then can put in front of them whatever autonomous technology that Uber controls. Or the same way Apple can extract $20 billion from a search engine because they have custody of the billion wealthiest consumers in the world. VCs recognize they had custody of the relationship with the entrepreneur.
56:22 Scott Galloway? So what they said is, okay, if you're scaling, instead of handing you over to Goldman Sachs and the public markets, we're going to maintain that custody of the relationship and we're going to continue to fund you. So we're going to essentially maintain that custody of the relationship and the returns, until which point all the returns have been squeezed out of this shit. And then we'll force our shit on the public markets as a last stop in the financing round. So they have migrated upstream. In order to do that, they now have to and can raise tens of billions of dollars and then put it to work in what traditionally would be the financing ecosystem of the public markets, which you have.
57:00 Scott Galloway? Spoken a lot about that the downside of that is that the average retail investor no longer has access to those returns. I mean, I think when I think when Google went public, it had a valuation of
57:12 Ed Elson? Couple billion dollars, I think.
57:13 Scott Galloway? Yeah.
57:13 Ed Elson? Inflation adjusted. Yeah.
57:16 Scott Galloway? If Alphabet started today, it would have gone public when it was worth $2 trillion.
57:21 Ed Elson? It would go public now. Yeah.
57:23 Scott Galloway? Yeah. So it's it's an entirely different ecosystem. It's it's also incredible, like most industries that as they or a lot of it's the Gini coefficient is really high. And that is it's not only a small number of firms making all the returns. It's a small number of partners at a small number of firms because it's all about deal flow. Like when I was when I was raising money, there were just two or three VC firms. If you got a term sheet from Kleiner, Sequoia, and then actually Benchmark was sort of the emerging Pepsi generation. If you got a term sheet from one of those three, you took it. Because what it did was it can noted your ability to raise capital further down the road because of the good housekeeping seal of approval. Whereas when you go public, Goldman taking
58:06 Scott Galloway? you public gets you a pop, but a year later, no one cares who took you public. So it in it's now played out in spades. If you get a term sheet from general catalyst, you know, you're going to take, you're going to take their money because and so as a result, they see everything. So the the aggregation and capital of the returns have all been clustered. I mean, there are, there are so many VC funds, the kill zone, and this is true in private equity and hedge funds and in VCs. There's the Titanic iconic brands that are able to raise this billions of dollars and to get all the deal flow. There's the hyper focused funds that do high speed frequency trading for, you know, utility stocks in Spain that are just so focused.
58:51 Scott Galloway? And and then everyone in the middle is in the kill zone. They're just getting taken out. You know, God help you if you're a $400 million hedge, long, short hedge fund, or a, you know, a one or $3 billion private equity fund right now. That's not very focused. It's just everyone wants to be in, you know, TPG or Citadel or or General Calluses. And then and there's some tiny niche ones that are super focused and everyone in the middle is just getting crushed.
59:19 Ed Elson? It's so interesting because part of what he was describing, when you asked that question to Bill about how has this industry changed? How has Silicon Valley changed? Part of what he was describing was this transition from a world that was predicated on the underdog, the insurgent versus the big players and the institutions. And over time, slowly crystallizing into its own form of institutional bureaucracy of a different kind, sort of the transition from little tech to big tech, where we all we used to be, we want to disrupt, we want to disrupt, we want to take on the big dogs. And suddenly you wake up 20 years later and now we're the big dogs. And it's the same dynamic when it comes to what he described between DC versus Silicon Valley.
1:00:05 Ed Elson? And his view was Silicon Valley was a great place because it got away from the regulators. It got away from the bureaucracy. We were there was the Wild West. We were the insurgents and now we find them all migrating back into Washington and now they are becoming part of the establishment. And so you could almost sense the cognitive dissonance in Bill where he knows like this isn't who we are. This is not what this was supposed to be. But suddenly in 2026, all of these players have become their own form of institutional bureaucracy. They are their own form of of the big dogs. And we're all kind of sitting there like, well, what happened to the underdog? What happened to all the excitement about that and the disruptors coming in? And he said it himself.
1:00:50 Ed Elson? The people in Silicon Valley don't want companies to get broken up. They don't want to see that disruption because they don't want to be disrupted. They are those companies now. It's a very interesting dynamic of power.
1:01:02 Scott Galloway? Also, he, the other interesting point was he said he felt there was a lot of catastrophizing around AI.
1:01:06 Ed Elson? That was interesting, too. Yeah.
1:01:08 Scott Galloway? Well, good. I'm glad you enjoyed it. And I just want you to go raise money from a venture capitalist and have a down quarter and see how much you think they're great guys.
1:01:15 Ed Elson? Yeah, yeah, you're right. I should try it.
1:01:18 Scott Galloway? I'll play that role with you. You know what? This bonus season, I'm going to act like a VC.
1:01:27 Ed Elson? I like it. I like it. I'm going to impress you. I'm going to raise a big old bonus.
1:01:30 Scott Galloway? There you go.
1:01:34 Ed Elson? This episode was produced by Claire Miller and Allison Weiss and engineered by Benjamin Spencer. Our video editor is Jorge Carti. Our research team is Dan Shiloh, Isabella Kinsel, Christian O'Donoghue, and Mia Silverio. Jake McPherson is our social producer. Drew Burrows is our technical director and Catherine Dillon is our executive producer. Thank you for listening to Property Markets from Property Media. If you like what you heard, give us a follow and join us for a fresh take on markets on Monday.
1:02:36 Speaker 10 Now at Kroger, your points add up to more ways to save every trip. Use them your way to take dollars off groceries at checkout or save at the pump. You can even save up to $35 on your next fill-up. Same points, more choices. And with low prices on fresh, quality food, plus digital and personalized offers tailored to how you shop, your dollar goes further. Redeem your points online or in the app. Kroger, fresh for everyone. Restrictions apply. See site or store for details.
1:03:06 Speaker 11 Close your eyes, exhale, feel your body relax, and let go of whatever you're carrying today. Well, I'm letting go of the worry that I wouldn't get my new contacts in time for this class. I got them delivered free from 1-800-CONTACTS. Oh my gosh, they're so fast. And breathe. Oh, sorry. I almost couldn't breathe when I saw the discount they gave me on my first order. Oh, sorry. Namaste. Visit 1-800-CONTACTS.com today to save on your first order. 1-800-CONTACTS.
1:03:37 Speaker 12 Booking.com is the easiest way. From a day surrounded by noise...
1:03:49 Speaker 12 ...to a state...
1:03:52 Speaker 12 ...surrounded by nature.
1:03:56 Speaker 12 That's nice.
1:03:59 Speaker 12 Go on, book it. It's easy. Booking.com. Booking dot yeah.
Previous The $1.5B Insider Trade Before Trump’s Iran Post — ft. Anthony Scaramucci Next Trump’s Economic Playbook Is Failing Page updated October 26, 2026 · transcript and summary are machine-generated
