Chris on AI, autonomous swarming, home automation and Rust!

This episode is a special crossover between the Practical AI podcast and The Changelog podcast. Chris was recently invited by longtime friends Jerod Santo and Adam Stacoviak, cohosts of The Changelog, to join them on the show. They discuss AI, drones, robotics, swarming technology, and the rise of high-performance edge computing with Rust. Chris points out that open source software, small AI models, and affordable hardware are making home automation and local AI accessible to everyone. From automating household functions to experimenting with drones and single-board computers, Chris describes how hands-on maker projects are shaping a bright future for physical AI, on small budgets and right from the comfort of your own home. Featuring: Jerod Santo – LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/jerodsanto/Adam Stacoviak – LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/adamstacoviak/Chris Benson – Website https://chrisbenson.com/, LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/chrisbenson, Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/chrisbenson.bsky.social, GitHub https://github.com/chrisbenson, X https://x.com/chrisbensonSponsors: Miro – Get the right things done faster with Miro's Innovation Workspace. AI Sidekicks, instant insights, and rapid prototyping—transform weeks of work into days. No more scattered docs or endless meetings. Help your teams get great done at Miro.com https://miro.com/. Shopify – The commerce platform trusted by millions. From idea to checkout, Shopify gives you everything you need to launch and scale your business—no matter your level of experience. Build beautiful storefronts, market with built-in AI tools, and tap into the platform powering 10% of all U. S. eCommerce. Start your one-dollar trial at shopify.com/practicalai http://shopify.com/practicalaiUpcoming Events: Register for upcoming webinars here https://practicalai.fm/webinars! This week we have extended show notes below from Chris! Swarming & Fully Autonomous Multi-Agent UxV Systems Chris’s Definition of Swarming (anchor link in show notes) Chris’s definition of Swarming “Swarming occurs when numerous independent fully-autonomous multi-agentic platforms exhibit highly-coordinated locomotive and emergent behaviors with agency and self-governance in any domain (air, ground, sea, undersea, space), functioning as a single independent logical distributed decentralized decisioning entity for purposes of C3 (command, control, communications) with human operators on-the-loop, to implement actions that achieve strategic, tactical, or operational effects in the furtherance of a mission.” © 2025 Chris BensonConceptual Foundations Swarm Robotics – Wikipedia High-level overview of swarm robotics as decentralized robot collectives. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_robotics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_robotics?utm_source=chatgpt.comSwarm Robotic Platforms – Wikipedia Survey of hardware platforms used in swarm robotics research. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_robotic_platforms https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_robotic_platforms?utm_source=chatgpt.comSwarm Intelligence – Wikipedia Broader algorithms and theory behind collective intelligence (beyond robots). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_intelligence https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_intelligence?utm_source=chatgpt.comAnt Robotics – Wikipedia Nature-inspired “ant-like” robotics as a special case of swarm robotics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant_robotics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant_robotics?utm_source=chatgpt.comOpen Research & Multi-Robot Resources (Stepping-Stones Toward True Swarms) Programming Multiple Robots with ROS 2 (online book) Free book on multi-robot systems, ROS 2, and the Robot Middleware Framework (RMF). https://osrf.github.io/ros2multirobotbook https://osrf.github.io/ros2multirobotbook/?utm_source=chatgpt.comSimulation with ROS 2 & Gazebo (ROS 2 Humble tutorial) Official tutorial on connecting ROS 2 to Gazebo simulation. https://docs.ros.org/en/humble/Tutorials/Advanced/Simulators/Gazebo/Gazebo.html https://docs.ros.org/en/humble/Tutorials/Advanced/Simulators/Gazebo/Gazebo.html?utm_source=chatgpt.comSpawning Multiple Robots in Gazebo with ROS 2 Hands-on tutorial to launch N robots in Gazebo, each with its own namespace. https://www.theconstruct.ai/spawning-multiple-robots-in-gazebo-with-ros2 https://www.theconstruct.ai/spawning-multiple-robots-in-gazebo-with-ros2/?utm_source=chatgpt.comROS 2 Multi-Robot Simulation Best Practices (Discourse thread) Discussion of patterns for multi-robot systems (domains, namespaces, Nav2, etc.). https://discourse.openrobotics.org/t/multi-robot-simulation-best-practices/38987 https://discourse.openrobotics.org/t/multi-robot-simulation-best-practices/38987?utm_source=chatgpt.comGetting Hands-On: Consumer Robotics, ROS 2 & Gazebo ROS 2 (Robot Operating System 2) Official ROS 2 Documentation – Humble (LTS) Main docs for ROS 2 Humble (recommended distro) with tutorials and APIs. https://docs.ros.org/en/humble https://docs.ros.org/en/humble/ROS 2 Installation Guide (Humble) Step-by-step install on supported platforms. https://docs.ros.org/en/humble/Installation.html https://docs.ros.org/en/humble/Installation.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com“From Zero to Robotics Hero: A Beginner’s Guide to ROS 2” (article) Beginner-friendly overview with ideas for where to go next (MoveIt, Nav2, multi-robot, etc.). https://riyagoja.medium.com/from-zero-to-robotics-hero-a-beginners-guide-to-ros-2-90ac9c3b87ba https://riyagoja.medium.com/from-zero-to-robotics-hero-a-beginners-guide-to-ros-2-90ac9c3b87ba?utm_source=chatgpt.comROS 2 Tutorial for Beginners (2025 guide) Up-to-date intro that walks you from install to simulating your first robot in 2025. https://www.timesofexplore.com/2025/10/ros2-tutorial-beginners-build-first-robot-2025.html https://www.timesofexplore.com/2025/10/ros2-tutorial-beginners-build-first-robot-2025.html?utm_source=chatgpt.comGazebo Simulation Gazebo Sim – Official Site Modern Gazebo (Ignition) simulator; models, worlds, and docs. https://gazebosim.org https://gazebosim.org/?utm_source=chatgpt.comGetting Started with Gazebo (Docs) Official “start here” guide for using Gazebo and Gazebo Fuel assets. https://gazebosim.org/docs/latest/getstarted https://gazebosim.org/docs/latest/getstarted/?utm_source=chatgpt.comClassic Gazebo Tutorials (still useful for fundamentals) https://classic.gazebosim.org/tutorials https://classic.gazebosim.org/tutorials?utm_source=chatgpt.commicro-ROS (ROS 2 on Microcontrollers) micro-ROS – ROS 2 for Microcontrollers Official site for running ROS 2 on tiny embedded boards. https://micro.ros.org https://micro.ros.org/?utm_source=chatgpt.commicro-ROS GitHub Organization Repositories, examples, and tutor...

• 0:03Speaker 00

  Welcome to the Practical AI Podcast, where we break down the real-world applications of artificial intelligence and how it's shaping the way we live, work, and create. Our goal is to help make AI technology practical, productive, and accessible to everyone. Whether you're a developer, business leader, or just curious about the tech behind the buzz, you're in the right place. Be sure to connect with us on LinkedIn, X, or Blue Sky to stay up to date with episode drops, behind-the-scenes content, and AI insights. You can learn more at practicalai.fm. Now, onto the show.

• 0:48Speaker 01

  This is Chris Benson, co-host of the Practical AI Podcast. I was recently invited by my good friends Jared Santo and Adam Stacoviak to be their guest on the Chain Log Podcast, which is one of the most popular open-source and software development podcasts in the world. Though independent now, Practical AI used to be part of the Chain Log family of podcasts, and we remain very close. We have reproduced that Chain Log episode to be this Practical AI episode. And in this episode, we're going to cover a wide variety of topics: AI, drones, robotics, swarming, home automation, and the Rust programming language. I hope you enjoy our conversation as much as I did.

• 1:31Speaker 02

  Today, we have Chris Benson, Practical AI co-host and longtime friend. Welcome to the show, Chris.

• 1:38Speaker 01

  Hey, thanks a lot. It's great to be on the guest side of the equation here.

• 1:42Speaker 02

  Yeah, you've been interviewing folks for a long time, but now you, sir, are being interviewed, so to speak.

• 1:47Speaker 01

  Mm-hmm, indeed.

• 1:48Speaker 02

  Does that make you nervous?

• 1:50Speaker 01

  Well, I got to, you know, you guys taught me everything I know. So like, yeah, a little bit. It's kind of like...

• 1:55Speaker 02

  We know back a few tricks. We're going to unleash them on you on this show.

• 1:57Speaker 01

  Oh, my God, okay. So, but, but, yeah, like, you know, you guys were the, you guys were the OG originals. So, Daniel Whitenack and I learned everything we know from you guys, so...

• 2:10Speaker 02

  Well, you guys are good at what you do, so I'll take that as a compliment. Yeah.

• 2:13Speaker 01

  Well, thank you.

• 2:14Speaker 03

  What's funny is how back, well, how far back we go. I think there's some context to give here. And Jared, just for an exercise here, I went and searched the name Benson because Chris's last name is Benson

• 2:24Speaker 02

  Correct.

• 2:25Speaker 03

  in my calendar, just to see. If the history was there and literally April 3rd at 10:30 a.m. Chris Benson on Skype. Hmm. That's how far, that's how far back. What's the year? 2018. Did I not say the year? My bad. No, you didn't. April 3rd, 2018, Chris Benson, 10:30 a.m. Skype. That's what you're doing.

• 2:47Speaker 01

  That was way back when we used Skype, you know?

• 2:50Speaker 03

  That's right. We had to. That was so wild. It was our only option. And that's what the, that was the original conversation that started the host, co-host, Practical AI. I think it was a data show back then even. I'm not even sure if it had a name. It didn't have a name yet. The beginnings of Practical AI and, and this long history of relationship.

• 3:09Speaker 01

  It was funny because I, I know I had reached out to you guys and then like, so, you know, there was, you guys had GoTime and, you know, there, you know, there was this kind of changelog, you know, family that was already there and, and I wasn't part of it yet. But, um, Daniel and I were, Daniel Whitenack and I were both, um, kind of the data AI people in the Go community at the time. And, um, and so like, I was thinking, you know, I was listening to changelog and stuff and thinking, boy, you know, maybe it's, maybe these guys need to start an AI, you know, focused, uh, podcast or something. And I was thinking, but like, I'd like to do that, but I was thinking, but I need, I need somebody to do it with. And I was thinking, I gotta reach out to Daniel, you know, he's the other AI data.

• 3:54Speaker 01

  So I reached out to Daniel and he's like, oh, by the way, I just started talking to Jared and Adam about this. And like, I was like, perfect. I just sent them a message. So the timing, yeah, it all just came together. The timing was perfect.

• 4:07Speaker 03

  You guys were so far ahead of the curve.

• 4:09Speaker 01

  Yeah. Well, it was like, it was very clear. If you were really plugged into the AI world at that point, it was very clear that this was going, like, you know, like where it was going, who knows, you know, things change all the time, but like, it was very clear by that time that the gas pedal was on. And you know, sky was the limit and there was some kind of journey ahead. And at that point, Daniel and I wanted, we wanted to be steering that, that journey for everybody. And that was how, you know, and you guys were awesome in terms of thing.

• 4:40Speaker 02

  Oh, thank you.

• 4:40Speaker 01

  This would be fantastic and we'd love to do it. And you know, that was back in 2018 and here we are in 2025, late 2025.

• 4:48Speaker 02

  Yeah, things have changed, but have stayed the same as well. Here's a funny story that you might not know, Chris. I've given you credit for this before, but I don't think I ever told you this, which is at some point, the four of us were on a call and this is like post launching Practical AI, but pre chat GPT moment. And you were lamenting that we like missed Nvidia or something like you, you, we were talking about the run up. I think Nvidia had just had a huge run up with regards to first it was gaming, but then also, you know, machine learning was kind of starting to take off. And you were like, man, I can't believe like, look at Nvidia. It's crazy that hockey's hit growth on that stock. You're like, but well, we're too late now, we're too late. And this is like 29, this is like 2019.

• 5:31Speaker 01

  I was so wrong.

• 5:32Speaker 02

  Yeah. Here's the funny part, Chris, is I thought to myself, are we though? I said, I was like, are we? And I actually left that call and I went, I bought a little bit of Nvidia stock thinking, you know, if Chris thinks we're too late, this guy's always ahead of everything. So I think he's ahead. So I, I have to thank you for a stock tip that has paid off nicely.

• 5:50Speaker 01

  You're welcome. You buy contrary to my advice, but that's maybe that's, that's probably, uh, that's probably.

• 5:57Speaker 02

  Right. So I need to talk to you more often and kind of do the opposite thing.

• 6:00Speaker 01

  Yeah. There you go.

• 6:01Speaker 02

  So yeah, thanks for that. That was cool. Unfortunately, I didn't buy enough to like, just quit everything else and, and retire. But you know, I'm still, I'm happy that you thought we missed it.

• 6:11Speaker 01

  I'm, I'm glad I was wrong on that. They've done amazing things and like, you know, I think it's kind of funny, you know, just in AI in general, you know, AI has been around at some level, even, even the modern form of AI has been around for decades. You know, it's not a recent thing because like I got introduced to it by my, my parents, who were actually, who are technical, technical people, um, Georgia Tech and Lockheed and things like that. And they were doing stuff back in the late eighties and early nineties and stuff. And my dad introduced me to neural networks, which is still the basis of all this stuff in 1992. And I think like it was funny, you know, the tie in here to Nvidia is like, we went through

• 6:56Speaker 01

  another AI winter. There's been a series of kind of like where everyone gave up on AI for a little while and then circled back around. They're called AI winters. And so the last AI winter kind of happened at the end of the 90s, going into the 2000s there for a few years before the modern era, if you will, picked up. But I think the difference is that the notion of modeling and the software basis of AI was was there. And there were a lot of great ideas and a lot of the stuff we're doing today originated back then conceptually. But we didn't have the hardware. We couldn't actually do the thing. You know, we didn't have these GPUs and now other types of chips that enabled all this to happen. And so it was really like the hardware

• 7:41Speaker 01

  side of things had to catch up so that the software side and I like when people say, well, why did we have an AI winter? And I think to a large degree, it wasn't the lack of amazing brain power, you know, to solve these problems and create the models. It was the fact that you didn't have the hardware infrastructure to do the things that people were envisioning were possible. And it wasn't until Nvidia came along and became the AI, you know, really the AI hardware company. I mean, I know they do a lot of software stuff, but but you know, that that made the difference. And, you know, Google came along eventually with TPUs and lots of other players jumped in, but both sides had to be there. So a little, little, little journey down memory lane there.

• 8:20Speaker 02

  Yeah.

• 8:21Speaker 01

  It's the it's the benefit of being old.

• 8:23Speaker 02

  You've seen it all, Chris. You have seen it all.

• 8:25Speaker 01

  I've been around. I'm old as dirt. So.

• 8:27Speaker 02

  So from your purview.

• 8:29Speaker 01

  Old as dirt.

• 8:29Speaker 02

  This is not stock advice, but from your purview, here at the end of 2025, and you have Nvidia, you have AMD, you have Google, you have Meta, you have these large players making huge investments, OpenAI, of course. I mean, the list goes on and on and on. Which single entity do you think is best positioned to like succeed over the next 10 years? If you had to pick one of the top contenders, like, is it Google? They seem like they've really turned the corner, but I'm not sure if. Their capital investment on their own infrastructure is going to be the big win that some people are saying does. I don't know. What do you think?

• 9:04Speaker 01

  I think there, so I don't, I'm going to cheat a little bit. I don't really have a one. You know, for a long time, people would say OpenAI and before that they were saying Google. There is a, there is a top group and they are certainly doing well. And I think kind of the, at the risk of getting slightly, in terms of social issues, you know, there's growing inequality between kind of those group of haves and kind of a lot of others that are have nots in that way. But I know, one of the things I think is that, I really think that open models are becoming increasingly important because the difference, if you go back a few years and like it wasn't

• 9:47Speaker 01

  coming out of OpenAI, you know, there was a big performance difference in what you were able to do. And if you look at the, the closing of the gap between what's possible, I mean, there are millions of open models out there and there are hundreds of them that are in kind of like, they are nipping at the heels of the, of the leading ones and that gap between the latest, greatest thing from one of these big name companies and what's possible in the open world has narrowed dramatically. And what that's really doing is pushing, pushing model creation into something of a commodity, you know, area. And so like I'm, well, and I think you've seen

• 10:30Speaker 01

  that in terms of what some of these big companies, you know, they've built services and they're building separate businesses and they're going into verticals and things like that. But that's because the, just the model generation is not going to be the profitable thing, you know, for years and years going forward. And so they're, they're, they're turning, they're turning from being AI providers explicitly into AI service providers now that are specific to different types of businesses. And, and I think they'll, I think they'll do quite well. I think kind of, I don't know. I'm afraid, especially after pointing out my horrendous.

• 11:04Speaker 02

  You drilled it last time.

• 11:05Speaker 01

  Yeah, I was gonna say after my horrendous. Video prediction, you know, the last thing I'm gonna go do is pick a winner here. So, but yeah, I mean, they're making a lot of money by pivoting, you know, within the scope of what they do. And they have that, the expertise and I mean, like Meta, as we're talking now, Meta is just like, just purely buying the AI talent, you know, like I don't care what Google is gonna pay you. I'm gonna pay you 10 times more and there's no way you're gonna go anyplace but us. And trying to kind of catch up to that, that open AI, you know, which is still, as we speak, probably still the, you know, kind of the gold standard there, but with a few others such as, you know, such as Google, as you mentioned,

• 11:46Speaker 01

  and other, and several others that are kind of nipping at the heels there. So it's interesting times.

• 11:51Speaker 03

  So a long-winded answer is open AI? Is that what you're saying?

• 11:56Speaker 02

  You have to go back and analyze what Chris said and tease out the truth of it.

• 12:00Speaker 01

  Oh, I tried to escape that, you know, Adam, that was not fair, you know, I worked really hard for five minutes to kind of square my way out of your question there.

• 12:08Speaker 02

  Yes.

• 12:08Speaker 01

  So you're very close. When you say open AI, very close. You got the word open right. How's that?

• 12:12Speaker 02

  Okay. So Chris's answer is the open models will catch, will commoditize the frontier models, so to speak. And these people that are just, just buying all the GPUs and just training, training, training. And then of course inference as well, but.

• 12:27Speaker 01

  And I mean, what you can do, it's requiring, we're seeing, we're seeing this progression where we're building out frontier models is costing less money. Like there's a ton of money in some of them, but the efficiencies that are now built into training from some of the latest research has made it where you can build some amazing stuff with not quite as much as you might have expected a year or two ago in terms of relative, you know, for performance against the hardware that you need to support that. So it might be, who knows? I mean, where the research is taking.

• 12:57Speaker 02

  Is there such thing as peak parameter? I mean, I think I read that XAI is next model coming out whenever.

• 13:04Speaker 03

  Is going to have a trillion parameters or something. And it's like, how large is large too large? Or is there no such thing?

• 13:12Speaker 01

  So, yeah, I mean, one of the things that we've that we've been talking about for a while now is the fact that like, it used to be in the early days of the of the GPT series from OpenAI that, you know, you saw distinct capability differences as you went from three to three, five into four and that kind of stuff. But there's also been, you know, we've seen kind of plateau. It's almost like you're seeing that a lot of the, it's not just a model thing, but also some of the infrastructure that's being built around it has given it a much, has made it much more accessible in terms of its productivity and its usefulness. And there's less of a friction when we're trying to use models at this point. So I do think that there that like, there is no infinite rise on terms of the number of parameters you have to do.

• 13:56Speaker 01

  I think I think that that does level out. And also, like, if you're going to have that many parameters, being able to to use that productively from an inference standpoint, the world is turning out to be a mini model world instead of a giant model world, you know? And so, yeah, and I'm not sure that a lot of people in the general public, you know, that aren't people like us that follow this closely really realize that. I think when they think AI, they're thinking chat GPT because it's what they know. And, you know, one model to rule them all, one model to bind us. And like, I'm not at all like, that's not what I think is the world. I think the world is is many, many models contribute to solving a problem in various ways.

• 14:38Speaker 01

  And you're here, we are in 2025, deeply into the the the agents, the age of agents. And and so it's no longer just models, but now agents with models that are they're acting on your behalf. And and I think it's the reality is it's a mini, it's a mini agent future that we're talking about here.

• 14:58Speaker 03

  Before we go there, I gotta ask you, because we're talking about companies and predictions and potential here, have you tapped into or heard of the next Jeff Bezos thing, Prometheus and the startups? Charing, co-founding, et cetera. Are you tapped into that?

• 15:13Speaker 01

  I'm not. I'm not up to date on the details.

• 15:15Speaker 02

  That's like off the press, isn't it? They announce that.

• 15:17Speaker 03

  It's like yesterday's news, basically. Today, today's news.

• 15:21Speaker 02

  I think there's like a perpetual Bezos-Musk pissing contest that goes on. And this seems like the next one. He's like, you have XAI, I've got this thing.

• 15:29Speaker 03

  According to TechCrunch, Jeff Bezos reportedly returns to the trenches as co-CEO of new AI startup Prometheus, Project Prometheus. So he hasn't done anything from a CEO, aside from shareholder, you know, chairman, et cetera, behind Amazon. He's been just, you know, getting swole, essentially. Getting swole and going to space.

• 15:54Speaker 02

  On his yacht. Yeah.

• 15:55Speaker 03

  Yeah, as you would if you were.

• 15:57Speaker 02

  He's been doing the space stuff. He's been doing Blue Origin.

• 15:59Speaker 03

  That's what I said, like, getting swole and going to space. That's what he's been doing. Yeah.

• 16:03Speaker 02

  Yeah.

• 16:03Speaker 03

  So this is kind of cool that I suppose the next big thing could be from him. So maybe the next time we talk, Chris, you can give us your non-prediction prediction.

• 16:15Speaker 01

  I can slide out of that one, too.

• 16:16Speaker 02

  Yeah, like, do we go by Amazon right now? That's what I want to know, Chris.

• 16:20Speaker 01

  So, you know, I'm probably the wrong person to talk to about this, not only because of the prediction that we just talked about, but also I want to point out, like, I am honestly, like, this may sound really counterproductive as, you know, practical AI co-host on this, but I'm, and I think Daniel's the same way. We're less interested in kind of the big, big names coming out with their latest big things because there's so much amazing work being done by like real people out there, you know, like, like.

• 16:52Speaker 02

  Take that, Bezos.

• 16:53Speaker 01

  There's the, there's the chat, there, yeah, plastic Jeff Bezos, like, hi, I'm Jeff Bezos, is kind of, you know, like, and Elon Musk and all these guys. And I'm just like, they're always one-upping each other and they do some big things, but like, like, I think. Like 99% of the press is going to this, these, these people.

• 17:12Speaker 02

  Six people.

• 17:12Speaker 01

  But I think 99% of the real productive work in AI is going to all these invisible masses of amazing people that are doing the stuff every day. And like, I, I'd like, if I could, if, if I could get the mainstream press to kind of like refocus, I'd be like, I'd lay like, like, look around, like, there's just, there's just astounding, amazing things that are happening, but they're not happening by these like famous figures. And these guys, I guess they have tons of money and they're super, super ultra wealthy beyond imagination and, and they can throw their money around and stuff, but you kind of mentioned, it's kind of the pissing contest, for instance, between some of them.

• 17:53Speaker 02

  Yeah.

• 17:54Speaker 01

  I just like, there's so much cool stuff out there that's not, that's not the latest, you know, the latest Bezos, you know, Elon Musk. Yeah, massive thing.

• 18:05Speaker 03

  I mean, $6.2 billion behind this thing is quite, quite an investment in there that he's raised for it, $6.2 billion.

• 18:14Speaker 02

  What are they doing? What's their deal?

• 18:16Speaker 03

  It's only speculative at this point. It's only got a name, Project Prometheus, Jeff Bezos, co-founder, I believe is, is Vic. I would only mess up the last name, B A J A J is the last name of Vic.

• 18:30Speaker 01

  Can you imagine being able to throw $6.2 billion at something that you don't really know what it is yet?

• 18:37Speaker 02

  Right.

• 18:38Speaker 03

  Well, I think he knows.

• 18:38Speaker 02

  I'm just saying.

• 18:39Speaker 03

  I don't know if we know. I think you've already checked for 6.2 bill or you even raised those funds. You got.

• 18:46Speaker 02

  The reason he announced it is to get better raises. Yeah.

• 18:48Speaker 03

  That's right. Some version of more money.

• 18:51Speaker 02

  Get people interested. So Chris, you probably can't convince the mainstream media to ignore, you know, the 800 pound gorillas, but you can convince us. So here we are, we're ready. What's cool? What's underneath the covers or like, what's the invisible stuff that people are doing that, that you and Dan and we should be interested in?

• 19:09Speaker 01

  So I think, like, like.

• 19:13Speaker 01

  It's funny, I we just, I'm gonna say something that I said the other day, and I'm starting to say it more and more, but like, I think people easily look around wherever they are in the world and whatever their politics are, and it feels like a difficult moment. And it feels like, you know, that you, there's all these things you can point at and say, we're going through a really tough time, and it's tough, and everyone's trying to figure out, but I'm, I want to offer a counter narrative to that. It, we're also at this moment where this stuff is, has, you know, this, the AI, and there's a hardware revolution going on, and there's a robotics revolution going on all together, and they're all, you know, connected, and they're powering each other.

• 19:55Speaker 01

  And I think we live in the coolest moment in human history right now, like we are sitting in it as we speak today. And, and so I agree. What, what's happening right now is with all of these different relevant, you know, capabilities, you know, and the robot people, and the AI people, and the software people, and the hardware people, it's all coming together. And you can do amazing stuff today that, that even a year ago, we couldn't do. I mean, it's like, if you think about before now, we would, we'd had kind of have several years of little software eras, you know, and we were, we were getting into certain ecosystems with a language or whatever, and they kind of run for a few years.

• 20:37Speaker 01

  But right now, it's changing so fast, and the capability is coming so fast, that like, aside from the, the big 800-pound gorilla types and stuff, like, everybody can get into this stuff. And so I think we're at a moment right now where like, it's really going to start being pervasive in everyone's life in a bigger way than it has been. Not just like, I'm gonna open my phone up and talk to ChatGPT kind of way. Cause yeah, I mean, that was unimaginable if you think about it just a few years ago. It wasn't, it hasn't been long since that was an unimaginably amazing thing to do. But that's like, we don't even think about that now, you know, we do it all the time, don't even think about it now, but like,

• 21:20Speaker 01

  Physical AI and the fact that robotics have come so far in the last few years and that you're and that now there are is in addition to Nvidia, there are many other chipmakers that are coming on scene to support AI and some of them are doing more of the dedicated AI chips and others are doing more like, you know, combining different types of chips so that you have that and some are great for data centers, you know, big cloud data centers and others are great for edge devices and tiny little constructs. And I think like you're gonna see so much happening in the marketplace right now that are coming from startups. They're not coming from the 800 pound gorillas. They'll have their fair share at 6.2 billion. They better. Yeah, or do something with that.

• 22:05Speaker 01

  Yeah, you're gonna see amazing capabilities coming out of fairly small companies and like and into speaking back again to Daniel Whitenack, my co-host and part of our family in this, he, you know, he started his own company, which is kind of supporting that. And that's what I like seeing. He has Prediction Guard, which is kind of supporting open model approach. And I think that in general, that approach of anybody can go, whether you're using a cloud environment or startup like Daniel's or something like that, you can go productively pull down models from Hugging Face, you know, which I liken to GitHub for AI, you know, with, you know, the way GitHub has always been for software, combine a bunch

• 22:49Speaker 01

  of different fairly sophisticated open source software packages and do some amazing things without 6.2 million. You can do it as a, as a college student in the dorm figuratively speaking. And that's, that's like what that's the thing that really excites me is that is the ability to everyone becomes a maker, if you will, everyone out there can become there. It, once upon a time, we were kind of like, you know, hey, we have the internet. Everyone can be a software developer, you know, all the stuff you need to learn is online. There's all these resources. A lot of it can be done for free. It doesn't matter where in the world you are. Well, now everybody can become a maker. Everybody can take, can can access these different things and go do something great. And I think that's that the fact that like.

• 23:34Speaker 01

  We all have these like Roomba type things, you know, rope these, these vacuums in our houses and, and everybody is now completely used to that. But I think we're right on the cusp of having lots of little devices like that in our houses and our businesses that are doing all these things, um, which eventually will get us into this, this notion of swarming that we're, that we're going to talk about.

• 23:55Speaker 02

  I'm ready for the little robots. I don't want the big scary robots, but I like the little robots that help you do things. Um, the Neo thing is weird. We don't have to talk about that, but that was kind of strange.

• 24:04Speaker 03

  Was it Neo? It wasn't Neo, Johnny Mnemonic. You think Johnny Mnemonic?

• 24:08Speaker 02

  Yeah, what's Johnny Mnemonic?

• 24:09Speaker 03

  Well, Johnny Mnemonic was like, he had, man, I can't remember this one, but it was same actor, Keanu Reeves. And I believe he had like, oh, he had something in him and he was carrying data. And it was

• 24:21Speaker 01

  Vaguely I recalled this.

• 24:22Speaker 03

  Yeah. It was like, uh, the idea of a mule, but not drugs. Yeah, it was

• 24:26Speaker 01

  That was back when he was young.

• 24:28Speaker 03

  Yes, yes. I thought you were talking about Johnny Mnemonic.

• 24:31Speaker 02

  You jumped right to the matrix, which makes sense, Adam, because most of my references are the matrix. But I was actually talking about this new, uh, robot in your house that costs 20 grand and it's controlled by a human currently.

• 24:42Speaker 01

  I saw that, but I still don't think that's going to be the thing.

• 24:45Speaker 02

  No, I don't think so. I would say that's kind of weird at this phase. Like that's, it's a general purpose. Like it does laundry, it does your dishes and it's like a humanoid, full size, similar to what the optimist, you know, thing that they're building. And yet it's at this point, because they need data to train these models better. It's not at all autonomous. It's controlled by a human with what I imagine is like a sophisticated joystick, you know, probably overseas.

• 25:08Speaker 01

  It's kind of creepy when you think about it, isn't it?

• 25:10Speaker 02

  It's super creepy.

• 25:11Speaker 01

  Your grandma's in there with a stranger in the form of a robot.

• 25:14Speaker 02

  The Wall Street Journal did a great video about it. And like, you know, Joanna Stern told it to do the dishes or something. It took like three minutes to load a cup into the, you know, into the dishwasher, which is a 15 second task. Anyways,

• 25:27Speaker 01

  Let's not do that, yeah.

• 25:28Speaker 02

  It's not there yet. I feel like that's being too big in general purpose. I feel like more specific, small, like sink, like the Roomba, you know, it's going to vacuum.

• 25:36Speaker 01

  The Roomba is the future is that like that, that was an early, you know, thing, but like it's, it's purpose built for a very specific thing. And it's, and there's a whole bunch of them on the, you know, a bunch of different, uh, makes and manufacturers and stuff on the market. And you can, we can go through and debate what's better and all that kind of stuff. But I think you're seeing that times. Many, many, many things across all sorts of tasks and like they're cheap and like even Roomba type, you know, the vacuums are too expensive right now. I think as I think with the cost of robotics coming down and accessibility, then it's like the if you think, you know, outside this and just

• 26:16Speaker 01

  walking into a retail store or getting online to Amazon or whatever, and just buying something, you know, that once upon a time might have been expensive and now it's 30 bucks, you know? And I think that like, you know, in this day and age, that 30 buck purchase, I think that, you know, getting a robot that'll do this and that and the other and the fact that they have eventually, you know, you have families of robots that can do different things and you can put it in swarming mode and just say auto my house in swarming mode as we'll get into and they just like coordinate and do all the stuff. They're sensing you, they're moving around you, you're doing the thing and that's, that's real life. You know, you have, you know, you know, aside

• 26:57Speaker 01

  from just the vacuum, your, your lawn and garden care is getting taken care of, your security around your house, your roof and gutter inspections, you know, it's integrated into your smart home stuff. You're like, you know, you don't have to worry anymore about where your packages were left by the delivery driver because the, the, those robots or the swarms that are managing your house are just doing that. And, and it's not insanely expensive. People are like, yeah, yeah. Where am I going to get the 6.2 billion from Bezos to buy my swarm for my house? And I'm like, no, no, it's not. You're going to have the Christmas deal. You know, we're coming up on the holiday time and you're going to get online and you'll have all the different

• 27:38Speaker 01

  packages about what level of swarming do you want? This one is an 18 accessory swarm package that you can come. It's going to handle your outside. It's going to do this and you're like, you're trying to choose. You're like, well, I don't know. You know, I'm going to spend more, I'm going to spend more for my kids, you know, on that. But, you know, there's, there's, there's great aunt, you know, Louise, and we only talked to her once every five years and I send her kind of a token thing. So I'll send her the four item swarm package, you know, that she can add into whatever she's already using because it's all open stuff. And like, that's not like, that's going to be normal and we're not that far from the opportunity and it's not the 100 pound gorillas

• 28:20Speaker 01

  that are bringing that. It's going to be the billions of startups out there. They're each doing a little piece of it and their and their swarm components and stuff are able to communicate.

• 28:30Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 28:30Speaker 01

  That's the future that we're going to build.

• 28:32Speaker 03

  Well, I'll tell you one thing, you've definitely put a lot more pressure on the idea of home lab. That's for sure, because that's all home lab. Those are a ton of DNS queries out there, probably a ton of telemetry being tracked, a lot of.

• 28:46Speaker 01

  Yeah.

• 28:46Speaker 03

  A lot of things you may or may not be concerned, those are things I think about when I think about adding more and more devices to my home. Gosh, man.

• 28:55Speaker 01

  So separate, I gotta, I have a slight side story, but it contributes to that. So about a year ago now, almost exactly a year ago, we bought and moved into the house that I'm in now. And the guy that we bought it from, he and his wife, he was a fanatical home automation person. And so like, um, we moved in, um, not because of the automation, that was incidental, but like it's had, it's helped me move from just like, think like more of a professional kind of thing, like, you know, we're talking AI and a professional kind of to thinking about stuff around the house. With all the sensors and the cameras and stuff and, um, we have all the, you know, the, the various types of home automation stuff that you see out there.

• 29:40Speaker 01

  Combined, Casas here, every, like, we have many, many, many dozens of Casas devices all over the place.

• 29:47Speaker 03

  And Casa is the brand that from Lutron, is that right? Am I picking that?

• 29:50Speaker 01

  Right. It's from TP-Link, actually.

• 29:52Speaker 03

  TP-Link.

• 29:54Speaker 01

  But that's just one, there's a whole bunch of them and you know, Apple Home and Google Home.

• 29:57Speaker 03

  I was thinking Casita, Casita's from Lutron, those are the light switches.

• 30:00Speaker 01

  But yeah, yeah, the Lutron does the, it does light switches, but like they all, there's some common, um, protocols that they all work on. And I'm starting to see like, I move like, because I didn't have to go start it from scratch and because I inherited what this guy had already kind of put together and then had to figure it out and make it work. And suddenly I'm like, oh gosh, it would be really easy to add this, like, and we're talking about this robotic future, even in our homes, not just a, a, a commercial or industrial or whatever thing. But in our homes, like, it's so easy for me to see that now, because like, I realize I already have a good bit of infrastructure here. And it's not expensive and it's not, it just takes a little bit of effort and if they can make that easier for people to get into.

• 30:44Speaker 01

  It's a done deal. Like, you know, we already have Wi-Fi and all the other things. And then you start adding things to plug in. It's like Legos. It's like home automation Legos in your home.

• 31:11Speaker 03

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• 32:35Speaker 03

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• 33:09Speaker 02

  Speaking of Legos and home automation, IKEA just announced a whole new set of like 27 smart home things coming from IKEA.

• 33:17Speaker 01

  I saw that.

• 33:17Speaker 02

  Talk about bringing it to the masses. Like, that's the kind of thing that IKEA brings to the masses now is they make it very simple and straightforward and Lego-esque in order to... And it all runs on Matter, which is, I think, the open standard for communication between these things.

• 33:31Speaker 01

  And so, like, Matter's in an interesting place in that, like, I only buy things that are Matter, that have Matter integrated in. And for listeners and viewers, the Matter is a protocol that allows different makes and models of automation to work together over a common protocol, and it's local-based instead of cloud-based. And so, like, but not everything does it yet. So, it's still kind of working. It's been very slow. It took a long time to kind of come into play, but it seems to be having a second wind right now because of all this new capability that's coming about. And so, like, every new thing I buy, whether I'm using Matter yet on that or not, I have to have Matter so that as I go forward, I can integrate into that. But, like, yeah, you know, everything is, it's

• 34:15Speaker 01

  local, it's Matter. And I'm finding with today's craziness out there that I'm moving more local and a little bit more out of the cloud. And so, Matter is becoming increasingly important from my standpoint.

• 34:26Speaker 02

  Well, from the startup perspective and the swarming, perhaps, at least the droning perspective, you'll be happy to hear, Chris, that we do have a startup coming on soon, ZipLine, who are now moving delivery drones into production. They actually have a delivery drone system that is, start off delivering medical needs in Africa, vaccines and stuff like that. And now they're moving into the States and they're doing food delivery, small item delivery, small package. So, you think your Chipotle burrito, that kind of thing.

• 34:57Speaker 01

  Yeah.

• 34:57Speaker 02

  Your, you know, your...

• 34:58Speaker 01

  Eight pounds or less.

• 34:59Speaker 02

  Yeah, eight pounds or less. It's super cool stuff. And they've got it to where they're actually rolling out into, into commercialization now, so. Startups are making moves in this direction. And now there's our, I'm assume in each city, they have a fleet of these delivery drones. Obviously, each drone is operating on its own. I assume eventually autonomously. It actually seems like a simpler problem than autonomous cars, because the airspace is just pretty open, right? Like, you got problems like wind and snow and stuff like that, birds. But it's gotta be easier than cars.

• 35:34Speaker 01

  Yeah, generally. And so it's a different problem. So it's easier. There's easier, it's a little bit of both. It kind of depends on how you're looking at it. With cars, and like, we were just talking to Waymo again, a few weeks ago on Practical AI about this. So this is very top of mind for me. With cars, yeah, there are a lot of challenges, and you have the notion of the child running out, or the ball bouncing out. There's a lot of stuff that's right there. But also, you're, you know, what you're, how you're navigating is very well defined, in terms of the streets and stuff like that. Air becomes more three dimensional. And so the challenges are different. But so long as it's not highly congested, I would agree with you that it is generally easier that you can kind of move from here

• 36:19Speaker 01

  to there. And so long as you have good collision avoidance, and some other capabilities for navigation there, then you're probably doing okay. Though, that changes with swarming, because swarming brings in close collaboration.

• 36:33Speaker 02

  Yeah, so define swarming, then, because I think of killer bees when I hear swarming. And I assume with drones, you're talking about a bunch of drones nearby each other, then?

• 36:41Speaker 01

  You are. And whether, and it's not just a physical distance thing, because what is physical distance is a relative thing, depending on what it is you're trying to do. But it also, it's really more about behavior. And so we can dive into that. But before you say that, I think that's a line of thought we should go down, is that, as you guys know, I'm really into animals. We were making jokes earlier about bazillion dogs and stuff like that. I'm a licensed wildlife rehabber, and I study animals. And in the context of swarming, Mother Nature has perfected, not just swarming, but there are many different types of swarming from different species. And so I have a set of species that I tend to look to for swarming

• 37:25Speaker 01

  purposes, and say, if I want to swarm with this type of technology, or this type of platform, like- How do we get started on that? You know, how do we get inspiration or look for some insights on the technology? Well, you can look to certain species that are that are similar to the technology platforms you're interested in terms of how they move around and do stuff and say, well, how how has nature solved it there? And I definitely do that a lot. I it's not uncommon for me to go into tech meetings and start off with lots of pictures of animals and stuff. And people like, what's what's going on with this? Who is this guy?

• 38:00Speaker 03

  Are you thinking like fungus, bees?

• 38:03Speaker 01

  Bees, bat, like I do a lot of bees, bats, birds, starlings, you know, those huge, what are called murmurations of starlings. Ants are awesome. Ants are awesome. When when when I'm thinking about robotics on the ground, meaning what we would call a UGV, which is an unmanned or uncrewed ground vehicle. Ants are amazing in what they can do. And so they're they're an awesome thing to look at. But for the I'll start with the definition that I use. Given the fact that I work in the in the military intelligence space, my definition

• 38:42Speaker 01

  sounds kind of it uses that jargon, but it really don't get caught up in that. It can be applied to residential, it can be applied to commercial, it can be applied to industrial. So don't get caught up in this specific wording. So I'm gonna I'm gonna read it in front of me. It's one really long run on sentence that's very specific in what it's trying to imply. Okay. It is, swarming occurs when numerous independent, fully autonomous, multi-agentic platforms exhibit highly coordinated locomotive and emergent behaviors with agency and self governance in any domain, which could be air, ground, sea, undersea, or space, functioning

• 39:23Speaker 01

  as a single, independent, logical, distributed, decentralized decisioning entity for purposes of C3, which is command, control, and communications. With human operators on the loop to implement actions that achieve strategic, tactical, or operational effects in the furtherance of a mission. So, long, long, long sentence, but it hits a bunch of very precise concepts and integrates them in together.

• 39:52Speaker 02

  I can tell each word was selected there.

• 39:54Speaker 01

  Yeah, a mission might be, instead of thinking military, a mission might be getting a package to your house. That might be the mission. And that does have command, control, and communications involved. So, like, you can put the, you can, it doesn't have to be the militarist jargon that we're talking about.

• 40:12Speaker 02

  Yeah.

• 40:13Speaker 01

  Yeah, it applies to any of these, any of these, you know, commercial, industrial, residential, military, whatever.

• 40:21Speaker 01

  So.

• 40:23Speaker 02

  So, that's a lot.

• 40:24Speaker 01

  It's a lot. It's a lot. And if you want, I can kind of break down high level what some of those mean.

• 40:29Speaker 02

  Yeah, I think my broad takeaway, we can talk about the individual words, because I know they're very specifically chosen, like, independent, logical, distributed, decentralized, decisioning entity. Like, stuff like that, I can tell each word was selected for a reason. But I think my grand takeaway of a swarm is kind of the e pluribus unum. Like, it's like, okay, all these things are individual and autonomous, but they're all acting as one. They're acting with one purpose.

• 40:56Speaker 01

  That's a fantastic insight that you have. And that, that is the key to it, is, like, swarm is such a buzzword. You know, we, we always have buzzwords in, in this AI software spaces. There's always the buzzwords of the year. And swarm is certainly a huge buzzword right now. And, and almost without exception, I will turn around and tell, I can go back to my definition, assuming that you want to accept that as the definition of swarming, and I can defend that fiercely.

• 41:24Speaker 02

  I cannot attack it. Can you attack it, Adam?

• 41:27Speaker 01

  You're the expert here, Chris. But I would say, like, all you people who are talking swarming, no, you're not. It's not swarming. What you're describing is all sorts of things that lead to swarming. There's a whole bunch of incremental capabilities that that would eventually, as you add all those capabilities together, they culminate in swarming. Right. But but the chances of somebody saying that what they're doing out there is is consistent with Chris Benson's definition of swarming. Right. Is pretty low. So you what you said was right on, and that is that that, just as you see in nature,

• 42:07Speaker 01

  with those ants, all every little ant has its, you know, neural capability, shall we call it, you know, and what it's doing. But at the end of the day, they're functioning to get a mission done, a job done, something productive for the colony. And they are all lending themselves to that greater good. Even if some of them may not survive that kind of thing, they're they are they are functioning as a single entity. And it is the entity that's trying to get the thing done, not the individual ants. The individual ant may be like, we have a crack in the ground and we have to get from this side to that side. And they build an ant bridge, you know, we've seen pictures of that.

• 42:49Speaker 01

  And like, you know, that that one job, one little ant may have the job of, I'm holding on to the ant on this side. And the ant below me is holding on there. And then they have that going on as well. And they were all creating this ant bridge over a chasm that none of us individually could span. But by working together for that swarm approach, which is make that accessible. They are doing something well beyond what any of the individuals can do. It's they are super ants in that way. Yeah. And that's what I'm getting at is that that ability to to give up your individual identity as a member of a swarm for the purpose of the overall swarm's intent and that swarm itself.

• 43:33Speaker 01

  Has an intent that is a swarm level thing, kind of to your point. Jared is like, you know, it's not, that's not the thing on any one brain, but when you put all those brains together or technology that represents that, there is a, there's a thing that the overall thing is, is trying to do as a single entity.

• 43:53Speaker 03

  It's, it's power as a number. It's like, uh, I saw my kids love ants, animals, you know, all the things essentially, uh, venomous plants that kill things, you know, that stuff entertains them dramatically, uh, Venus flytrap, things like that. And we watched this show, it's kind of a documentary, but it's also kind of dramatic. And John Cusack, uh, was the narrator and it's a movie called The Besieged Fortress from 2006. And there's an ant type that I want to mention to you. It was actually, I ruined the plot a little bit, but it was ants versus termites essentially.

• 44:32Speaker 03

  And it was very, very well done. If you've seen it, Chris, obviously say so.

• 44:35Speaker 01

  I have not, but I'm going to check it out now.

• 44:37Speaker 03

  It's, it's a hundred percent worth it. Uh, it is phenomenal. It's probably going to visualize for our entire, entire audience, the things you're talking about because the particular ant, I guess you would call it, uh, the name of the ant, I suppose, is how you'd describe it, were driver ants. And these driver ants are, are so swarm-like, you know, they don't think little, they, they, they create rafts for themselves. The entire colony can, can float. I mean, you can put them underwater and they won't die. They will like create this bubble. They are just basically resilient to, to the nth degree. And if you're in their path, you're dead. Like no matter what you are, a snake, a rat, a bug.

• 45:18Speaker 01

  They're going to overwhelm you.

• 45:19Speaker 03

  Oh yeah. They, they drive in numbers. They're called driver ants and they are truly, truly incredible. And this whole entire dramatic documentary narrated by John Cusack is phenomenal. The Besieged Fortress, I would highly recommend it. 2006, amazing. But these driver ants probably elicit a lot of the qualities and characteristics that you're mentioning because they act like if you're in their path, it's not as if they're one, it's they're many and they act together and it's wild.

• 45:49Speaker 01

  Yeah, I mean, it brings a whole capability, like whether you're talking to ant or whether we're humans with our technology doing this, you're basically inventing a whole new category of what's possible by introducing this. And like, you know, while because the conflict of interest and I stay away from my employer Lockheed Martin and generally I'm delicate on defense and intelligence stuff anyway when we're talking in public. But the notion of if you were to look on the military side for just a second at a high level, there's the notion of mass, you know, and if you go back in Warfind, many people would say,

• 46:30Speaker 01

  okay, let's build up mass to win against an enemy. And then as things progress forward, we learned that maneuver could kind of out, you know, you could go around mass and you could hit it from different ways. And so maneuver as a capability started trumping what was possible with mass. But swarming becomes like a whole new thing is that you're kind of getting the best of mass at individual small scale, but you're getting mass and you're getting hyper maneuverability. And so it's able to trump that. So in that domain and that kind of military world, it brings about a whole new capability that it never

• 47:10Speaker 01

  existed before. And similarly, when you move into commercial and industrial, and you know, we talked about this super automated house a few minutes ago, you're bringing about things that just were not possible before. You could have little pieces of it that were possible discreetly from a source, but the notion of this integrated solution that would just kind of go attack a real world problem and overcome it, you know, kind of going back to your driver ants is a new capability that the world will enjoy going forward across all different types of domains. And so I think that's, I mean, that's the magic of swarming right there is it's not.

• 47:52Speaker 01

  It's different from a fleet. I think a lot of the times where people throw up a whole bunch of things like drones, that's the thing everyone knows, will throw up a whole bunch of drones in the air, but it's not really a swarm, it's a fleet of drones, that's what it is. And each one requires individual programming to go do this or do that. There may be some communication between them potentially, depending on what they're doing, but they're not thinking almost like a brain, like an abstract brain themselves. They're not looking and dynamically handling what's happening in the real world in real time and saying, "This is changing right here, right now. As a swarm, I'm going to go do that." They can't do that. They're fleets. They can respond, but it's going to take inputs, it's going

• 48:35Speaker 01

  to take some collaboration between them, but it's going to take a lot of guidance, you know, from afar to make that happen. And that, that's the difference in mass numbers in a fleet versus what a true swarm would be, is that, that, that capability and that intent and, and that emergent behavior is, is really key to identifying a swarm. And you do see that in Mother Nature.

• 49:00Speaker 02

  So let's take a recent phenomenon, which is the drone light shows, you know, where they go out and let's say they're making a dragon. This is like-

• 49:09Speaker 01

  Not a swarm, but yes.

• 49:10Speaker 02

  Well, I was gonna ask, depends on the intent-

• 49:12Speaker 01

  Not a swarm. See how I did that? Just see I did that? Not a swarm.

• 49:16Speaker 02

  Well, I was gonna ask, it depends on how it's implemented, isn't it? Couldn't you swarm to accomplish a dragon?

• 49:20Speaker 01

  Absolutely could, but nobody has. So what, like, these days, what they're doing is, you know, you may see these, these light shows, uh, that, you know, where they have thousands of drones in the air, but each one of those is following a pre-programmed path. There might be some limited communication when they're very close in case of there are winds and things like that, in terms of anti-collision. But, but the, but what I would say is like, if you were to do the big dragon that you talked about as a swarm, the swarm would figure out how to do it in real time. Um, it's actually using that, that, that decisioning entity that we talked about in the definition and saying, "My mission

• 50:01Speaker 01

  is to produce a dragon over this area for people to watch." And it would go do that. Like, it would go figure out where all the pieces need to be for that dragon to come about. That's true swarm behavior like because you if you think about animals that are getting out and doing something, they're not producing dragons, but they're going out and doing something in a swarm. They're not there. There's no external thing saying, you know, swarm of bees, I'm telling you to go do this and you need to make an adjustment there and all they figure it out in real time in the swarm and make whatever it is that those species are trying to achieve. It happens. It's emergent behavior. It's real and in real time that supersedes

• 50:43Speaker 01

  the individuals. And that's what I'm saying. The light shows fleets of drones that are being that are being provided instructions, often, you know, essentially a three dimensional vectoring trajectory on what me as an individual drone would do regardless of what all these others are doing.

• 51:01Speaker 02

  Okay. So even inside of emergent behavior, let's say in an ant colony, you have roles, you have leadership, there's some sort of like, there's some sort of mission that comes from somewhere.

• 51:16Speaker 01

  There is.

• 51:16Speaker 02

  And I assume now we're getting we're getting to the part where it's like, okay, how do you make these things? Because as a guy who's made fancy websites his entire life for a living, like this sounds really hard. I just feel like if I had new day Jared, your new job is like, build a swarming technology of autonomous, whatever is I'd be like, no, not going to even try that. Because that just sounds very, very, very difficult. Where do you start? Like, how do you? How do you? How do you do it?

• 51:43Speaker 01

  That's a great question. And not only that, but you've identified the thing that you just said in your in your vulnerable moment there, in terms of like, I don't even know where to go. That's what almost everybody that is why it is a problem yet to be solved. And there are many, there are many groups, companies, individuals out there working on it, including me. And, and, and, you know, that this is my passion. And all of us at some point start, some of us might have had the benefit of coming from robotics. But just like many other skills, that also carries some baggage with it that you have to unlearn to do it. And that's, that's one of the pros. So when I talk to people like I've been doing drones for 20 years, I know everything. And I'm like, well, I'm like, that's good in

• 52:28Speaker 01

  some ways, but.

• 52:29Speaker 02

  Not a swarm.

• 52:30Speaker 01

  Yeah, not a swarm. And not only that, but sometimes it's the it's.

• 52:35Speaker 02

  Let me get you a T shirt that says not a swarm.

• 52:36Speaker 01

  Not a swarm.

• 52:37Speaker 02

  Yeah.

• 52:37Speaker 01

  Ask me anything, not a swarm. That fresh learner's mind, though, often does it. And so it's a complex problem and you have to break it down into its constituent parts. And there's a whole bunch of layers because there's like, there's things that have to happen at the member. Like if you talk about the individual ant, you know, at the member level, there's a whole bunch of things. It's got to navigate. And that's kind of like where we are on like drones today, you know, in the sense of like, if you go buy one, you know, we're gonna go out, you go out to the toy store and you buy a drone today, or order one online these days because toy stores are not, not so common anymore. So we ordered the drone online. And like, that has basic navigation and there's a whole bunch of tasks associated with that.

• 53:21Speaker 01

  And that's where most of the robotics world has been, obviously, over the years. But as you move into communication between them and what kind of tasks happen, you kind of move up to a level, there's a local, there's a local drone level in a larger swarm. And then there is the, how do all those locals operate together? So you're, you kind of steadily move up in abstraction till you have that, that notion of this emergent thing, which is really, it's really quite a challenge of like, because there's not a master member. There's not the boss. Some, some, you may have a queen bee. Wouldn't it be easier if there was a boss, though?

• 54:03Speaker 01

  It would. So it depends on what you're trying to do. I would say that's like the step below. If you're doing almost everything a swarm can do, but you still have some centralized control, there's a couple of levels below that. And I, and while I can't. Not a swarm. I can't share it today. I'm gonna try. I invented, I created a document that allows, that, that helps people at my company evaluate these technologies at different levels. It's called a maturity, a maturity model towards swarming. And, and they can look at anyone else, somebody has put something out there and we can evaluate it based on that criteria about what exactly it does. And I need to see if they'll let me release it publicly because I think it would be useful.

• 54:44Speaker 03

  Let me see if I can maybe break down an idea. I don't have your depth, but if I were thinking about this problem and, and obviously when we compare ants, so in the case of the driver ants, just because that's my example that I have some clarity on at least, they do have a queen and the job is to protect the queen. It's like if the queen disappears, they will elect or attempt to elect a new queen, but there's always somebody in charge essentially. But if that's not, if that's not a swarm, then the way I might try to create a boss would be through consensus because if you're a controlling entity that's connected,

• 55:25Speaker 03

  and so you know all your parties in this connected mesh network or whatever you want to call this, this swarm. Then, you know, player B versus Z over here has new information the swarm needs to know to consensusly, if that's even a word, to have consensus on the next decision. And so we may, as a swarm, elect a new, not so much boss, but a primary information source that changes the way the swarm acts as an entity. And so it's sort of self evolutionary.

• 55:55Speaker 01

  You're hired because you're on the right track. That's it.

• 55:58Speaker 02

  Aren't they just making their own boss then, basically?

• 56:00Speaker 01

  So, so that's the thing, like, so the queen, like in the case of the, the queen, the, yes, there's a queen who is the, you know, the, the general, the, the one in charge, but at the same time, she's actually not making all the decisions, you know, a lot of it is instinct, you know, that is, that is being played out.

• 56:19Speaker 03

  It's preservation at that case, right? The queen is not the boss in terms of leadership and knowledge because the drones have the knowledge, right? The drone ants out there doing the work.

• 56:27Speaker 01

  That's right.

• 56:28Speaker 03

  She is the, the preservation system for the entity. It's a necessary component of many.

• 56:33Speaker 01

  So she's not a master, like a master direction giver, you know, that's not her, her role is, is as you said, perpetuation of the colony versus she's not driving the specific actions of the, of the drones. Those are built in, you know, mother nature has imbued the members with that and they understand how to do that. But, but to your point, Adam, that notion of kind of consensus, you know, there are different approaches to it. We can use some different words because there are different algorithmic approaches of consensus, election, things like that in terms of saying, well, we have, we have a distributed compute.

• 57:13Speaker 01

  Grid that is our swarm that you know that is imbued in our swarm and and how do we arrive at a single overarching directives that perpetuate themselves downward through the swarm and which change as they go down because this is the overall this is our what we need to do there's a mission there is a high level sense of abstraction about well to accomplish the mission you must do A B and C but A has 10 steps to it you know and some of the swarm members are going to be are going to take the assignment of doing those and others are going to say well I'm going to go off and do these other things that are that are part of that that might have been part of the B category and so they

• 57:57Speaker 01

  have to self organize in the way to do that in real time because this is a physical technology so it's it's one of those and there are sensors coming in and things are changing you know constantly without without and so you're you're a knowledge you are with your sensors whether you're a biological being or whether you're technology you're having to take all that new information in you're having to do distributed computing and decisioning through algorithm algorithmic approaches and and and select members to accomplish all the things as part of that overall mission that you're doing and it's quite complex I mean it's

• 58:38Speaker 01

  a very complicated thing as we sit here in 2025 I think we'll nail it gradually I think we'll nail it in iterations and I think it won't I think somebody a century from now will be like yeah well of course we did that you know but today it's it's a tough problem to solve.

• 58:54Speaker 02

  So at what level do the humans interact so let's imagine that you've created a swarm of vehicles and it's it's a legit swarm it's not a not a swarm swarm.

• 59:05Speaker 01

  A legit swarm.

• 59:06Speaker 02

  Yeah I was thinking about that as you said that you remember the old Jeff Foxworthy thing like you might be a redneck we could do a whole line of like might not be a swarm like if you've got a boss you might not be a swarm you know if you've got a path they gave you to fly you might not be a swarm but let's say you have one and this is like you know Chris approves. And it's a bunch of drones. Let's just do that. At what level does the drones receive their mission from the humans? Like, is it very generic or is it very specific?

• 59:35Speaker 01

  It can be either. It depends on what you're what you're building toward and swarms have different purposes. So remember, swarm is not a generic thing. They're purpose-built, you know, for certain capabilities.

• 59:45Speaker 02

  Okay.

• 59:46Speaker 01

  And so you and you do have that C3, which is command, control and communications that's inherent to that. And one of the other phrases I use, which people outside of the military context may not be as familiar with is human on the loop.

• 1:00:00Speaker 02

  Not in the loop, but on the loop.

• 1:00:02Speaker 01

  Not in the loop, but on the loop.

• 1:00:03Speaker 02

  What's that mean?

• 1:00:03Speaker 01

  Those are two different things. So an in the loop is where your human is controlling a technology directly or and they are they're making it so like a human in the loop may say, make a choice for a task. So they may say, yes, I'm going to now have you drop that package on that person's front door. And, you know, yeah, it's clear. We've looked at it. It's safe. There's nobody in the way and we're going to have you put the package on the front door because it's safe and we did not want the drone to do that until me as a human verified that that was okay for us to do so that we didn't hit people or

• 1:00:42Speaker 01

  hit things. On the loop, you are essentially tasking that it's it's kind of a the human has a supervisory role and maybe a mission giving role. Like, your mission swarm is to deliver the package to that or maybe more it might be, here's a bunch of packages and to the swarm and I want you to go to this neighborhood and deliver all these packages to the right houses. And that is the mission. And then the swarm understands that geographic layout. It understands the the real world environment it's in. And it figures out which member they each pick up a package and it figures out, how are they going to do that? Some of the packages are more than the eight pounds that Adam talked about.

• 1:01:25Speaker 01

  Some of them are 60 pounds and it takes multiple swarm members to get that package airborne to collaborate. And so as they go, as they go into that environment and they're looking, I gotta get this package to that address. And oh, by the way, that address might've been reachable by a four pound package on one swarm member acting alone. But we, it's now 60 pounds. We have multiple swarm members and even with all those swarm members, it's outside of our range. So how do we address getting it outside the range, given the fact that we have other concerns that may be limiting that? The swarm would work that out through its distributed computing and, and collaboration that we just talked about.

• 1:02:05Speaker 01

  That, you know, where, where it kind of comes to that consensus on how it's going to collectively solve the problem. Does that make sense?

• 1:02:12Speaker 02

  Yes, I think that it does. I'm wondering if maybe I'm sniffing danger eventually because.

• 1:02:20Speaker 01

  Oh, go for it.

• 1:02:21Speaker 02

  Well, because at a certain point, you give a directive and maybe that directive is completely benign. Like you, you have a swarm of cleaning bots, you know, in your house. And you say, okay, bots, you know, clean the bathroom. And that's as far as you get into it. You're on a loop, but you're not in a loop. And so they go about doing that. And we've accomplished Chris Benson level swarming. So I now have a, I have, now I have numerous independent, fully autonomous, multi-agentic platforms in my bathroom, exhibiting highly coordinated locomotive and emergent behaviors with agency and self-governance. Right?

• 1:03:02Speaker 02

  So at a certain point, couldn't they just say, man, this toilet's really dirty. What if we just removed it? Wouldn't that be, the bathroom would be even cleaner? And then they all decide that yes, that's a great idea. I come back, I don't have a toilet.

• 1:03:15Speaker 01

  That, that is, Adam had a great moment a moment ago and you just had a great moment there.

• 1:03:20Speaker 02

  Oh, thank you. Most of my great moments involve toilets.

• 1:03:24Speaker 03

  One for sure.

• 1:03:27Speaker 01

  Cleaning up your act, man. But yeah, so like that, that's a great thing. And that comes down to you're not giving what you're really telling about in swarms is when you get down to the task level, then you're talking maybe not about the whole swarm making a decision. It might be a few of them that are that are addressing a task and figuring out at a more logistical level, like, how am I going to, you know, operational level? How am I going to do this? And, and, and that is one of the things is that when you're doing, you know, we're back to AI safety and AI training on this. Yeah. Is that you're is that maybe removing the toilet in most cases is not an acceptable

• 1:04:08Speaker 01

  thing. So, so we need, we need some technology based guardrails there. But that's also where depending on the circumstance that you're looking at, that human on the loop needs to be able to go, no, yeah, there's kind of a kill button, if you will, you know, figuratively speaking, meaning killing of the swarm, not killing a person, just to be very clear, so that nobody misunderstands me. Super clear. No killing here. No, no, we're not talking about killing people here. That's why I use a bathroom and a toilet as my example. In this context, it might be, don't kill the toilet. Right. You know, kind of thing. And that's where the human on the loop as, as an oversight, where we still have these amazing capable human brains that have, they can't do everything

• 1:04:51Speaker 01

  that digital technology can do, but you know, digital still hasn't yet arrived. It will, but it hasn't yet arrived at what our capabilities are. And we can look at and go, taking the toilet out is not acceptable to the homeowner. We're not doing that. Maybe if you're Jeff Bezos, maybe instead of cleaning the toilet, you just remove it every time. Maybe Jeff Bezos will have the toilet removal every day. The drone swarm goes into Jeff Bezos bathroom, and it just takes the toilet out and it puts the new one in. Back there's just a sea of toilets back there. It's like a pile of them. There you go. Well, it cleans it all up because you know what? When you can throw, when you can throw $8 billion at something you haven't really identified yet, you can probably afford to have your toilet. 6.2. Oh, 6.2.

• 1:05:37Speaker 01

  That made such a big difference in my

• 1:05:39Speaker 03

  Yeah, sorry about that. Eight billion is close, but let's just round up to eight.

• 1:05:43Speaker 01

  Let's just round down to six. Okay, we're there. But yes, so other than Jeff, I don't want the drone swarm taking my toilet away. That would get rather

• 1:05:51Speaker 03

  I'm with you.

• 1:05:52Speaker 01

  Yeah, it's a it's a little bit too much.

• 1:06:12Speaker 03

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• 1:07:39Speaker 03

  Could we get into this scenario where it's like Aladdin and the genie?

• 1:07:43Speaker 01

  Yes.

• 1:07:44Speaker 03

  He's like, hey, you know, I want, make me a prince, right? I think it was the first, no, the first one was to, he tricked the genie to get him out of the cave. Well, we'll skip that one. And then the second one, technically, the second wish was make me a prince. And he didn't really make him a prince.

• 1:08:01Speaker 01

  That's a great memory. Gosh, I'm like, I've seen the movie, but like, you're really bringing it back to me.

• 1:08:05Speaker 03

  Well, I got a good brain, you know, over here.

• 1:08:09Speaker 03

  My brain is solid.

• 1:08:10Speaker 02

  That's the second great moment right there.

• 1:08:11Speaker 01

  That's right, two in one show. Seen your moments here with me, so, okay, keep going.

• 1:08:16Speaker 03

  He doesn't really make him a prince. He just clothes him as a prince. He mimics a prince. He doesn't really give him royalty, doesn't really give him lineage. And I guess I'm sort of sidetracking to some degree, just to be accurate about my Aladdin reference. But point is, is there's times when he adds it. Or I guess in, in all of the lore around the Aladdin figure and a genie figure, where you ask the genie for something, but you have to be careful, that's where this term comes from, be careful what you wish for, because you wish for something without the full awareness of the agency behind the genie or behind the swarm. And so you might get your toilet removed. Is that a concern? Like, how?

• 1:08:53Speaker 01

  Totally.

• 1:08:53Speaker 03

  How are you guarding against that? How do you guard against that without the Q and on a loop or the kill switch? Is there an OS? Like, I don't know, how do you, how do you guard against this genie issue?

• 1:09:03Speaker 01

  I know, I think there's a lot, and I think it's at many different levels. And it's a, it's a real thing that we talk about in real life today, without having achieved full Chris Benson level drone swarming. And that, you know, we talk about that in terms of AI safety all the time now. You know, that's a huge part of the AI world is what is AI safety? How do you keep unintended consequences from coming to pass? I think anyone who's reasonable recognize that some of those will still come to pass out there. You can put guardrails around things, but, and you can even ask AI to put guardrails around other AIs as we're doing, you know, because we're using the tool to build the tool. But we will have bad outcomes across the board, just as we always have with software and always will.

• 1:09:50Speaker 01

  So I don't have the magic bullet on that, but there is training, the distributed swarm brain, you know, this abstraction of computing, of grid computing, where they're all doing this and using their algorithms, and that will, where it goes wrong may happen in different places. You know, we often talk about today's LLMs coming out with inferences that are suboptimal. Sometimes it's quite funny, sometimes quite tragic, actually. But that will continue to happen. We have software issues. We're also moving into the physical world where, you know, if you have these physical agents that are imbued with a whole

• 1:10:34Speaker 01

  bunch of AI agents that are doing stuff and they're acting as a member of a larger swarm, there's a lot of places where things can go wrong. So it's gonna be, there's gonna be a learning curve on that. And we're gonna have, we're gonna have problems along the way. So I don't wanna, I certainly wouldn't want, I know for a lot of listeners and viewers, they probably think of a little, you know, a little bit pie in the sky. Not everyone's gonna believe that this is probably sooner than they would otherwise expect. But we'll get through it and stuff. And we'll try to, we'll do the best we can. And the responsible people will put a lot of safety around it in the best they can. But we'll make mistakes.

• 1:11:14Speaker 02

  Where do we stand? Where are we in this initiative to create this thing or these things?

• 1:11:20Speaker 01

  So I think like many things, you'll see it coming from specialists, you know, there's a whole area of expertise, you know, that you develop around trying to solve these problems. And some companies are specializing that. And just like other things, you'll see that. But I think over time, especially given the fact that it's not one industry, it's many industries, there'll be many players. I think one of the things to make this happen isn't just can we get there? Because if you think about it, once you can get there, almost everybody kind of does a close close copies of that, you know, once we had our first, you know, chat GPT. It wasn't long before that we had competitors and other models that were that were nipping at its heels. And I think you'll see that here as well.

• 1:12:05Speaker 01

  But it'll, I think it really comes down to getting organizations and motivated individuals into it. So that they are producing some level of whatever is productive in what they're doing. In their industry and their, in their world, what's productive and costs will drive down. And I think as those costs drive down, that's where you see it really pushing out into lots of different places in life. So a lot of it isn't just a technology question, it's an economics question. But I think the pervasiveness of it will drive that.

• 1:12:37Speaker 03

  Let's get, since we, you know, helped create a show called Practical AI, let's get practical.

• 1:12:42Speaker 01

  Yes.

• 1:12:43Speaker 03

  You'd mentioned this is obviously burgeoning, you're coining this. I kind of feel like swarming is the protocol, maybe there's a specification there somewhere. And the implementation is more of a product potentially, but take us into the practical nature of, let's just say of the next three years. Will we see swarming of any sorts? In a consumer level, home lab, put it in my home level? And if we do, like, be realistic, practical, if you can, like, what will it be?

• 1:13:10Speaker 01

  At the level of the definition that I provided, which is a very high bar. I think you'll see lots of things that are calling themselves swarming things developing within that two to three year horizon. I don't think many of them will rise to that level. There'll be, there'll be kind of quasi-swarming capabilities that you're starting to see in consumer and commercial products and stuff. I do think, however, there are so many really smart minds around the world working on swarming because the

• 1:13:43Speaker 01

  By opening up an entire new category of capabilities that don't exist today, that people already have productive use cases in mind for, there's a lot of money to be made there. So you have not only commercial entities and motivated makers, but you have nation states that are highly motivated to do that. And it's a big scientific topic of research. I think you'll see it probably first in areas where people can throw lots of money at it. And so if we do talk about in the commercial space, our 800-pound gorillas, you're more likely to see it in a narrower case of use cases there. I think in the military space, in intelligence space, you're likely to see it there

• 1:14:28Speaker 01

  because you have the economies of nation states that don't want to be left behind. If we're not able to produce a swarm first or are very closely following whoever is first, then we have a national security issue here in terms of what's possible. And so I think you'll see nation states prioritizing that probably in very close collaboration with commercial entities, which is really common today. I mean, if you look at certainly how both the US government and most of our allies, as well as the Chinese government, there's a lot of overlap between nation-state resources and commercial entities that have special knowledge and skills

• 1:15:13Speaker 01

  working together to produce that stuff. So I think those types of collaborations are likely to be the first ones, largely because they can throw resources at the problem until you get there. I think the key is thinking about the problem the right way. And I think that's where people struggle, is breaking down that complexity that we were talking about earlier, that Jared pointed out, and saying, how can we discreetly address those points of complexity in a way that you can then pull those many solutions together to achieve the grandiosity of the definition that I provided?

• 1:15:48Speaker 03

  Let me see if I can. Not predict, but this is where I would.

• 1:15:53Speaker 01

  Cause I'm not going to predict anything.

• 1:15:54Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 1:15:55Speaker 01

  Yeah, we both, we know that, yeah.

• 1:15:57Speaker 03

  Well, I think the two of you, I think will agree with what I'm going to say here. I think the area where I like to see this type of swarming is in energy conservation. And so I think there's multiple devices in my house that consumes energy from a HVAC system above me that both heats and cools my home to the lights that power my house to, let's say, a kettle that is electrified, all the things. I want to give my home the task of being energy conservative.

• 1:16:28Speaker 01

  Yes.

• 1:16:29Speaker 03

  This, this swarm, I want to have a swarm of devices that help me be that. And it can, it, hey, Adam and the family are not here. It makes sense as an agency to be, to be conservative with our energy use because there's no one here to do it. And that's where the, you can do like individual device level smart home automation, which is here today.

• 1:16:51Speaker 01

  Yeah, matter, matter supports that.

• 1:16:54Speaker 03

  It's not a swarm though, right? It's not a swarm.

• 1:16:56Speaker 01

  That's right.

• 1:16:56Speaker 03

  So I would like energy conservation to be my first swarm tactic. The next would be, I live in Dripping Springs, Texas, just outside of Austin, Texas. And we always have water challenges. Right now, we're always in some version of a drought. There's actually a big bet on the wall, on Wall Street against Texas running out of water. Like there's a bet essentially shorting Texas running out of water at some point. I just heard this headline, that's a headline only. I don't even know what the truth is behind it, but I heard it, so it must be true.

• 1:17:27Speaker 01

  Okay.

• 1:17:28Speaker 03

  So the next thing is water conservation. Help me as a household, maybe even help me as a neighborhood, a swarm neighborhood, be conservative when it comes to water conservation. So my child goes to flush the toilet or, yeah, I don't know, some sort of action tries to take place, but the swarm is like, hang on a second, we're in a conservative nature. We're going to use the one or the 0.5 gallon version flush versus the 1.2, because it's a, you know, it's a number two. There's some, some reason, right? But for whatever reason, like we now have new. Tech in my house so that gives me things that really matter, energy, water. And then the last one for me is food. There is so much food waste in America, tremendous amount.

• 1:18:10Speaker 03

  I know I for sure buy some chicken once, twice a month and I'm killing chickens constantly. Cause I'm wasting my chicken, not making it. So I don't know if that's a problem that's me, but at some point my tech, my swarm tech. Can help me solve those three key things, energy, water and food. And I think you start there because that's what matters. My laundry, kind of a meat problem. Maybe my washer can say, hey, you put a white in with a darks, probably not smart, eject it or. You know what I'm saying? But like, I don't need help with laundry. I don't need, I mean, I like my iRobot and vacuuming. That's cool. But I think that the thing I would want to conserve on is those three things. That'd be helpful.

• 1:18:48Speaker 01

  I, I, and I think, I think you'll see that. I don't think it'll just be the swarm doing that though, because like even today, you know, if you start with where we're at right now. Um, and talk about the fact that energy monitoring is really common within a lot of these existing.

• 1:19:01Speaker 03

  Not a swarm though, not a swarm.

• 1:19:03Speaker 01

  Not swarm, not swarm yet, but we're getting there. We're getting there. So bear, yeah, bear with me for a second. So we, we have the, we have what we can already do at the individual device level. And then as we really started viewing our homes with AI agents, which is going to happen even before the swarms are hitting.

• 1:19:21Speaker 03

  So soon. Yeah, that's next.

• 1:19:22Speaker 01

  You're going to have AI agents doing lots of different things, including the monitoring and, and they will be, and those AI agents will be monitoring your matter driven devices. And, and thinking, oh, we need to make some adjustments. They'll be communicating with the devices that, that are being governed by that. And so they're able to get you a great deal of the way down that use case that you just talked about. But there are also going to be, uh, things in your home aside that, you know, where things like, uh, for energy, you know, the energy conservation thing. You mentioned things like, you know, airflow and temperature where it's not a, an explicit device that's matter enabled. And has the, you know, energy monitoring built in, but it may be like that corner of the room is cold.

• 1:20:05Speaker 01

  And in that case, that swarm, it's monitoring the house and maybe it has other functions that aren't just monitoring. Maybe it's doing a cleanup, you know, it's doing the cleaning job, but it also notes that, hey, this corner is not getting good airflow. It's, uh, the, the temperature is changing. To your vision, Adam, that you just talked about, that's where the swarming capabilities of having different devices work together will do it. Now, an individual robot could also detect that device. It doesn't have to be a swarm. So you're really get it for a swarm to be effective there. You're really going to be looking for how does a cluster of members working dynamically together, get me something I don't already have. And I think that's the question to answer in that use case.

• 1:20:48Speaker 01

  If you're actually wanting to introduce the swarm to it.

• 1:20:52Speaker 02

  Well, we humans have our own form of swarming. It's called open source software. And I'm curious if there's a place where people who are as passionate, or maybe even just potentially interested in this initiative, this movement, this, I don't know, this next big thing of swarming tech. Is there a place they can gather? Is there like a, is there a framework? Is there a conversation? Is there anything in the world of open that people could gather around?

• 1:21:17Speaker 01

  There, there are. Um, and I probably should have brought a list, maybe in the show notes. We can add some stuff in. Um, some of the things that I often tell people to start off on is, you know, robotics has been a big part of this, kind of robotics role, you know, being a part of developing to the swarm is, uh, ROS two exists. ROS stands for ROS two. Uh, ROS is the robotic operating system, which is open source. Um, and it is the most widely used robotic, uh, software technology out there. It's not the only one. There are many and some of them are closed and some of them are open. But there's tons of books now on ROS. Um, and so I often, when people are interested in this and they're like, but how do you do like,

• 1:22:01Speaker 01

  aside from the swarm, I can't even make a single robot work. Like, what do I do? Well, there's tons of information about that. Start off, um, maybe not solving. The overall swarming problem that we that we were describing as being as remaining a hard challenge, but start with something more accessible. You can buy, you can get on to, you know, you know, we've mentioned Bezos so much, Amazon and and others. And and there are a lot of maker kits that you can get that are open maker kits. You have Ross. They're very similar in terms of, but if you want to not do robots, you will do drones. There's a whole bunch of open source drone stuff. And then the thing that I love doing, I do

• 1:22:41Speaker 01

  this all the time, is diving in on GitHub at different software communities that support, you know, open specs and stuff. There's tons of repositories on GitHub that are designed to do this, that just interested people said, I want to go scratch an itch. I want to solve a problem. And I go there and I'll then also go to hugging face and look for small models that may, if I need AI in the mix that that can contribute because really, you know, small models are where the future is. You know, it's not, we talked at the very beginning of the conversation about the giant versus the small. Go for small stuff. You have, you, there's very likely that you have GPU in at home, it may be in your laptop

• 1:23:22Speaker 01

  or something that you can buy for a couple hundred bucks, that that can do all sorts of cool inferencing with an existing model that you can then go do some of this stuff with. So with open source, that's the place to go. That's where I think, that's where I think the majority of innovation is really driving from. And it's a good place to start and figure out what is interesting to you. And and even that area, I'm, I'm really into, I'm gonna, I'm gonna also pitch a language that I'm into, which is Rust. I mentioned Go beginning of the show. Love Go, and I use that in a, in a lot of environments, but I've been using Rust because as a replacement for C, C++ because, and it's great for embedded,

• 1:24:06Speaker 01

  you can use it with no operating system at all. And it's fast as can be. And so I've been, that's been like, when I go play on my own, aside from like work, work stuff in this area, I'm always, I mean, I'm, every day, I'm looking at all the innovation in the Rust community to do small little projects that I can do for fun, that drives my own passion forward. So it doesn't have to be a giant, eight hundred pound gorilla, or defense industry, or whatever kind of thing. It can be, it can be something that you're That the kid in you, or maybe the kid in your house can go do on their own.

• 1:24:42Speaker 03

  Give some shouts to, I guess, some crates or some projects out there in the rest of the world. I think probably Tokyo or Tokyo probably is one of them. Saturday is probably one of them.

• 1:24:50Speaker 01

  Yep.

• 1:24:50Speaker 03

  What else you you playing with?

• 1:24:52Speaker 01

  Tokyo is really good because it it allows you to to, you know, kind of that the multi-threaded things, many things happening at once, which is really important in robotics. And so that's really taken off. There is, I'm trying to remember the embassy is the name of it. I was trying to remember for embedded. It is a runtime in Rust that allows you to do a whole bunch of embedded capabilities without writing everything from scratch. It kind of gives you this framework. And so you can go get a Raspberry Pi, even one of the the small ones, I think, at the Nano and stuff that doesn't have, that isn't there supporting the OS and use Embassy to create an executable that runs on something that's too small for an OS.

• 1:25:36Speaker 01

  And so I I like exploring all these different possibilities in terms of how you're gonna. And I know when I said Tokyo being multi-threaded, it wasn't multi-threaded. It was a big concurrency. I said the wrong thing, so I just wanted to correct that before we got too far. But being able to do highly performant concurrent things on very small pieces of hardware out on the edge is a real thing. Like five years ago, it just wasn't possible to do anything like what we're doing now. But we're, you know, this, at the beginning of the show, we talked about the revolution of all these different areas coming together. Well, now anybody can go use several different hardware, several different languages, but

• 1:26:16Speaker 01

  in my case Rust and and find small bits that cost me 10 bucks, you know, out there and put some unique software and do something that scratches my edge that no one in the world has done. And it's no longer out in the cloud or out on some computer. It's it can be a something that I'm carrying around on my body or is is literally a robot. This is all reachable now. And so that would, that's really what I would encourage people to do is the future with people, I get asked all the time about the future of AI. And I really think the next big revolution in AI is going to be physical AI is is. AI imbued in all these things in our life that we've been talking about that we refer to as on the edge in the software world.

• 1:27:01Speaker 01

  But that's going to be the new normal. And now you can do that without any real budget on your own, anytime, from any place in the world. So this, if you want to go create the future, and I said, this is the coolest time we've ever lived in. Well, you can go create that right now, no matter where you're living and no matter what your budget is. So that's what I think. Go do it.

• 1:27:23Speaker 03

  If you're tinkering with Rust right now, so let's say you're done with this podcast. You're off for the day. Let's just say magically you have nothing to do. You're going to go pick up your next or your current Rust project. Maybe you've got a new model you want to play with. Where, where are the places you're going? You mentioned Hugging Face. What are some of the stack that you're, that you're tapping into?

• 1:27:43Speaker 01

  So there's, there's the swarming stuff that we've talked about and trying to, and trying to figure out robotics and all that. And we've talked about home automation. And I think that, that feels, for answering this question, that's an accessible thing that I like to do now. So as I've picked up this kind of home automation stuff, I'm trying to figure out like, what can I do? I go get some Raspberry Pis, or I can use a slightly larger, you know, like a mini PC to do something in the house. None of this costs much. And I'm now, on my day to day, when I'm just at home and I'm not thinking about the day job, if you will, I'm looking at all the things that I do with my family and thinking, wow, you know, like I, I can go pick something to, to, to handle that.

• 1:28:24Speaker 01

  So like, almost all the lights in our house are automated. A lot of the appliances are automated. We have voice command, you know, from anywhere in the house where we can, we can, you know, tell a particular assistant, go do this. And it happens. I've been starting to integrate AI agents into that workflow now that that is becoming super accessible with all the, there's so much open source that have made agents very easy to do. And you can get small models off Hugging Face and run it off. Compute that you have in your house already. Um, and so that's, that's the kind of thing that I like to do. And I think it's amazing because it's gotten people in my family who are like, oh my God, Chris is doing

• 1:29:07Speaker 01

  technology again, you know, like you have the family members that are like, yeah, yeah, I don't want to hear it because you're talking about that with everyone else all the time. But now they're like, they're using that and they're getting interested in like,

• 1:29:18Speaker 03

  Yeah, they're like, tell me more, Chris.

• 1:29:19Speaker 01

  Yeah, they'll start like,

• 1:29:21Speaker 03

  Not a swarm though, tell me more.

• 1:29:22Speaker 01

  Not a swarm, but my wife will say, you know, how could we make this, this, you know, how could we automate this to make it better? And like, I couldn't get her to, to,

• 1:29:31Speaker 03

  Care, yeah.

• 1:29:32Speaker 01

  Yeah, she didn't want to care. Like that was my thing and just stop talking about it, Chris. So, um, yeah, and, and, and my daughter, uh, is starting to get really, she's 13 and she's really starting to think about what could we do? And like, it's just sparks the imagination because it's real and it's tangible. And so that's like, that's why I get to like, go do something. Uh, just decide today you're a maker. Go get some cheap stuff, have a vision, recognize that every part of it is either free or only a few bucks. And just go do something in your imagination. If you can't think of anything, there's tons of websites with maker projects out there and find something that you go, oh God, that's cool. And just go do it. And like, even if it, it doesn't have to be the greatest thing in the world, just go do it.

• 1:30:15Speaker 01

  And then you're helping push all this stuff forward. You are diving into the future and making this stuff happen. And that's why this is the greatest moment in the history of the world.

• 1:30:24Speaker 03

  It really is. I mean, we're, we went from photography or from painting photos to photography in a blink of an eye. And now we're thinking, gosh, I just wouldn't like paint the picture that way ever again. I would just take the photo because that's the way.

• 1:30:37Speaker 01

  Yeah.

• 1:30:37Speaker 03

  It's a cool moment in life. Um, I'm super curious about one, uh, one particular area that you mentioned. You mentioned voice. Are you leveraging Alexa or leveraging the behemoths? Or are you home assisting it and you're doing something with home assistance?

• 1:30:52Speaker 01

  So I am moving. We have been, we have been for a while, Alexa'd all over the place. And, um, given the fact that, I am, I am increasingly concerned about privacy, just in, you know, in terms of it like surveillance is so built into everything now that I am generally moving from cloud-based systems into more private systems that are completely under my control and local and stuff. And I realize that may not be for everybody. I think part of that is because I, I work in a world that is obviously touching on intelligence and I'm more aware of what's

• 1:31:32Speaker 01

  possible from a surveillance standpoint than probably most people are and how pervasive it is. And that makes me, uh, obviously wanting to kind of protect our own privacy a little bit. So I'm, I'm keenly interested in automation that's not specifically commercial cloud dependent.

• 1:31:50Speaker 03

  We should circle back in the new year for a deeper conversation. Cause I'm sure you'll have some time away, maybe new progress, new projects and new insights. Cause these are things I'm about to go into. And my curiosity is I haven't automated anything in my house. They're like, Adam, you're such a nerd. You care about home lab. I'm like, yeah, I don't care about that part of the home lab. It's, it's a different area of the home lab that I'm trying to conquer.

• 1:32:14Speaker 01

  I didn't either. It really took, for me, the kick in the butt was moving into a house, buying a house that already came with a lot of automation in it.

• 1:32:23Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 1:32:23Speaker 01

  And, and it's, it's not just catching up on that and learning. There was a certain like ramp, like I had to level up. But then there was also the, it starts getting your imagination going. Like you didn't, like you knew in the back of your mind, you could do this, but now you're like, you're living it. And then you're thinking about the next five things after that. And I think that's it. Once you do a little bit, you, it whets your appetite and you start seeing all the possibilities. And that's what it took for me, you know, professional technologists, but I wasn't really doing it until a year ago. And now this last year is just. Take off.

• 1:32:54Speaker 03

  Being able to host models locally, have that privacy, the fact that Home Assistant is so pervasive and so massive as an open source project that they have a, you can tap into via the API, you know, whatever local, uh, you know, models you have running for inference, they have voice capabilities. There's just so much happening there. Why give that data to, you know, to Amazon? It's not that they're bad. It's just that I have preferences and the preferences don't involve me telling you what I want. And then now I get hit with ads for X, Y, and Z as I scroll the internet.

• 1:33:29Speaker 01

  People often complain about how creepy it is that you're almost just thinking about something and then it shows up in your Amazon cart kind of thing, you know, or Google or whatever. And, and like, but you're do, you're doing that. You're giving them that power over you. And so to some degree, and it's not happened all at once, but I'm, I'm taking responsibility for the fact that that's been my choice because it was the easy way to go. Because they were, they were providing this ecosystem. I didn't have to do much. It just happened. All I had to do was let them, was say yes, every time they send the updated terms and conditions. And, and they would take my data and do whatever they wanted and there they are. And I've kind of gotten to that point where I'm done with that and to some degree and, and turning around.

• 1:34:14Speaker 03

  Just give me an idea, Chris. They, you know, somebody should, I don't know if this is actually a good thing or not, but like AI is great at scanning an entire document, like a terms and conditions. There was a documentary, I think on Netflix about this, that if you tried to read all the terms and conditions you would agree to in modern society, you would spend more than your entire life just reading terms and conditions.

• 1:34:37Speaker 01

  There's a lot of terms and conditions.

• 1:34:38Speaker 03

  To keep up with the updates and/or literally scrolling them to say, yes, I accept is not, it's not possible. It's not realistic of a request from the people. So we're agreeing to a lot of things just out of the nature that we don't have the time to do it.

• 1:34:53Speaker 01

  And you're not going to, if you're trying to get something done and now you have to do through terms and conditions to get something done, they do it at that moment because they have you. They know you have to get something done. And what are you gonna do? Go, well, I had to do that thing. It was really important, but now I can't do it because I'm not going to do terms and conditions.

• 1:35:09Speaker 03

  Bricked. You're bricked now.

• 1:35:11Speaker 01

  Yeah. So I'm, I'm starting to invent my own world.

• 1:35:14Speaker 03

  As the kids say, cooked. You're cooked.

• 1:35:15Speaker 01

  Yeah. I'm starting to invent my own world where I, I, I'm not bound in that little prison, if you will.

• 1:35:23Speaker 03

  Well, that was cool. Thanks for deep diving on the swarm, not a swarm, rust, all the things. Make sure, if you don't mind, some of the things that you can link us to in the in the show notes. I'm sure you got lots of links. Just spam us with all your links. We'll put them in the show notes for everybody.

• 1:35:40Speaker 01

  Fantastic. Thanks for thanks for having me in, guys. It's been great catching up with you and fun conversation.

• 1:35:46Speaker 02

  Tons of fun. Go listen to Practical AI, practicalai.fm. If you want more Chris, that's where you find it.

• 1:35:51Speaker 01

  Thank you, Jared. I'm so glad you did that because I we would love for people to join the conversation and we all it's one big happy family as people can can see here and that I love change log and I hope some some of the change log people who haven't given us a shot will will give us a shot and join our conversation.

• 1:36:08Speaker 03

  They will. Practical AI.

• 1:36:10Speaker 01

  Practical. That's it.

• 1:36:12Speaker 03

  Go there and be square, as they would say in the 80s or 90s.

• 1:36:17Speaker 02

  Which is cool now.

• 1:36:18Speaker 03

  It is cool now. Yeah, the 80s and 90s are cool again.

• 1:36:21Speaker 02

  Good stuff, Chris. Bye, friends.

• 1:36:22Speaker 03

  Bye, Chris. Bye, friends.

• 1:36:23Speaker 01

  Thanks, guys.

• 1:36:31Speaker 00

  All right. That's our show for this week. If you haven't checked out our website, head to practicalai.fm and be sure to connect with us on LinkedIn, X, or Blue Sky. You'll see us posting insights related to the latest AI developments, and we would love for you to join the conversation. Thanks to our partner Prediction Guard for providing operational support for the show. Check them out at predictionguard.com. Also, thanks to Breakmaster Cylinder for the beats and to you for listening. That's all for now, but you'll hear from us again next week.