Pod Insights Infamous America BOSTON HEISTS Ep. 2 | Great Brinks Robbery: “Where is the money?” About this episode Anthony Pino and his crew commit one of the fastest and smoothest robberies in history, and they escape with a record-breaking haul. The FBI launches its investigation and hits a series of dead ends until, one by one, the robbers run into trouble and begin to turn on each other. The historic heist unravels, but it retains one enduring mystery: where is the stolen money?
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1:04 Speaker 01 Just before 7:30 PM on January 17, 1950, a green Ford truck raced through the streets of Boston toward the neighborhood of Roxbury. Sitting in the bed of the truck were five robbers, and they were part of the crew who had just pulled off one of the cleanest, quickest, and most successful heists in American history. At the feet of the robbers sat a collection of canvas bags. In the bags was roughly $1.3 million in cash and another $1.5 million in checks and other valuables. The cash alone would be the equivalent of $17 million today. It had been stolen from the vault at the Boston headquarters of Brink's Security Company,
1:48 Speaker 01 and the job had been years in the making. Anthony Pino, one of Boston's best casemakers and thieves, had been working toward the job since 1944. He built a crew of trusted men, and for several years, they had robbed Brink's armored trucks and Brink's customers for hundreds of thousands of dollars. But by 1948, the crew had become wary of the heat they were generating. Pino pitched them one last major score: the vault at the Brink's headquarters building on Prince Street in Boston's North End. For over a year, Pino and his crew planned the heist down to the smallest detail. On January 17th, they committed the largest robbery in American history up to that time.
2:36 Speaker 01 When the Ford pickup truck arrived at the safe house in Roxbury, Pino and his crew initiated the next phase of the operation. After unloading the canvas bags full of loot, Joe Banfield, the getaway driver, drove away to get rid of the pickup truck and the guns that were used during the robbery. Anthony Pino and another thief quickly left the safe house in order to begin establishing alibis. Meanwhile, several of the men stayed behind and began counting the spoils of the heist. They separated the cash into two piles. One pile was for used bills that had already been in circulation. The other pile was for fresh money, money that had been recently printed by the government and wrapped in Federal Reserve bands.
3:21 Speaker 01 The thieves knew that they'd have to wait until the heat died down before they could spend the Federal Reserve money. Once the cash was separated into two piles, some of the used money was stashed in a hamper for safekeeping, while the rest was divided into shares. Some men received $20,000 right away, while others received as much as $100,000. Less than two hours after the heist, the money had been counted and the crew spread out across Boston to begin establishing alibis. Some went to dinner with their wives, others went to local bars and threw bagged drinks. But the requirement was the same: lay low and avoid law enforcement.
4:02 Speaker 01 By the time the robbers blended in with other Bostonians, investigators had descended on the Brink's office. The five Brink's employees who had been tied up during the robbery managed to break free and sound the alarm. Boston Police and the FBI rushed to the scene and were amazed at how much had been stolen. By the end of the night, police and FBI offices across the eastern seaboard had received a bulletin about the robbery. A nationwide manhunt was underway. FBI agents were confident they would be able to crack the case in no time. But it took just a bit longer than that. Six years, to be exact. And part of it remains a mystery to this day.
4:51 Speaker 01 From Black Barrel Media, this is Infamous America. I’m your host, Chris Wimmer, and this season, we’re telling the stories of two of the most infamous heists in American history, both of which happened in Boston: the Great Brink’s robbery of 1950 and the historic art heist at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in 1990. This is episode 2, “The Great Brink’s Robbery, Part 2: Where’s the Money?” From the beginning, local law enforcement rounded up the usual suspects and brought them in for questioning. Some of the thieves who participated in the heist were among those hauled in, but investigators had no evidence that could link the men to the crime, and they all seemed to have airtight alibis.
5:36 Speaker 01 Within hours of being brought in, the men were released. Meanwhile, the FBI agents started interviewing Brink’s employees who had been tied up, but the agents quickly discovered a problem. The witnesses disagreed on many of the details, including the number of robbers. Some said there were five, others said seven. But there were a few facts on which they did agree. They all said the robbers wore matching disguises: Navy pea coats, chauffeurs’ hats and gloves, and rubber Halloween masks. The witnesses also agreed that the crew were professionals. The robbers barely spoke. They knew exactly when the vault door would be opened, and they were in and out in about 20 minutes.
6:19 Speaker 01 Because the thieves wore gloves, there were no fingerprints at the scene. In fact, the only evidence was the tape and rope used on the five employees. Within a few days, it became clear to law enforcement that this case was not going to be easy. About a month and a half into the investigation, the FBI caught its first break.
6:44 Speaker 01 Agents questioned residents who lived near Prince Street and learned that a 1949 green Ford truck was parked nearby at the time of the robbery. Considering the size of the crew and the loot, the FBI surmised that the truck was the getaway vehicle. Agents began searching for it and on March 4th, 1950, parts of a green Ford truck were found at a dump in Stoughton, Massachusetts, about 20 miles south of Boston. The parts themselves didn't provide any clues, but the location did. It just so happened that Stoughton was where two well-known criminals lived, Joseph O'Keefe and Stanley Gusciorno.
7:25 Speaker 01 O'Keefe and Gusciorno were friends and felons who had worked together on previous robberies. Both were known gunmen with nerves of steel. After the possible connection to the getaway vehicle, agents found similarities in the testimonies of the two criminals. O'Keefe and Gusciorno had been questioned during the roundup of the usual suspects back in January, and both men said their alibis started at 7:00 PM on the night of the heist. O'Keefe and Gusciorno said they were drinking at a bar during the robbery, but that specific time of 7:00 PM stuck out to the agents. Agents went back through their notes and discovered that 7:00 PM had been mentioned a few times during the roundup.
8:09 Speaker 01 Known criminals Henry Baker and Vincent Costa had also given times of alibis around 7:00 PM. Agents who were paid to be suspicious wondered if the timings were too coincidental. When the agents looked deeper, they discovered all four men were friends and associates of criminal mastermind Anthony Pino. Like the others, Pino had already been questioned and his alibi was the strongest of all of them. He claimed that during the heist, he'd been at a The weather's getting colder, and maybe some thoughts are starting to drift in the direction of holiday gifts. Even if you're not there yet, it's still time for sweatshirts and hoodies, in most places, which I wear almost every day while I'm working. My newest
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9:34 Speaker 01 you where you heard about them, let them know it was Infamous America. It's the best way to support the show. nearby liquor store picking up whiskey. His story was corroborated by two men. One was Joe McGinnis, the owner of the liquor store. The other was James Crowley, one of Boston's top robbery detectives. Detective Crowley kept tabs on known criminals, and he often stopped by McGinnis's store because McGinnis was connected to the Boston underworld. When the FBI approached Detective Crowley, Crowley confirmed that he had seen both Pino and McGinnis just after 7:00 PM on the night of the robbery. Pino felt good about his alibi,
10:15 Speaker 01 and the first couple steps of the plan to survive the investigation seemed to be working. Evidence had been destroyed, and alibis had been secured. But the biggest step, the step where they were supposed to lay low for a long time, unraveled on a lonely road in Pennsylvania.
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11:41 Speaker 01 On June 2nd, 1950, Joseph O'Keefe and Stanley Gusciore left Boston and drove west. They told friends they were going to visit the grave of Gusciore's brother in Missouri, but they intended to take their time for what they called extracurricular activities. Those activities turned out to be a string of burglaries throughout western Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. Ten days after leaving Boston, the two men were pulled over in Towanda, Pennsylvania. Police searched their car and discovered several guns and stolen items in the backseat. Both men were arrested and thrown in the local jail. O'Keefe and Gusciore tried to call in favors with their Boston criminal network, but no one agreed to help.
12:27 Speaker 01 Three months later, on September 8th, 1950, O'Keefe was sentenced to three years in the Bradford County Jail in Pennsylvania. Gus Giora was acquitted for the burglaries, but he wasn't released. Instead, he was extradited to McKean County, Pennsylvania, to face different robbery charges. In October, Gus Giora received a sentence of five to 20 years in the Western Pennsylvania Penitentiary in Pittsburgh. The FBI was convinced that O'Keefe and Gus Giora were involved in the Brink's heist, and now the agency had leverage. Agents visited both men in prison multiple times and questioned them for hours, but
13:11 Speaker 01 neither man said a word about Brink's. And eventually, they refused to talk at all. So the FBI was forced to sit back and wait and play the long game. Agents monitored the Boston criminal network for the next couple of years and learned that there was growing tension amongst the men who were the likely suspects in the Brink's heist. From informants, the FBI heard that O'Keefe and Gus Giora were demanding money from Anthony Pino, Joe McGinnis, and Henry Baker. The two men in jail needed to pay for the appeals process. Supposedly, Pino wasn't giving them any cash, and O'Keefe threatened to talk about their so-called "big job." The rumors led the FBI to another Brink's suspect, a thief named Adolf Maffey.
13:56 Speaker 01 Apparently, Maffey was also in on the big job. More than a year after the Brink's heist, law enforcement questioned Maffey about a different robbery. The interrogation eventually shifted to the Brink's case, and Maffey couldn't provide a solid alibi for the night of the big robbery. By the end of 1952, the FBI believed it had a nearly complete list of suspects, which included O'Keefe, Gus Giora, Maffey, McGinnis, Sandy Richardson, Vincent Costa, and at the very top, Anthony Pino.
14:31 Speaker 01 The feds believed Pino was the mastermind, even though he had an alibi which was supported by a cop. They knew it was certainly possible that Pino planned the job, and then his close friend, Sandy Richardson, led the operation on the night of the heist. It made perfect sense. The problem was that after two years, the FBI didn't have any concrete evidence. Still, agents felt they had enough to build a grand jury case. The government hoped that any suspects who had remained silent might crack under pressure when called before the grand jury. Unfortunately for the FBI, the hope was wrong. On November 25, 1952, a federal grand jury began hearings in Boston.
15:14 Speaker 01 The FBI presented circumstantial evidence and the testimony of the Brink's employees. None of the suspects who were called before the grand jury agreed to speak, and the government couldn't compel them. Anthony Pino and his crew simply sat quietly and said nothing. The hearings ended six weeks later, in January 1953. The grand jury deliberated for a week and ultimately ruled that no charges should be filed against the suspects. In the eyes of the grand jury, the FBI's evidence was too thin. The FBI would have to keep working.
15:53 Speaker 01 1953 did not start the way the FBI had hoped. After the grand jury defeat, the feds were forced to start over to try and connect their leading suspects to the Brink's robbery. Ironically, throughout 1953 and early 1954, nearly all of those suspects had brushes with the law for other crimes, including robbery, tax evasion, and running an illegal distillery. But as it turned out, the men in Pino's crew spent most of their time fighting each other rather than the government. The issue that seemed to drive a wedge between everyone was the money. Right after the heist, each man was responsible for hiding his share of the stolen money. However, as the heat came down in the months following the heist,
16:38 Speaker 01 some gang members were forced to entrust their shares to other gang members. Now, four years later, several men claimed that their shares had come up short. Joseph O'Keefe was the most irate. In March 1954, O'Keefe completed his jail sentence for the Pennsylvania robberies and he returned to Boston. When he got home, he wanted his money. While he was locked up, O'Keefe entrusted his share of the cash to Adolf Maffey and Henry Baker. When O'Keefe asked the two men for his money, Maffey and Baker claimed it had been stolen. When O'Keefe complained to Anthony Pino, Pino told him to handle his own problems. So he did.
17:25 Speaker 01 On May 18th, 1954, O'Keefe and another gunman kidnapped Pino's brother-in-law, Vincent Costa, the man who had been the rooftop lookout during the heist. O'Keefe called Pino and demanded his money. If Pino didn't pay up, something bad was gonna happen to Costa. Pino was furious, but he couldn't act rash. So, he made a few calls and got several thousand dollars in cash. Two days later, O'Keefe released Costa. Pino and O'Keefe never spoke of the kidnapping again, but the word was out. O'Keefe was a loose cannon, and something needed to be done about him. Two weeks after the kidnapping, O'Keefe was driving through Dorchester when a car pulled up alongside him.
18:10 Speaker 01 O'Keefe was immediately suspicious, especially since it was early morning with no traffic. O'Keefe ducked in his seat, and his timing was perfect. A moment later, a gun poked out of the other vehicle and fired at O'Keefe's car. O'Keefe survived the hit, but he wanted revenge. He knew Adolf Maffey was currently in jail for tax evasion, so he suspected Henry Baker had tried to kill him to keep his share of the loot forever. So a few weeks after the botched hit, O'Keefe showed up at Baker's The weather's getting colder, and maybe some thoughts are starting to drift in the direction of holiday gifts. Even if you're not there yet, it's still time for sweatshirts and hoodies, in most places, which I wear almost every day while I'm working. My newest
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19:36 Speaker 01 you where you heard about them, let them know it was Infamous America. It's the best way to support the show.
19:43 Speaker 01 Baker's doorstep. Baker knew O'Keefe was in a rage and opened the door with a pistol in his hand. In a matter of seconds, a gunfight erupted. Neither man was injured, and O'Keefe fled the scene. But the violence didn't stop. On June 16, O'Keefe was walking down the street in Dorchester when a man opened fire with a submachine gun. O'Keefe saw the gunman and ran off. The gunman followed, and fired over 30 rounds as he chased O'Keefe. O'Keefe was hit in the wrist and the chest, but he survived and escaped. After that second attempt on his life, O'Keefe wisely left Boston.
20:25 Speaker 01 Law enforcement followed the feud closely and didn't want it to continue. Through a network of informants, police heard a rumor that a hitman named Elmer Burke was the gunman who tried to kill O'Keefe on June 16. Boston police thought they found a connection between Elmer Burke and Anthony Pino, which meant that Pino might have hired Burke to kill O'Keefe. But when the police questioned Pino, the robber revealed nothing, as always. For the next year, investigators listened to the rumors in the Boston underworld. The talk was consistent: O'Keefe felt betrayed by his old gang and was holding a grudge. Making matters worse for O'Keefe, he was back in jail for possession of an illegal firearm.
21:09 Speaker 01 Once again, law enforcement officials knew they could apply pressure to O'Keefe. If he wanted to get out of jail, he would have to talk. So, starting at Christmas 1955, agents visited O'Keefe and questioned him relentlessly about the Brink's heist. For nearly two weeks, O'Keefe kept his mouth shut. Then, on January 6, 1956, O'Keefe looked up at the two agents sitting across from him in the visitors' hall and said, "All right, what do you want to know?" O'Keefe cut a deal with the FBI, and for three days in January 1956, he laid out every detail he knew about the Brink's heist.
21:54 Speaker 01 The FBI already suspected most of O'Keefe's information, but now the agents had testimony from an insider. O'Keefe confirmed that Anthony Pino had first organized the crew back in 1947. There was a core team of 11 men. Pino had approached O'Keefe and said he needed a couple of heavies. The heavies turned out to be O'Keefe and his close friend, Stanley Gusciore. When Pino discovered that Brink's moved to its new location on Prince Street, the full crew was involved in casing and preparation. According to O'Keefe, Pino and Sandy Richardson studied the building for months. Eventually, they had detailed notes on the number of employees and guards on site.
22:37 Speaker 01 After months of watching, Pino and Sandy decided to take their preparation even further. According to O'Keefe, Pino and Sandy started sneaking into the Brink's offices. They discovered that the new Brink's location was incredibly unsecure. There were very few alarms or locked doors. On several occasions, they could just pick a lock and get right in. They quickly identified the most direct route from the street to the vault.
23:09 Speaker 01 There were five doors from the exterior door to the vault cage. Over multiple nighttime visits, Pino popped the lock tumblers out of the five doors and paid a local locksmith to make keys for the locks. When the locksmith was done, Pino put the locks back. Within a few weeks, Pino had full access to every part of the Brink's office except the vault. For that, they realized they would need to strike when the cashiers were loading the vault. By the autumn of 1949, Pino's crew knew the layout of the Brink's offices as if they worked there. They had been through the offices more than seventy-five times. For two months, they practiced entering and exiting the building and driving the getaway
23:53 Speaker 01 route until they could do the job almost without speaking. In the first week of November 1949, the getaway driver, Joe Banfield, broke into a car dealership and stole a brand-new green Ford truck, the same truck that was eventually cut up and dumped in Stoughton. Two months later, on January 17, 1950, the crew committed the historic robbery. That night, Vincent Costa, the lookout, took his position on the roof of a building across from the Brink's office. A few minutes past 7:00 PM, the stolen green truck drove into the area and parked near a playground. Costa signaled the crew with a flashlight, and seven men hopped down from the back of
24:36 Speaker 01 the truck and walked to the Brink's building. Each man wore a navy pea coat, a Halloween mask, and chauffeur's hat and gloves. O'Keefe was at the front of the line. Behind him were Sandy Richardson, Mike Gigan, Henry Baker, Adolf Maffey, Stanley Gus Giora, and a wiry lockpicker named James Farady. The seven-man crew reached the front door and disappeared inside.
25:04 Speaker 01 About ninety seconds later, Joe Banfield drove the green Ford truck onto Prince Street and parked to wait for the crew. Anthony Pino sat in the truck bed, ready to collect the cash. Meanwhile, on the second floor of the building, Mike Gigan pushed into the Brink's offices. He flashed a revolver at the five unsuspecting employees. His timing was perfect. At that moment, the vault door stood wide open. The Brink's employees threw up their hands while the rest of the crew filed into the room. The thieves tied and gagged the employees and then rushed into the vault. Each robber grabbed as many of the Brink's money pouches as he could jam into canvas sacks.
25:47 Speaker 01 When the sacks were full, the thieves dragged them downstairs to a door that led to Prince Street. When the first man emerged, Joe Banfield moved the truck into position. The seven robbers, plus Anthony Pino in the back of the truck, loaded the bags into the vehicle. Then, four men jumped into the truck bed with Pino and drove off. The other three hurried to the car of Vincent Costa, the lookout, and hopped in with him and sped away. A few minutes later, the green Ford truck pulled up to a nondescript warehouse in the Savin Hill neighborhood. The warehouse was managed by Joe McGinnis, the liquor store owner who helped provide an alibi for Anthony Pino.
26:28 Speaker 01 McGinnis had taken a prominent role in planning the heist and securing the disguises. When the truck was unloaded, the crew split up and raced to their locations to set up their alibis. Some went home, others went to bars. Pino went to McGinnis's liquor store, just in time to see McGinnis and Detective Crowley. It was 7:27 PM. In less than thirty minutes, Anthony Pino's years of planning and preparation had paid off with the perfect heist. The robbery was perfect anyway, but the chance to get away free and clear and spend all the money had just ended. The FBI was now ready to arrest the man who pulled off the largest score to date.
27:18 Speaker 01 Joseph O'Keefe's confession allowed authorities to obtain search warrants. On January 11, 1956, Boston's US Attorney authorized the FBI to file charges against all 11 men for armed robbery, assault, and theft of government property. Joe McGinnis, the man who owned the liquor store and managed the warehouse that was used after the robbery, was also charged with receiving and concealing stolen goods. O'Keefe and Stanley Gus Kiora were already locked up for other crimes, and Joe Banfield, the getaway driver, had died a year earlier of natural causes. For the eight other robbers, the FBI had the element of surprise.
28:01 Speaker 01 No one from the crew knew that O'Keefe had flipped. So on January 12, the FBI easily arrested six members of the crew: the mastermind Anthony Pino, plus Joe McGinnis, Vincent Costa, Mike Gigan, Adolf Maffey, and Henry Baker. Word spread around town about the arrests, and the last two members of the crew, Sandy Richardson and Jimmy Farady, went into hiding. They were added to the relatively new FBI's Most Wanted list, and they stayed free for five months. Agents caught them in May, in Dorchester, right outside Boston.
28:43 Speaker 01 The six men arrested on January 12 were held on bail of more than $100,000 each, today worth over $1 million. Thanks to O'Keefe's confession, a grand jury returned indictments against all of Pino's crew in short order. And given O'Keefe's anger toward Pino and the others, he was more than ready to testify against most of the other robbers when the trial came. But he did have some hesitation when it came to ratting on one of his former compatriots. O'Keefe still considered Stanley Gus Kiora a close friend, and he knew that Gus Kiora wasn't involved in any attempts to kill him or steal his money. But O'Keefe did make a plea deal with the authorities, so whether he liked it or not, he was gonna have to turn on his friend.
29:28 Speaker 01 In a twist of fate, Stanley Gus Kiora never faced a trial. On January 9th, 1956, Gus Kiora passed out in his prison cell, hit his head, and died a few hours later. An autopsy showed he had a brain tumor. Now, at the very least, O'Keefe wasn't gonna have to testify against his good friend. O'Keefe took the stand in September 1956. He was one of more than 100 people who testified. On October 5th, 1956, both sides rested their cases, and the jury retired to deliberate. It took the jury three and a half hours to come to a unanimous decision: guilty.
30:09 Speaker 01 A few days later, Pino and his crew were sentenced to life in prison. They were all sent to state prison in Walpole, Massachusetts. Though they had been given life sentences, nearly all of them were released on parole in 1970, 14 years after their trials. By that time, two of the men, Joe McGinnis and Henry Baker, had died in prison. Anthony Pino, the man who had conceived and planned the heist, died in October 1973. After decades of denying his role in the crime, he finally admitted it. The only lingering issue for law enforcement was the money. The heist totaled $2.8 million worth of valuables,
30:52 Speaker 01 which were a combination of cash, checks, and securities. Of the total, about $1.3 million was cash. To date, only about $51,000 has been recovered. Some of the $1.3 million was certainly spent, but most was believed to have been hidden by the various robbers. Who knows if there were bags of cash buried in backyards or vacant lots or stuffed into the walls of houses or apartments all over Boston?
31:34 Speaker 01 Next time on Infamous America, it's the beginning of the story of the art heist at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. Forty years after Boston was home to an historic cash heist, it was home to an historic art heist. And today, 35 years after the heist, it remains one of the most fascinating mysteries in American history. That's next week on Infamous America. Members of our Black Barrel Plus program don't have to wait week to week for new episodes. They receive the entire season to binge all at once with no commercials. And they also receive exclusive bonus episodes.
32:16 Speaker 01 Sign up now through the link in the show notes or on our website, blackbarrelmedia.com. Memberships are just $5 per month. This episode was researched and written by Andrew Messer. It was produced by Joe Garrel. Original music by Rob Valier. I'm Chris Wimmer. Thanks for listening.
Previous BOSTON HEISTS Ep. 1 | Great Brink’s Robbery: “The Perfect Plan” Next BOSTON HEISTS Ep. 3 | Gardner Museum: “You Can’t Sell A Rembrandt” Page updated November 1, 2026 · transcript and summary are machine-generated