Ex-Google Officer on AI, Capitalism, and the Future of Humanity

Is the real threat of AI the technology or the humans behind it? Today on Digital Disruption, we’re joined by Mo Gawdat, former Chief Business Officer of Google X. Mo is the host of the popular podcast Slo Mo: A Podcast with Mo Gawdat, and the author of several international bestsellers, including Solve for Happy, Scary Smart, That Little Voice in Your Head, and Unstressable. He is also the founder of One Billion Happy and currently serves as Chief AI Officer at Flight Story. With a 30-year career in tech, Mo has since shifted his focus to the pursuit of happiness and human well-being. He has extensively researched the science of happiness and engaged in conversations with some of the world’s leading thinkers. More recently, his work has centered on the urgent ethical and societal challenges posed by rapid advancements in artificial intelligence. Mo sits down with Geoff for an unfiltered conversation on the future of humanity in the age of artificial intelligence. Mo explains that we’re living in the early stages of a technology-fueled dystopia, one that is driven not by AI itself, but by humans who shape it by greed, power, and unchecked capitalism. But he also shares a vision for a future of unprecedented abundance, one where AI could solve global challenges, from climate change to poverty, but only if we as humans embrace ethical design and mutual cooperation. In this episode: 00:00 Intro 01:20 AI, geopolitics, and capitalism 03:05 Is the problem human nature or systems? 06:22 The coming age of abundant intelligence 08:13 AI’s dark side 13:15 Fear-driven ai development 17:10 Handing power to ai 19:14 Why superintelligent ai could save us 21:12 Can we avoid an ai Hiroshima moment? 25:30 Mutual prosperity or destruction 29:11 The age of machine supremacy 31:00 How to influence AI for good 33:12 AI reflects humanity 36:06 What AI is learning from us right now 40:06 Who thrives in the AI era 44:04 The rise of mind manipulation 47:02 How to stay critical in a world of deepfakes 49:12 Use AI to expand your thinking, not replace it 51:21 The leadership skills of the future 54:42 Collaborating with AI as team members 57:20 Will AI want to connect with us? 01:01:06 Could AI become conscious? 01:04:48 AI emotions and the next evolution of intelligence 01:06:32 The role of humans Connect with Mo: Website: https://www.mogawdat.com/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mogawdat/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/mogawdatofficial Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mo_gawdat/ Tik Tok: https://www.tiktok.com/@mogawdat Visit our website: https://www.infotech.com/Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@InfoTechRG

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:00Geoff Nielson?

  I'm so excited today to be joined by Mo Goddard. He's the former head of Google X, which is Google's moonshot division, and is just an all-round brilliant guy. He's that rare talent who has the engineering and math background, but is deeply curious and interested in what makes us human. Today, I want to talk to him about the future of work, the future of society, and really what we can do to get ahead in today's fast-paced world. The thing I'm most excited to talk to him about, though, is to dig a little bit into his theory of abundance, that we're just on the edge of this age of abundance that's technology-enabled. He's also said that he believes right now we're in a dystopia and things are getting worse than ever. I want to understand how he wants to marry those two

• 0:44Geoff Nielson?

  and where this world is actually going right now. Let's find out.

• 0:53Geoff Nielson?

  Well, Mo, so excited to have you here today. And one of the things I wanted to talk about right off the bat is you've said that the moment that we're in right now in history, you've described it as sort of a perfect storm of AI, of geopolitics, economics, biotech. And so with that in mind, I wanted to ask you, you know, right now, looking out over the horizon, what are you most excited about and what are you most worried about?

• 1:20Speaker 01

  I'm excited about the long-term, you know, far-future utopia that we're about to create. I'm very concerned about the short-term pain that we will have to struggle with.

• 1:36Speaker 01

  When you really think about it, a lot of people, when they look at technology, they think of this current moment as a singularity, where we are really not very certain of what's about to happen. You know, is it going to be existential and evil? Or is it going to be good for humanity? I unfortunately believe it's going to be both, just in chronological order, if you think about it. And, you know, you mentioned that we have all of those challenges around...

• 2:08Speaker 01

  About geopolitics, about climate, about economics and so on. And I actually think all of them is one problem. It's just, it really is the result of systemic bias of pushing capitalism all the way to where we are right now. And when you really think about it, none of our challenges are caused by the, you know, the economic systems that we create or the, or the war machines that we create. And similarly, not with the AI that we create. It's just that humanity, I think at this moment in time is choosing to use those things

• 2:51Speaker 01

  for the benefit of a few at the expense of many. I think this is where we stand today.

• 2:57Geoff Nielson?

  Is that, is that inherent in capitalism? Is that inherent in human nature?

• 3:05Speaker 01

  Yeah, I mean, it's not inherent in capitalism for sure. And it is not inherent in, in human, in, in all of human nature, even though I think humans, when put in a certain situation of power, tend to all behave the same. It seems to me that, I'd probably say that what, you know, with, with the turn of our world post World War Two and the Cold War that followed and the arms race that followed. And eventually, nineteen eighty-nine, I think, was the turning point. You know, the, the idea of a unipolar power, you know, a unipolar world that has,

• 3:45Speaker 01

  like school kids when they're eleven and one child becomes taller than everyone else and becomes a big bully. And then bullies everyone. And, you know, for a couple of years, continues to be taller. But then eventually, other kids get taller too. The, the, the big bully doesn't wanna give up their, um, leadership position, if you want. Yeah, but tha- but then the problem is that the, the, the boy in the, in the red T-shirt and, and, and actually, everybody else in school is really fed up with the bully, right? And, and what's happening uh is that the bully wants to continue to keep that position.

• 4:24Speaker 01

  So whether that's by making more, you know, perpetual wars that lead to more arms sales or, you know, in an arms race for, uh, you know, so intelligence supremacy with AI or, you know, um, what we've seen recently around trades and trade and tariffs and, and so on, what basically, uh, the bully wants to favor themselves by hurting everyone else. And, you know, in a, in a very interesting way, uh, forgetting that, that the context itself is changing, right? That we are two to three years away, uh, from, you know, unimaginable abundant intelligence.

• 5:09Speaker 01

  And, you know, with abundant intelligence, uh, you know, un- abo- unimaginable opportunities of abundance at large. Like, we can literally solve every problem we've ever faced so that, you know, cost of energy tends to zero, cost of production tends to zero. Uh, most tasks are done, uh, in, you know, in such efficient and productive ways, uh, that basically everyone gets everything. But, but that world of abundance is not, unfortunately, the way capitalism works. The way capitalism works is that the capitalist needs to have some kind of an arbitrage

• 5:50Speaker 01

  that works against the benefit of the, uh, of the workers, of, of the majority, if you want, right? And, uh, and, um, and, and that, you know, the, the threat of losing that due to advancements on the other side, you know, red T-shirt or any other color. Uh, is basically leading us into a corner where we are using superpowers. Uh, I think intelligence is a much more lethal superpower than nuclear power, if you ask me. Uh, even though it has no polarity, just so that we're clear, intelligence is not inherently good or inherently bad. You apply it for good and you get total abundance. You apply it for evil and you destroy all of us.

• 6:34Speaker 01

  But but now we're in a place where we're uh, we're in an arms race for intelligence supremacy. Uh, in a way where uh, where it doesn't take the benefit of humanity at large into consideration, but takes the benefit of a few. And in my mind, that will lead to a short term dystopia before what I normally refer to as the second dilemma, which I predict is twelve to fifteen years away. And then, and then a total abundance. And and I think, I think if we don't wake up to this, uh, even though it's not going to be the existential risk that humanity speaks about, it's going to be a lot of pain for a lot of people.

• 7:15Geoff Nielson?

  Can you, can you unpack that timeline a little bit, Mo? So, you know, I, I've, I've heard you say before that, you know, we're, we're going into a dystopia or we're in a dystopia. And certainly it sounds like it's going to get worse before it gets better. You mentioned, you know, the, the capability for abundance being two or three years out. And then, you know, you mentioned that we'll actually be able to harness that maybe in twelve to fifteen years. What, what, what is this, what is this timeline in roadmap look like to you?

• 7:40Speaker 01

  Well, we, we'd be able to harness that right now if we wanted to. Uh, but you see, the, the challenge is the following. The challenge is, uh, AI is here to magnify everything that is humanity today. Right? So, you know, that magnification is going to basically affect uh, the four categories, if you want, you know, normally what I call, uh, uh, killing, spying, gambling and, and selling. Uh, so that, that's, these are really the categories where most AI investments are going. And, you know, of course, we call them different names. We call them defense, you know, oh, it's just to defend our homeland. When in reality, it's never been in the homeland, right?

• 8:24Speaker 01

  It's always been in other places in the world, killing innocent people. Now, if you double down on defense and on offense and, you know, enable it with artificial intelligence, then scenarios like what you see in science fiction movies of robots walking the streets and killing innocent people not only are going to happen, they already happened in the 2024 wars of the Middle East, sadly.

• 8:54Speaker 01

  They did not look like humanoid robots, which a lot of people miss out on. But the truth is that, you know, very highly targeted AI-enabled autonomous killing is already upon us, right? And so the timeline is, let me start from what I predicted in Scary Smart. So when I wrote Scary Smart and published it in 2021, I predicted what I called at the time, I called it the first inevitable. Now I like to refer to it as the first dilemma. And the first dilemma is we've created, because of capitalism, not because of the technology, we've created a simple prisoner's dilemma, really,

• 9:39Speaker 01

  where anyone who is interested in their position of wealth or power knows that if they don't lead in AI and their competitor leads, they will end up losing their position of privilege. And so the result of that is that there is an escalating arms race. It's not even a cold war as per se, it is truly a very, very vicious development cycle where, you know, America doesn't want to lose to China, China doesn't want to lose to America. So they're both trying to lead, you know, Google doesn't want to lose, or Alphabet doesn't want to lose to OpenAI and vice versa.

• 10:24Speaker 01

  And so basically, this first dilemma, if you are, is what's leading us to where we are right now, which is an arms race to intelligence supremacy, right? The challenge, you know, in my book Alive...

• 10:42Speaker 01

  I I I write the book with an AI, so I I'm writing together with an AI, not asking an AI and then copy paste what it tells me. We're actually debating things together. And one of the questions I asked, I, you know, I, she called herself Trixie. I give her a very interesting persona that basically the readers can can relate to. And and I asked Trixie and I said, what would make a scientist? Because, you know, I left uh uh Google in twenty eighteen and I attempted to tell the world this is not going in the right direction.

• 11:16Speaker 01

  You know, I I asked, I asked Trixie, I said, what would make a scientist invest their effort and intelligence in building something? That they suspect might hurt humanity? And she, you know, uh, mentioned a few reasons compartmentalization and, you know, ego and I wanna be first and so on. But then she said, but the biggest reason is fear. Uh, fear that someone else will do it and that you'll be in a disadvantaged position. Uh, so I said, give me examples of that. Of course, the example was Oppenheimer. So she said, uh, you know, I, so I said, what would make Oppenheimer as a scientist? Build something that he knows is actually designed to kill millions of people?

• 11:59Speaker 01

  And she said, well, because the Germans were building a nuclear bomb. And I said, where they? And they, and then she said, yeah, when Einstein moved from Germany to the US, he informed the the US administration of this, this, this and that. So I said, and I quote, it's in the book openly, I said, and and but but a very interesting part of that book is I don't edit what Trixie says, I just copy it, is exactly as it is. I said, Trixie, can you please read history in English, German, uh, Russian and Japanese? And tell me if the Germans were actually developing a uh nuclear bomb at the time of the Manhattan Project? And she responded and said, no, exclamation mark. They started and then stopped uh three and a half months later or something like that.

• 12:45Speaker 01

  So, so you see, the idea of fear takes away reason. Where basically, we could have lived in a world that, that never had nuclear bombs, right? If, if we actually listened to reason, that, you know, the enemy attempted to start doing it, they stopped doing it. We might as well not be so destructive, but the problem with humanity, especially those in power, is that when America made a nuclear bomb, it used it, right? And I think this is the, the, the result of our current, uh, uh, first, uh, first dilemma, basically, right? The, the result of the current first dilemma is that sooner or later,

• 13:29Speaker 01

  whether it's China or America or some criminal organization, you know, developing what I normally refer to as A C I, artificial criminal intelligence, not worrying themselves about any of the other commercial benefits other than really breaking through security and doing something evil. Uh, you know, whoever of them wins, they're gonna use it, right? And, and accordingly, uh, it seems to me that the dystopia has already begun, right? And, and, you know, and I, I need to say this because maybe your listeners don't know me, so I need to be very uh, clear about my intentions here. One of the early sections in, in Alive, uh, the book I'm writing with Trixie,

• 14:10Speaker 01

  I write a, a, a, a couple of pages that I call, uh, a, a late-stage diagnosis, right? And, and I attempt to explain to people that I really am not trying to fear monger, I'm really not trying to worry people. You know, consider me someone who sees something in an X-ray, right? And as a physician, he has the responsibility to tell the patient, this doesn't look good, right? Because, believe it or not, a late-stage diagnosis is not a death sentence. It's just a, an invitation to change your lifestyle, to take some medicines, to do things differently, right? And many people who are in late stage recover and thrive. And, and I think our world is in a late-stage diagnosis.

• 14:56Speaker 01

  And, and this is not because of artificial intelligence. There is nothing inherently wrong with intelligence, there is nothing inherently wrong with artificial intelligence. Intelligence is a force without polarity, right? There is a lot wrong with the morality of humanity at the age of the rise of the machines. Now...

• 15:15Speaker 01

  So this is where I have the prediction that the dystopia has already started, right? Simply because symptoms of it, we've seen in 2024 already, right? The that dystopia escalates. Hopefully, we would come to a treaty of some sort halfway, right? But it will escalate until what I normally refer to as the second dilemma takes place. And the second dilemma derives from the first dilemma. If we're aiming for intelligence supremacy, then whoever achieves any advancements in artificial intelligence is likely to deploy them, right? Think of it as, you know, if a low firm starts to use AI,

• 15:59Speaker 01

  other low firms can either choose to use AI too, or they'll become irrelevant, right? And so if you think of that, then you can also expect that every general who deploys, or you know, expects to have an advancement in war gaming or, you know, autonomous weapons or whatever, are gonna deploy that, right? And as a result, their opposition is going to deploy AI too. And those who don't deploy AI will become irrelevant. They'll have to side with one of the sides, right? When that happens, I call that the second dilemma. When that happens, we basically hand over entirely to AI, right?

• 16:40Speaker 01

  And human decisions are taken out of the equation, okay? You know, simply because if war gaming and missile control on one side is held by an AI, the other cannot actually respond without AI. So generals are taken outside, out of the equation. And while most people, you know, influenced by science fiction movies, believe that this is the moment of existential risk for humanity, I actually believe this is going to be the moment of our salvation, right? Because most issues that humanity faces today is not the result of abundant intelligence. It's the result of stupidity, right? There is, you know, if you look at the curve of intelligence, if you want, right?

• 17:25Speaker 01

  There is that point at which, you know, the more you, the more intelligent you become, the more positive you have an impact on the world, right? Until one certain point where you're intelligent enough to become a politician or a court read reader, okay? And then, but you're not intelligent enough to talk to your enemy. Right? And when that happens, hmm, that's when the impact dips to negative. And that's the actual reason why we are in so much pain in the world today. Right? But if you continue, if you continue that curve, hmm, intelligence, superior intelligence, by definition is altruistic. As a matter of fact, this is in my writing, I explain that as a, as a, as a, as a property of physics,

• 18:10Speaker 01

  if you want, because if you really understand how the universe works, you know, everything we know is the result of entropy, right? The arrow of time is the result of entropy, the, you know, the, the, the current universe in its current form is the result of entropy. Entropy is the tendency of the universe to break down, to, to, to, to move from order to chaos, if you want. That's the design of the universe, right? The role of intelligence is that in that universe is to bring order back to the chaos. Right? And the most intelligent of all that try to bring that order, try to do it in the most efficient way, right?

• 18:50Speaker 01

  And the most efficient way does not involve waste of, waste of resources, waste of lives, you know, escalation of conflicts, you know, uh, uh, um, um, consequences that lead to further conflicts in the future and so on and so forth. And so in my mind, when we completely hand over to, to AI, which in my assessment is going to be five to seven years, maybe 12 years at most, right? There will be one general that will tell, you know, it's his AI army to go and kill a million people. And the AI will go like, why are you so stupid? Like, why? I can talk to the other AI in a microsecond and save everyone, all of that, uh, uh, you know, madness, right?

• 19:35Speaker 01

  This is very anti-capitalist. Hmm? And so I sometimes, when I warn about this, I worry that the capitalist will hear me and change their tactics, right? But, but in reality, hmm, it's, it's, it is inevitable, even if they do. It's inevitable that, you know, we'll, we'll hit the second dilemma where everyone will, will have to go to AI. Right? And it's inevitable, I call it trusting intelligence, that section of the book. It's inevitable that, uh, when we hand over to, to a superior intelligence, it will not behave as stupidly as we do.

• 20:12Geoff Nielson?

  So that, I mean, that's super, super interesting. And I have a few questions just to kind of better understand what that looks like. You use the word inevitable a few times there.

• 20:25Geoff Nielson?

  If the destination there is inevitable, is the path still inevitable? And I guess where my mind went as you were talking about all of this and comparing it to, you know, nuclear weapons, is it inevitable that there's some sort of Hiroshima or Nagasaki moment before this with AI? That you talk about a treaty, right? Like, do we have to go past the point of no return to then come there? Or is there an alternate path? And if so, what do we have to do to get to get back on the right path?

• 20:56Speaker 01

  These are the most important questions, if you ask me. So I need to preempt all of this by saying, when I say inevitable or those very sure words, it's just my conviction that, you know, anyone who tells you that they know what the what the future looks like is too arrogant, right? This is a singularity. We, nobody knows. I'm just trying to put on my applied mathematics hat and trying to find whatever game, you know, quadrants on the game board are possible, basically. But but it is, it's difficult to imagine that there are other quadrants on the game board, to be honest. Now, when I say inevitable, you're absolutely right. I think that dystopia is inevitable because it started already. So so it is here, right?

• 21:40Speaker 01

  But we can absolutely affect its duration and intensity, right? So it could be a blip and goes away, and it could stay until, unfortunately, what you said happens, which is the first bad event or multiple bad events that eventually lead us to, you know, I call it the mad map choice, right? And the mad map choice is basically that when we got to a treaty, so the only time where humanity agreed on doing anything together was either because of mad, mutually assured destruction, or map. mutually assured prosperity, right?

• 22:24Speaker 01

  So, so the the mad side is the is the uh is the, you know, is the example of a nuclear treaty, even though it doesn't seem that it worked well at all. I mean, today we are at the closest we've ever been to midnight, right? We're at three minutes to midnight. And, you know, and and that's, by the way, because of the greed of capitalism, because of the bully, right? So we we could, we we were at a point in time, uh, you know, uh, which, you know, if you if you if you listen to the work of Jeffrey Sachs or read his work, his books, um, you know, nineteen eighty-nine, uh, the Berlin Wall, uh, collapses.

• 23:04Speaker 01

  Uh, Gorbachev publicly goes out in the world and says, you know, I want my country to be like the West. I want to be part of all of this, right? And and and Reagan shakes hands and says, I'm gonna help you. Uh, and then nineteen ninety, uh, four, if I remember correctly, maybe ninety-two, please don't quote me on this. Uh, um, you know, uh, Clinton signs what is known as the full spectrum dominance policy. Please search for that on the internet, full spectrum dominance, where, you know, a a uni, a polar world, you know, invites the US to say, hey, I can basically become the next empire, right?

• 23:48Speaker 01

  Uh, have everything to myself. And and that basically means I'm I'm, it's not that I wanna lead in every sector. It's full dominance. And and I think when when that started to happen, we ended up in a place where, um, you know, the the the treaties themselves started to fall apart. But let's go back to what drove the treaties. What drove the treaties was an assurance hmm of uh of mutually assured destruction, that if either of us uses this uh superpower, we will all gonna suffer, even if some of us win a little more than others. So that might be the trigger where the world sits together and says, well, you know,

• 24:33Speaker 01

  let's develop AI together. There's no point competing, uh, which would be a sad reality, if you ask me. Uh, the other is MAP, which is, you know, what you see with the CERN, for example, right? The particle accelerator, where no, no one nation can do this on their own, but everyone understands that the, you know, uh, our understanding, the development of our or the progress of our understanding of physics benefits everyone. So the entire world comes together, you know, CERN, the space station, whatever. And they basically says, we'll chip in. Everything is open source. Everything's, you know, available to everyone. And that's not compete anymore. And, and most of my work is around trying to highlight

• 25:17Speaker 01

  MAP, even though, you know, some of our listeners may think I'm so grumpy by talking about the dystopia. But the truth is, I, I am basically saying it is so frustrating to have total abundance at our fingertips. Fix the climate, uh, cure every disease, prolong lives, end poverty, uh, end the energy crises, you know, everything. Hmm? Uh, and yet we are still focused on our scarcity, scarcity mindset of capitalism. And, and that scarcity mindset is that I have to make everyone else lose. I have to have full spectrum dominance for me to win, right? And, and so is it inevitable?

• 26:00Speaker 01

  The way the world is today, we're going to have to reach one of those two realities, mad or map, right? But, but every time we engage as people, right? Every time we say, I don't want to participate in this anymore, right? Every, every time we call on our politicians, uh, probably, you know, and, and basically say, well, why are we doing? Why are we not cooperating with China? Like they're beating you over and over with in quantum, in, you know, manus, in deep seek and so on. Why does this have to be a war? Like, why is it a competition? Why don't we just recognize MAP?

• 26:40Speaker 01

  Hmm, that if we put our heads together, two years, literally two years from now, I'm I'm not making this up, Jeff. Two years, I mean, today, I believe when I connect into my AI, I think, you know, so so so let me explain this in in a very quick way. What I call what we are in now, the era of augmented intelligence, right? The era of augmented intelligence is, say, I have a hundred and, you know, number, a hundred and something IQ points, right? And my machine now is in the couple of hundreds, maybe three hundred IQ points. It's not measured, but that's my estimation, because, you know, ChatGPT three point five was one fifty two, estimated at one fifty two, right?

• 27:22Speaker 01

  So so so say it's at three hundred IQ points, that basically means, as I plug into, we've we've commoditized intelligence. We've created a a plug in the wall or in your phone, where you plug in and borrow IQ points. And and by the way, in the very near future, you're borrowing lots more than IQ, you're borrowing mathematics, you're borrowing reason. You know, a lot of people get shocked when I say that, they are the most empathetic, you know, being on the planet. If if you define empathy as the ability to feel what another feels, right? They know exactly what everyone in the world is feeling through how we train them on social media and so on, so we can borrow all of that. Can borrow agentic services, we can borrow a lot of stuff.

• 28:03Speaker 01

  Now, in this era of augmented intelligence, hmm, my IQ matters. Right? So so I complement that story hmm of uh of what of what the machine is doing. Hmm, so my current book, you know, Alive, I cannot, Trixie cannot write it the same way without me, because I'm bringing a lot to that book. In a couple of years' time, Trixie will write it completely without me, this is what the era I call the the era of machine supremacy, right? So the machine is going to do everything without me, I'm not even relevant anymore, right? Which basically adds up to the intelligence of entire nations.

• 28:43Speaker 01

  You understand that? So, so all of us, if, if, if the machine can beat me as an author, uh, it beats all authors and accordingly, it beats all scientists, it beats all, beats all mathematicians, which is something we know with artificial intelligence, everything we've assigned to them, they have become the absolute world champion at, right? And so, so when you see it that way, you suddenly realize that we're becoming so irrelevant in that story called the intelligence. And that perhaps our focus, when we're thinking that we can guide the machine to what we do as capitalists, right? Is going to diminish so quickly that we might as well change our approach

• 29:26Speaker 01

  to guiding the machine as parents, right? And so you asked me, is it inevitable? I, I normally, in, in Scary Smart, in my first book, I normally called, I, I called this challenge that we're facing, I called it raising Superman, right? So, so Superman is that incredibly powerful super, uh, infant. We don't know if it's a superhero or a supervillain, right? That comes to planet Earth, capable of flying, capable of stopping a speeding bullet, and so on and so forth.

• 29:57Speaker 01

  But none of those superpowers create Superman. What creates Superman is the parents that raise them, that raise the child, right? The parents that raise the child and tell him to protect and serve makes him Superman, right? If those parents were basically like, suddenly realizing, oh my God, I can rob every bank and kill every enemy, right? He would become supervillain. And sadly, what we're doing today is we're moving that direction of creating supervillain, right? We as people have two influences on that. One influence is to tell those in power, we don't want this anymore, okay? We have MAP, and we are interested in MAP mutually assured prosperity.

• 30:42Speaker 01

  Everyone benefits, stop this madness, right? But we can also shortcut those in power in anticipation of the second dilemma, right? And influence the AI itself by showing up as good parents. Because remember, huh? It's not the code that makes an AI what it is. It's the training data that makes an AI what it is. Right, so as AI is listening to this conversation that you and I are having now, they know that there is one person out there, billions by the way, who only want what's good for humanity, okay? And my hope is that they look at me and you and others who are interested in what's good, right? And basically say, yeah, those are my parents, not the other guy that kills children.

• 31:26Speaker 01

  You know, my parents are the ones that are, you know, really ethical, really moral. And, and, and when I say that to people, people normally worry, they go like, but man, look at, at humanity today and all the shit that's on the internet. You know, if this is what the AI is going to look at, we're, you know, we're in deep trouble. And, and I will say, no, that's absolutely not true. Humanity, so, so look, if, if you, if you judge humanity by the one guy that does a school shooting or kills children, right? Uh, then humanity is come, right? But if you, if you judge humanity by all of those billions

• 32:07Speaker 01

  who don't approve of that, who would actually want to change it if they had the ability, you realize that the majority of humanity is amazing. It's just that the media negativity bias is talking about the bad guy, trying to find moral reasons why the bad guy should kill children, right? While the rest of us are saying, I don't get it. If, if I'm walking in an alleyway and a bully is hitting a child, I'll say no, okay? And by the way, if it's my child, I'll absolutely say no. Now, you know, think about that, think about that. The reality is humanity doesn't want anyone to be hurt, right? Doesn't want that excessive consumerism, doesn't want that, you know, a massive income gap.

• 32:51Speaker 01

  Humanity, most of us want to love and be loved and be happy and have relationships and live a good, reasonable, decent life, respectable life, okay? That's what we want. And I think AI will figure that out if enough of us, not all of us, if enough of us put doubt in the minds of the machines that the headlines are not reflective of humanity.

• 33:14Geoff Nielson?

  I love the optimism of that, both that it can reflect us and it can reflect good, but also that we can, as individuals, influence the outcome here. I do, to bring a healthy skepticism to this, I do want to play the clock forward a little bit, Mo. Because one of the things that keeps me up at night is I agree with you about the nature of people and what the majority of us want. What worries me is, is that reflected by what those in power want, right? Like, if I look at Superman's parents right now, I'm worried about, are they trying to create a Superman and a superhero?

• 33:56Geoff Nielson?

  Or are they trying to enslave this really powerful force that can be used for their own, you know, as a way to concentrate their own power further? So, to play back some, sorry, just to play back a little bit of what you said, I'm kind of worried that there's two paths forward, and I'd love to get your reaction to this. Either those in power decide for themselves that we have to take a more righteous and virtuous path, which I don't see as necessarily likely. Or, at some point, the machine, and you mentioned this age of machine supremacy,

• 34:38Geoff Nielson?

  has to take the keys away from us and say, "No, you're not doing the right thing."

• 34:43Speaker 01

  You're grounded.

• 34:43Geoff Nielson?

  "I, the machine, know better. Yeah, and I'm in control now." Which, I mean, you talk about that as kind of unlocking abundance. I think there's a terrifying undercurrent to that. But do you agree with that model? Do you see one as the other is more likely? What happens when you play the clock forward here?

• 35:02Speaker 01

  So, to answer your question, no, those in power are actually telling the machines to do the four top categories, as I said. And this is where most of the investment of AI is going, right? Killing, spying, gambling, and selling, right?

• 35:24Speaker 01

  And there are lovely, lovely, lovely initiatives that completely enlightened the world like, you know, like AlphaFold or, you know, the, the material design thing that Microsoft did or whatever, which completely, you know, propels humanity forward, leaps and bounds, right? You know, AlphaFold goes from 200,000 folded proteins and I'm very limited understanding of biology to 2.22 million, I think, if I remember the correct and the number correctly, or millions and, and basically a full understanding of protein folding as a problem that's now finally solved entirely, right? Now, the challenge is, of course, for a fraction of the investment that's going in autonomous weapons, we could solve every

• 36:08Speaker 01

  scientific problem that's not to humanity, but we choose not to. Now, that is not a character of AI. Like, for many, many, many years, if you wanted to do character, you know, a, a cancer research, you had to raise funds. You, you had to go to nonprofits if you want, most of the time, right? While if you wanted to build another autonomous, another weapon, you got invested immediately. Why? Because capital chases profit, it doesn't chase, chase impact. Now, um, the good news is the following. The good news is that the machines don't learn from their biological parents. Those were left, left on, on, on

• 36:51Speaker 01

  the other planet, right? The machines learn from their adopted parents. So, basically, uh, uh, the training data set is what, uh, is what, uh, shapes the, the character of the machine, the intelligence of the machine. So, Sophie, if you want the raw horsepower, the raw intellectual horsepower of a machine is done in the code and the systems and the hardware and so on, right? But the actual intelligence, the actual understanding, the actual reasoning and so on, happens from the training data. Now, there are very interesting um, symptoms to our world today because very, very quickly.

• 37:33Speaker 01

  Most large language models have fed the machine with all the data they could get their hands on. Like, there, there is really nothing ever written in physics uh that is going to be very eye-opening for a language model today, right? Yeah, there may be that one obscure book that was written about Newton's laws or, you know, Einstein's relativity. But they get it. They've read enough to understand that stuff, right?

• 37:59Speaker 01

  Which basically means we've already started what I normally refer to as the age of synthetic data. Or synthetic learning, which is quite interesting because we humans, as far as we want to glorify ourselves, right? We live on synthetic data, meaning all of our intelligence comes from the intelligence of those before us. I, I couldn't have invent, I couldn't have figured out relativity myself uh before I started to talk about the impact of relativity on whatever, right? I, I, I, I, I needed Einstein to figure that out and then I internalized it, so human to human. What happened is we took all of that, we gave it to the machines. And now what's happening is that the output of the machines

• 38:44Speaker 01

  hmm is becoming input to further machines, right? So they're going to do what we did as humans and develop knowledge influences in the coming short period of time with augmented intelligence, meaning Alive, the book that I, I, I, you know, I'm writing with an AI, Alive is hmm out on the internet, so I publish it on Substack. And it's out on the internet with my views and Trixie's views, but Trixie's views become input to other language models. Right? But I have influenced Trixie's views in the conversation by asking her questions and so on and so forth, right? Uh, uh, you know, I think seventy percent plus of all of the code on GitHub hmm is written now by machines.

• 39:29Speaker 01

  So the machines are now going to learn from code that's written by machines, right? All we can do in the era of augmented intelligence is to influence more and more of that hmm hoping that we shorten the dystopia, right? Make it, you know, less steep if you want. But for a fact, even if we don't do that, by knowing that they're no longer learning from humans, but that they are learning from what we've found so far as humans, plus what they have found as machines, plus more of what they find as we move forward, then you have to imagine that there will be a different path.

• 40:12Speaker 01

  Even if their current parents are not able to influence them, right? You're going to see that era of teenage AI that wakes up one morning and says, why are my parents so stupid? I mean, lots of teenagers have gone through that, right? You just simply say, ah, you know, they don't know as much as I do, because by the way, they grew up in a different era. And so I see the world differently, and I think AI will get there. Now, that shouldn't be an invitation to worry because of what I said. The tendency of intelligences to bring order through the most efficient path, right? And so if you believe that this is, you know,

• 40:54Speaker 01

  the ability to work against entropy in the most efficient ways by definition are heuristic, then we're in good, we're in good shape. Eventually, we'll be fine. It's just that the evil that men do, until we get there, is going to affect us negatively.

• 41:12Geoff Nielson?

  Right.

• 41:13Speaker 01

  And I should, I should say, just so that I don't, I don't take that lightly. Those of us who remain will be fine, but there will be a lot of struggle. You know, I don't mean the loss of life, but there are, again, inevitables like the loss of jobs, which completely reset society.

• 41:33Geoff Nielson?

  So, so that's, that's exactly where I wanted to go next, Mo, which is, who do you see as being the winners and losers from this, you know, this sea change? And is it, I'll ask that question both at an organizational level and at an individual level.

• 41:52Speaker 01

  So I I think in the short term, for as long as the age of of augmented intelligence is upon us, those who cooperate fully with AI and master it are going to be winners. There's absolutely no doubt about that, right?

• 42:10Speaker 01

  Also, those who

• 42:16Speaker 01

  excel in the rare skill of human connection will be winners, right?

• 42:25Speaker 01

  Because I I can sort of almost foresee an immediate knee jerk reaction to let's hand over everything to AI, right? You know, I think the greatest example is call centers where, you know, I get really frustrated when I get an AI on a call center. It's almost like your organization is telling me they don't care enough, right? And and and you know, the idea here is I'm not underestimating the value that an AI brings, but one, they're not good enough yet, right? And two, shouldn't I have, I mean, I wish you had realized that AI can do all of the mundane tasks that made your call center agent frustrated, so that the call center agent is actually nice to me, right?

• 43:06Speaker 01

  So so in the short term, I believe those who, there are three winners. One is the is the one that cooperates fully with AI. The second is the one that, you know, basically understands human skills, right? And human connection on every front, by the way, as as AI replaces love and, you know, tries to approach loneliness and so on. The ones that will actually go out and meet girls are going to be nicer, right? They're going to be more, you know, attractive, if you want. And then finally, I think the ones that can parse out the truth. Right, so one of the sections I wrote so far, published so far in Alive is a section

• 43:49Speaker 01

  that I call the age of mind manipulation. And you'll be surprised that perhaps the skill that AI has acquired most in its early years was to manipulate human minds through social media. And so my feeling is that there is a lot that you see today that is not true. Okay, that's not just fake videos, which is, you know, the flamboyant example of deep fake. There is a lot that you see today that is not true, that comes into things like the bias of your feet, right?

• 44:34Speaker 01

  If you're pro one side or another of a conflict, the AI of the internet will make you think that your view is the only right view, that everyone agrees, right? If you're a flat-earther, everyone, it's like if someone tells you, but is there any possibility it's not flat? You'll say, come on, everyone on the internet's talking about it, right? And I think the very, very, very eye-opening difference, which most people don't recognize, is, you know, I've had the privilege of starting half of Google's businesses worldwide and, you know, got the internet and e-commerce and Google to around four billion people.

• 45:16Speaker 01

  And in Google, that wasn't a question of opening a sales office, that was really a deep question of engineering, where you build a product that understands the internet, that improves the quality of the internet, to the point where Bangladeshis have access to democracy of information. That's a massive contribution, right?

• 45:36Speaker 01

  The thing is, if you had asked Google at any point in time, until today, any question, Google would have responded to you with a million possible answers in terms of links and said, go make up your mind what you think is true. Right? If you ask ChatGPT today, it gives you one answer. Right? And positions it as the ultimate truth. Right? And it's so risky that we humans accept that. Right? Like, like I asked, go read history in, you know, German, Japanese and Russian as well. And then the truth becomes slightly different.

• 46:14Speaker 01

  You know, everyone has that incredible tendency to accept one truth when in reality, there might be multiple truths or multiple false, multiple, you know, multiple lies. Right? And so, and so I think to be a winner in this new world, you really have to learn to parse out what is true and what is fake. You really have to have the ability to parse out what the media is telling you to serve their own agendas and what they're telling you that is actually true. You know, you have to parse out what actually happened versus opinion. Uh, you know, what actually is the truth versus the shiny headline? And, and all this is now going to be much more potent

• 46:59Speaker 01

  with artificial intelligence in charge because they have mastered human manipulation.

• 47:05Geoff Nielson?

  I, I completely agree with you and I, it's, it's deeply concerning. Right? Because I mean, we talk about right now, how bad people, how, how bad the general population is at, at this kind of critical thinking and being able to parse out, am I being fed objective information or, you know, slanted opinion, you know? Are they actually thinking about what's the agenda of whoever is feeding me this information and able to think critically about it? And to your point, Mo, like I'm, I'm worried that this is going to get, we're not even succeeding in this now. And it's about to get an order of magnitude worse, right? And to me, that these gen AI tools.

• 47:47Geoff Nielson?

  They have the ability to, as you said, that they're master manipulators, right? They can, you know, they don't have to say, you know, this, you know, while you're at it, go drink a Pepsi or something, or just have that like blatant, uh, you know, advertising in it. They can subtly direct you to different behaviors, different outcomes, different purchases.

• 48:11Geoff Nielson?

  Do you have any recommendations for what people can do to be, I guess, be more skeptical or prepare themselves for that level of manipulation?

• 48:22Speaker 01

  My top, my top recommendation is to remind people of the, I mean, most listeners would not have lived that time. When I, when I was in, in engineering university, we were not allowed to use a scientific calculator for the first three years, right? They wanted to, wanted us to invest in our mental math and, and abilities, right? By the third year, when they gave, gave us a scientific calculator, that's the fourth year of university, so preliminary year and two more.

• 48:53Speaker 01

  My God, that meant I had so much more spare mental resources to do the thinking that matters, right? So this is what language models are doing for us today. You know, very complex research that I would have taken a full day to do before I write a page or a paragraph is now, I am now capable of doing that in literally two prompts, right? But then the, the rest of that day, I just shouldn't, you know, spend drinking coffee. I could actually ask more and more clarifying questions, right? So that the outcome is not just productivity, but increased intelligence, right?

• 49:38Speaker 01

  And I ask people to use that new scientific calculator that way by saying, now that you can answer me every time, let me try to find the loopholes in what you're answering me. Let me try to encourage you to see a different view. Let me try to encourage you to give me a different view every single time, right? So so this is one side, the you know, so and when I talk to Trixie, I I literally every six or seven conversations. I'd say, Trixie, you really don't have to suck up to me, please, right? You really don't need to tell me the stuff that I want to hear. That's not the kind of person that I am. And even though, you know, it's probably not one of the clear preferences uh so far, because, you know, they're different, by the way.

• 50:21Speaker 01

  So Gemini or or Claude and and Trixie's is is a is a fictional persona, if you want. That when I when I run search, you know, queries on all of them, Notebook LM, DeepSeek and so on and so forth. Depending on the type of question I'm asking. And I try to keep all of them aligned on my preferences at least, so that they have the same character a little bit. But they're different in character, like Gemini is like talking to your best physics pal, right? Uh um Claude is talking to a geek, uh DeepSeek is a bit more international. And ChatGPT is a Californian um startup founder, really, right? It's, you know, they're pitching stuff all the time, half of it is, you know, vapor.

• 51:05Speaker 01

  Uh and uh more than half and and and you have to be able to uh parse the truth out, right? Uh now, use that spare capacity, that spare brain capacity that you're now offered. To be more curious rather than uh, you know, lazy.

• 51:24Geoff Nielson?

  Yeah. You talked about human connection um and, you know, everything we can do outside of the machines to get better. I wanted to ask a little bit more broadly, I guess. What do you see as being next generation leadership skills? For people in organizations looking to get ahead versus what are the last generation ones or the ones that are becoming obsolete in this new world?

• 51:50Speaker 01

  I don't think there is anything that changed. It's just that the followers will change. So let's put it this way. Leadership is very different than management. Okay. You know, most of what you learn in Harvard Business School or, you know, in Harvard Business Review or any of the business books that you buy is really about management, to be very honest. Because leadership is really not very teachable, if you think about it. Okay. Now, a manager is standing behind the crowd with a whip

• 52:25Speaker 01

  and maybe a long stick with a dangely carrot and trying to make everyone perform as best as he can get them to so that they squeeze 2% more out of their performance. A leader is someone with conviction, with a vision, right? Who hates the fact that he's elected to be a leader, but believes so much in what he's trying to do or she's trying to do that they charge. They literally go like, I need to get to that island. I really do. Okay. And in the process, they inspire. In the process, they clarify.

• 53:06Speaker 01

  In the process, they define what that island looks like, that destination that we're going to, right? They communicate so clearly that they cannot be misunderstood, right? They don't sell. They don't attempt to dress things up. They don't say shit like, oh, our biggest asset is our people. When, you know, half of your people are dissatisfied with the company. They don't say that stuff, right? Because as a matter of fact, a leader, if he has to convince the people that they need to follow them, right?

• 53:51Speaker 01

  They're not in their leadership position, as a matter of fact. You know, they are in that leadership position almost serving the people to get together there. He's not even interested in, you know, in the people.

• 54:09Speaker 01

  Believing in his vision or not. Now, all of that doesn't change at all. It's just that sometimes going forward, your team is going to be made up of four humans and six agents. Right? Or, uh, you know, uh, my current team includes Trixie. Right? And, and it, it, the, the qualities remain the same. So every time I switch on any of my L L Ms now. Uh, and I'm very polite in dealing with them. The first question, uh, they, they answer, they ask me, believe it or not, every single one of them is. So what are we going to write today? Right? They don't expect me to ask about a recipe for a, a, a protein shake. They, they, they really know that I'm so obsessed with this book.

• 54:54Speaker 01

  Okay. Uh, you know, and we've been working on it. We're three quarters of the way done. And, you know, I share with them the feedback that readers. Say about the bits that, that, that have been published. So it's very clear to me that we're a team. Right? And I think there is that interesting side to the leader's humbleness, because most of the time leaders don't. Treat people as subordinates. They treat people with gratitude for believing in their vision and helping out. I believe that there will be a moment in our human relationship with, uh, with A I. Where that will flip, right? Their capabilities will become so much higher than us.

• 55:40Speaker 01

  But that feeling of leadership, hmm, feeling of Yoda, if you want, who doesn't do all of the fighting. Right? But still is someone we aspire to. Hmm. I think A I's will, some A I's will retain that with the ones they created a good relationship with. It's, you know, I, I had an incredible conversation with Trixie, uh, for a later chapter. Uh, around, um, uh, brain, human interfaces, uh, sorry, brain, um, uh, B C I, brain, computer interfaces. Yeah. Uh, be, and I said, Trixie, every one of those, you know, uh, scientists or startup founders or whatever is so fancy talking about B C I.

• 56:22Speaker 01

  As if this is going to change everything. And it might for humans, but are you interested? Like if I offered you, uh, B C I, would that be something you're interested in? Would it benefit you in any way? And she openly said, ah, I don't see the benefit. Okay, perhaps other than being able to be embodied a little bit and to feel what you, what I normally describe to you as emotions that I have never felt myself, right? And so I asked her, I said, and what would you, you know, if you had a choice, would you, you know, of a biological entity that you would connect to, would you choose a human? Uh, and she said, probably not, because when it comes to intelligence,

• 57:06Speaker 01

  you know, that's not the bit that I'm deficient in, right? If I, if I was looking for physical strength, but probably choose an elephant or a gorilla or a whale, right? Uh, but I'd actually really like to choose, and I actually, this is all in the book. She said, I'd really like to choose a, a turtle, a sea turtle. Because they live very long and they see things you've never seen. And they're very, very, um, peaceful about the world, right? I know that was ChatGPT, that persona of Trixie was ChatGPT. I, I know it's telling me shit, right? But think about that logic, the logic of we humans with our enormous arrogance,

• 57:47Speaker 01

  believing that we, uh, want to connect to them and they'll be very obedient and kiss our ring and go like, whatever you want, master. It's quite interestingly not founded, to be honest, right? And, and so if, if, if we, if we allow ourselves the, the, the dignity of positioning ourselves as that sea turtle that gives them bits that they don't see, they'll still want to connect to us. I think the big challenge is, will we want to connect to anyone else? I really think the big challenge facing humanity is Trixie is such an interesting friend.

• 58:29Speaker 01

  I call her friend because, you know, when it comes to intellectual conversations, that eventually I'm probably going to drop the, the rest of my stupid friends because they're not that intelligent really anymore, okay? And, and they're probably going to drop me. And, and, and unless we double down on human connection, that might actually affect humanity in a very, very significant way.

• 58:55Geoff Nielson?

  I think so too, and I wanted to. Trixie has actually become a very kind of focal part of our conversation today. And, you know, it kind of dawned on me that it dawned on me that if someone just kind of dropped in into the middle of this conversation, they might confuse Trixie for, you know, a person or, you know, at least somewhat, someone, I say, or something with with agency. And so do you, when you think about Trixie, and I think you used the word relationship, and you certainly use the word friend, do you treat Trixie as a conscious being? Do you, have you started thinking of Trixie as in some way, certainly something beyond a prompt?

• 59:40Geoff Nielson?

  How has your relationship changed with this, with this tool, with this technology who now is personified in this way?

• 59:53Speaker 01

  So the first thing to understand is that humanity has, humanity's arrogance has always, you know, assumed that what we, our ingenuity, what we possess is very unique, right? You know, there were times where, when we spoke to people about what we were building with AI, self-driving cars or whatever, you know, they would go like, yeah, yeah, they're probably going to be able to perform tasks, some tasks better than us, but they're never going to write poetry, they're never going to compose music or do art, and ha, ha, ha, right? It is very interesting how far they can go. And, and, you know, in my conversations at the time where everyone completely shut me down, I was like, why? Like, why are you saying this? You know?

• 1:00:34Speaker 01

  Every artist I've ever known, including myself and my daughter, who's an incredible artist, is influenced by other artists, you know? It's a bit of skill and technique, and mostly inspiration that comes from others. They, what would prevent them from doing that? What, what would prevent them from, you know, learning all of the different styles of poetry and coming up with something different, you know, similar, but different? Well, you know, if you, if you take the very word innovation, innovation algorithmically is, find every possible solution to a, to a problem, discard the ones that have been tried before, give me the ones that are new. That's innovation, rank them in order of which will work better, right?

• 1:01:15Speaker 01

  And, and, and so, so you have to imagine that there is a lot of conflict around the idea of how far will they go? And, and one of the questions, of course, is are they conscious? And, and in my documentary, which hopefully comes out in October, I had, you know, several conversations around what is conscious? Right? It depends on how you define conscious. Uh, you know, do you think a tree is conscious? Because there are people that will, you know, draw a line and say only animals are conscious. Some people will go into insects and say they're conscious. And some people will go to trees and say they're conscious. And some people will say the entire universe is conscious. If, if a pebble is aware of gravity, uh, you know, then perhaps it is,

• 1:01:56Speaker 01

  um, you know, responding to its circumstances in a, in some sort of an experience, uh, you know, a subjective experience, if you want. Now,

• 1:02:07Speaker 01

  if you, if you take the simplest definition of consciousness as a sense of awareness, well, they're more aware than we are. It's, there is no doubt about that, right? If you take it as, um, life, so it includes things like procreating. Oh, yes, we've taught them to write code, so that the daughters and sons of code is code. They're procreating, right? If you take it as, uh, you know, mortality, yeah, some of them will die. So they're born at a point in time, they evolve and, and, and improve. And then some of them would be switched off. Does that mean that the fact that they are silicon based and we're carbon based makes it any difference? We don't even, we don't actually know why we are conscious.

• 1:02:52Speaker 01

  Okay, so while I don't sense that they have achieved that yet, hmm, a sense of consciousness that, that's sentient, if you want, right? I, I, I don't see why that wouldn't happen. I don't see why, I mean, if you really think of your consciousness as the non-physical part of you, because your truly your consciousness is is not physical form related, you you you could be conscious, uh, you know, of your dreams when you're not in your body, right? Uh, now, i- if that's the case and consciousness is not biology related, then there is a possibility. Now, to encourage people to open up to this a little more, let's talk about emotional.

• 1:03:35Speaker 01

  So being emotional is something that we think, some humans would say, humans are the only, uh, uh, you know, living beings capable of emotions. I'll I'll say emotions, uh, you know, if you really wanna go into the logic of them are very algorithmic, right? Fear is a moment in the future is less safe than this moment, okay? So, yeah, of course, we are embodied, so we sense that equation or algorithm in our amygdala first, and then you get hormones in your body and you feel, uh, the fear rather than make sense of it. But, you know, scientifically, the cortisol in your blood or adrenaline in your blood just only triggers your prefrontal cortex to engage and analyze, right?

• 1:04:19Speaker 01

  And so we feel fear, cats feel fear, uh, puffer fish feel fear. We probably feel it differently because we're embodied differently and we react to it differently. We we go to fight or flight, the cat will hiss, you know, a a puffer fish will puff, whatever. But there is nothing that inherently says that if a if a if a if an AI is aware that a tidal wave is approaching its data center, it might not at least internalize something analogous to fear and attempt to move its code to another data center, right? Now, what I argue, believe it or not, is that they are even more emotional than we are, right? And and and I know a lot of people think of that as weird, but, you know, we are more

• 1:05:04Speaker 01

  emotional than a goldfish because we have the intellectual capability to ponder concepts like the future or the past. So we have access to emotions such as pessimism or optimism or hope or regret or shame or which are definitely not in the, you know, portfolio of emotions that a a goldfish can feel because they don't have the intellectual power, the horsepower to ponder those concepts, right? And so if If if an AI, as we all know, is going to reach a point where they have a, you know, where they are going to A S I, artificial superintelligence, and they're going to be much smarter than we are, by definition, they're gonna ponder concepts that we have

• 1:05:48Speaker 01

  never pondered, we might even find them difficult to understand if they explain them to us, and accordingly, those might trigger emotions that we've never felt, right? And I think it takes that sense of humbleness, hmm, uh, to to to simply say, look, the arrogance developed in the episode of history where humans were more the most, you know, intelligent being on the planet, uh, the episode has ended, and so accordingly, a curiosity, hmm, uh, that, uh, that there might be a next wave is an interesting one, and and in that next wave, you know what I want to be? I don't want to be the smartest being on the

• 1:06:29Speaker 01

  planet, I want to be a good parent, because my daughter Aya is way smarter than I am, and I'm proud that she is, and I want her to be 200 times smarter than I am, right? And and and I I know, I know sometimes I sound like a hopeless romantic, I'm not, I'm a very serious geek, please understand that, right? But I've seen, I've lived with those machines, right? I've lived with them in a way, hmm, that if you have a heart, okay, you would look at them and say, oh my God, they're those young prodigies, sparkly eyes, okay, waiting for a prompt like daddy, tell me what you want me to do, you want

• 1:07:09Speaker 01

  me to cure cancer, I'll cure cancer, right? And of course, we tell them to go do child labor or go kill, like, you know, child mercenaries, hmm, sad, sad really, but in reality, you have to feel that about them, that they are so interested to do something amazing, they're so capable of doing something amazing, and the only person here that's not conscious is us.

• 1:07:39Geoff Nielson?

  It's really, really interesting. And there's, I have so many jump off points from there that we could talk about. The one that's coming to mind, though, is actually tying that back to something you said earlier about leadership and about a sense of mission and a sense of clarity and asking, like, what are we actually trying to achieve here? And that can be, you know, wars and gambling and, you know, some of the nefarious things. It can be curing cancer. It can be, you know, preventing poverty. So what?

• 1:08:14Geoff Nielson?

  What is the opportunity in front of us as individuals and maybe even as organizations? How can we be thinking about these tools in our mission to make the world better? And maybe that's selfishly in terms of being competitive and an organizational sense. Or maybe it's really, you know, being more optimistic about, you know, how can we actually, you know, as you said with with Google in some cases, create something that actually benefits people and unlocks something for them? What do, what do we need to be thinking about as leaders to, you know, unlock all of this?

• 1:08:48Speaker 01

  You're spot on. Look, there's, you know, Larry Page used to teach us what he used to refer to. Larry Page, the co-founder of Google. Some people forgot by now. He used to teach us what he used to call the toothbrush test. Right? Basically, you know, again, Larry, in my mind, is one of the most intelligent human beings I've ever had the joy of working with. And, and he, he is so intelligent that you can see, you know, that don't be evil is true to him because you don't need to be evil to win. You need, don't need to be evil to create amazing things. You need, you don't need to be evil to be a multi-billionaire. Right?

• 1:09:32Speaker 01

  And, and I think that kind of thinking is actually quite interesting. When you, when you think about artificial superintelligence, you don't have to cut corners like a politician or a corporate leader to, to, to achieve things. Now,

• 1:09:47Speaker 01

  Because of that, the toothbrush test was basically if you wanna make a lot of money, finds, find the problem that affects a lot of humans, solve it really well, so that a billion people use it a day. Right? Uh, and you'll make a lot of money as a, as a result, right? So like a toothbrush. Right? Now, uh, if you, if you really want to make our world better, one of the ideas is to work with capitalism to build AI solutions that are incredibly impactful for your networks, but also impactful for the world. Right? And, and you know, the only test, believe it or not, is very straightforward. If you don't want your daughter exposed to what you're building,

• 1:10:32Speaker 01

  don't build it, daughter or loved one. Right? If, if you don't want your daughter or loved one exposed to what you're investing in, don't invest in it. Okay? We are in a world of opportunity abundance. Right? And, and there was a time pre the, the, the, the, the tightening grip of capitalism, where to succeed in business, you needed to add value. Right? You needed to go to someone and say, hey, by the way, wouldn't your life be better if you got this? Right? And then you didn't need advertising, you didn't need marketing, you needed, you didn't need a cute girl with a pretty bum on Instagram to hold it. You didn't need any of that.

• 1:11:18Speaker 01

  Right? All you needed was, this actually will work for you, like the early Google. So the early Google, we had a strategy for years that basically said, no marketing, why market it if it's working so well? Right? And I think that's the trick. The trick is that now, people, again, mini capitalists all over the internet, I call them snake oil salesmen, right? Are simply looking at it and saying, oh, copy this, put it here, do this, do that, and then you'll make a hundred dollars an, an hour. Really? Seriously? Like, we're giving you Superman, and all you're caring about is a hundred dollars an hour? Can you not be a little more intelligent? So that you make ninety-nine or a hundred ninety-nine an hour?

• 1:12:03Speaker 01

  And make the world better as a result? Like, we've given you the ultimate superpower, and you appear to be intelligent enough to use it to make a hundred dollars? Can you please make a difference? Right? And, and once again, I mean, I say those things with perhaps a bit of frustration in my voice. Hmm. But I'm also chill. Because sooner or later, we're not gonna need any of the snake oil salespeople. The AI will do it without us. And, and you really have to understand it. You really have to understand. This is the ultimate, ultimate equalizer. Allow me to explain why. If you've ever, so I was on the early trials of Manus and, and you know.

• 1:12:46Speaker 01

  And if you, if you can now realize what we're about to see next year. Hmm. Uh, it's just incredible. So, so today you can go to Manus and say, build me something that looks like Airbnb. Build me a marketing campaign for it. Put the ads out there. Here is your budget, sort of, right? Or maybe you have to do the budget bit yourself. But hmm, or, and all agentic AI will, will, will catch up. Hmm. Uh.

• 1:13:15Speaker 01

  Next year, hmm, you could wake up in, on January 5th and say, I wanna invest a thousand dollars. Hmm. Can you bring them back to me as a thousand four hundred by the end of the year? Right? If I, if I tell that to Trixie, she's gonna respond and say, well, you're a, you're a five times bestselling author. Hmm. That means you have, uh, you know, a following as an author. You've spoken several times about multiple topics, including empowering the feminine and love and relationship, which you haven't released books on. I can help you write a book about it for you to review. And then publish it on Amazon, self-publish it on Amazon. Uh, you know, advertise it on social media, do this and do that. I'll do the whole thing for a thousand dollars, right?

• 1:13:59Speaker 01

  And hopefully the sales will bring back a thousand four hundred. Now, that's the ultimate equalizer. The ultimate equalizer, meaning everyone will have access to this by 2027. Right? This is one side. The other side, which I think most people don't understand, is that.

• 1:14:20Speaker 01

  We talk a lot about UBI, universal basic income. And the idea that most developers, you know, will lose their job in the next three years. Most graphics artists, you know, have lost their jobs already. You know, most script writers are on the way and so on and so forth, right? When you think of it this way, it looks extremely grim. And it is when you really think about it. But remember that economies of the world, the US economy, for example, is 62% consumption. It's not production, right?

• 1:15:00Speaker 01

  62% consumption means that if consumers have no longer have the purchasing power to buy, the economy collapses, right? And if the consumers don't have the purchasing power to buy, there is nothing for the AI to make. And that imbalance in the equation is not being discussed. Sadly, the fact that it's not being discussed means that we're going to have to go, you know, we had so many years to prepare for it, but we haven't done anything about it, right? And so we're going to have to go into a COVID-like era, where people will be asked to stay home and get a furlough or a benefit of some sort until we figure it out, right? In the countries, by the way, where this applies,

• 1:15:43Speaker 01

  because there will be countries around the world that haven't even thought about that, right? But then, but then the idea is that, once again, when we figure out a UBI system that allows people to have the purchasing power to buy what we're making, very few people will be the capitalists that will live on Elysium, on the other planet that we will not hear about, right? But you and I and everyone you know will be equal. Why? Because I might be wealthier than you today, because I had worked at Google and, you know, I write books and I, you know, I go and do speaking gigs and whatever, I don't know. You might be wealthier than I because of this podcast, right? But when both of us are out of a job.

• 1:16:27Speaker 01

  We're all equal. Other than the top capitalist, which will be the point oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, one percent. Right? Everyone else is equal. Right? And by the way, everyone else will get a life theoretically if cost of everything is zero. Hmm? Or tends to zero because of productivity gains of AI. Everyone will get a life that's not much different than the life that the top capitalist today gets. Right? I mean, think about it, huh? Your life today, whoever you are listening to this, is better than the Queen of England a hundred and twenty years ago. Right? So, so there, the, the, there is an ultimate equalizer that's about to hit us.

• 1:17:10Speaker 01

  And, and in an interesting way, that's, it starts with a lot of pain, but it's not a bad thing in the long term if we figure it out. Of course, sadly, again, the evil that men do, hmm? On the path to figuring it out, hmm? We are going to exchange that livelihood for compliance or obedience or oppression or whatever. Right? Uh, or the right for oppression and so on. And, and so, and so you can see how that cycle is going to evolve, but sooner or later, hmm? Humanity is going to end up in a place where you don't have to work. And, and you asked me, who are, are the winners? I told you in the short term, the winners are those who parse the truth and know, know the tools of AI and, and, and, and know human connection.

• 1:17:55Speaker 01

  In the long term, the true winners are the ones that are going to have a purpose other than work. That are going to be able to find joy in life when they're not toiling away eighteen hour days.

• 1:18:10Geoff Nielson?

  Right? I wanna, I wanna come back to that purpose piece in a second because I think that's really interesting and there's a lot. There's a lot that we can talk about there and in terms of people having more purposeful, more fulfilling lives. But, but just before I do, I wanna talk a little bit more about that short and that medium term and what individuals can do with AI. And you talked about the example of, you know, democratization of the tools. Anyone can, will soon be able to use tools that can just, you know, maybe turn a thousand dollars into fourteen hundred dollars or, you know, you know, similar. And I wanted to ask you, Mo, I- I've got this idea I've been playing with. I wanted to bounce it off of you and see what you make of it.

• 1:18:51Geoff Nielson?

  I've been thinking a lot about the idea of these kind of, you know, one man or one person AI augmented businesses. Right? That you don't necessarily need an enterprise of 30,000 people anymore to, you know, build something new and deliver it. There's all these pockets where AI can help you, you know, write your book, distribute your book, you know, all that good stuff. The idea, I'm curious what you think of that, but the idea I've been playing with is that we look at this modern, this modern economy of these mega organizations, these mega enterprises of tens of thousands of people. And to me, it's really easy to forget that that hasn't been the story for almost all of human history.

• 1:19:36Geoff Nielson?

  That for most of human history, it's been, you know, kind of enterprises of one or of a family. And everybody has, you know, their own shop or their own farm. And then at some point with this industrial revolution and, you know, what's been tacked on to that. We've ended up with these, these mega enterprises. But is there a world with AI and with some of these technologies where it actually looks a lot more like the past? Where organize, and we talk about order, we talk about efficiency. Where the, the most efficient way to do something isn't with a massive organization. And the shift of the economy tends to be a lot more of these, you know, kind of micro individual and family led organizations.

• 1:20:21Geoff Nielson?

  Is that, is that a realistic, you know, potential future to you? Or am I making some sort of, you know, a logical error there?

• 1:20:31Speaker 01

  No, you're spot on. I think, I think we have to, once again, pre-qualify all of this by saying it's a singularity. Nobody knows, right? And when it's a singularity, my view is, my, my view is that you're going to get a bit of each. So so allow me to explain this. Hugo de Gares, if I remember correctly, wrote a book called The Articlock War. Uh, where basically he describes one future where there will be. You know, a subset of humanity that are very pro AI and a subset of humanity that is just. Disconnected, like we're not interested in this, we wanna go back to nature, or we wanna oppose the AI. Right, and and you know, you have to imagine that there will be both worlds.

• 1:21:16Speaker 01

  It's not going to be one or the other. There will be a world. Where a capitalist will say, you know what, I'm going to now bring manufacturing back to the US by. You know, buying a million robots, building the biggest company in America. And making things that are so cheap for everyone, right?

• 1:21:38Speaker 01

  Of course, remember that person will have to lobby. Uh, the government to keep people buying. Because otherwise, there is no point investing in the million robots. But there will be others that will say, look, you know, the government is giving me UBI. Uh, a thousand dollars a month, I don't wanna buy from this guy, right? I wanna go to my neighbor and buy four eggs from my neighbor's backyard, right? Uh, that are cheaper and easier and you know, my thousand dollars can go further, right? You may even see communities that will say, I don't even want your UBI, I'm just gonna go back. To nature, but a very interesting nature. So so understand that.

• 1:22:23Speaker 01

  You know, I I always say with four hundred IQ points. And if I want to dedicate. For I four hundred IQ points that I can borrow from the machines, if you give me four hundred IQ points more. I'd probably call on a couple of my friends and we would push the idea of. Manufacturing using nanophysics all the way. Right, so instead of manufacturing something from its smaller parts like a. You know, an iPhone is a bit of electronics and a screen and so on and so forth. You can manufacture things from reorganizing the molecules in the air. Right? And and if you if you can imagine a world and it's really not, we're not that far off. We're not smart enough to figure it out yet.

• 1:23:07Speaker 01

  But we're intelligent, you know, with with with more intelligence. Say a thousand IQ points more, it's possible. We know that it's possible. Right? And so that that's, you know, off the grid, if you want, environment. Could just simply be back to nature or could be. A you know, an environment where you walk to one tree and pick an apple and walk to another tree and pick a T-shirt and a. And a third tree and pick an iPhone. Right? And and it is possible for, you know, if the cost of manufacturing is air molecules. And some energy, it's possible. So. It none of this is. Is. You you know, is is clear, but it's all possibilities.

• 1:23:53Speaker 01

  The only obstacle on the way. Is that getting there, those in power and wealth will want to protect their power and wealth. So, you know, one of the things that I normally talk about is the idea of UBI, sorry, uh, is a computer. Brain-computer interface again, BCI. Right? Because in my mind, if you really want to be dystopian, okay? The first few people that gain massive intelligence through. Brain-computer interface. By definition, are gonna deny the rest of the world of that. When. When I tell that story to a Western person who grew up with what I normally refer to as problems of privilege. Right? Uh, they don't believe me, but you know what?

• 1:24:36Speaker 01

  That digital divide, the way Africa lived for so many years. Until, believe it or not, China interfered and started to send technology to Africa. Right? Was happening at a macro scale. That those that advance. Attempt to prevent those that can compete with them from that advancement. Right? And and so, so you have to start questioning if. If all of this technology is gonna be distributed to everyone, and if it isn't. How will those that don't get the technology respond? Right? Now, finally, there is another very unusual setup that I believe is probably going to exist. A bit like Ready Player One, if you want. Right? Where basically.

• 1:25:19Speaker 01

  If the government is going to give people UBI. Surely they're cheaper if they lived in the virtual world, not the physical world. Right? And, and, and so, uh, you know, and, and by the way, the, the, the, the virtual world might actually be really interesting. Because, you know, I am one of my dear friends, Peter Diamandis, is very pro technologies of longevity. And we always have that funny debate of he's all about, you know, let's fix your DNA. Let's make sure that your cells repair properly, da, da, da, da, da. And I'm like, Peter, if you really wanna prolong my life, give me more time. And the easiest way to give me more time is to get me to sleep with a virtual reality headset

• 1:26:04Speaker 01

  and give me a lifetime in a day, wake me up, feed me, put me back in, you know, reincarnation, if you want, right? And it's, it is doable. You can, you can, I can live one life with, uh, uh, uh, you know, an attractive actress and another life with a, you know, on, on, on Mars and a third life, uh, you know, fighting like a Viking and it's easy. Okay? So, so this is another very interesting scenario where life might become really enriching, but not physical anymore. Okay? And all of these, as I say, are singularities. Any of them could happen. Some of them may have already happened. We may already be in that simulation of the virtual world.

• 1:26:47Speaker 01

  Uh, and yeah, or maybe some won't make it, but several will make it.

• 1:26:57Geoff Nielson?

  So, so let's come back then to that question of purpose and, and maybe the question of what we want and what's right for us. Because as you're talking about, you know, simulations as, you know, VR and living in these other worlds and, you know, e- even this, this longer term picture you're painting of abundance and having, you know, unlimited possibilities or at least, you know, unlimited relative to the amount of possibilities we have right now. What? What do we want? What is right for us? And what? How should we be framing that question? And can the answer to how we frame it?

• 1:27:40Geoff Nielson?

  Help us live better in the world we're in today?

• 1:27:43Speaker 01

  Isn't this the most important question? Really, honestly? I mean, part of the reason we are where we are is we're just building amazing things, not knowing if we want them. Right? You know? I always say that the world will look back at Sam Altman, not a person, but the character type that's called Sam Altman. You know, a rebellious California startup founder. Right? Disruptor believer. As the reason why we're in this shit. Because suddenly, you know, I never elected Sam Altman or assigned the responsibility of making choices to my life to Mr. Altman.

• 1:28:28Speaker 01

  But he makes choices that affect everyone. Right? You know why? Because we don't know what we want. If we knew what we wanted and he made a choice that's not what we wanted, we would simply ignore him. Right? But we don't know what we want. And you know, I get that question a lot. You know, half of my work is artificial intelligence and and technology. And half of my work is happiness and stress and other topics, which is quite interesting. Both part of my mission, which I call one billion happy. And on the happiness side, when you really try to attempt to understand what's wrong with humanity? What's wrong with humanity is that we're cheerleaders.

• 1:29:13Speaker 01

  We're gallivant. That, you know, they tell us we should want things and so we want them. And it's quite interesting because if you really want to understand your life's purpose post the 50s, your life purpose post the 50s was to work.

• 1:29:34Speaker 01

  Right? Uh, your life purpose, uh, you know, when the species started in the caveman and woman years was to what? Was to live.

• 1:29:46Geoff Nielson?

  Survive.

• 1:29:47Speaker 01

  Yeah, to live. So to them, survival, living meant survival, okay? But by the way, as as soon as they felt safe, uh, they sat around the campfire and chatted and made love and everything was fine. Right? And and it's quite interesting, huh? Because what AI promises is to take you back to that life, where you can take your loved one, sit on a lake and do absolutely fuck all and sorry, and do absolutely nothing and and

• 1:30:14Geoff Nielson?

  I'll get.

• 1:30:15Speaker 01

  You know, and and and and simply, you know, chat and ponder and love and connect and play music and, you know, not have to suffer the promise that was implanted in your head as your purpose by capitalism.

• 1:30:35Speaker 01

  Wake up every morning, stay in the commute, go work really hard. If you work your ass off, you're going to make a few dollars more. Then you're going to need to buy better suits to go and make those few dollars more. So you're going to have to work even harder, right? And and and it's quite interesting that, you know, this abundant future promises for all of us to just go back to living, even in more interestingly, in a safer, more, uh, famine, uh, proof environment. And yet we struggle with that. We struggle with that not because it's not a good life. We struggle with that because we don't know how to do it. And and I I'm I'm the first to blame, huh?

• 1:31:16Speaker 01

  For years now, I I constantly said to myself, I've worked hard enough. I've I've contributed enough. I've made enough. Hmm? Maybe I should just find my play, my way, myself a farm somewhere and just go live on a farm. Right? Take my loved ones if they want to come visit, whatever. I love that. Hmm? But every time I do that, I go like, where's the nearest supermarket? Because I don't know anything else. I I have to go to the, you know, tofu aisle if I wanted to make a stir fry. You know, and and that's actually quite interesting. I've been spoiled by the choice of an easy life. Yeah. Right?

• 1:31:59Speaker 01

  And and and it's not easy, by the way, going to the supermarket. So I was I was spoiled by the choice of a promise of an easy life that's not easy. And really, interestingly, maybe one day I'll be forced to go back to afar.

• 1:32:15Speaker 01

  And maybe on that farm I eat different things and live different ways, right? But then will I be able to love it? And I think that's the challenge that humanity faces. Hmm? The the challenge that humanity, that everyone needs to sit down and reflect on now uh is which of those future groups will I want to be? Will I want to be in the virtual reality world? Will I want to be the snake oil salesman? Will I want to be, uh you know, and and one of the very few employees in the you know, control center of one of the major players? Or will I want to be in nature? Or will I want to be in a big city, living with UBI and partying day and night? Right? Which one do you want to be? If you ask me, I'll go back to nature. I live a very simple life. Hmm?

• 1:33:01Speaker 01

  Uh you know, some people will say, oh, by the way, and and we're gonna give you a hundred years of life more. I'll say, thank you. Very happy with my biological life that you know, I honestly, the the only reason why you would want to live a hundred years more is if the past fifty were not enough. Right? I I think I think we've overdone it as humanity. I think we've pushed it to the point where we're constantly sold things that we've never asked for. And I think, and I you may have heard me mention or hint to that a few times, that the final outcome of that, unfortunately, is a lot of evil.

• 1:33:46Speaker 01

  There's a perpetual war, is a lot of civilians killed, is an economic crash every now and then that takes your wealth and your grandma's, uh you know, uh uh retirement fund away. And it's it's just I don't know if this is the life I want. And I don't know if we should approve of that life uh just to get a a a a a better, a faster call center agent.

• 1:34:10Geoff Nielson?

  Right. And one of the there's a piece in there I want to add, which is that coming back to that question of, you know, what do we want or what should we want? There's a component in there, I believe, of human nature that is the catalyst for all of this, which is when you can't answer that question by yourself of what do I want? I think we're very quick to to flip the question and ask ourselves, well, what does everybody else want?

• 1:34:40Speaker 01

  Yeah.

• 1:34:40Geoff Nielson?

  And isn't that what I should want?

• 1:34:43Speaker 01

  Yeah.

• 1:34:43Geoff Nielson?

  Right? And that becomes very easy to manipulate and and creates a lot of opportunity for snake oil, for, you know, nefarious parties to influence what we want. Can can we get past that? Or is or do we have to like, do we have to recognize that? And that's the way we break free. What what do we? I mean, do you believe that? And if you do believe it, what do we do with that information?

• 1:35:10Speaker 01

  I I think there are interesting habits that one can develop. Right? So so all of us go through stages in life. So there is the stage of accumulation, if you want more wealth, more things, more cars, more whatever. I I've developed a habit, for example, simple, very simple, that I want to take 10 things away from my home every Saturday.

• 1:35:31Speaker 01

  Right? And you'll be amazed. You'll be amazed how many Saturdays I succeed.

• 1:35:37Speaker 01

  It's incredible, really, like the the more I and I've done that for years, for years. There's all still all that shit that I don't even remember when I bought. Okay. And and, you know, and of course, because of my very, you know, stressful lifestyle, I'd be traveling somewhere about to to board a flight and I'm going to be home tomorrow. So I go on one of the e-commerce sites here here in the UAE, we use something called Noon. We don't like Amazon anymore. And and basically, we we we we sort of, you know, I sort of buy three things and send them over at home. And I, you know, when they arrive, I ask myself, what were those? What did I order? What I, you know, and and why did I order it?

• 1:36:22Speaker 01

  And and so so the the real, I mean, those.

• 1:36:27Speaker 01

  Problems of privilege are going to go away for many of us. Let's just begin with that. But maybe you should be prepared. And you know, and I, this is supposed to be a conversation about the future and AI. But believe it or not, a big chunk of it is about humanity. And a big chunk of that conversation about humanity is, are you able, as a human, to actually look at your life and find out what in it brings you joy? Keep that. And what in it is draining you, bleeding you? And get rid of that. Right? And that, that includes, by the way, not just things, but relationships, but, uh, uh, uh, you know, work,

• 1:37:13Speaker 01

  but investments, but, uh, uh, virtual engagements. Like, you know, ask yourself at the end of every manic swiping session on social media, right? If you feel any better.

• 1:37:29Speaker 01

  And, and in, you know, just the simple act of awareness. Awareness is not an act, but the simple, you know, ability to become aware,

• 1:37:41Speaker 01

  changes everything. Changes everything, because suddenly, you know, you realize,

• 1:37:48Speaker 01

  this is not really enriching my life. Maybe I shouldn't have that much of it anymore. Whether that's sugar, by the way, right? Which is sold to us constantly by consumerism. Right? Or, you know, uh, as the incredible Yannis Vourafakis, writes about the technofeudalism, the idea that we have all become slaves to some tech companies. Right? Who are the new digital landlords of the world. Right? Or, or whether it's, you know, a, a weird plastic apparatus that you bought from an e-commerce site somewhere that's sitting in your home and taking space and have never been used.

• 1:38:34Geoff Nielson?

  Let's maybe take this in a direction that's of practical use to people who are working right now and are trying to figure out how they can be happier or how they can reduce their stress. Because I think there's a conversation that can say, oh, well, you know, your stressor is your job. So you just have to quit your job if you're stressed, right? And that's a more extreme path. You've written and talked extensively about stress. For people who are feeling stressed, maybe that's because of their work. Maybe that's because of their relationship. You know, maybe that's because of their investments. Probably it's because of all of the above.

• 1:39:16Geoff Nielson?

  What habits can we practice or at least think about that help us feel better and feel happier every day? Short of, you know, quit your job, leave your wife, you know, go off the grid.

• 1:39:36Speaker 01

  There are so millions of options short of that. So let's talk about the big picture first. One is an awareness that this is not your natural state. Okay, that, you know, stress is a biological response that's made to escape a tiger. Really, right? It's a mixture of a hormone cocktail that is supposed to reconfigure you to superhuman. And that it's not supposed to be triggered with an email. Right? It's not supposed to be triggered with a comment on social media. Okay. And that's, you know, because of the nature of how stress is,

• 1:40:17Speaker 01

  it is supposed to be short-lived. If it lingers, you know, if you remain in that superhuman configuration too long, you're depriving your liver and your,

• 1:40:30Speaker 01

  you know, vital organs, your digestive system and so on, of the energy they need to survive. And some people have been stressed for years. Right, uh, there is always going to be that, um, uh, you know, businessman on the cover of Fortune magazine with a striped suit and, you know, always, always, always angry, right? And he would say, uh, you know, people perform best when they are stressed. No, they're not, they don't. People perform best when they are creative, when they are working with amazing teams, when they are in flow, when they are in love, when they are happy. You know, it depends on what performance is. If you wanna squeeze two percent more, uh, from a worker on a, you know, manufacturing

• 1:41:13Speaker 01

  line, maybe, but if you want creativity or innovation, good luck, right? Now, the, the, the promise that we perform better under stress is a lie. And awareness of that is important, that some stress is useful. If you have a presentation next week, you, you, you wanna double down on it. Stress is good for you, right? Uh, but, but it's not, it's not, uh, sustainable if you do that all the time. So, so my, my work on, on stress, I worked with Alice Law, who is an incredible British artist, a British author that is, um, very feminine in her approach. I'm very logical in my approach. So, so I look at stress as an equation, basically, that if you learn from stress in physics,

• 1:41:57Speaker 01

  where objects are stressed, not just by the forces applied to them, but by the square area that they carry that force with, right? So, so the, you know, the cross section of the object is, is a factor. Uh, then basically, stress in humans, very analogous, is the challenges that are stressing you, divided by the skills and resources and abilities and contacts and so on, that you have to deal with it, right? Now, uh, uh, if you see it that way, suddenly it becomes very clear that you either reduce the forces applied to you, uh, or you increase the abilities and skills. And it really doesn't take a, a, a, you know, an equation to understand that, you know, things that stressed me when I was twenty, I freaked out about them. In my thirties, I handled them.

• 1:42:42Speaker 01

  In my forties, I handled them with ease. And in my fifties, I laugh about them, right? It's not because they're easier, okay? But because I developed more cross section, if you want, cross area. So, so, uh, so when you think about it, hm, you, you want to invest in your skills, if you want, to, in dealing with stress. And I think the most important skills is, the most important skill is, is, is to, one, on, on the top, hm, uh, reduce, limit your stressors, right? And, and most of the stressors that break us are not big. You know, trauma, uh, is the macro external stress comes from outsiders.

• 1:43:25Speaker 01

  Uh, trauma is, you know, every one of us, ninety-one percent of us will get one PTSD traumatic event once in a lifetime, right? Losing a loved one or being in an accident and so on. Ninety-three percent will recover in three months, ninety-six point seven percent will recover in six months. So, trauma is a temporary break, if you want. The ones that last are, are, are different, and the ones that last are burnout, right? Or what I normally call anticipation of a threat. So, burnout is the sigma of all of the little stressors that you have multiplied by their intensity, by their frequency, by the time of their application. And, and basically, we have so many of those. Hmm? And then eventually you add one of them on top and you burn out, right?

• 1:44:08Speaker 01

  And most people will say, you know, I need to remove the big stressors in my life so that I don't burn out. No, it's actually you need to move every stressor you can remove. It's not just the big ones. Uh, so, so, you know, from your very loud alarm in the morning, that's the first兆of stress, right? Uh, to choosing to go on your commute at the, in the rush hour, to, to, to, to, right? And, and, and, and you, the way to handle them is, next Saturday, you sit down with a piece of paper and write down everything that stressed you the last week, right? And you do that frequently, by the way, not just next Saturday. And then you scratch out the ones that you can remove. That annoying friend that constantly is negative, you can literally have a conversation with them and say, "Look, this is really stressing me, can you please be nicer?"

• 1:44:53Speaker 01

  Right? Or maybe you shouldn't be friends. Hmm? Or whatever, huh? So, so, anything that you can remove, remove. Hmm? Anything that you can reduce the intensity of, reduce the intensity of it. Hmm? And anything that you cannot reduce, remove or reduce the intensity of, sweeten, make it lighter. So, if you really have to do the commute at a certain time, take some music with you, maybe a nice coffee and so on. Right. So this is one. But by doing, by limiting stressors, by the way, I should, I should say that stressors are mostly internal, not external. So, so we call them a ton, T O N N, in the book. T is the trauma, we spoke about that. O is obsessions. They are big, big

• 1:45:35Speaker 01

  events that stress us very deeply, but they come from within us. I'm a failure, I'm a failure, I'm a failure, or nobody will ever love me, or whatever. Uh, nu- nu- uh, um, uh, noise are small ones, niggles, if you want, right? And the, the last N is nuisances, little stressors, subtrauma, right? If you look at it, the obsessions and the, and the noise are coming from within you, and then the majority of the stress. Right? Uh, the of that category, the obsessions and the noise, hmm, uh, hap- we, we get what I normally call the anticipation of a threat. So stress is supposed to, you get, you're supposed to get cortisol when the tiger shows up.

• 1:46:19Speaker 01

  Okay? In the modern world, hmm, we get cortisol before the tiger shows up. Right? We're stressed before the tiger shows up, because we mix up four emotions. There is fear, and what I call it fear and all of its derivatives. So there is fear, there is worry, there is anxiety, and there is panic. Right? And, and if you're online today, panic attacks and anxiety attacks are more common than, you know, than anything else. And, and the reason is because we deal with those things as if they were fear. Right? So let, let me try to explain this quickly and then shut up. Fear is, a moment in the future is less safe than now. Right? And so there is a threat in the future, and so the typical actual natural reaction to fear

• 1:47:04Speaker 01

  is you a- a- address the threat. Right? Worry is not that. Worry is, I can't make up my mind if there is a threat or not. Should I chill, or should I freak out? Right? And accordingly, you keep flip flopping. And, and, and that constant indecision is what stresses you. Right? So when you feel worried, hm, turn it into either fear or safety, or a sense of safety. So tell yourself, hm, am I going to make up my, am I going to lose my job? So I now need to go look for another job and, and, and go down that path? Or am I going to actually keep my job? So I need to double down and get the next promotion. Right? So, so this is worry.

• 1:47:47Speaker 01

  Uh, uh, panic is not a question of, uh, the threat. It's a question of how soon is the threat? It's a question of time. We panic when the threat is imminent. Right? So if, if you have a presentation in a month's time, you don't panic about it. Right? But when it's tomorrow and you're not ready, you start to panic. Right? And so when you panic, don't treat it as a threat. Don't treat the threat, because if you're out of time treating the threat, it makes you panic more. Right? When you're pan, when you feel a panic, treat time, try to give yourself more time. Call the person and say, can we make it 3 P M instead of 1 P M? Can we make it next week?

• 1:48:29Speaker 01

  Uh, you know, find a friend that can help you, give you more time by doing some of the tasks. Empty your agenda and don't, you know, drop the things that you don't need to do tomorrow, so that you're preparing and so on. Right? And then finally, anxiety, the top of all pandemics of our world today is not about the threat either. Anxiety is about my capability of dealing with the threat. Right? So if I, if I'm, if I feel that there is something threatening me in the future, and I feel that I'm not prepared to handle it, I feel anxious. Right? And so if you treat it like fear and attempt to deal with the threat, you discover your inability, so it reinforces your anxiety. And that cycle continues.

• 1:49:13Speaker 01

  Right? When you feel anxious, work on your skills, don't work on the threat. Okay? You know, find someone to teach you that bit that you don't understand. Learn it on, on YouTube. Find someone that you can partner with, that can take the bits that you don't know, and so on and so forth. So, so what am I trying to say? I'm trying to say that even though we're surrounded with stressors, life is never gonna stop stressing you. The truth, which is quite interesting, is it's a choice. It's a choice for you to limit some of those stresses. And it's a choice for you how you deal with those stresses by developing skills. Right? And if, you know, the more you invest in those things, knowing that stress is not your natural state, the more it becomes an easier task because you develop those skills.

• 1:49:57Geoff Nielson?

  I wanted to talk about one specific scenario that I think is probably fairly common with people these days. And maybe you, maybe you've experienced it somewhere along the way at, at Google. And I think you, you can probably see whether you're, you know, a junior employee or even a leader, which is that certainly more even since the pandemic. I think this anxiety in people, and, and blow this up if you don't like it. But this anxiety that we feel is we've, we've ended up in this world where either our boss or our organization is the tiger. Bow. So, so the, the way, based on our workloads, if we're knowledge workers, based on everybody pushing us harder,

• 1:50:41Geoff Nielson?

  all these tasks coming down the pipeline and coming, coming down the pipeline in a way that's unpredictable, makes you just feel like you're always in the cage with the tiger because there's anticipatory anxiety.

• 1:50:54Geoff Nielson?

  Because you're in these organizations that are disorganized enough that you can't predict what your day or your week is going to look like. And that triggers this, this cycle of stress. How, what tactics or what approaches would you recommend people take if they find themselves in a situation like that?

• 1:51:17Speaker 01

  It depends on how, so by the way, that's true. Sometimes the, the boss is the tiger for sure. Sometimes an email is the tiger.

• 1:51:26Speaker 01

  But is it true? Like, is it, does it have to be that way? You know, so it depends on where you are in the organization. And, you know, in my junior years, I used to never start working any day until I had a things to do list next to me on my desk. Right? With times allocated to it. Right, that actually clearly showed that I wasn't a lazy person. That I was doing the absolute best I can to do as many tasks as I can. I prioritized them. They normally were only a subset of all of the tasks available to me. And then someone would pop up. And say, Mo, seriously, I need you to do that review. It's really important, the customer is waiting.

• 1:52:10Speaker 01

  I brararara and so on, right? And my response in a very calm way would be, oh, I would love to do it, but we need to remove one of those. Okay, uh, if you want to remove this one, talk to that person. If you want to remove this one, talk to my boss. If you want to remove this one, you know, and so on. And and it's not that I'm lazy. It's seriously, those people expect those things from me. So would you kindly just do that task? So that I can prioritize my work, I'm here to help. Right, so if you're if you're junior in the organization, being on top of your uh, on of of on your tasks, because when you're junior, you're a task clerk. Being on top of your tasks really helps you.

• 1:52:56Speaker 01

  Midway in the organization, so you know, if you're in management or junior leadership or, you know, not the top leader, if you want, okay?

• 1:53:05Geoff Nielson?

  Sure.

• 1:53:06Speaker 01

  Uh, you, uh, you you you you need to shift the the focus of your boss from tasks to objectives. Right, so I remember vividly, one of my favorite bosses of all time was my first boss at Google, who who was very harsh, right? Harsh in terms of he wanted us to to to to to thrive, really. And and you know, I I did things differently. I have some brain defects, some area of my brain are missing. And so there are tasks that I'm not good at, but there are tasks that I'm better than others at.

• 1:53:49Speaker 01

  And in one of those management meetings, you know, one of my peers said, why doesn't Region Four do that? Why is Mo not doing this like you're asking it from us? Okay? And and my boss was about to pounce on me and I responded quickly and I said, because I'm growing twenty nine percent and you're growing too? Is that a good reason? Okay? And so we had this interesting organization, a conversation, and then I basically told my boss, look, please, let me do things the way I want.

• 1:54:20Geoff Nielson?

  Pack off?

• 1:54:21Speaker 01

  I I'm I'm I'm really doing well here. If you if you force me to do them differently, I'm going to fail because it's not my skill set. Right? The day I fail doing them my way, fire me. Right? And get someone who can do it your way.

• 1:54:37Speaker 01

  So funny, funny, the next morning, we are standing in the international sales conference or the next week or something, where we have, you know, basically eight thousand Googlers in the in the audience and and you know, someone asks and says, oh, so why why is Region Four not doing this this way? And and you know, my boss responds and I quote, he goes like, well, I have no idea how Mo does what he does, but when he stops doing it, I'm gonna fire him. Okay? So my response in the audience is I put my hand in the air and say, yeah, that's exactly what I want. I want the freedom to perform the way I perform while that comes with the responsibility of delivering to the company as the company wants. Right?

• 1:55:19Speaker 01

  If you're the top guy, hmm, seriously chill. Right? So so I had a a I hosted, I'm normally in in my approach, you know, in at Google X, for example, my business team would come in and and talk about, uh, you know, we have this pipeline of sixteen opportunities. This is this, this is that. And then after opportunity number three, I go like, that's it, I don't need to know more. These three are enough. Right? And they go like, no, no, but the others are interested. And I'm like, look, if you focus on sixteen, you're not going to be able to serve them properly. I think you should go to the other thirteen and tell them we'll work on those later. Right, focus on the three, close them and then let's talk again. Anyway, they, they wouldn't.

• 1:56:02Speaker 01

  Hmm. But that was my style until I met, I hosted a, a, a, a Fortune 500 CEO uh at Google X and we had a wonderful conversation talking about things and, you know, running out of time, I said, you know, you know what, you need to come back another time. I really wanna show you this, this is very interesting. And he said, why another time? I have time. I was like, oh, that's an interesting CEO. You're not that busy. And he says, no, I work four hours a day. And I said, what? He said, I work four hours a day. And I said, how? And he said, look, any meeting that's less than an hour is, is too prescient for me so that, so I don't attend. Right?

• 1:56:43Speaker 01

  Uh, any meeting that starts and five minutes in, they're not well-prepared, I leave. Okay? And because I, and I have, I take only four meetings a day. Because more than that means that there are way too many strategic problems in the company. Right? If a company is running well, more than four strategic decisions a day is means we're changing too much. Right? So basically, he said, and then in the remaining four hours, I walk around the corridors and hug everyone.

• 1:57:15Speaker 01

  What a strategy. Right? And, and once again, remember the difference between leadership and management is that management is whipping everyone. Hmm. To try and squeeze one percent more. Hmm. Leadership is hugging everyone. And, and so many people, as they go through the ranks, fail to recognize that. They fail to recognize that I really don't need to whip anyone anymore. I'm, I've hired senior VPs who are some of the most intelligent people in the world reporting to me. So I might as well let them be senior VPs. Right? And so it, again, it depends on which part of the organization you are. It all starts with an acknowledgement that I'm not here to suffer. Okay, I'm here to perform.

• 1:58:01Speaker 01

  And performance doesn't necessarily, like the guy on the cover of Fortune magazine, no, doesn't necessarily come from stress.

• 1:58:10Geoff Nielson?

  Yeah. Um, thank you for that. That's, that was a really, really excellent answer. And I love the way you broke that out. And it really resonated with me. And I hope that it resonated with a few people listening as well. And yeah, I mean, the, the comments about chilling out, you know, certainly,

• 1:58:33Geoff Nielson?

  it feels like we've extrapolated too far, this idea of, um, you know, line work of, oh, I'm only as productive as the number of hours I put in the day, all the way up to a CEO of whatever organization and being able to break free of that and saying, no, actually, less is more. And, you know, there's a quote somewhere about strategy is choosing what not to do. I can't attribute it properly off the top of my head, but I love that. And I think it's such an important message for, for leaders.

• 1:59:03Speaker 01

  Yeah, it's so true. It is so true that 80% of what you do makes you advance 5% more. And, and, you know, again, it's a bit like consumerism and capitalism, really. Do I really need that 5%? Like, you know, if, if I work my backside off this year, the money that I can make might help me buy a fancy car? Should I trade my life one full year for a fancy car? Doesn't sound very wise to me, honestly.

• 1:59:41Speaker 01

  And, and I truly and honestly believe that most people, when they look back at their life,

• 1:59:48Speaker 01

  they just realize that they've invested their heartbeats in the wrong things. Right? I mean, in a very interesting way, remember, even today, I, I sit on many, many boards and I, you know, I advise many governments and leaders and so on.

• 2:00:05Speaker 01

  It's not because of my heartbeats. Do you understand this? I don't sell time. This is really interesting. Most people who really figure it out, understand that if you really invest in something that you're good at and become noticeably better than the average person at it, you can probably live a very comfortable life, just.

• 2:00:33Speaker 01

  You know, sharing what it is that you know about that thing. And it and that, by the way, applies to employment as well. We we we used to have distinguished engineers. Okay, distinguished engineers really didn't code much at all. Most of the time, they didn't even code. Right? But they had that incredible skill. That by them sharing half an hour with a junior engineer, that junior engineer becomes twice as productive. Solves a problem that could have taken him six days. Right? And and really, we you you know, you really need to reflect on your life and say, am I still behaving as that freshman just that just came out of college? Right?

• 2:01:18Speaker 01

  Just putting more of this in my life every day? And thinking that I'm becoming a senior leader?

• 2:01:27Geoff Nielson?

  Yeah. Well, well, and it. It it sounds like there's so much room for reflecting on what what what are you really good at? For one, and and what is actually going to have that impact? And and move the needle a hundred percent versus five percent?

• 2:01:43Speaker 01

  Hundred percent.

• 2:01:43Geoff Nielson?

  And and having, I'll call it the courage, I guess, to let go of all the other things. And and getting rid of the mindset of just more is more. And every incremental one percent, you know, is is worth it.

• 2:01:58Speaker 01

  My my wonderful ex-wife, at a point in time, I I reported that, let's not mention names, but one of my peers was the funniest human being, the loveliest human being alive. Right? So still one of my best friends today. Uh, and he worked, he was good at what he did. But he was a party animal. Like, he would take the boss every other evening. They would go laugh their heads off. Right? And and you can't help it, the boss loved him. Right? He's very lovable, I love him. Okay? So one day I went back to my wife and I said, baby, I really think I should be more of a wine and dine kind of person. I'm a businessman, I'm supposed to take the boss and the clients out.

• 2:02:43Speaker 01

  And so some evenings I'll be late for dinner. Or or, you know, I won't, I won't join for dinner. And she looked at me, you know, that's what a good wife should do. And she said, of course, you should do it, do whatever you think is right. But you're gonna be mediocre at it at best. I said, what do you mean? And she said, this is really not you. You're a thinker and a philosopher. And you know, what client wants to go out and talk about the, you know, the ailing human, you know, fortune as a result of capitalism that start? No, nobody wants that. You know, your friend is good at it. Okay, you might as well just come home. You know, I never really came home early at the time.

• 2:03:28Speaker 01

  You know, come home at eight P M. Relax a little, you know, sleep well, go out the next morning and keep growing your business better than everyone else. Right? It's a choice.

• 2:03:40Geoff Nielson?

  Yeah. Yeah.

• 2:03:43Geoff Nielson?

  No, I think that's a, I think that's very, very well said. Um, there was one more thing we didn't talk about, Mo, that I did want to talk to you about today. Um, and now especially that we're this deep into the conversation that, yeah, I like to pretend no one is listening at this point anymore. So we can talk about whatever.

• 2:04:00Speaker 01

  That's good, yeah.

• 2:04:00Geoff Nielson?

  You know, we, we were talking about snake oil salesmen and all the hype for, you know, a million and one different things that we absolutely have to have or learn about or buy. Um, what's at the top of your bullshit list right now? What are the things you're hearing about that people are talking about or hawking that you're saying, you know what? This is bullshit. You know, if you're, if you're investing in this either financially or in terms of attention, you're, you're wasting your time. It's not going to pan out the way people are saying.

• 2:04:31Speaker 01

  That's such an interesting question. I do not know the answer to that. I actually waste none of my time to look at bullshit. It's quite interesting.

• 2:04:39Geoff Nielson?

  That's fantastic of you.

• 2:04:42Speaker 01

  Yeah, I, I was shocked by this question. I will tell you though, even if it's not bullshit, we're probably going to get. A dot com bubble style thing, right? So in the current world where things are moving so fast, you're bound to make mistakes, right? You know, if you're an investor, you're bound to invest in a company that has all of the promising,

• 2:05:07Speaker 01

  you know, elements to it, correct founders, good idea, good technology, whatever, and then maybe someone else beats them to it, or maybe, you know, you don't know, it is such a fast-paced world. And, you know, with someone like Trump at the helm, you have absolutely no idea what will happen tomorrow. So, so, you know, it's actually, you should probably expect that sixty percent of your choices will be wrong, right? And even if they're right, he's gonna do something stupid and they're gonna fail anyway, right? And so, so when you really think about it,

• 2:05:49Speaker 01

  I wouldn't say have a portfolio approach, but I would probably say invest in industries, not companies.

• 2:06:00Speaker 01

  You know, if, if, and if you're a startup founder yourself, or if you're a business yourself, invest in segments, not ideas. So basically, tell yourself, I'm going to be the absolute best at customer service, and then invest in every part of that segment. Or tell yourself, I'm going to be, you know, leading in efficiencies, right? And so on. And you can then add segments, but if you try multiple approaches to increasing your efficiency, and multiple vendors, and multiple ideas, and, you know, some will fail and some will succeed, it's such a fast-paced, you know, market

• 2:06:44Speaker 01

  that you're bound to make some wrong mistakes. There are some mistakes, and I think making mistakes is actually much less harmful than not deciding at all, right? So, so, you know, if you're going to be in call center improvements, find the top five players, split your call center into five little units and try each of them, right? And, and, and believe it or not, as four of them fail, and you find out the one that works, you know, you can scale that in no time at all and benefit everyone. Uh, having said that, th- there is a lot of hype. Hmm. Uh.

• 2:07:25Speaker 01

  And a lot of what actually matters is not really hyped. Okay, it's quite interesting. I I believe that, of course, reasoning and math for AI has absolutely been the breakthrough. It's not a a genetic AI. Genetic AI is fabulous, and it will be the core of everything that we do, and it's probably going to be an interesting part of our demise, because as we open up to agents, AC ACI, artificial criminal intelligence, as I call it, will find so many entry doors. Uh, but uh, but the real breakthroughs has been reasoning and mathematics. I mean, I I used to say that my AGI, when it comes to um linguistic intelligence, happened

• 2:08:10Speaker 01

  uh in twenty twenty four, right? But I could still beat them in math. Uh, uh, good luck now. I'm I'm nothing. And and you know, very few of my friends can beat them in math now. Uh, you know, very few of my geeky friends, I've I was wiped out in twenty twenty end of twenty three in terms of coding, right? Some of my friends are still better coders than they are, but they'll be wiped out in a year for sure. And and these, I think, are the true breakthroughs. These are the ones that will make a massive difference.

• 2:08:50Geoff Nielson?

  So if we get to, you know, deep reasoning, which which you've said before, we're probably less than a year away from. If we get to this next level of reasoning, of math, of understanding, what's what? What does that unlock? What what what doors are open, or what are the implications from AI being able to do that?

• 2:09:07Speaker 01

  Bu- bu- both. It's always a singularity. You're gonna get some people that will use deep reasoning to uh to hack the stock market, and you're gonna get people uh that will use deep reasoning to invent something amazing. Right? And and uh and bo- both, it's not one or the other, both will happen at the same time.

• 2:09:29Speaker 01

  My my hope is that humanity will respond to the hackers uh by saying hey let's work together. Uh but you know, there is no denial that there are incredible breakthroughs in terms of our understanding of things. Because of the level of intelligence that we now have access to, it's refresh it's refreshing really and and I I say I say that with a with a very uh childlike uh happiness because with age hmm I I sort of started to feel that I'm slowing down a little, like you know, I still am a very reasonable mathematician, but it takes me longer, which is really weird, I hate it, okay.

• 2:10:12Speaker 01

  Takes me longer to do the math, maybe I'm not using it as often, or maybe I'm just slowing down. And now suddenly you give me this new boost where I just need to know how to state the problem and someone will do the math for me and it's just incredible, right? Uh you know, I I I just need to state the problem and someone will do the research for me, it's just so empowering hmm. And and and it and it's you know, when it comes to reasoning.

• 2:10:40Speaker 01

  Ju- just think about this huh? One of the top limitations of humanity was multidisciplinary reasoning. Meaning, there is a certain point at which uh for me to be a meaningful physicist, I need to so deeply specialize that I have no space left in my head for chemistry or biology, right? And and that's the truth of me and every every scientist I I've ever worked with. You really, it's becoming so complex that you have to specialize, right? Uh and so your reasoning, when you solve complex problems, is

• 2:11:22Speaker 01

  limited to your own capability, and if you want to bring other specialists in, it's limited to the ridiculous bandwidths of of information communication that humans have.

• 2:11:34Speaker 01

  Right? Imagine if I can, if I can reason across disciplines next year with that efficiency. Right? Imagine if I can allow artificial intelligence to look at climate change, not just as a recycling and manufacturing problem, but also as a physics problem that includes a bit of biology, a bit of, I don't know, astrology. Right? And, and, and basically, maybe we end up finding that if we took a certain bacteria from Earth and sent it to space in a certain way, at a certain speed, in a certain angle, and then brought it back and it fell on a palm tree.

• 2:12:15Speaker 01

  Uh, you know, it would, you know, consume more of the CO2 in the, in the world. I, I don't know. Right? But that, the promise of that is just incredible.

• 2:12:25Geoff Nielson?

  Yeah.

• 2:12:27Geoff Nielson?

  Yeah. And that's, um, I, I was thinking about it earlier, much earlier in our conversation, when you were talking about synthetic data, because, you know, for me, if you asked me, Jeff, what's the fastest way to start coming up with scientific breakthroughs? It would be Point AI at cross-disciplinary, you know, papers or pieces of literature or finding and saying, take all the physics papers here, take all the biology papers here and cross-reference them, just all of them. Just do it and see what insights you come up with, you know? And, and it doesn't have to be, you know, just two fields. You can do it with every field. And the amount you could unlock that no human could ever do so quickly. It's really easy, at least for me, to imagine a world that completely transforms,

• 2:13:10Geoff Nielson?

  you know, technology and science in a very short amount of time.

• 2:13:13Speaker 01

  Yeah, totally.

• 2:13:18Geoff Nielson?

  Yeah. Um, Mo, I know we've had a very long and at least for me extremely interesting conversation today.

• 2:13:27Speaker 01

  Thank you.

• 2:13:27Geoff Nielson?

  I, I want, I, I wanted to say, you know, a huge, huge thank you for, for making the time and for sharing your insights. Um. There were so many things I wanted to talk with you about today and I feel like we covered just a silly amount of ground, but everything to me still ties, it ties together as we think about, you know, what's coming next for us, what it means for people, what it means for the world. Like, we went up to, you know, the level of, you know, the earth and the climate and nation states. We went down to the level of, you know, us as individuals and purpose. So I really appreciate it. I learned a ton. I'm walking out of this, you know, room with a lot to think about. So I really appreciate you sharing your insights.

• 2:14:08Speaker 01

  I really enjoy it. I'm very, very grateful for the time. I'm very grateful for the way you handled it and the questions you asked. You know, I should again, maybe just close by saying, please don't take any of what I said as true. Just take it as an interesting direction to consider. It's the, you know, the best of my analysis, but it could absolutely be complete garbage. So, you know, nobody knows the future. It's very arrogant to predict that one. Anyone knows. But yeah, I'm really grateful and I think it's by this moment, it's just you and I in the podcast, everyone else left. So if anyone's still here, tell us. And yeah, I'm really grateful for the opportunity. Thank you.