Rebuilding The American Shipyard

Erin Price-Wright speaks with Michael Duffey and Dino Mavrookas about what it will take to rebuild the American defense industrial base for a new era of competition. As production capacity becomes a central constraint, they outline how the system must shift toward speed, scale, and modern manufacturing. The conversation covers the role of autonomy in both defense systems and industrial processes, and how new approaches to design, labor, and production can dramatically reduce cost and complexity. Mavrookas explains how building for software and autonomy enables entirely new classes of platforms, while Duffey emphasizes the need for structural changes in how the Department of Defense works with industry. They also discuss the importance of commercial markets in supporting defense capabilities, the fragility of existing supply chains, and why aligning private capital with national priorities is essential to long-term resilience.

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:00Speaker 00

  There's a real generational opportunity to build what this country needs for the next 100 years, and we need more founders, we need more builders, and we need more folks in government pushing for change.

• 0:15Speaker 01

  It's really frustrating how much fragility we encounter within the traditional defense industrial base because we have a sole supplier that's not really that profitable that was bespoke for the defense industry, and all of a sudden, we've really created our own set of vulnerabilities here.

• 0:28Erin Price-Wright?

  This room is filled with PAEs and PMs from across the Pentagon. What's one key message you'd like to send this group as we look to build together and build faster in 2026?

• 0:37Speaker 01

  The only way to succeed is really to...

• 0:39Erik Torenberg?

  What does it take to rebuild an industrial base? For decades, the focus in defense has been on technology, better systems, more advanced capabilities. But increasingly, the constraint isn't innovation, it's production. How fast things can be built, at what cost, and at what scale? That shift is forcing a rethink of everything from manufacturing to procurement. New companies are approaching the problem from first principles, redesigning systems for autonomy, software, and speed, while the government works to remove barriers and create stronger demand signals. The question is not what to build, but how to build it, and whether the system itself can keep up.

• 1:21Erik Torenberg?

  Michael Duffy speaks with Dino Mavrookas about rebuilding the defense industrial base for the next generation.

• 1:30Erin Price-Wright?

  How have you translated this alignment between Sironic's autonomy and the Navy's no man left behind ethos into contracts? And how do autonomy breakthroughs actually allow you to build more faster products for the Navy?

• 1:44Speaker 00

  So that's one I'll come back to. What autonomy enables is, and I'm a huge believer in this, we're unlocking capability that didn't exist before. Warfare will require human involvement at some point, but I've seen it, and you should never send a human if you have the ability to send a robot. You just shouldn't do it. So let's leverage robotics and protect human life where we can. The real unlock to autonomy is speed and scale.

• 2:17Speaker 00

  Right? If I was sitting up here telling the secretary how we're going to build the same ships that we've been building for the last 50 years, or the same ships that they're building in China, we're just going to do it better, faster, and cheaper. I mean, he should just politely ask me to leave. You have to bend the economic cost curve. You have to build ships cheaper. You have to build ships faster. The only two levers you have to pull are material costs and labor costs. We're not going to buy steel cheaper than they're buying it in China. So you have to take a first principles design to the ship and just fundamentally use less steel. How do you do that? You build for software autonomy and digitization.

• 3:02Speaker 00

  Same thing on labor hours. We're not going to acquire a per hour labor rate cheaper than they're paying in China. So let's build ships much faster. For example, Marauder's using about a 50,000 labor hour on our first ship, just for order of magnitude. Put it in frame of reference. Apples and oranges comparison here, I'm going to acknowledge that upfront. But a destroyer is seven to nine million

• 3:29Erin Price-Wright?

  Wow.

• 3:29Speaker 00

  labor hours. So that's the scale and speed that autonomy unlocks because you can redesign the whole platform and make it much simpler to build. And then you have the capability at the scale that you need to keep as many people as possible out of combat scenarios.

• 3:48Erin Price-Wright?

  You mentioned the sort of factories and bringing autonomy into the actual manufacturing processes. You've put real money behind rebuilding the American industrial base, most notably a major expansion of your Louisiana shipyard, as well as getting prepared to launch Port Alpha. We're excited for news there at some point soon. How are you thinking about Serronic investing in some of these forgotten areas, forgotten demographics, as you build out manufacturing across the US? And how has scaling been similar, different, complementary for the different customer bases that you're targeting?

• 4:21Speaker 00

  The workforce is critical, right? The secretary and I were talking about the workforce earlier. We have to rebuild the workforce to support the maritime industrial base, right? You can. Create people with 15 years of experience overnight. So it goes back to the first principles approach, design of the ship. Design the ship so you actually don't need 15 years of welding experience to build it in the first place. Then you can actually rebuild and retrain the workforce. I'll steal one of the lines from our head of manufacturing. He says, "Less like an encyclopedia, more like IKEA." It's like, everybody can build furniture.

• 5:04Speaker 00

  Somebody is building a car for Ford or General Motors, or an airplane at Boeing, or a rocket ship for SpaceX, and we can't get them highly effective building ships quickly? That's our fault. That means our design isn't simple enough. We don't have the processes, or the work instructions, or the training materials, or something else. So it's rebuilding and recreating the workforce and changing the culture, what it actually means to work at a shipyard again. Making it cool, building for the future, giving people a mission, and giving people job security behind that.

• 5:42Erin Price-Wright?

  You mentioned the job security piece. So, following up generally on your investments, Honorable Duffy, what investments do you want to see companies making as we look to rebuild the defense industrial base? And maybe I'll expand that to companies and private capital.

• 5:56Speaker 01

  Well, I think Dino's got it right in terms of how we can leverage modern manufacturing. I mean, one of the things that we're finding as we dig down into traditional industry, and as we look at, you'd mentioned the transition of Defense Security Cooperation Agency under my jurisdiction now in the Pentagon. Production really is the biggest constraint for us when it comes to fulfilling our foreign military sales orders. And the rate of production is generally kind of calibrated to what the US Department of War budget looks like. We can no longer kind of live within those constraints, and you've seen some of the deals that we've been able to do with traditional industry in the last two months where we've incentivized them to expend their own private capital to expand production.

• 6:39Speaker 01

  With their own funding, which I think then instead of being a handout from the US government, as it's traditionally been, incentivizes industry to do what Dino is doing with his company, which is really modernize how we're take ownership on the actual efficiency and production capacity that they're producing. I think that's a fundamental shift that we want to see industry wide, which I think levels the playing field for both the new startups that are already practicing this way and bringing our traditional defense contractors who have capability that we need into that construct as well.

• 7:13Erin Price-Wright?

  Yeah, yeah, completely. Dino, moving back to you, what role will Port Alpha play in supporting your growth and expansion as you continue building for both the defense and commercial markets at speed and scale? And in particular, how have you found the commercial market to be important to support your defense market?

• 7:30Speaker 00

  To put it bluntly, I mean, Port Alpha is a generational project. I mean, we're looking at building one of, if not the largest shipyard in the world, focused on autonomous platforms, focused on the future of the maritime industry, unlocking the commercial market, building larger vessels, cargo containers, bulk carriers, oil tankers, things that enable things like energy dominance, right? It's absolutely critical to have that commercial market because at the end of the day, what our goal is to provide the Department of

• 8:10Speaker 00

  War wartime production capacity during peacetime. And if we can't enter the commercial market in a viable and economic manner, then we're just looking to the government for the next contract vehicle and the next paycheck to support our company's longevity. And maybe it's five years from now, maybe it's 10 years from now, maybe it's 20, maybe it's 30. But eventually, we may end up right back where we are. That's why the commercial market is so important. And you see a big focus with the Maritime Action Plan is on the commercial shipping industry within the United States.

• 8:50Speaker 01

  Yeah, I think if I can jump in on that, I mean, commercial first is a major element of our acquisition transformation strategy. And the resilience it provides the industrial base, I mean, it's really frustrating how much fragility we encounter within the traditional defense industrial base because we have a sole supplier that's not really that profitable, that was a feeder to a design that was bespoke for the defense industry. And all of a sudden, we've really created our own set of vulnerabilities here. If we can prioritize commercial first and producibility as a primary input to the development of a design, that creates all kinds of resilience and benefits for the Department of Defense as well. So that's, I think, key to our success.

• 9:28Erin Price-Wright?

  Yeah, on our team, we often say there's no defense industrial base without an industrial base. So the two really go hand in hand. Honorable Deputy, this room is filled with PEs and PMs from across the Pentagon, as well as many founders that are building for the department. What's one key message you'd like to send this group as we look to build together and build faster in 2026?

• 9:47Speaker 01

  Well, let me start with an expression of gratitude for the leaders in this room who are driving innovation, who are fighting through the bureaucracy to deliver the capability that the warfighter needs on schedule. And I think the other message I would say is it's really up to everybody in this room, right? We recognize, I think, as a part of this acquisition transformation strategy, the only way to succeed is really to let a thousand flowers bloom and ensure that we are removing the obstacles to companies and program leadership to deliver the best capability the warfighter needs on schedule. And that's going to take time, and it's going to take cooperation. One of the things that we've been trying to do as we try to change culture within the

• 10:28Speaker 01

  Pentagon is maximum communication throughout the hierarchy of the acquisition system, directly with industry, and ensuring that there's clear understanding of what's getting in the way. We want to continue to expand on that. And I invite everybody in this room to engage with my team or others and just say, hey, this is not working. How can we remove this barrier? Because we're committed to making sure we can go as fast as possible.

• 10:53Erin Price-Wright?

  Thank you. And Dino, advice to other builders who might be a click or two behind you?

• 10:59Speaker 00

  Find what you believe in and then go for it. There's a real generational opportunity to build what this country needs for the next 100 years, and we need more founders, we need more builders, and we need more folks in government like the secretary pushing for change. This isn't a one company, one person is going to solve this problem. We need a partnership across the country and folks that are thinking about getting into this space, building a company. I would say build the conviction in what you believe in and then go all in on it because the country needs you and the partners are here to support you.

• 11:40Erin Price-Wright?

  Amazing. Thank you both so much, Honorable Duffy, Dino. It's been a real pleasure.

• 11:47Erik Torenberg?

  Thanks for listening to this episode of the A16Z Podcast. If you liked this episode, be sure to like, comment, subscribe, leave us a rating or review, and share it with your friends and family. For more episodes, go to YouTube, Apple Podcasts, and Spotify. Follow us on X at A16Z and subscribe to our Substack at A16Z.substack.com. Thanks again for listening and I'll see you in the next episode. As a reminder, the content here is for informational purposes only, should not be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice, or be used to evaluate any investment or security, and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any A16Z fund. Please note that A16Z and its affiliates may also maintain investments in the companies discussed in this podcast.

• 12:31Erik Torenberg?

  For more details, including a link to our investments, please see A16Z.com/disclosures.