#590: Tony Fadell of iPod, iPhone, and Nest Fame — Stories of Steve Jobs on “Vacation,” Product Design and Team Building, Good Assholes vs. Bad Assholes, Investing in Trends Before They Become Trends, The Hydrogen Economy, The Future of Batteries, and More

Brought to you by LinkedIn Marketing Solutions http://linkedin.com/tfs marketing platform with ~770M users, LMNT http://drinklmnt.com/tim electrolyte supplement, and Eight Sleep’s Pod Pro Cover http://eightsleep.com/Tim sleeping solution for dynamic cooling and heating. More on all three below. Tony Fadell (@tfadell https://twitter.com/tfadell?lang=en) is an active investor and entrepreneur with a 30+ year history of founding companies and designing products that profoundly improve people’s lives. As the principal at Future Shape https://www.futureshape.com/, a global investment and advisory firm coaching engineers and scientists working on foundational deep technology, he is continuing to help bring technology out of the lab and into our lives. Currently, Future Shape is coaching 200+ startups innovating game-changing technologies. Tony began his career in Silicon Valley at General Magic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Magic, the most influential startup nobody has ever heard of. He is the founder and former CEO of Nest, the company that pioneered the “Internet of Things” and created the Nest Learning Thermostat. Tony was the SVP of Apple’s iPod Division and led the team that created the first 18 generations of the iPod and the first three generations of the iPhone. Throughout his career, Tony has authored more than 300 patents. In May 2016, TIME named the Nest Learning Thermostat, the iPod, and the iPhone as three of the “50 Most Influential Gadgets of All Time.” His new book is Build: An Unorthodox Guide to Making Things Worth Making https://www.amazon.com/Build-Unorthodox-Guide-Making-Things/dp/0063046067/?tag=offsitoftimfe-20. Please enjoy! This episode is brought to you by LinkedIn Marketing Solutions https://linkedin.com/TFS, the go-to tool for B2B marketers and advertisers who want to drive brand awareness, generate leads, or build long-term relationships that result in real business impact. With a community of more than 770 million professionals, LinkedIn https://linkedin.com/TFS is gigantic, but it can be hyper-specific. You have access to a diverse group of people all searching for things they need to grow professionally. LinkedIn https://linkedin.com/TFS has the marketing tools to help you target your customers with precision, right down to job title, company name, industry, etc. To redeem your free $100 LinkedIn ad credit and launch your first campaign, go to LinkedIn.com/TFS https://linkedin.com/TFS! * This episode is also brought to you by Eight Sleep http://eightsleep.com/Tim! Eight Sleep’s Pod Pro Cover http://eightsleep.com/Tim is the easiest and fastest way to sleep at the perfect temperature. It pairs dynamic cooling and heating with biometric tracking to offer the most advanced (and user-friendly) solution on the market. Simply add the Pod Pro Cover http://eightsleep.com/Tim to your current mattress and start sleeping as cool as 55°F or as hot as 110°F. It also splits your bed in half, so your partner can choose a totally different temperature. And now, my dear listeners—that’s you—can get $250 off the Pod Pro Cover http://eightsleep.com/Tim. Simply go to EightSleep.com/Tim http://eightsleep.com/Tim or use code TIM at checkout. * This episode is also brought to you by LMNT http://drinklmnt.com/tim! What is LMNT? It’s a delicious, sugar-free electrolyte drink mix http://drinklmnt.com/tim. I’ve stocked up on boxes and boxes of this and usually use it 1–2 times per day. LMNT http://drinklmnt.com/tim is formulated to help anyone with their electrolyte needs and perfectly suited to folks following a keto, low-carb, or Paleo diet. If you are on a low-carb diet or fasting, electrolytes play a key role in relieving hunger, cramps, headaches, tiredness, and dizziness. LMNT came up with a very special offer for you, my dear listeners. For a limited time, you can claim a free LMNT Sample Pack—you only cover the cost of shipping. For US customers, this means you can receive an 8-count sample pack for only $5. Simply go to DrinkLMNT.com/Tim http://drinklmnt.com/Tim to claim your free 8-count sample pack. * How did Tony overcome his lack of patience long enough to write Build: An Unorthodox Guide to Making Things Worth Making? [07:38] What did Tony learn from Steve Jobs about taking vacations, and why did he lead the “Killing Yourself for Work” chapter in Build with this story? [12:30] As a CEO, what did Tony accomplish in his downtime? [21:03] Tony shares his thoughts on managing big jobs with small teams, and how to chalk up wins that best alleviate burnout. [24:07] The best practices Tony has found for efficiently dividing labor among the members of a small team. [28:40] What do the headcount and org chart look like within Future Shape? [36:20] How does Future Shape differ from a VC firm, and what is its mission? Why was the COVID pandemic minimally disruptive to the way the company handles meetings and does business? [39:17] What is programmable electrification, and how is Future Shape involved in its development? [44:50] “The story doesn’t exist to sell your product. It’s there to help you define it.” Tony shares how this concept played into the creation of Build, and what Build is intended to provide to its readership. [51:00] How did Steve Jobs use story to define projects and products at Apple? [59:47] Tony admits that plenty of people think he’s an asshole. But what differentiates an acceptable asshole from an unacceptable asshole? [1:01:43] In our last conversation, Tony drove home the necessity of finding creative ways to cope with the world’s overabundance of plastics. What progress has been made on this front since then, and what other materials can be reclaimed from the things we throw away regularly? [1:06:12] How does Tony’s small team leverage its time and resources to focus on solving the problems that will have the largest impact? [1:09:17] Underestimated targets related to climate change that Tony thinks deserve more attention. [1:13:16] Tony’s thoughts on the efficacy of carbon removal, and companies that are aiming to do it right. [1:17:45] How will geopolitics figure into the supply chain for an electron-based economy? [1:24:28] How can we cultivate optimism in our younger generations when the constant barrage of doom and gloom from the media is generating higher-than-ever levels of apathy and passivism in the populace? What can we do to consume a healthier media diet? [1:30:34] Audience asks and parting thoughts. [1:37:58] * For show notes and past guests on The Tim Ferriss Show http://tim.blog/podcast, please visit tim.blog/podcast https://tim.blog/podcast/?utm_source=podcast&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=podcast-description. For deals from sponsors of The Tim Ferriss Show http://tim.blog/podcast, please visit tim.blog/podcast-sponsors http://tim.blog/podcast-sponsors. Sign up for Tim’s email newsletter (5-Bullet Friday) at tim.blog/friday https://go.tim.blog/5-bullet-friday-1/. For transcripts of episodes, go to tim.blog/transcripts http://tim.blog/transcripts. Discover Tim’s books: tim.blog/books http://tim.blog/books. Follow Tim: Twitter: twitter.com/tferriss https://twitter.com/tferriss Instagram: instagram.com/timferriss https://instagram.com/timferriss/ YouTube: youtube.com/timferriss https://www.youtube.com/timferriss Facebook: facebook.com/timferriss https://www.facebook.com/TimFerriss/ LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/timferriss http://linkedin.com/in/timferriss Past guests on The Tim Ferriss Show http://tim.blog/podcast include Jerry Seinfeld https://tim.blog/2020/12/08/jerry-seinfeld/, Hugh Jackman https://tim.blog/2020/06/26/hugh-jackman/, Dr. Jane Goodall https://tim.blog/2020/04/16/jane-goodall/, LeBron James https://tim.blog/2018/11/27/lebron-james-mike-mancias/, Kevin Hart https://tim.blog/2020/05/20/kevin-hart/, Doris Kearns Goodwin https://tim.blog/2018/09/07/doris-kearns-goodwin-leadership/, Jamie Foxx https://tim.blog/2015/12/06/jamie-foxx/, Matthew McConaughey https://tim.blog/2020/10/19/matthew-mcconaughey/, Esther Perel https://tim.blog/2017/05/21/esther-perel/, Elizabeth Gilbert https://tim.blog/2020/05/08/elizabeth-gilbert/, Terry Crews https://tim.blog/2017/12/20/terry-crews-how-to-have-do-and-be-all-you-want/, Sia https://tim.blog/2020/08/12/sia/, Yuval Noah Harari https://tim.blog/2020/10/27/yuval-noah-harari/, Malcolm Gladwell https://tim.blog/2016/06/21/malcolm-gladwell/, Madeleine Albright https://tim.blog/2020/05/27/secretary-madeleine-albright/, Cheryl Strayed https://tim.blog/2017/03/30/cheryl-strayed/, Jim Collins https://tim.blog/2019/02/18/jim-collins/, Mary Karr, https://tim.blog/2020/11/11/mary-karr/ Maria Popova https://tim.blog/2014/10/21/brain-pickings/, Sam Harris https://tim.blog/2020/05/15/sam-harris-2/, Michael Phelps https://tim.blog/2021/01/21/michael-phelps-grant-hackett/, Bob Iger https://tim.blog/2020/01/16/bob-iger/, Edward Norton https://tim.blog/2019/10/31/edward-norton-motherless-brooklyn/, Arnold Schwarzenegger https://tim.blog/2015/02/02/arnold-schwarzenegger/, Neil Strauss https://tim.blog/2014/06/24/neil-strauss/, Ken Burns https://tim.blog/2019/09/12/ken-burns/, Maria Sharapova https://tim.blog/2017/08/26/maria-sharapova/, Marc Andreessen https://tim.blog/2016/05/29/marc-andreessen/, Neil Gaiman https://tim.blog/2019/03/28/neil-gaiman/, Neil de Grasse Tyson https://tim.blog/2019/10/03/neil-degrasse-tyson/, Jocko Willink https://tim.blog/2016/09/21/jocko-willink-on-discipline-leadership-and-overcoming-doubt/, Daniel Ek https://tim.blog/2020/12/03/daniel-ek/, Kelly Slater https://tim.blog/2020/09/08/kelly-slater/, Dr. Peter Attia https://tim.blog/2019/11/27/peter-attia-fasting-metformin-longevity/, Seth Godin https://tim.blog/2016/02/10/seth-godin/, Howard Marks https://tim.blog/2018/09/25/howard-marks/, Dr. Brené Brown https://tim.blog/2020/02/06/brene-brown-striving-self-acceptance-saving-marriages/, Eric Schmidt https://tim.blog/2019/04/09/eric-schmidt/, Michael Lewis https://tim.blog/2020/05/01/michael-lewis/, Joe Gebbia https://tim.blog/2018/03/08/joe-gebbia-co-founder-of-airbnb/, Michael Pollan https://tim.blog/2018/05/06/michael-pollan-how-to-change-your-mind/, Dr. Jordan Peterson https://tim.blog/2021/03/01/jordan-peterson/, Vince Vaughn https://tim.blog/2017/05/31/vince-vaughn/, Brian Koppelman https://tim.blog/2020/04/23/brian-koppelman/, Ramit Sethi https://tim.blog/2019/05/07/ramit-sethi/, Dax Shepard https://tim.blog/2020/11/18/dax-shepard/, Tony Robbins https://tim.blog/2014/10/15/money-master-the-game/, Jim Dethmer https://tim.blog/2020/05/18/jim-dethmer/, Dan Harris https://tim.blog/2020/11/19/dan-harris/, Ray Dalio https://tim.blog/2017/09/13/ray-dalio/, Naval Ravikant https://tim.blog/2015/08/18/the-evolutionary-angel-naval-ravikant/, Vitalik Buterin https://tim.blog/2021/03/08/vitalik-buterin-naval-ravikant/, Elizabeth Lesser https://tim.blog/2021/03/16/elizabeth-lesser/, Amanda Palmer https://tim.blog/2019/04/18/amanda-palmer-2/, Katie Haun https://tim.blog/2021/02/18/katie-haun/, Sir Richard Branson https://tim.blog/2017/10/09/richard-branson/, Chuck Palahniuk https://tim.blog/2020/09/02/chuck-palahniuk/, Arianna Huffington https://tim.blog/2017/10/18/arianna-huffington/, Reid Hoffman https://tim.blog/2015/08/31/the-oracle-of-silicon-valley-reid-hoffman-plus-michael-mccullough/, Bill Burr https://tim.blog/2017/09/17/bill-burr/, Whitney Cummings https://tim.blog/2015/06/26/whitney-cummings/, Rick Rubin https://tim.blog/2015/05/15/rick-rubin/, Dr. Vivek Murthy https://tim.blog/2020/03/26/vivek-murthy/, Darren Aronofsky https://tim.blog/2017/09/09/darren-aronofsky/, and many more. 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Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:00Tim Ferriss?

  This episode is brought to you by Element, spelled L-M-N-T. What on earth is Element? It is a delicious, sugar-free electrolyte drink mix. I've stocked up on boxes and boxes of this. It was one of the first things that I bought when I saw COVID coming down the pike. And I usually use one to two per day. Element is formulated to help anyone with their electrolyte needs and perfectly suited to folks following a keto, low carb, or paleo diet. Or if you drink a ton of water and you might not have the right balance, that's often when I drink it, or if you're doing any type of endurance exercise, mountain biking, et cetera, another application. If you've ever struggled to feel good on keto, low carb, or paleo, it's most likely because even if you're consciously consuming electrolytes, you're just not getting enough.

• 0:43Tim Ferriss?

  And it relates to a bunch of stuff like a hormone called aldosterone, blah, blah, blah, when insulin is low. But suffice to say, this is where Element, again spelled L-M-N-T, can help. My favorite flavor by far is citrus salt, which, as a side note, you can also use to make a kick-ass, no-sugar margarita, but for special occasions, obviously. You're probably already familiar with one of the names behind it, Rob Wolf, R-O-B-B, Rob Wolf, who is a former research biochemist and two-time New York Times bestselling author of The Paleo Solution and Wired to Eat. Rob created Element by scratching his own itch. That's how it got started. His Brazilian jiu-jitsu coaches turned him on to electrolytes as a performance enhancer. Things clicked and bam, company was born.

• 1:28Tim Ferriss?

  So if you're on a low carb diet or fasting, electrolytes play a key role in relieving hunger, cramps, headaches, tiredness, and dizziness. Sugar, artificial ingredients, coloring, all that's garbage, unneeded. There's none of that in Element. And a lot of names you might recognize are already using Element. It was recommended to me by one of my favorite athlete friends. Three Navy SEAL teams, as prescribed by their Master Chief, Marine units, FBI sniper teams, at least five NFL teams who have subscriptions. They are the exclusive hydration partner to Team USA Weightlifting and on and on. You can try it risk-free. If you don't like it, Element will give you your money back, no questions asked. They have extremely low return rates. Element came up with a very special offer for you, my dear listeners. For a limited time, you can claim a free Element sample pack.

• 2:13Tim Ferriss?

  You only cover the cost of shipping. For US customers, this means you can receive an eight count sample pack for just $5. Simply go to drink element.com/tim. That's drink element.com/tim to claim your free eight count sample pack. One more time, that's drink LMNT.com/tim for this exclusive offer. Drink element.com/tim. Check it out.

• 2:40Tim Ferriss?

  This episode is brought to you by Eight Sleep. My God, am I in love with Eight Sleep. Good sleep is the ultimate game changer. More than 30% of Americans struggle with sleep and I'm a member of that sad group. Temperature is one of the main causes of poor sleep and heat has always been my nemesis. I've suffered for decades tossing and turning, throwing blankets off, putting them back on and repeating ad nauseam. But now I am falling asleep in record time, faster than ever. Why? Because I'm using a simple device called the Pod Pro Cover by Eight Sleep. It's the easiest and fastest way to sleep at the perfect temperature. It pairs dynamic cooling and heating with biometric tracking to offer the most advanced, but most user-friendly solution on the market.

• 3:25Tim Ferriss?

  I polled all of you guys on social media about the best tools for sleep, enhancing sleep, and Eight Sleep was by far and away the crowd favorite. I mean, people were just raving fans of this. So I used it and here we are. Add the Pod Pro Cover to your current mattress and start sleeping as cool as 55 degrees Fahrenheit or as hot as 110 degrees Fahrenheit. It also splits your bed in half so your partner can choose a totally different temperature. My girlfriend runs hot all the time. She doesn't need cooling. She loves the heat and we can have our own bespoke temperatures on either side, which is exactly what we're doing. Now for me and for many people, the result, Eight Sleep users fall asleep up to 32% faster,

• 4:08Tim Ferriss?

  reduce sleep interruptions by up to 40% and get more restful sleep overall. I can personally attest to this because I track it in all sorts of ways. It's the total solution for enhanced recovery. So you can take. Take on the next day feeling refreshed. And now, my dear listeners, that's you guys. You can get $250 off of the Pod Pro cover. That's a lot. Simply go to eightsleep.com/tim or use code TIM. That's eight, all spelled out, E I G H T, sleep.com/tim or use coupon code TIM, T I M. Eightsleep.com/tim for $250 off your Pod Pro cover.

• 4:48Speaker 01

  Optimal minimal. At this altitude, I can run flat out for a half mile before my hands start shaking. Can I ask you a personal question?

• 4:56Tim Ferriss?

  No, we're seeing appropriate timing.

• 4:59Speaker 01

  What if I did the opposite? I'm a cybernetic organism, living tissue over metal endoskeleton.

• 5:12Tim Ferriss?

  Hello, boys and girls, ladies and germs, lemurs and squirrels. This is Tim Ferriss. Welcome to another episode of The Tim Ferriss Show, where it is my job each and every episode to deconstruct world-class performers of all different types, from all different disciplines, to tease out the habits, routines, influences, frameworks, et cetera, that you can hopefully borrow and apply to your own lives. And my guest today is a fan favorite. It is his second appearance, Tony Fadell. You can find him on Twitter and Instagram, at T Fadell, F A D E L L. Who is Tony Fadell? Tony is an active investor and entrepreneur with a 30-plus-year history of founding companies and designing products that profoundly improve people's lives.

• 5:56Tim Ferriss?

  You'll recognize quite a few of them, so stick around, pay attention. As a principal at Future Shape, a global investment and advisory firm coaching engineers and scientists working on foundational deep technology, he is continuing to help bring technology out of the lab and into our lives. Currently, Future Shape is coaching 200-plus startups innovating game-changing technologies. He began his career in Silicon Valley at General Magic, the most influential startup nobody has heard of. We talk about General Magic at length in our first conversation, so check that out if you want that chapter. We cover it a little bit in this one, just so you have context. He is the The founder and former CEO of Nest, the company that pioneered the Internet of Things and created the Nest Learning Thermostat. Tony was the SVP of Apple's iPod Division and led the team that created the first 18

• 6:41Tim Ferriss?

  generations of the iPod and the first three generations of the iPhone. Throughout his career, Tony has authored more than 300 patents. That is a whole lot of patents. In May 2016, Time named the Nest Learning Thermostat, the iPod and the iPhone as three of the 50 most influential gadgets of all time. His new book, which we dig into at some length because it is tactical and practical and very rich in details, is Build: Subtitle and Unorthodox Guide to Making Things Worth Making. You can find him online, futureshape LLC.com. You can find him on Twitter, Instagram, and all over the place, of course. Easiest handle is at Tfidel, T-F-A-D-E-L-L.

• 7:25Tim Ferriss?

  And without further ado, please enjoy this very wide-ranging conversation and very actionable conversation. Lots of nitty-gritty details with Tony Fadell. Tony, what a pleasure to see you. Thanks for coming back on the show.

• 7:41Speaker 02

  Tim, it's great to be with you and with you again. I hear that's a rare occasion to come on a second time, so thanks for having me.

• 7:48Tim Ferriss?

  It is a rare event, and I think there are many good reasons for it. The first is we only got through a small percentage of my total notes the first time around, and many things have happened since we last spoke. And I have to ask you right up front, so you have this new book, Build: Subtitle and Unorthodox Guide to Making Things Worth Making, which is incredibly well put together. I looked at, I didn't read the whole thing, but I did read quite a few chapters. I'm going to read more. Lots of diagrams, lots of illustrations, stories, case studies, et cetera. I was looking back, however, at the transcript of our first conversation, which I always do before having a follow-up.

• 8:33Tim Ferriss?

  And I had asked you what you struggle with, what doesn't come easy. And you had said analytics has always been tough, also long-form writing. It's a lack of patience. You have a hard time waiting on people to move when the time is now. He just wants to get things done. That's you. So, long-form writing, but yet here we are with a book. So what the hell happened? How did this come to manifest?

• 8:57Speaker 02

  Well, Build has been in the back of my mind, obviously not the title, but the the concept has been in the back of my mind for about 15 years now. I've had a lot of people bugging me, when are you going to write a book? When are you going to write a book? And I just didn't want it to be some kind of autobiography or some, look at this great stuff and here's all the wonderful things that the team and I created together. And and you know, it's just these kind of hero stories. Well, I really wanted to give back. And the the real reason for doing this is I looked up and this was just before COVID. I was looking around going, the only reason why I'm sitting here talking to to someone such as yourself is because people helped me with my success.

• 9:41Speaker 02

  I had mentors along the route, all the way from when I was a young kid through school into the working world. And I thought about that and I was like, oh. And then I thought about who were or are my mentors? And I found out, you know, most of them had died. And for me, I was like, oh, wait a second. That means the baton has been passed. And to take what people gave me, their heart, their time, their energy, their passion to help me with with no economic benefit to them directly. You know, they helped me. So now it's time for me to give back. And given our future, our work at Future Shape, where we have over 200 companies we've directly invested in

• 10:25Speaker 02

  and lots of other companies who just come to ask for advice. I was being a mentor every day. And so I just started putting together all of the topics that kept coming up every single time, every day, every multiple times a week into a spreadsheet and start going, okay, this, this, this, these are the core things necessary. And so Build was born out of just those conversations that I have all the time. And so to get into long form, obviously, long form is difficult. And I didn't do it all myself. I had a brilliant co writer, Dina Lovinsky, who helped me tremendously and we've worked together for over a decade. So she and I put the words on the page, but the concept

• 11:06Speaker 02

  And everything came directly from the conversations I have daily with all of these startup founders or even high schoolers going into college, which they do, college people getting out, where should I go work? So it was all of those things coming out and flowing back. And hopefully this book is a mentor in a box. So no matter whether you're a high schooler, all the way through, you know, retirement age, you were able to access something in the book. And the book is set up, yes, it's long form, but really every chapter, and it started out as micro chapters, short chapters about real key topics that I think affects most people in most industries who are trying to do something special.

• 11:45Speaker 02

  And for either themselves in their career or for the world in the, in the businesses that they, they create or manage. And so that was really what it was, is just trying to give back. And it was really rewarding. It was very difficult. It was very cathartic at times. It's very personal. It's very raw. I didn't pull punches. And, you know, we'll see what happens. I, I hope there's real practical advice, not just about success, but here's all kinds of ways that I've failed and how I picked myself up from the failure and moved on. Because for as much success you hear people talk about, and you know this, Tim, is there's a lot of failure along the way that most people don't talk about. And I think we actually spend more time talking about the failures than we do the successes in the book so people can learn.

• 12:30Tim Ferriss?

  Okay. So I'm grinning ear to ear for people who can't see me. If you're listening just to the audio and I'm, I'm grinning for a whole bunch of reasons. The first is, we just paused for a second. Everyone listening should imagine Tony in front of employees, say rallying them for a launch or say identifying how they're going to move forth or after conquering a crisis. There's a chapter on storytelling that I just finished reading, which talks about putting the why before the what. So you are, I mean, a walking illustration of a lot of what's discussed in the book. And I want to underscore the not pulling punches. And you'll have to trust me that I know at least some subset of my audience.

• 13:14Tim Ferriss?

  When I give this example, I just, there are a lot of memorable, very highly specific stories. And they range from

• 13:24Tim Ferriss?

  Org chart design, all the way to handling internal politics and different breeds of assholes. And the particular story, we don't have to get into this right away, but the story, you may know where this is going. That I broke out laughing over when I was reading it was having someone pull you into an office with HR and saying, "There are two big swinging dicks in this room and mine is the biggest." And that's how they started the meeting.

• 13:53Speaker 02

  Yes.

• 13:53Tim Ferriss?

  And how you deal with someone like that, because this is the unpleasant reality of navigating the entrepreneurial and in some cases, whether it's product or company building journey. And so I wanted to now just go to this, this mention of mentors. So you've had many mentors and you can learn from mentors in different ways. So mentors can sit you down and teach you a lesson. They can lead by example. In some cases, they can show you perhaps what you shouldn't do and you can learn from their mistakes. So I want to visit the killing yourself for work chapter.

• 14:31Speaker 02

  Okay.

• 14:32Tim Ferriss?

  Which I only read the very beginning of, because I didn't want to kind of spoil any surprises for myself. Could you tell us what you learned from Steve Jobs about taking vacations? How did Steve Jobs take vacations?

• 14:45Speaker 02

  I don't know of all of his vacations. I know of the vacations he took while we were, we were together at Apple for, for 10 years. And what was really happening was, you know, Steve would go on vacation. And in my early days there, I would be like, "Yes, he's going on vacation. It's great." Where, you know, we're not going to have to hear from him for seven or 14 days or whatever the case may be. Well, that dream met reality and the reality was very different. It turned out that Steve, you know, he would go on vacation. He would usually vacation at one or two places and he'd go to the same places all the time. That's what he liked and that's all good. And he would go silent for the first kind of 24, 48 hours. He would be gone. He would be in transit.

• 15:29Speaker 02

  He would be, you know, with his family, what have you. For those first 48 hours, you wouldn't hear anything, maybe 72. But somewhere right after that. You started getting calls. Wasn't emails, it was calls from Steve. And Steve would be on vacation and he would be pondering where the next product, the next direction for Apple, new technologies, things he's reading. He used that vacation as a time to kind of expand his thinking and get outside of the Apple day to day and the projects that we all knew and loved. Or maybe there was this couple of things to improve on the projects we were working on. But he would start thinking about, oh, let's go buy a music company. Or should we go and do this other kind of product?

• 16:14Speaker 02

  Or what technology will it take to do this? Because he's also reading. He's reading or he's listening to others saying different technologies. So he would be calling, going, you would be like Google for him. You're like, hey, what is the latest on this? And you're like, uh, okay, Steve, here's what we know. I don't know that. I can go get back to you. He's like, oh, let me know when you know, send me an email on that. And then 15 minutes later, he might call back with a different idea. So it was literally while he was on vacation during reasonable hours. This wasn't crazy hours. But you might hear from him on vacation five or six times, depending on what he was thinking about at that time, per day. Could be as much as a, maybe zero per day. But sooner or later, along that vacation, he would call you and like want to brainstorm something,

• 16:59Speaker 02

  or want a piece of knowledge, or want to know the latest about something that was related to some idea he had in his head. And so you loved it because you got to talk to him about all kinds of things that weren't the day to day. But at the other times, you were like, okay, Steve, you need to be on vacation. And then two is, how much work are we going to have when you come back? Besides the incredible mountain of work we're already on top of, or trying to get on top of.

• 17:25Tim Ferriss?

  Why did you lead with that? And why write this particular chapter? Because flashing back again to our first conversation, which I encourage people to read. I'm going to try to not overlap too much with that. But back at General Magic. You had a certain, let's say, approach to work.

• 17:43Speaker 02

  Sure.

• 17:43Tim Ferriss?

  Which was high volume, high intensity, kind of 10 out of 10. And that seems to have changed over time. And just for people who have no idea what General Magic is, I just want to say, and tell me if this is off base, but it's kind of like Yodaworski's Dune in a sense where if people don't understand that, that was an attempt at making Dune, which failed. But the talent that was assembled ended up being this incredible diaspora of technical innovation that then spread all over the place. You had like Geiger, you know, creating Alien and so on. So General Magic was somewhat like that, I would say, the genesis of a lot of amazing careers.

• 18:24Speaker 02

  It's a great analogy. Yeah, great analogy.

• 18:28Tim Ferriss?

  So why did you lead with that story in that chapter? And why even write that chapter?

• 18:33Speaker 02

  I went through that personal struggle, you know, and I think a lot of people do of, I need to work harder than everyone else and spend more time working. So I was working 80, 100, 110 hours a week kind of thing, because that's what I thought needed to happen. I thought I needed to prove myself through the number of hours, through the amount of work that I could get done. And I was also really passionate and kind of like, you're a kid in the candy store. Like for me, I'm a geek, right? I'm like, oh, I could do this, I could do that. And I get to work on this. And the more hours I got at there, I could go and work and learn from all of these great people around me. So I, one thing I had to learn how to do the work.

• 19:16Speaker 02

  And the other one is doing the work and learning how to do it at a professional level, like my heroes around me would do. So there was a lot of learning. And you know, when you go to school, you go to school, but you're also doing your studying and all the other stuff. So it was a little bit more than going to a university. But your first jobs are really like that. You spend a lot of time, but you also start to learn. How to be productive, okay? And what being productive means and doing a great job versus just being there a lot of hours. And so that's where it all hit for me. I will say this, I was undiagnosed ADD, ADHD at that timeframe.

• 19:57Speaker 02

  I was in general magic and ultimately a couple of years later, then I actually figured out what was going on. So I was trying to do my work and perform at a professional level, learn the work. And I had ADHD across all of it. So if you know anything about writing code, writing code and being in the details. And if your mind's always going, oh my God, it made everything harder. So it was all of those things compounded. And so that, that chapter is really about here's where I was. Maybe you're experiencing a lot of this yourself. And here's where a more balanced approach. Now, it's not your typical work like daily balance, but here's a way to do it to be high performing, do amazing things.

• 20:40Speaker 02

  But to also give yourself the right amount per day as well as per year of time off. And time to think and realize that when you get to go away from a certain activity you're doing every time, you might be actually be able to think about it more clearly and come up with the answers more clearly. If you're away from it as opposed to into it all the time.

• 21:03Tim Ferriss?

  What did you find for yourself that annual cadence off looked like as a CEO? And I know in between gigs, we talked in the first conversation about getting bored, right? Spending three weeks like reorganizing your garage or doing something so that the ideas that are not obvious might make an appearance, right? And you could have insights and we spent quite a bit of time chatting about that. Where have you landed for yourself personally, or where did you land as a CEO?

• 21:34Speaker 02

  So as a CEO and even to this day, you need for me on a weekly basis, each week was make sure you're doing the right thing for your physical and mental health, either in the mornings or afternoons or wherever it is, five to six days a week. That's the first one, right? There's eating healthy, so I got rid of all kinds of bad foods. I got rid of alcohol, got rid of all kinds of stuff. Then there was, you know, making sure you're physically fit, making sure you're mentally fit. Those are really important things to do and you spend your time, you know, spend a lot of time doing those. And during that time, I was able to come up with great ideas and solve problems when I was quieting my brain and getting out of it.

• 22:16Speaker 02

  Like all of a sudden, things popped in my brain. It's not that I was thinking about it. It was like, all of a sudden, I don't know what happened, but consolidation happened in my memory, in my brain. It went, ding, oh, that's what we've been thinking about, or thought about it differently, different perspective. So that was kind of on a weekly basis. I would also go for a long bike ride or, you know, yoga or whatever. And this was three or four hours on the weekends, really just taking my time, no devices, nothing around, just totally being absorbed in whatever activity I was doing. And that was really, really great. Now, let's move out to more like a year kind of area from the week. And that made sure going on vacation, getting out of the fray every day when you're on vacation,

• 22:58Speaker 02

  really taking a vacation and turning over the reins to people I trusted. So people who reported to me, you know, they always look up and they go, oh, you know, I'm sure that, you know, they didn't say this to me. But they're, you know, in the back chair, oh, I could always be better. Why did Tony think of it this way? And why did he manage us this way? And I'm sure there's all kinds of backstories that I didn't hear about, but I'm sure they're talk. Everyone talks about their manager or leader or whatever. So I was like, okay, well, I'm going to just hand over the keys, the candy store to one person on my team. And it would be a different person each time. And I was like, okay, now you get to sit in the chair. You get to see and be from my perspective, you know, see from my perspective and, you know, try to manage and lead in that special way.

• 23:42Speaker 02

  And to me, it was always a, it was kind of a humbling experience, both for me, because they would take it on. And two, they would come back and ask all kinds of questions, right? And so it was a great training ground so they could understand how it is to sit in that seat and help the team in the way that a leader can by doing it themselves. And then all of a sudden, the tables turned and there was more empathy both ways to each other's responsibilities.

• 24:07Tim Ferriss?

  We're going to talk quite a bit about empathy in a number of different capacities. For instance, a good story being an act of empathy. And I do consider you a master storyteller. So we're going to come back to that, but I want to ask you a completely self-serving question first. Okay. So where, where I suppose the podcast in general is pretty self-serving because I enjoy doing it. But talking about like killing yourself for work. You have another chapter on breakpoint. I'd love to ask you a super specific question and it's related to burnout for employees who have many hats to wear. And I'll, I'll give you a very specific example.

• 24:45Tim Ferriss?

  So I have very small team and I'd just be curious to know how you might think through this or how you have seen it handled or handled it in the past. And I currently have two full-time employees. That's it. And that's for everything and that will probably expand in the near future. But I'm not quite clear how to properly expand it because I've got a lot of conflicting advice. So on one hand, I have someone who handles, say, the podcast and for lack of a better term editorial. They're like the general manager of these very specific roles that have very specific responsibilities. And there are a fair number of wins built into this for them. So they get a good amount of positive reinforcement.

• 25:27Tim Ferriss?

  And then the other employee is sort of executive assistant, chief of staff, probably in the future, more of chief of staff role. And they're handling so many different miscellaneous responsibilities that the potential for burnout seems to be quite high. And they also get, and I need to be better at doing this in person, of course, but they have fewer wins to chalk up that are obvious. That someone say on the editorial side would have, or in any of like maybe product management role where there are launches and so on. How have you handled this in the past for yourself, for someone who's in like a admin support kind of broad role?

• 26:11Tim Ferriss?

  Do you have any thoughts that you can share? You've had so many more reps than I have.

• 26:17Speaker 02

  Well, you know, small teams are challenging, right? As you say, there's you have to wear a lot of different hats. And we have a small team at Future Shape as well. And so we've been working that way for five, six years now. So we deal with the same things, similar things, at least with a small team. And I think it really boils down to, well, one is, as you say, the wins. Let's talk about the wins. Certain people have certain things that have big projects they produce or what have you, and they can feel that. For people who are kind of more the day to day, number one is typically when they're in those roles, they like those roles. That's what they want to be in. Okay, that's the first thing. So that's what they they naturally are accustomed to, and that's what they feel good at. The biggest one for me is just saying thank you a lot and acknowledging even the little stuff.

• 27:02Speaker 02

  Acknowledging that I know there's so many things, so many different hats you're wearing, what have you. Can I help with prioritization? Is there something we can prioritize? Is there something we can remove from that list, at least temporarily, to help you get through the day? Are there better tools we can get? Are there any other suggestions that you might have for us to upgrade our capabilities to allow you to have other superpowers so you can get more things done? Or the things that are just unnecessary? First, it's thanking for even the smallest stuff. And the second thing is really talking about tools, processes, prioritization of managing. And at some point, you have to add people. You don't want to add too many people, but you want to add in the right amount. And as you start, you as the leader, start to understand the prioritizations and what's falling off.

• 27:46Speaker 02

  Either one, they don't really need to be done, or they really need to be done, and you have to start bundling that into a new role. The other one is making sure that you're taking regular breaks because podcasting, as we know, is really time consuming. There's a lot happening all the time. And just shutting down for two weeks every so often, and everybody shuts down and they all go away. I've always wanted to do this thing where email clients, the sending of email and even the receive of email, would actually go offline. So it would just be bundled and buffered in the server, and it would only turn on for certain hours. I thought that was going to be a next generation kind of thing for companies to offer to their employees, which was really work time around the communications thing.

• 28:29Speaker 02

  And so if you can find a time to take everybody away from the day to day, that is another way to really reward the team and make sure that they actually have the time off as well.

• 28:41Tim Ferriss?

  If you don't mind, I'd love to just spend a few more minutes on this because I get asked all the time by friends of mine, people I'm sure we know in common also, I'm not going to call them out, who ask me for help with this because I have done a lot of experiments. But when you have had more than one person in a, let's just call support role, where they wear many hats, what type of division of labor have you found to work? This could be from 10 years ago, it could be today, but when people are really handling a lot of different tasks, and if a miscellaneous new task pops up, they tend to be the first person in line to handle that. What type of division of labor have you seen work or not work?

• 29:26Speaker 02

  It really boils down to the people, especially in the small teams, what your team likes. And so there is either time or task sharing, or there's time or task separation. There could be two in a box for handling all of your exec and all of these little things. And the two people really love working together, whoever they are, and they know how to self-manage between them. They look like one person, even though they're two people and they can manage around the clock, or you know, depending on when people are have personal time or what have you. So there's that kind of task sharing slash time sharing, that can work really well, but those people have to get along and they say they want to do that. Then there's the other one, which is task separation, which is really, there's

• 30:11Speaker 02

  your travel schedule, or there's your calendar, or there's doing briefs for, you know, a podcast, or finances, or reports, or whatever those are. And then just getting people into each of those things, and then making sure that, to me, I always try to make sure I have proactive people on the team when it's a small team, so that they're working together. And then I only insert when there's either prioritization thing, or a little process of who does what. Because I want them to self-manage. I've managed so many teams, I'd rather not manage people, to tell you the truth. I'd rather mentor and be there as an advice. But if you need me to manage, I'll happy to do it. But typically, the best people to manage, if they're proactive and they're, they're similar to our kind of character.

• 30:54Speaker 02

  They like to manage themselves and they like to manage between each other. And then I tell them, well, what do you want to do? Just tell me what you want to do. And if that works for you, and I think it'll work for me, then we go on and we try that. And then we modulate. So there's no real rules. It really boils down to the people, absolutely the people. And then when you get past, if you're one leader in a small team, you get past 12, 13 people, that's when the first breakpoint really starts to happen. Like you recognize in the book, there's those breakpoints at different team sizes. It becomes that where there's even more specialization and more management. If you want to just be a leader that's delegating to everyone and there's a chief of staff, well, that's a different story.

• 31:36Speaker 02

  But I like to keep it very flat, get everyone to learn how to work together, how to communicate together, read each other's tea leaves, if you know what I mean, and be proactive because they know, we know how to work. So that's my preference.

• 31:50Tim Ferriss?

  Thank you for spending some time on that.

• 31:51Speaker 02

  No problem. Hopefully it helps.

• 31:52Tim Ferriss?

  This is current. It is. Yeah, it is helpful and this is, this is very current for me.

• 31:57Speaker 02

  And write down, write down job descriptions, write down roles and tasks and be very, very specific on the things that they should be specific on and other things that are like, these are the general pool of things that we work on. And then it's a grab bag and you can give them out to people or they can just jump in and take them. But even though you might be small, write it down. Because once you write it down and you know this, it's visible and you go, wait a second, that seems too long. That's too many things they're doing. And then you can have a discussion and you know, we don't all ever want to add more people to the team because we think, you know, lean mean is better. But at some point, you're killing each other because you're trying to do too much. So either do less or you gotta add capabilities and hands to the situation.

• 32:42Tim Ferriss?

  I think that's sort of the decision, the point in the decision tree where I am right now. If I could use the word intuitively, the time sharing appeals to me because it implies that you have redundancy in so much as you have two people who can handle all of the respective buckets, kind of under their job description. I worry a little bit that if it was task separated, that there would be vying for more interesting or less interesting, or if there were some overflow, if someone were handling, say, finance and investments and kind of more technical stuff, that if they were asked to do personal, they might bulk, for instance, like in a very small team.

• 33:25Speaker 02

  We also move the tasks around. We also move the tasks around. So not everyone's doing the same thing each half year.

• 33:31Tim Ferriss?

  Oh, that's a great idea.

• 33:31Speaker 02

  So you can move it around because you want everyone to learn each of the different things and you just...

• 33:36Tim Ferriss?

  That's a great point.

• 33:38Speaker 02

  That keeps it interesting for everyone as opposed to you get locked in the rut. Because I don't know how much you want to grow your business, your platform, right? And for us, I've been very clear is I don't want to add anymore. We already have too much to do. And to add more people is just going to be more things on my head than everyone else's head. We're like, no, we're going to just stay small because we can be. We don't have any business goals to grow beyond that. So the other thing is not just your team, but understand what you need, what you want. What are your goals as the leader for your, what you're trying to do? You know, you can be everything if you want to be, but then that comes with all kinds of other resources you need to add in. And just be really cognizant. If you love your life and everything's working, just because somebody else has got, oh, well,

• 34:23Speaker 02

  they have more followers, or they have three houses and, you know, whatever. What is meaningful for you and what's meaningful for your team to really be doing? And is everyone financially taken care of? Start there. Don't think about, oh, I want to conquer the world. Maybe you do. But a lot of people don't. You're very successful as you are. How much more? I don't know. That's for you to answer.

• 34:45Tim Ferriss?

  Yeah, I mostly just want to hike in the woods with my dog and barbecue with my girlfriends.

• 34:50Speaker 02

  Ta-da. Well, then, maybe you got to do just slightly less. Or add one person, you know, or a half person.

• 35:03Tim Ferriss?

  Just a quick thanks to one of our sponsors and we'll be right back to the show. This episode is brought to you by LinkedIn Marketing Solutions. Time and place are everything with so many things, and especially this is true in marketing. But in today's age of a million messages per minute, I've seen my phone, have you? And seemingly not enough hours in the day, how do you really catch your target audience's attention? Fortunately, there's a simple way. LinkedIn can help you speak to the right people at the right time. With LinkedIn becoming number one in B2B display advertising in the US, you've got a great advantage right in front of you. You can stand out against your competitors while nurturing customer relationships and growing your brand. LinkedIn delivers you both quantity and quality. Its targeting tools allow you to reach your precise audience down to their job title,

• 35:48Tim Ferriss?

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• 36:20Tim Ferriss?

  I think you and I have a number of converging interests we're going to talk about a little bit later. Let me ask you, with Future Shape, what does the headcount and org chart look like within Future Shape? Since you've had the opportunity to kind of design many different teams, what does Future Shape look like?

• 36:39Speaker 02

  Future Shape, depending on how you count, is around nine people. When you factor in all of the accounting and all the other pieces, about nine to 10 people. And they're both on the West Coast and also here in France. So, we have them both sides. But truthfully, Future Shape is a set of individuals. I might be a leader, in a way, but everyone on the team is a leader for the expertise they bring. And so, it's all proactive. We're all friends. We all want to help each other. We're here for a mission. And so, we want to keep it flat, lean, and mean because the reason why, at least I am and a couple of other people are on the team is...

• 37:22Speaker 02

  We don't need to work in a corporation. We don't need to work in something much more highly structured. We are professional adults. We know how to work together and we just want to do really great stuff within reason while having great lives. Obviously, there's peaks and valleys and all that stuff. But now with the book, it's very peaky right now.

• 37:46Speaker 02

  I do know that feeling. Yeah, people are burning the Minotaur now. But typically, it's not like that. And we try to make sure it isn't like that. Even though we have two different time zones, we're very respectful on each other's time zones, even when we're traveling, these kinds of things. So the nice thing is because we have two, the teams on both sides of the Atlantic, there's only windows of time when we can each be working together, if you know what I mean. And so it's a great self-limiting function. So I find these kinds of things really interesting. The other self-limiter is, because we're an investor, we're limited by only our family funds. We don't have LPs, so we're not always chasing the next billion-dollar fund or two billion-dollar fund. So we also have an internal pressure there, which is,

• 38:29Speaker 02

  we're only going to be doing our capital. We have to manage this portfolio. So we try to make sure we have constraints on our time, on our resources, such that it doesn't allow us to grow too big. So it's like the fish in aquarium. It grows to the size of the aquarium's size or the fishbowl size. So I try to make sure we put those constraints on it, team size, how much we're doing, those kinds of stuff, to make sure we don't spill over. And if we do spill over, then we just say, okay, we're going to do less. You know, it's hard. You always want to do more because you see lots of interesting things. You see a lot of incredible teams, but you can't do it all. And you have to say no. I think we discussed that on our last podcast, is saying no a lot. And so really, what's your

• 39:11Speaker 02

  mission? What are your goals, personal and also the team goals? And make sure it's all aligned.

• 39:18Tim Ferriss?

  Could you mention, just describe in brief, the mission of Future Shape? And then, if you're open to it, would you mind describing the set meetings that you have? In terms of whether it's one-on-ones or all-team meetings? Like what the cadence of set meetings looks like?

• 39:40Speaker 02

  Our heartbeats.

• 39:40Tim Ferriss?

  If they exist.

• 39:42Speaker 02

  So that's a, that's a chapter in the book, Heartbeats. So for our team, again, we are mentors. We call ourselves mentors with money.

• 39:50Speaker 02

  We're not a VC who takes third-party money and invests it on behalf and have to worry about returns for LPs or limited partners. We're not philanthropic, so we're not just giving away money either. Sometimes it feels like that because, you know, we do have failures and stuff like that. You know, we still have a portfolio that between 70 and 80% of the portfolio will be a failure or a push, you know, in terms of like the financial outcome, but the other 20% or 25% could be really, you know, dramatic. So that's kind of the framing of where we're at. But to talk about what we're really passionate about, our mission. Our mission is to deploy our network, our expertise into these companies doing really

• 40:34Speaker 02

  hard disruptive, typically deep technology companies who can be disruptive to a given industry. And that is either in the environment, it's either societal issues, problems we want to solve, or health issues. So really, the planet, society, or health, individual health. So that's what we're focused on and we get to work with some of the best entrepreneurs on the planet trying to help in a big way. We don't invest in sales technology or media technology, gaming, we don't do that, marketing or ad technology. We care about doing the things most investors will shy away from.

• 41:17Speaker 02

  Things that are not in vogue, things that are not like we hear about metaverse or whatever, that kind of stuff. No, we don't play those trends. Typically, we're pre-trend. So before the trend happens, we're early and like we've been doing the climate investing for a while now. And It was crickets. People are like, you guys are crazy. What are you investing in this stuff? We had 2008 with the green tech implosion. It's never going to turn. Why are you spending all this time, Tony? Covid hits, then all of a sudden, people start changing their priorities. Whether that's the investment people themselves or their limited partners and family offices are starting going, well, what do we have in climate change? What's out there? And now they're starting to call me. They're going, wait a second, you've been in this in a while. What are you working on?

• 42:02Speaker 02

  What are the cool companies? What should we be investing in? So typically, we are ahead of the curve. It can be lonely at times, but now it's finally hitting in many of our different aspects of what we invest in. And it's like, okay, finally, it was right place, right time. But you know, there are years when you're sitting there, navel gazing going, is this going to go? Is this just a pipe dream? We know that there are problems. When is the world going to wake up to them? Because we're solving pains. We're not just doing things frivolously and doing fun things. We think we're doing very important things. And that's what drives our team. That's what drives us. Now, as far as how we work our, our day to day, we were virtual well before Covid. Okay, we are a virtual team. We have, you know, we're even more virtual now, but before Covid, we're virtual.

• 42:46Speaker 02

  We have one physical office. Now, we had two physical offices, but even then, we were virtual. So when Covid hit, we all said, what do we do? We were like, well, what we've been doing for the last two years. So that went really well. So we're always on, you know, we're always on the messaging apps going back and forth. But we have regularly, either we, every week or every other week, all team meeting. Just an all team meeting. We go down, here's our work list. Here's what's going on. Funny stories, just kind of, um, keeping, you know, that team esprit de corps alive and, and going. It's very operational, you know, all the fun stuff happens in our group chats, where we're sending each other posts about this or funny stories or what have you.

• 43:29Speaker 02

  We're probably talking to each other almost every day, one on one or one on two or something like that. Or we have conference calls with our portfolio companies who are mentoring or CEOs or what have you. So we get to pick and choose our schedules. And so that's really unlike a lot of other companies, you know, and other businesses. We're in a, in a special space. So we try to make sure our lives and our mission are paramount in the work that we do.

• 43:55Tim Ferriss?

  This is going to be maybe a mundane tactical question, but I know companies that use Slack, I know companies that use many different tools. Most recently, some have started using Telegram. What do you use for group chat?

• 44:06Speaker 02

  Interestingly enough, we go between WhatsApp and we go between, of all things, Skype.

• 44:12Tim Ferriss?

  No kidding? Why? Okay, tell me more.

• 44:14Speaker 02

  Well, we started on Skype years ago before all of this other stuff, and it works. Maybe not the most modern, but it works. We have had more or less less issues with that group chat than anything else, you know? I don't know why. Maybe we also have less noise in it because very few people use Skype. So it's kind of like our own messaging client without all of our friends and family in it. Because if you're on WhatsApp, I got friends, family, I got all kinds of crazy. Very few people use Skype. So we get, it's kind of our own messaging app that's all our own thing, you know? It's kind of like a Slack channel without being a channel. So we were pre-Slack.

• 44:50Tim Ferriss?

  Christine, uncluttered. So let me ask you about something I know absolutely nothing about, but I would love to hear you expand, or just explain what it is if you're able to take a minute, and that is programmable electrification. So I've read this is something that you have been interested in, at least as recently as 2020. I don't know if that has changed, but could you speak to what that is and some of the areas that you're focused on, if you're open to mentioning them, that are pre-trend?

• 45:22Speaker 02

  Sure. I think programmable electrification, or truly the electrification of everything, which also includes the wireless of everything. If you go all the way from the place where you first start where energy is produced or created, and it goes through the transmission lines or wherever it is, and then where it's consumed, there's all kinds of things, the same thing goes with wireless. There's all kinds of things in the middle or at the ends that are consuming, generating inefficiencies and that stuff. So we look across these entire value chains and these systems, and we look at fundamental things that need to change

• 46:03Speaker 02

  in those systems to be able to make them more efficient. So today, you know, this is an electrical industry, but all energy in the world today. That is created 60% of that, 60, is lost in inefficiencies. It doesn't even do work. So just imagine what our climate crisis would be if we just saved that energy. Okay, if we saved even half of that 60%, like 30%, we could still live the life we're leading without all of the problems we have because we're just throwing it away. We're just being wasteful, you know, you know, when you've seen people with, to me, waste is horrid. I, I abhor waste, I loathe waste.

• 46:47Speaker 02

  When I go to the, the trash can each day, I'm like, okay, this is organic. I know where that could go, but where is this thing going? Where is that thing going? And it drives me nuts. And so when I see something like 60% of energy goes away in losses, I'm like, where can we go target that? So one thing in this is better motors, electric motors. And that's from not just cars, but all the way to electric appliances. Everything that uses motors, manufacturing, so many things use motors. And we're throwing away tons and some fans on your ceiling, tons and tons of energy there. So one company that we invest in is Turntide. And we'd been there well before they, before they were named Turntide. The, we, we've been in, I don't know, six, seven, eight years now.

• 47:32Speaker 02

  They're making a next generation motor. And that motor can be much more efficient, like 10%, 15% more percent efficient. But it uses fundamentally new software and hardware technology and gets rid of rare earth magnets, all the things that we keep talking about with supply chain. So it's a very, very different motor, much higher efficiency, slightly higher cost in certain regards, but that'll come down over time. But it's such a dramatic reinvention of the motor that we had to be in it. Because energy losses in motors is just very high and they're used everywhere. So let's go after that. Another company that we're in is called Menlo Micro. Menlo Micro is all about the distribution of electricity from place to place. Today, we have things that are called relays.

• 48:17Speaker 02

  You've probably heard of them, you've probably heard them, click, click, click, click, and thermostats and various appliances or whatever. Those have not been innovated since the 1880s, I think it was, or 1850s. Electromagnetic relays and silicon state relays, solid state relays, have really not been innovated. They're the same thing, but they have all kinds of inefficiencies or reliability problems. There's been no moment, the same as like when the vacuum tube became a transistor and all of a sudden, all of these things changed in the world. So that vacuum tube to transistor moment is now about to happen in relays. And it's happening by Menlo Micro. And so it's these little MEMS switches, they're silicon switches, and they switch very fast, very reliably, billions of times,

• 49:00Speaker 02

  and can replace all of these old technologies. 20 billion or more are sold a year today. And with this, we can get much better energy efficiency in getting it out of the transmission lines, out of the problems in the cars, in all the traffic signals in the world, in your, in how you do your lighting in your houses, or dimming, or fans, and all those kinds of things. So that's another example of this kind of getting into the electricity system and trying to find those inefficiencies and get rid of that waste. And so to me, this is incredibly beneficial. It's so much so that like Menlo has an incredibly long set of customers because these engineers have been working for years with this antiquated technology.

• 49:44Speaker 02

  Now all of a sudden, they said, finally, the Holy Grail, and they're diving in. And to give one example, the country of India,

• 49:53Speaker 02

  8% of all their electricity today is used by ceiling fans in homes. 8% of energy consumption, ceiling fans, yes. If you put our one switch in, just in the wall switch, we can save 50% of that. So we can go down from 8% of the country's energy consumption down to 4%.

• 50:19Speaker 02

  Just because they're waste, it turns into heat. This one little switch that's not very expensive at all. You're like, oh, my God, what other things can we do like that with all kinds of other countries who have these kinds of, we all have the inefficiencies. It's not just India, it's the US, it's Europe, it's everywhere. What else can we do when we have these fundamentally new things that are not cool and of the moment like a metaverse or NFT or something? This is the stuff that matters. That's why we get up every day and go to work and have a great time with this kind of mission, finding these people doing these kinds of things that are, take six, seven, eight, 10 years to actually realize, but once they're there, they're transformative everywhere in the world.

• 51:00Tim Ferriss?

  Let's return to storytelling. We've been listening to storytelling from start to finish, but I want to read a truncated two sentences from the book. And there's more to, of course, this entire chapter, but the story doesn't exist to sell your product. It's there to help you define it. There's more on that second sentence, but could you elaborate on this place? Cause I think this is a really fascinating and deeply important point. So the story doesn't exist to sell your product, right? Cause a lot of people make something and they're like, all right, what yarn do we spin? What do we pitch? How do we angle this properly so we can sell it? But if we then reframe it, it's there to help you define it. That is the product. What does that mean? And could you give an example?

• 51:45Speaker 02

  You hit it right on the nose here. So what I grew up learning, which you just mentioned, is that you create something you really think is meaningful. And then you, at the end, you go, we're going to market it now and we're going to tell a story about it and hopefully that story resonates. And hopefully it relates to the product. You're, you're actually delivering what the product can deliver, right? And you're like, okay. If you actually move that story to the front while you're concepting, whatever it is you're trying to build, trying to create. When you actually create that story, as you know, you have to understand your audience. You have to understand why they're tuning in, what their problems are, how you can solve them, and how you make it easy for them to listen in and learn,

• 52:30Speaker 02

  right? And hopefully, some tools so they can apply it in their day-to-day life after they get done, so that it's kind of almost like a loyalty thing. They're like, "Oh, he did all these great things for me. I want to listen more." So it's not just a one-time thing, but it's a relationship that you're building, even though it might have started out as a transaction. So how do we tell that story? What are the pains you're solving? Why does it matter? Why does it matter to the individual? Why does it matter maybe to their family? Why does it matter to their society, or where they live? How is it going to help them both rationally and emotionally? In other words, is it about money savings? Is it about some time savings? What's the rational part of the story? What's the emotional part of the story? To say, "Oh, that is so cool.

• 53:15Speaker 02

  I want to get off my butt and actually make that transaction happen because I really believe in, you know, I believe in the rational part." So you need to have this incredible balance of understanding your audience, understanding all of these variables, and you need to write them down before you embark. Now, it doesn't mean on the creative journey, but it does help to guide you, so you don't get off track and you just start building things that resonate with you, but don't resonate with anyone else. General Magic was a perfect example of that. General Magic, we were making all the things that we thought were cool, because we knew though those problems would exist sometime in the future, we're going to make all of this technology in service of what we think is the coolest

• 53:56Speaker 02

  thing, but we really didn't have a great idea of who we are targeting, why we're targeting, was society ready for it, what were the both rational and emotional reasons for buying it, all those things. And that's why General Magic failed, because the technology wasn't even ready yet, but the market was so far from being ready, even if the technology was close.

• 54:16Tim Ferriss?

  So there seems to be a threading the needle here that you have accomplished quite a few times, not just in building, but also in investing, where, and this is going to sound like a strange comparison, but- I was reading a book called Of Wolves and Men by Barry Lopez, one of my favorite nonfiction books, going to redefine the genre of nature writing and what it could be, just in terms of complexity and nuance and beautiful prose. And he talks about, gave several examples of wolf packs that would set off in a very particular direction at like high speed or with with great intent, and then intervene with a migrating caribou herd like four days

• 54:58Tim Ferriss?

  later. So they weren't following the action where the puck would be in an obvious way two seconds. Hence, they were actually converging with the caribou. In this case, I'm using it as a clumsy metaphor for sort of customer and customer demand, right? Because you're talking about the investments you're making in the electrification of everything and the motors, where it's sort of a seven to 10 year time horizon. The problem is known. And I would love to know of another example, if you could give another example of using the story to help you define the product. And I mean, one example that jumps to mind,

• 55:37Tim Ferriss?

  and you could use another one, that I also had never been exposed to, was Steve Jobs' presentation for the launch of the iPhone and how people, this is directly from your book, were saying, oh, my God, it's so amazing. He has no notes. And your point was, yeah, of course, he has no notes, because he has been honing that with every person he met, kind of like, you know, Jamie Foxx working on stand up material for the last several years.

• 56:02Speaker 02

  Exactly.

• 56:03Tim Ferriss?

  Of course, he has it dialed.

• 56:04Speaker 02

  Exactly.

• 56:04Tim Ferriss?

  Could you speak to that or any other examples that come to mind?

• 56:07Speaker 02

  Well, first, let's just talk about, you know, the example, which is this book. So we went through those same tools. Who are the audience? What are we trying to solve? What's the right form factor for them? How is doing micro chapters versus full chapters? How much is story? How much is advice? How much is just kind of giving more tools? It's trying to find all those balances. So if you look at the tools that are in the book, we actually filled those out. And we gave the press release for the book for telling that brief story upfront. Here's what the book's about. And we did the raw ones, not today, but the raw ones when we started to help us form the mindset so it could help us. Make sure we stay on track. You know, we could write the book, read the press release

• 56:49Speaker 02

  or some read some of the tools, go back and we could then obviously change the tools if necessary, but we would go back and forth and iterate to make sure we're staying on track.

• 56:57Tim Ferriss?

  So just for clarity with the people listening, so you wrote the press release for the book before setting kind of proverbial pen to paper to write the book.

• 57:06Speaker 02

  Correct.

• 57:06Tim Ferriss?

  Just to be.

• 57:06Speaker 02

  Absolutely.

• 57:07Tim Ferriss?

  Yeah.

• 57:08Speaker 02

  Absolutely. Now, there might have been ideas on a outline, right? Like we had an outline in terms of a spreadsheet of here's the different things I want to talk about. But it was more like, okay, what is this? What are these ideas going to form into? And that's when the press release happened. And that was the same thing that we would share with the publishers, possible publishers who were bidding on the book going, this is what it would look like. So we had to use that same thing to communicate to people who wanted to buy the book because they're a customer too. Well, what is this thing you're building? And we hadn't even put maybe a page, a page and a half of some prose down. It was literally that blank sheet of paper, but with a great idea that was encapsulated in a, I think it was one page or one and a half page press release and it's part of the book. It's actually in the book.

• 57:53Tim Ferriss?

  Oh, I missed it. Okay. Can you give us, is there anything that jumps to mind that really stood out to you or just that comes to mind now from that press release? Does anything come to mind that was particularly important later, kind of in the execution of the book?

• 58:10Speaker 02

  I think one of the things was mentoring a box was really trying to make sure that we spent more time in advice. There are so many stories we could tell, right? And there's so many things that people want to hear more and more stories, but we want to make sure that there was takeaway usable advice. And the reason being is so many people are so busy these days that any great leader, entrepreneur, even somebody in their career, if you want to read and get in depth. They're gonna have to read 40 books on all these different topics, summarize them for themselves and then kind of, you know, figure it out. Well, we want to be the exact opposite. That's why we call it encyclopedia. Go learn about all these different topics and hear some suggestions of other books. So you can go in further if you need them.

• 58:55Speaker 02

  So it was really trying to be a mentor, not a storytelling biography, what have you. We had to trim a lot of stuff out because that just, we wanted to be takeaway, you know, quick takeaways, advice, real usable advice. And we wanted to be easily digestible. So as you know, in the book, it's not really a, you could read it literally if you want, but it's really dive into one chapter, dive into one micro chapter, another micro chapter to pull out what you wanted. And the format is even, you know, as you know, there's a summary at the beginning and then we tell the stories. If that summary hooks you, then you're going to probably want to hear the stories and the practical details behind them. And so all of that stuff came specifically out of that press release

• 59:39Speaker 02

  and the tools we used in the book to make sure we stayed on track because we wanted to make sure it was accessible to any age, high school and above. Let's talk about, you wanted to know more about, I think you said about Steve?

• 59:52Tim Ferriss?

  I just brought up Steve as a possible segue into an example, which you gave of the book of the story, so to speak, that people thought was developed for the presentation, having been worked on forever. Right? It had actually been refined over such a long period of time.

• 1:00:10Speaker 02

  And that's where I got my whole learnings, to tell you the truth, about doing this stuff upfront. And Steve didn't have the same, we're writing the press release upfront. But what he would do is in his mind, he would start nailing the top parameters of story. What are the problems we're trying to solve? Who are we talking to? How are we going to solve them? Why are we solving them? And he would then use that message and talk to his, either us as the team or to his trusted people around him, his friends or whatever, and give this pitch. Daily and he would be refining it and refining it and refining it. So when it came time at the, the presentation, it was just natural. And guess what?

• 1:00:53Speaker 02

  The product met those things because maybe we had to make some changes to the product over time. Cause of, you know, during the development, because we couldn't get the right technology or who knows what, it can't get done in time, schedule issues. So he would keep modifying that and making sure it's a crystalline little gem that made sure it solved the problems that we were trying to solve. Cause a lot of times you get into schedule issues or whatever. Should we delay the project? Should we just throw this feature off board? Should we not do this, what have you? And that press release or his story were those guiding things to go, no, this is so important. Cause I talk about all the time, we cannot lose this. So that means we'll have to push it back maybe in the schedule to make sure we get this. As opposed to just throwing things out just to make a date.

• 1:01:38Speaker 02

  And your story erodes, it falls flat when it shows up.

• 1:01:44Tim Ferriss?

  Yeah, you lose the load star. And if you're getting that sympathetic resonance with your audience per se, because you've refined this thing so well, using that as the, the true north of sorts for all of these decisions. Let's do a hard left here for a second and talk about assholes. So you have a chapter on assholes. And I think the opening line under the summary is plenty of people think I'm an asshole. So could you, uh, and maybe a way to approach this is just to ask you what the right breed of asshole is and not, not all assholes are created equal. So we don't have to go through all of the, the variations, the different species that you spec out. We could, but why have plenty of people thought that you're an asshole?

• 1:02:28Tim Ferriss?

  And how would you kind of delineate acceptable versus unacceptable assholes?

• 1:02:34Speaker 02

  So this was a chapter that was very hard to write. It took seven or eight full rewrites to get there. And it was very cathartic. The reason being is that in my heart of hearts, I know who I am. And I've had, you know, significant people tell me, I really try not to be an asshole. Okay. But there are certain things that are core to me, whether that's ethics, morals, values, or certain product features that need to happen. And they have to happen with a certain quality level, certain customer experience, or certain technologies that need to exist.

• 1:03:14Speaker 02

  And you push, and you push, and you push because you're trying to deliver for the customer. So there are these assholes, and you know, even people have called Steve that too, right? People have all said, oh. The question is, is motivation. What is motivating that? And when I mean behavior, I mean like pushing people. I'm not saying offending people. I'm not saying degrading people. I'm not saying you're worthless. That should never be allowed. Period. No bullying, that, none of that should be allowed. But challenging people, pushing them to be better, pushing themselves to be better, the team to be better, making the product better, that does not make an asshole. That makes somebody who cares.

• 1:03:55Speaker 02

  And I care so much that it may come off as an asshole, but it's just that passion and that caring that matters because it's all in service of the customer and the team slash company slash mission. A lot of times when you see assholes, it's about them, their ego and their self-centeredness. So really you have to understand why assholes who might feel that way, you know, and the knee jerk reaction, oh, he's an asshole. He's just always on my back. He's da, da, da, da, da. Well, are they literally degrading you? Are they making you feel less? Are they pushing you down so they feel better? That is definitely an asshole. If they're there to push the details, to really make sure everybody's doing their

• 1:04:38Speaker 02

  best without insulting them, without just horrible behavior, but making people go white and asking why five times. Why is, why can't we do this? Why can't we do this? Why can't we do this? To me, that is. Is, as we say, a passionate hurricane in the book. Somebody who people don't always like to work with at the time, but usually years, weeks, months, years later, they go, my God, that was an amazing experience. And yes, it sucked. And yes, it was hard. But I did the best work I possibly could, and it was in service of our mission. That's what matters. And so you have to really delineate the two, even though there are characteristics that might be shared or ways that you react,

• 1:05:21Speaker 02

  the person who's on the other side react to it, be like, oh, you know, they're defensive or they're worried about their ego or they're getting bruised. If it's about the work and it's about the mission, not about the person, then that's really the delineation there.

• 1:05:36Tim Ferriss?

  For those people wondering where I pulled out the opening salvo in, in the office with HR at the beginning of our conversation, that was from that chapter. So you also give practical advice on how to deal with sort of political assholes with Machiavellian techniques.

• 1:05:52Speaker 02

  You know, sometimes they don't always work, you know, but you can try, you have to try. Cause sometimes people are just having a bad day or sometimes they're just scared and you just gotta build a relationship with them. But sometimes it isn't the case and sometimes you just have to get away if no one can help you.

• 1:06:09Tim Ferriss?

  Yeah, sometimes the answer is quitting.

• 1:06:11Speaker 02

  Exactly.

• 1:06:12Tim Ferriss?

  Last time we spoke, we spent quite a bit of time talking about plastics. Is this something that you have continued to focus on? I'm wondering if you've had any particular insights related to that discoveries? Or if you have maybe segued from that to other angles on the same or related problems?

• 1:06:32Speaker 02

  Plastic is still forefront of my mind. I continue to work on it. It is not going away. Until the plastic problem has been mainly solved, I'm not going to stop. All right. But in the meantime, in the last three years or so, two and a half years since we last spoke, you know, there's been a lot happening, which is a great way. So I'll give you some examples right here. I don't know if you can see this, but if you know that logo, that's a Chanel logo.

• 1:06:57Tim Ferriss?

  Okay.

• 1:06:58Speaker 02

  And that's a cap.

• 1:06:59Tim Ferriss?

  Okay, I see it.

• 1:06:59Speaker 02

  Yeah, I see. It's hard to see with the black background, but.

• 1:07:02Tim Ferriss?

  Got it. It looks like, yes, if people are on audio, it looks almost like a, if you're old enough to know what the hell a film canister is.

• 1:07:07Speaker 02

  Yeah, it's just a cap for a perfume bottle, but it has a Chanel logo on it. And then this. That's a plastic cup, you know, it's just a regular plastic cup. I have a whole box of all kinds of things. I won't bring them out. But this is a company in the Nordics that makes, these are full home compostable plastics. So they're taking biomaterials and creating fully home compostable plastics to the, the level of quality for someone like a Chanel or a luxury brand. And you can go all the way to day-to-day kinds of things. If we ever lose it in the environment or whatever, it will actually get eaten by the microbes in, in the soil and it will disappear if you can throw it in a compost pile.

• 1:07:50Speaker 02

  This stuff is real. It's now in production. And this wasn't necessarily there just two or three years ago. And it's gotten better and better and better. So those are the kind of companies we're looking at. That said, we're also, I have, you know, a couple of companies that I've been working on a trash to treasure. What other things can we take as trash and turn them into treasure? So traditional plastics, how can we turn those into treasure? I can't talk about it right now, but we're going to have a very exciting thing to talk about in, in nine months' time, probably in a big, big way. But that's been something that I've been working on. I've been looking at e-waste and how do we extract all the minerals and the elements out of the gold and palladium and silver and all these things out of e-waste and other waste streams in general?

• 1:08:35Speaker 02

  Because why go dig up more of the earth?

• 1:08:37Tim Ferriss?

  E-waste meaning devices.

• 1:08:38Speaker 02

  Yeah, e-waste being, yeah, all of our phones, our computers, our TVs, what have you. All those elements have been already extracted from the earth. Let's just reuse them. So a lot of this stuff is about reuse and trying to take today's trash and turning it into treasure. So plastic is a big one, but that's not the only one that we're looking at because we think it's an underserved category, tip of the spear. Some people are looking at it now, battery recyclers are getting into the act, like redwood materials, those kinds of things. There's going to be much more of this over time because it's so much cheaper to extract from a waste stream than it is to extract from the planet and better for the environment.

• 1:09:17Tim Ferriss?

  You have a small team. I'm sure very capable, hyper capable people. You have a small team within the, say, scope of, let's just call it, climate solutions or technologies that are both attractive in and of their own right for various reasons, but have some, let's just call it beneficial impact on the circumstances we find ourselves in. How do you apply constraints to that? So you have positive constraints that you've applied elsewhere in the company in terms of total headcount and various other ways that you've applied constraints. How do you choose your targets and make sure that you have a focus? How do you eliminate things?

• 1:09:58Speaker 02

  Well, first is it's a wide funnel. So it really is based on, do they have a cool mission? Are we curious about the technology? Is this something that's important? Is this a really big market or a really big problem? That is solving something for, let's say, the climate crisis. And it could be anything. So it's not just materials or just petrochemicals or carbon capture. We look across everything because frankly, at the end of the day, the reason why we do this is because we love to learn. And you've got to really understand the systems thinking as opposed to just one thing, if you're really going to solve the problems we have. So we like to look broad, very broad, both from a technology perspective, value change perspective, as well as regional perspective or country based.

• 1:10:39Speaker 02

  So we look at all this and that's just how many cycles we have to learn and how many people bring us interesting ideas. So that's kind of the top of the funnel. But as we narrow down, there's a few things. One is can this be deployed en masse in the next 10 years? And is it going to be disruptive? Is it going to be like we talked about that? The switch from the vacuum tube to the transistor, but this electrical distribution MEM switch.

• 1:11:08Speaker 02

  It is can be applied to so many things along the way and it's so disruptive. We're like that needs to exist when it's disruptive and not just evolutionary, but it's going to change the players on top. It's going to change the products fundamentally. It's going to bring a win, win, win for the environment as well as the customers and the end customers as well as the manufacturers. That's when we see big gains like we were talking about the motors as well. So we want something with disruptive wide impact because that's what it's going to take to help fix this planet. We can't just have little, there's no silver bullet for this. We've created so many different systems over the last 150 years, almost all of them having been thought about in a circular fashion, you know, and how to get the trash or how

• 1:11:53Speaker 02

  to make it more efficient. It's just like, oh, it works, but it works for that business, not for the planet for us as a society. So those are the kind of things that we really look to, and that's how we narrow that funnel. So that's the first thing is does the technology, is it disruptive? Is it close to being marketable? You know, is it close to being a product? The third thing is, and this is one of the most important things that we've learned across all of our portfolios. Is there a way that we can quickly scale? We have to reboot the planet. This is not just, oh, we gotta go do one industry in this one state or some in this country. We're talking about when we say plastic problem, it's around the world. When we talk about energy inefficiency, it's around the world. So if you have something, we want to see the disruptive technology.

• 1:12:38Speaker 02

  It meets a lot of needs and can be out of the lab and into people's lives within 10 years in a mass scale. And do you have the technology for scale? In other words, we don't want to just hear about your one factory. What is your scale plan for making a hundred of these factories? So we can quickly deploy them around the world. How can we get this stuff moved quickly to every corner of the planet? Cause we all have these problems. So I think those are the three fundamental things that helped us to narrow that funnel down. And then there's obviously the financial terms and if we can help and, you know, all the other stuff, but the big, the broad strokes are really those three things.

• 1:13:17Tim Ferriss?

  All right, so I'm gonna dig a little deeper on this, and I just want to mention briefly, and I can never pronounce his last name, maybe you can get it right, but rather than butcher it, Chamath, most people know who I'm talking about when I say Chamath.

• 1:13:29Speaker 02

  Sure, Chamath, yeah.

• 1:13:30Tim Ferriss?

  Has said, you know, the first trillionaire in the world is someone who's going to fix climate change or greatly contribute to climate change. I do think, having just watched kind of the sea change in the last few years, there's some really, some tremendous, tremendous opportunities for just, let's just call it cold-blooded capitalists who want a great return on investment.

• 1:13:48Speaker 02

  Sure.

• 1:13:49Tim Ferriss?

  There are many technologies and solutions being developed now that if we're talking about direct-to-consumer or products that consumers use, that consumers will choose over alternatives. So I think it's become really exciting on the playing field. Now, there are certain things that I would say are, seem obvious and get discussed a lot. So let's just say adoption of solar, maybe subsidies from the government such that we have less dependence on fossil fuels and foreign, especially foreign, energy. But I had never realized, as you described, that so much energy was lost just due to inefficiencies from point A to sort of point Z. What are some of the uncrowded or underestimated targets,

• 1:14:33Tim Ferriss?

  let's just say, or areas related to climate change that you think people should pay more attention to?

• 1:14:39Speaker 02

  There is what you can do personally, and there's what it can be done professionally. And if we look at, you know, obviously there's EVs and doing the right thing there, and doing the recycling and composting and all the right stuff at home and not, you know, reuse, don't buy all new. So there's all those kinds of consumer-facing things that need to happen. But it's really incumbent on the innovators, the companies, the individuals in the world, to bring new solutions to consumers, or change out the system without the customers even knowing, to make things more efficient. Because customers don't know that 60% of all the energy created in the world's lost. What can they do about it? It just shows up. So we have to go and reboot our infrastructure in some ways. And so, in many ways, in almost

• 1:15:23Speaker 02

  every way. And so, there's one for me, you know, that we're now finally getting into, which is the hydrogen economy. So if we think about all these different chemicals that we use today, come out of petroleum, okay, they come out from sucking something out of the ground and then refining it, what have you, plastics is one of them. We can move to hydrogen-based economy to create all of those products. We can create them more quickly with no or little CO2, get the similar products out and they're actually more profitable to be made for the companies themselves. So there's all of these things around hydrogen, like let's give you fertilizer.

• 1:16:07Speaker 02

  Okay, doesn't sound sexy, but we need a lot of fertilizer in this world. Now, there's other ways of tackling that too, but fertilizer is a huge one. Concrete is another one. Steel. Concrete's huge, yeah. Steel, another one. Thermal, just creating thermals like high-temperature steam and those kinds of things for different industrial processes. Today, we burn coal, natural gas or whatever. We could do it with hydrogen or we can do it with electricity. That whole area is unloved. People are starting to work on it. They're starting to make inroads there, but we need a lot more work on those things. It's not just electric cars. It's not just the things that you hear about in the press every day. So I think that we need to be really thinking about the hydrogen economy and

• 1:16:52Speaker 02

  to a certain extent, the biomass economy, because we can actually turn a lot of the things we use today, like let's say jet fuel, those can come from bio sources, trash sources, not edible sources, but really trash or waste and turn those into things that can stay carbon neutral. It's not a perfect solution because we're using things on the, on the ground, on the planet, right? Biomass, but it's just sitting there and it's going to turn into, you know, CO2 or methane. We could put it back in and use those things now. And we have lots of technologies to do that. So I think hydrogen economy, biomass economy, not chopping down trees and just lighting up smoke. That's not what I'm talking about here. I'm saying transforming it into chemicals and raw materials so that they can be used,

• 1:17:37Speaker 02

  not just burning wood, which we see a lot of people fudging that they say that's clean energy. It's not.

• 1:17:45Tim Ferriss?

  Let's return to a term that you used earlier that I would love to hear you speak about just a little bit, carbon removal. So I've become very interested in the last six to 12 months in different means of carbon removal. So not credit, carbon credits, not offsets, but actual carbon removal. I've looked very closely at what Stripe has done, which I think is really innovative and inspiring. And I would love to know if you have any general thoughts about carbon removal, if any particular approaches or companies you find particularly interesting, any comments or thoughts at all on carbon removal?

• 1:18:25Speaker 02

  There's carbon removal from the air. And we see Climeworks and we see other people trying to put up these big factories, so to speak, to suck in air and take out CO2. That may or may not scale. I don't know enough about that. I always, I always like to go to where the source of the problem is, as opposed to fixing the problem to allow other people. So that's where they're at. I don't know if that's going to be great. I hope it is. We need, we need lots of solutions. There's not one, again, not one silver bullet. So I hope they're very successful and the competition around that's successful. But there's another one, which is taking the carbon that's already locked into plants and turning that into something that stays locked into biomass. In other words, you know, how do we take

• 1:19:09Speaker 02

  the oil that we pumped up or coal and how do we put it back in the ground and leave it in the ground, just like we're just storing it again, not as gas or whatever. And I look at biochar. And I don't know if you know about biochar, but biochar is a way to take various biomass, you basically light them on fire, yes, but at a certain degree, certain temperature, certain airflow, and it locks all that carbon in. And once you put it on the ground, it stays there for thousands of years and then gets buried under the surface. And that's what turned into oil or coal over time, which was biochar. So if we think about... Today, biochar has been around for thousands of years. Now, we have to do it at scale.

• 1:19:51Speaker 02

  We can get energy out of it, but we can also lock that carbon in. Because, again, if you have dead tree trunks or whatever else, sooner or later, that carbon will be emitted, maybe 50 years, 100 years, whatever, from the decaying mass. Well, today, we can just take biochar, lock it in, you know, in a very simple process, put it in the ground, get energy out, and it's like it's a win-win for all of us. So those are the kind of things when I see carbon sequestration, that's like really smart. Because people are like, let's just plant more trees. Yes, but once the trees fall down, we need to make sure that carbon stays out of the environment. How do we do that? Something like biochar, locking it in and storing.

• 1:20:31Speaker 02

  There's a third one, which is carbon capture, which is just hooking on carbon, basically, filters from smokestacks or whatever's coming out, and then trying to recapture that and turning it into other products, which can be done as well. So I think those are the three different areas that I see as carbon capture. And I think that all three are necessary, and we should be seriously throwing those scrubbers on sooner rather than later, especially on the CO2 generators, as we start to make the transition to much cleaner hydrogen-based manufacturing process or whatever that are not using the old CO2 emitting processes.

• 1:21:10Tim Ferriss?

  Are there any other, or any companies, startups, or larger, I mean startups? Because there are startups these days are getting like Series A funding at like billions and billions and billions of dollars. So it's hard for me to even wrap my head around a lot of that. But are there any companies that stand out for you in those categories? I want to say that one, you know, Charm Industrial would fall into the second category. And I've been quite impressed by them with the caveat that I'm just an amateur who's still learning on the job. But any companies that you'd like to mention that you think are doing a good job?

• 1:21:48Speaker 02

  I think, you know, these are all small companies. Let's be very clear. They're trying to do the right thing. They want to do the right thing. And now people are really starting to rally around them. Investors are, you know, the early money. And so there's another one called Carboculture. They're also doing the biochar. So Carboculture is there. And they're doing it en masse and they have a, they have their first factory. But again, I want to see a factory for a factory. How are they going to make lots of these so they can deploy them everywhere? I'm seeing a lot of new technology. I don't have any specific companies, unfortunately, right now that I can talk about in the, you know, the kind of the smokestack scrubbing. There's a lot of new technology in terms of membrane technology,

• 1:22:31Speaker 02

  other kinds of chemical treatment technology to extract that CO2 from those emissions and bring them right down into some useful form. So I don't have anything right offhand. I should go do some look up and I'll give you some things you can put in your description.

• 1:22:47Tim Ferriss?

  The show notes, yeah, we'll put some links in. You know, I heard of one recently and I can't speak to the company. I haven't done any diligence on this at all, but great name. It's called Remora Carbon, R E M O R A. But it's a reference to this, I believe it would be categorized as a fish that kind of hangs on the sides of sharks and eats the scraps as the sharks consume their own food. And it's carbon capture for semi trucks. So it's scrubbing technology that is piggybacking, just like a Remora in the ocean on semi trailer trucks. Super exciting. I mean, a lot of innovation happening right now. Like you said, though, very much so on a small scale. So how do you make a factory for a factory is a great way to put it.

• 1:23:29Speaker 02

  Exactly. And so, you know, Remora, you know, they're doing it for trucks. I think those are something that can actually move to hydrogen or ammonia kind of propulsion. They don't necessarily have to use diesel because those are the longer haul stuff. Same thing with electric trains, electric trains or hybrid trains. So yes, there are a lot of these things and some of them are stopgaps for the next five to 10 years while we transition away from petro-based economy to a more electron-based economy. All of these things are really interesting. We're trying to go for the stuff that's the ultimate solution, not necessarily these kinds of windows of time. Because to me, it's like a hybrid car. Sure, you can get a electric, gas, hybrid car,

• 1:24:13Speaker 02

  but really it's two systems that are much more complicated, more things to break. Let's try to get to the end goal as opposed to this interim goal. So I always try to look at something where it's the destination, not the waypoint along the way.

• 1:24:28Tim Ferriss?

  As we move to electrons, I don't know if you are open to taking a stab at this, but how do you think geopolitics will figure into the supply chain for an electron-based economy, right? If you just look at electric vehicles, EV, right? You look at the raw materials, and I'm not technical enough to know what those raw materials are, but if you look at the incredibly good job that certain countries are doing, which you can certainly name, but in Africa, in South America, establishing exactly really good relationships on the ground. They're building infrastructure for cities and countries, and I don't want

• 1:25:12Tim Ferriss?

  to say in exchange, but often in tandem, developing incredibly good, incredibly dominant sort of sourcing and distribution for a lot of raw materials. What are some plausible ways that that develops?

• 1:25:27Speaker 02

  I think we're seeing the reality right now with the Ukraine war that's going on. And we're starting to understand that we need to have more independence in terms of our energy supplies, our raw material supplies, and we need to be working with people that have like values, you know, ethics, like morals, if we're going to truly be a... We'd like it to be a global economy. I think we went down that road, and we're seeing people exploiting that to their own gain for too long, and now wanting to rise up more in a powerful position, whether they can or can't, I'm not going to judge that. But I

• 1:26:06Speaker 02

  think that we need, we being each country, needs to have their, and Europe is, EU is, I'm calling this, you know, I know it's many countries, but they each need to have their own strategic way of doing energy sourcing. Luckily, as we go to electrons, that's going to be easier. Because it can be done inside the borders. But from a materials perspective, there's going to have to be many more of them suppliers. And the reason being is, you know, we kind of let monopolies prevail in there. And we was like, oh, those are dirty. Those are hard businesses. Actually, there's a lot of interesting businesses that can be built with new technology

• 1:26:46Speaker 02

  that will actually help us to find and mine things or find these elements much more easily inside our national borders or our true friends' national borders. So we can get these strategic things set up. What we were witnessing in many regards, whether that's in materials, minerals, manufacturing, it was outsourced to the lowest GDP country or the lowest GDP per capita country to get that lowest cost labor. And then those things will come back to us. We're not going to see that anymore. We're going to see technology derived extraction, these kinds of things. And it's going to have to be nationally protected. And it's just going to happen more and more now. So that's one thing which is the supply.

• 1:27:28Speaker 02

  But if we also look at the technology, there's things like non lithium based batteries that are coming sulfur based, sodium based, iron based. So we're actually able to then gear some of the technologies for certain things to the resources that we have or the abundance of resources around the planet where it's not as strategic, right? As where we care about the rare earths. Some are rare and some aren't, but rare earths. And that's the reason why we invested in that motor company, Turntide, is because they're not using any rare earths. What does that look like when you have a different way of creating those motors and different partnerships that you need to be able to do so? So I think we're going to be spending more and more time on understanding we need to

• 1:28:11Speaker 02

  invest in strategic capabilities and we can't just farm it out to the lowest cost in the world and use the logistics chain. And then we get trapped from the geopolitical side. And the war is horrible. It's devastating, all those other things. But with high energy prices, guess what? It makes climate change a lot easier in terms of the rational argument for why we need to do it from a business perspective. Obviously, there's an emotional and rational to preserve our species on the planet. But some people don't see it that way, especially some shareholders. But I think we're starting to see that it's not just doing the right thing. It's not just about us as a society. It's also the right thing geopolitically to start to really figure out how to be more self-sufficient

• 1:28:56Speaker 02

  and get away from these things. And luckily, we do have technologies today that are already available to allow this kind of world to exist, even though we'd rather be all one thing. Unfortunately, not everyone sees it the same.

• 1:29:10Tim Ferriss?

  Yeah, it's certainly when people get hit in the wallet as intensely as a lot of people have been with.

• 1:29:17Speaker 02

  And will continue to be.

• 1:29:19Tim Ferriss?

  And will continue to be. It sort of highlights the vulnerability, the vulnerabilities that we have if we don't take a lot of these newer technologies seriously and newer options for sourcing.

• 1:29:28Speaker 02

  Right, exactly. And frankly, if you look at our petrochemical world, it's been subsidized for decades. It has been propped up. And if you look at, when we look at inflation, I really look at it the opposite. De-inflation is stopping. We've been de-inflating. We've been moving everything offshore. We've been going to lowest common work for, your lowest common monies for paying a workforce, getting rid of healthcare and all this other stuff. We've been just pushing the externalities on everyone else, what we're doing to the climate. Now it's all coming back to roost and that de-inflation thing that was happening is no longer and we're just paying, we're paying back what we weren't paying all those years. Right? So when people go, it's being done to us?

• 1:30:11Speaker 02

  No, we did that to ourselves to try to keep prices low for so long. And now all of a sudden, we really pressed reset on the whole system, whether that's workforce, materials, manufacturing, sourcing. Now it's coming back and we're like, oh, inflation. No, we're finally paying the prices we should have paid. You know, maybe not all spread evenly. We should have been paying with a steady increase over time.

• 1:30:34Tim Ferriss?

  So you seem like an optimistic guy to me. Would you consider yourself optimistic?

• 1:30:38Speaker 02

  Well, the alternative sucks, so.

• 1:30:43Tim Ferriss?

  Well, say more about that because I think it's I've seen various and I can't cite the sources here, but polls and surveys of especially younger people like 20 to 35, maybe even younger, who have record levels of apathy.

• 1:30:57Speaker 02

  Yes.

• 1:30:57Tim Ferriss?

  Right. And pessimism.

• 1:30:59Speaker 02

  Yep.

• 1:30:59Tim Ferriss?

  That's a problem. That is a very, very significant problem.

• 1:31:02Speaker 02

  Huge problem.

• 1:31:02Tim Ferriss?

  Especially when you consider, you know, a lot of the entrepreneurs who are going to be in the full contact, kind of professional sports of business, do a lot of great work in that band. And whether that is, doesn't have to be in the, in the for-profit sector, but just people getting big things done in the world.

• 1:31:16Speaker 02

  Mm hmm.

• 1:31:17Tim Ferriss?

  Fall, a lot of them fall in that band. How do you cultivate optimism? Or how would you sell optimism to people who are feeling apathetic when they're just getting barraged all day long by what they consider to be fatalistic bad news?

• 1:31:30Speaker 02

  Well, first, change your media diet. First, change your media diet and start talking and listening to people who actually have some possible solutions for the problems. Now that you're tuned into the problems that, some of the problems we have, go learn about them. Go see how you can be part of the solution. So either you can sit there and be apathetic and be part of the problem, or you can move and be part of the solution. Right? Apathy doesn't sit in the middle between problem and solution. If you are in apathetic, you're part of the problem. You need to be working on the solutions. And more that you look at the solutions, and I'm seeing things for five, seven, 10 years out, 15 years out,

• 1:32:15Speaker 02

  you can't help but be optimistic because you see the stuff that's coming down from these research labs or from these brilliant entrepreneurs who have great ideas. And some will fail, of course, but a lot of them will succeed. And you start going, oh, my God, there is a future. We can do this if we want to embrace it. We saw it with COVID. We all got together in COVID just two years ago, like this week or last week. Oh, my God, we're putting up temporary hospitals. What can we do about testing? What are we doing about new ways of communicating the data and new, you know, getting the news stories out there? And, and of course, there was misinformation, all the other stuff. But look at how the world rallied together and tried to figure this stuff out, governments

• 1:32:58Speaker 02

  did. And you're like, you might even feel, at least I did here in Europe, a sense of leadership from the politicians and the governments of trying, even if you might not agree, trying to do something about it. When you see that we do have that capability as humans to help each other and help our own as well as each other. When we know that there are climate crisis problems out there and when you start to see the solutions, it's hard to be pessimistic or apathetic about it. Because again, if you are, then you're not helping to solve it. You're not helping to be on that side. Be on the other side, helping to solve it, and maybe you'll see something. I'm a cautious optimist. I used to be an optimistic optimist. I'm a cautious optimist or a pessimistic optimist.

• 1:33:42Speaker 02

  I make sure we pick things, because there's lots of things to pick from, that can be real and help those become real. But I obviously ask all the questions. It's just not like, "Oh yeah, that's gonna be great." No, we have to really dive in. There's a lot of shady people out there selling things that don't really exist. But when you start to get on the other side of the equation and start to look for solutions, then you can start to get optimistic. So change your media diet first and foremost. Start learning. Think about things you're passionate about and dive in and learn, because there's so many resources out there. You wouldn't believe how many things are out there. And people are needed for those. And they're usually really well-paying, too.

• 1:34:23Speaker 02

  And you're gonna do something that's meaningful to you, to your family, maybe your kids or grandkids, and it's gonna help your society and it's gonna help the planet. So that when you sit at a dinner table in 2050 with your grandkids or whoever it is, and they go, "Oh my God, we just got past this climate crisis issue." It's always gonna be lingering with us, but we got past it. And your kids or your generations, people around the table go, "What did you do about it? How did you solve it personally or professionally? How are you part of the solution?" You can actually have really good answers. Because this is an existential thing.

• 1:35:02Speaker 02

  This is not about bullshit metaverse or the craziness around the NFT, you know, gambling. This is about true problems that we have. And to your earlier point, the first trillionaire will be someone who solves these massive problems on this planet that we have. Because why? Because we're not going to exist without them. And that's the biggest pain ever. Think about this. When you get sick, or I hope you never do, but when someone gets sick, what happens? They'll all of a sudden go, I'm going to change my life. I, you know, they have a heart attack. Who knows what it is? God forbid anything happening, but I'm going to change my life. I'm going to go in and they wake up to it. Well, guess what? We have a sick planet. Our planet is incredibly sick and we caused it. Nobody else, we caused it.

• 1:35:47Speaker 02

  Maybe it's other generations, but you can't just sit around and go, well, it's sick. I don't know what to do. It's a family member. It's so important. It's a family member. What are you doing to be on the right side and trying to find solutions both personally and professionally?

• 1:36:03Tim Ferriss?

  You're here.

• 1:36:05Speaker 02

  It's a passion, man. I love this stuff.

• 1:36:07Tim Ferriss?

  No, I know. This is why I wanted to bring it up. So, so people I think will come away from this conversation with lots of notes related to everything we've discussed. Are there other, in terms of changing media diet, any particular people, resources, could just be one or two, anything or anyone else you could recommend people take a look at to diversify, get some more nutritious fiber in their information diet?

• 1:36:38Speaker 02

  Well, I think, you know, this is a great, great place to start, which gives a great overview. Speed and scale, I don't know if you can see it, but that's, uh, that's John Doerr's latest compilation of all kinds of different people working on climate solutions.

• 1:36:53Tim Ferriss?

  Yep.

• 1:36:53Speaker 02

  I think that's a really great one. The subtitle's An Action Plan for Solving Our Climate Crisis Now. It's not fully complete, but it gives a good sense of just reading about it. I'm sure there's podcasts about it. I'm sure John's done a lot of different ones. I think that's a really good place to get started. There's also things like My Climate Journey talks about people who are in the industry and trying to to solve things. And it's just looking at at different blogs. There's all kinds of different blogs that you can read with daily articles about various solutions that can get into it. And there's also great podcasts to video or YouTube videos. Dive into a lot of the stuff. So it really depends on what. Hopefully, there's something that you really get you really upset like.

• 1:37:39Speaker 02

  Why is there so much pollution in the environment? Or why is there, you know, why do we have trash on the streets or? Or why is there food waste? Finding something that you really care about and either going in it personally or professionally and learning about it and seeing how you can use your your time and your passion and and turn it into or your disgust and turn it into something positive and help.

• 1:38:00Tim Ferriss?

  And for people listening, I'll also include links to everything we've discussed in the show notes. So you'll have a couple of places to start nibbling and exploring at tim.blog/podcast. Tony, you're always inspiring to talk to. I always get, you know, recharge myself full of piss and vinegar to go out and tackle something difficult. So I appreciate that about you. And I also appreciate that you're an uncommon blend of someone who's deeply technical, but also deeply honed. I was gonna say deeply talented, but that might imply something innate, which you may also have, but you have developed the skill of storytelling and communication. And I think it's a really formidable combination.

• 1:38:44Speaker 02

  Thank you.

• 1:38:45Tim Ferriss?

  I do think it's incredibly compelling.

• 1:38:47Speaker 02

  And it was all learned. You know, your audience can learn it.

• 1:38:50Tim Ferriss?

  Yeah.

• 1:38:51Speaker 02

  You can learn it. It's just always thinking about the audience, thinking about the message. Why are you doing this? Why, why not what? And it's about the mission, not about your ego.

• 1:39:01Tim Ferriss?

  And the why, why, why and the storytelling plus the technical side. And a lot of details are conveyed, I think beautifully in the new book, Build subtitle, An Unorthodox Guide to Making Things Worth Making. And I am going to read a lot more of this book. I did a little taste tester, you know, over the last 24 or 48 hours. And it's very well, I just want to give you credit where credit is due. It's very well formatted. I'm amazed how many well-written books are poorly formatted in the sense that they are simply visually difficult to absorb. But the book is formatted in such a way that the pages are incredibly readable and the chapters are incredibly short.

• 1:39:45Tim Ferriss?

  So the kind of rat with a kind of cocaine pellet dispenser, dopamine reinforcement, used in the positive sense. I know it's a bit of maybe an awkward example, but it's very self-perpetuating as a reader experience. So I really encourage people to check it out.

• 1:40:04Speaker 02

  I really appreciate it because we, I spent a lot of time re-architecting, you know, the book and trying to get it into that, that thing. And, and that was a big risk. We took a risk, threw it out there and see, because it's, I think it's unlike other books. Like I said, it's not, you can read it literally, but it's really not for that. And we just want to help, you know, at the end of the day, just want to help. And to be truthful, you know, if you buy the book, the book, there is all proceeds, you know, that come to me or any profits that come to me. They're all going to a climate fund that I'm going to run, that I'm matching with five times the money. So whatever comes out, I'm matching it five times. And we're going to personally manage and put that money to work in climate crisis solutions. And we're going to continue to invest that.

• 1:40:49Speaker 02

  And then over time, we'll then be donating all the profits of that as well to climate-focused charities. So the whole thing here is just to give back, to inspire people who are working on tough societal health or, or planet scale problems. Help them learn through the failures we had and to also help the planet. So trying to, you know, take whatever comes out of it and reinvest it because the whole world, as we know, is it's circular or the, everything in the world is circular. And so I want to make sure this all goes back and I hope your listeners, your watchers will find a value in the book and, and go out and purchase it so that, you know, you can be also helping for the, find the solutions to climate change, helping us find the solutions to climate change at least.

• 1:41:34Tim Ferriss?

  So people check it out. Build an Unorthodox Guide to Making Things Worth Making. Tony Fadell, you can find him on Twitter and Instagram @tfadell, F-A-D-E-L-L. You can find Future Shape on Twitter @FutureShapeLLC. And is there anything else you'd like to add, Tony, before we wrap up? Any comments, other requests to the audience, complaints, anything?

• 1:41:58Speaker 02

  So, at the end of the day, with the Ukraine-Russian war that's going on, we have geopolitical tensions between China and the rest of the world and everything. I've been trying to really understand, from a historical perspective, what that means and how technology can be brought to bear on those things. And so, I've been reading books like The Hundred Year Marathon, something like this, just to learn to get from a different perspective. That's by Michael Pearsby. I've also been really fascinated by The Changing World Order by Ray Dalio. And when you start to look at history repeating itself, it's

• 1:42:39Speaker 02

  really insightful to help you try to understand the world better, and these books do a great job of illuminating those things. The other one that I hope is gonna happen, and Ray does a second edition of this book, is gonna really talk about the new technologies for government, for currency, for finance, all of these things that, you know, in his book, he's talking about these arcs, and that the world order, you know, which country was on top, whether it was, you know, the UK, or whether it was the Dutch, you know, and then ultimately the US, these kinds of things. How those changing worlds happen, and they almost happen all the same way. I won't give it away in the book, but you should read

• 1:43:19Speaker 02

  the book. But we now have technology for currencies, for financial systems, for governmental systems, for community action and bonding, that may change these arcs.

• 1:43:32Speaker 02

  So disruptive, they may change these arcs and it doesn't mean what is written in the book today will happen tomorrow in the future because now technology can change those fundamentals that have been more or less locked in for the past hundreds of generations. So it'll be very interesting to see how these lessons or these historical lessons change as we change the technology. So I think those are two really great books that people should, you know, if they want to understand a little bit about what's going on and make sense of it, those are two really great books.

• 1:44:05Tim Ferriss?

  Thank you, Tony. I think for a lot of folks, the starting point, whether it's prior to building a company or educating themselves on some of these technological innovations and possible solutions is, as you said, changing your information intake. I think it's so critical. Neve, you've given a bunch of recommendations on the entrepreneurial side and also on the climate solution side. I just think, you know, garbage in, garbage out. So you gotta fix the garbage in piece.

• 1:44:32Speaker 02

  Without a doubt.

• 1:44:33Tim Ferriss?

  Yeah, you just can't give automatically any company that wants it root access to your brain. It's a very dangerous set of permissions to just automatically give away. So really thinking about information intake. I think you've given some really good guidelines. So so thank you for that.

• 1:44:50Speaker 02

  Well, thank you. Thanks for the time. Hopefully our discussion on your small team management stuff, maybe that can help a little bit.

• 1:44:56Tim Ferriss?

  Oh, great. Oh, I took a ton of notes. I took a ton of notes and it's incredible how some of the most powerful insights can be just hiding in plain sight, right? Like I was thinking in my head of this kind of false, well, in a sense, like a false dichotomy of the time sharing versus task sharing. And in my head, I'm thinking, well, once you task split, those are set, although I didn't even phrase it in my mind because it didn't occur to me that you would have a rotation, right? I mean, it's just, it's so simple, but I needed someone to fucking tell me, God, it's just like, how blind can you be sometimes? It's incredible. So I'm very excited for you. I know everybody's burning the candle at both ends right now on your team for the book launch. I think

• 1:45:38Tim Ferriss?

  the book really stands on its own two feet. You know, a lot of people do a big push for a book launch and at the end of the day, the book has to stand on its own. And I think the book has a lot of really, really good tactical.

• 1:45:51Speaker 02

  Thank you.

• 1:45:52Tim Ferriss?

  Advice. So I appreciate you taking time once again to have a conversation with me. It's nice to see you.

• 1:45:56Speaker 02

  Really appreciate it.

• 1:45:58Tim Ferriss?

  Thanks, Tony. And to everybody listening. Well, first of all, thank you for listening. And until next time, be a little kinder than necessary. Cultivate optimism. It is something you can cultivate. Start with picking your information sources more carefully. And I encourage you to check out the book, "Build: An Unorthodox Guide to Making Things Worth Making", by Tony Fadell. And once again, until next time, thank you for tuning in. Hey, guys, this is Tim again. Just one more thing before you take off, and that is Five Bullet Friday. Would you enjoy getting a short email from me every Friday that provides a little fun before the weekend? Between one and a half and two million people subscribe

• 1:46:41Tim Ferriss?

  to my free newsletter, my super short newsletter, called Five Bullet Friday. Easy to sign up, easy to cancel. It is basically a half-page that I send out every Friday to share the coolest things I've found or discovered or have started exploring over that week. It's kind of like my diary of cool things. It often includes articles I'm reading, books I'm reading, albums perhaps, gadgets, gizmos, all sorts of tech tricks and so on that get sent to me by my friends, including a lot of podcast guests. And these strange esoteric things end up in my field, and then I test them, and then I share them with you. So if that sounds fun, again, it's very short, a little tiny bite of goodness before you head off for the weekend, something to think about. If you'd like to try it out,

• 1:47:26Tim Ferriss?

  just go to tim.blog/friday. Type that into your browser, tim.blog/friday, drop in your email, and you'll get the very next one. Thanks for listening. This episode is brought to you by Eight Sleep. My God, am I in love with Eight Sleep. Good sleep is the ultimate game changer. More than 30% of Americans struggle with sleep, and I'm a member of that sad group. Temperature is one of the main causes of poor sleep, and heat has always been my nemesis. I've suffered for decades, tossing and turning, throwing blankets off, putting them back on, and repeating ad nauseam. But now, I am falling asleep in record time, faster than ever. Why? Because I'm using a simple device called the Pod Pro Cover by Eight Sleep. It's the easiest and fastest

• 1:48:11Tim Ferriss?

  ...to sleep at the perfect temperature. It pairs dynamic cooling and heating with biometric tracking to offer the most advanced, but most user-friendly solution on the market. I polled all of you guys on social media about the best tools for sleep, enhancing sleep, and Eight Sleep was by far and away the crowd favorite. I mean, people were just raving fans of this. So, I used it and here we are. Add the Pod Pro cover to your current mattress and start sleeping as cool as 55 degrees Fahrenheit or as hot as 110 degrees Fahrenheit. It also splits your bed in half, so your partner can choose a totally different temperature. My girlfriend runs hot all the time. She doesn't need cooling.

• 1:48:51Tim Ferriss?

  She loves the heat and we can have our own bespoke temperatures on either side, which is exactly what we're doing. Now, for me, and for many people, the result, Eight Sleep users fall asleep up to 32% faster, reduce sleep interruptions by up to 40%, and get more restful sleep overall. I can personally attest to this because I track it in all sorts of ways. It's the total solution for enhanced recovery, so you can take on the next day feeling refreshed. And now, my dear listeners, that's you guys, you can get $250 off of the Pod Pro cover. That's a lot. Simply go to eightsleep.com/tim or use code TIM.

• 1:49:29Tim Ferriss?

  That's eight all spelled out, E-I-G-H-T, sleep.com/tim or use coupon code TIM, T-I-M. Eightsleep.com/tim for $250 off your Pod Pro cover. This episode is brought to you by Element, spelled L-M-N-T. What on earth is Element? It is a delicious, sugar-free electrolyte drink mix. I've stocked up on boxes and boxes of this. It was one of the first things that I bought when I saw COVID coming down the pike, and I usually use one to two per day. Element is formulated to help anyone with their electrolyte needs and perfectly suited to folks following a keto, low carb, or paleo diet.

• 1:50:11Tim Ferriss?

  Or if you drink a ton of water and you might not have the right balance, that's often when I drink it, or if you're doing any type of endurance exercise, mountain biking, et cetera, another application. If you've ever struggled to feel Feel good on keto, low carb or paleo? It's most likely because even if you're consciously consuming electrolytes, you're just not getting enough. And it relates to a bunch of stuff like a hormone called aldosterone, blah, blah, blah, when insulin is low. But suffice to say, this is where Element, again spelled L-M-N-T, can help. My favorite flavor by far is citrus salt, which, as a side note, you can also use to make a kick-ass, no-sugar margarita. But for special occasions, obviously. You're probably already familiar with one of the names behind it, Rob Wolf, R-O-B-B, Rob Wolf,

• 1:50:54Tim Ferriss?

  who is a former research biochemist and two-time New York Times bestselling author of The Paleo Solution and Wired to Eat. Rob created Element by scratching his own itch. That's how it got started. His Brazilian jiu-jitsu coaches turned him on to electrolytes as a performance enhancer. Things clicked and bam, company was born. So if you're on a low carb diet or fasting, electrolytes play a key role in relieving hunger, cramps, headaches, tiredness and dizziness. Sugar, artificial ingredients, coloring, all that's garbage, unneeded. There's none of that in Element. And a lot of names you might recognize are already using Element. It was recommended to me by one of my favorite athlete friends, three Navy SEAL teams as prescribed by their Master Chief,

• 1:51:35Tim Ferriss?

  Marine units, FBI sniper teams, at least five NFL teams who have subscriptions. They are the exclusive hydration partner to Team USA Weightlifting and on and on. You can try it risk-free. If you don't like it, Element will give you your money back, no questions asked. They have extremely low return rates. Element came up with a very special offer for you, my dear listeners. For a limited time, you can claim a free Element sample pack. You only cover the cost of shipping. For US customers, this means you can receive an eight-count sample pack for just $5. Simply go to drinkelement.com/tim. That's drinkelement.com/tim to claim your free eight-count sample pack. One more time, that's drinkelement.com/tim for this exclusive offer.

• 1:52:19Tim Ferriss?

  drinkelement.com/tim. Check it out.