#555: The Liberation of Cosmic Insignificance Therapy — Oliver Burkeman

This special and very short episode requires some back story. Cal Newport https://www.calnewport.com/, bestselling author of Deep Work https://www.amazon.com/Deep-Work-Focused-Success-Distracted/dp/1455586692/?tag=offsitoftimfe-20, was the first of several people to recommend a book to me called Four Thousand Weeks: Time Management for Mortals https://www.amazon.com/Four-Thousand-Weeks-Management-Mortals/dp/0374159122?tag=offsitoftimfe-20 by Oliver Burkeman https://www.oliverburkeman.com/ (@oliverburkeman https://twitter.com/oliverburkeman). I recently read the book, devoured it over several days, and captured hundreds of Kindle highlights in the process. It’s quite unlike anything I’ve ever read, and one of my favorite chapters was “Cosmic Insignificance Therapy.” Even by itself, this chapter left me with a profound sense of calm that lasted several days. In short, I loved the book, so my team reached out to Oliver to see if we could publish this chapter on the podcast and blog, and here we are. You can find the full text of the chapter over at tim.blog/cosmic. The author, Oliver Burkeman https://www.oliverburkeman.com/, can be found at OliverBurkeman.com https://www.oliverburkeman.com/, and you can follow him on Twitter @oliverburkeman https://twitter.com/oliverburkeman. And last but not least, huge thanks to Macmillan Audio for providing the audio. This episode clocks in at around 20 minutes, so my hope is that you’ll revisit it often when you need a moment of Zen. Enjoy! For show notes and past guests, please visit tim.blog/podcast https://tim.blog/podcast/?utm_source=podcast&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=podcast-description. Sign up for Tim’s email newsletter (“5-Bullet Friday”) at tim.blog/friday https://go.tim.blog/5-bullet-friday-1/. For transcripts of episodes, go to tim.blog/transcripts http://tim.blog/transcripts. Discover Tim’s books: tim.blog/books http://tim.blog/books. Follow Tim: Twitter: twitter.com/tferriss https://twitter.com/tferriss Instagram: instagram.com/timferriss https://instagram.com/timferriss/ Facebook: facebook.com/timferriss https://www.facebook.com/TimFerriss/ YouTube: youtube.com/timferriss https://www.youtube.com/timferriss Past guests on The Tim Ferriss Show http://tim.blog/podcast include Jerry Seinfeld https://tim.blog/2020/12/08/jerry-seinfeld/, Hugh Jackman https://tim.blog/2020/06/26/hugh-jackman/, Dr. Jane Goodall https://tim.blog/2020/04/16/jane-goodall/, LeBron James https://tim.blog/2018/11/27/lebron-james-mike-mancias/, Kevin Hart https://tim.blog/2020/05/20/kevin-hart/, Doris Kearns Goodwin https://tim.blog/2018/09/07/doris-kearns-goodwin-leadership/, Jamie Foxx https://tim.blog/2015/12/06/jamie-foxx/, Matthew McConaughey https://tim.blog/2020/10/19/matthew-mcconaughey/, Esther Perel https://tim.blog/2017/05/21/esther-perel/, Elizabeth Gilbert https://tim.blog/2020/05/08/elizabeth-gilbert/, Terry Crews https://tim.blog/2017/12/20/terry-crews-how-to-have-do-and-be-all-you-want/, Sia https://tim.blog/2020/08/12/sia/, Yuval Noah Harari https://tim.blog/2020/10/27/yuval-noah-harari/, Malcolm Gladwell https://tim.blog/2016/06/21/malcolm-gladwell/, Madeleine Albright https://tim.blog/2020/05/27/secretary-madeleine-albright/, Cheryl Strayed https://tim.blog/2017/03/30/cheryl-strayed/, Jim Collins https://tim.blog/2019/02/18/jim-collins/, Mary Karr, https://tim.blog/2020/11/11/mary-karr/ Maria Popova https://tim.blog/2014/10/21/brain-pickings/, Sam Harris https://tim.blog/2020/05/15/sam-harris-2/, Michael Phelps https://tim.blog/2021/01/21/michael-phelps-grant-hackett/, Bob Iger https://tim.blog/2020/01/16/bob-iger/, Edward Norton https://tim.blog/2019/10/31/edward-norton-motherless-brooklyn/, Arnold Schwarzenegger https://tim.blog/2015/02/02/arnold-schwarzenegger/, Neil Strauss https://tim.blog/2014/06/24/neil-strauss/, Ken Burns https://tim.blog/2019/09/12/ken-burns/, Maria Sharapova https://tim.blog/2017/08/26/maria-sharapova/, Marc Andreessen https://tim.blog/2016/05/29/marc-andreessen/, Neil Gaiman https://tim.blog/2019/03/28/neil-gaiman/, Neil de Grasse Tyson https://tim.blog/2019/10/03/neil-degrasse-tyson/, Jocko Willink https://tim.blog/2016/09/21/jocko-willink-on-discipline-leadership-and-overcoming-doubt/, Daniel Ek https://tim.blog/2020/12/03/daniel-ek/, Kelly Slater https://tim.blog/2020/09/08/kelly-slater/, Dr. Peter Attia https://tim.blog/2019/11/27/peter-attia-fasting-metformin-longevity/, Seth Godin https://tim.blog/2016/02/10/seth-godin/, Howard Marks https://tim.blog/2018/09/25/howard-marks/, Dr. Brené Brown https://tim.blog/2020/02/06/brene-brown-striving-self-acceptance-saving-marriages/, Eric Schmidt https://tim.blog/2019/04/09/eric-schmidt/, Michael Lewis https://tim.blog/2020/05/01/michael-lewis/, Joe Gebbia https://tim.blog/2018/03/08/joe-gebbia-co-founder-of-airbnb/, Michael Pollan https://tim.blog/2018/05/06/michael-pollan-how-to-change-your-mind/, Dr. Jordan Peterson https://tim.blog/2021/03/01/jordan-peterson/, Vince Vaughn https://tim.blog/2017/05/31/vince-vaughn/, Brian Koppelman https://tim.blog/2020/04/23/brian-koppelman/, Ramit Sethi https://tim.blog/2019/05/07/ramit-sethi/, Dax Shepard https://tim.blog/2020/11/18/dax-shepard/, Tony Robbins https://tim.blog/2014/10/15/money-master-the-game/, Jim Dethmer https://tim.blog/2020/05/18/jim-dethmer/, Dan Harris https://tim.blog/2020/11/19/dan-harris/, Ray Dalio https://tim.blog/2017/09/13/ray-dalio/, Naval Ravikant https://tim.blog/2015/08/18/the-evolutionary-angel-naval-ravikant/, Vitalik Buterin https://tim.blog/2021/03/08/vitalik-buterin-naval-ravikant/, Elizabeth Lesser https://tim.blog/2021/03/16/elizabeth-lesser/, Amanda Palmer https://tim.blog/2019/04/18/amanda-palmer-2/, Katie Haun https://tim.blog/2021/02/18/katie-haun/, Sir Richard Branson https://tim.blog/2017/10/09/richard-branson/, Chuck Palahniuk https://tim.blog/2020/09/02/chuck-palahniuk/, Arianna Huffington https://tim.blog/2017/10/18/arianna-huffington/, Reid Hoffman https://tim.blog/2015/08/31/the-oracle-of-silicon-valley-reid-hoffman-plus-michael-mccullough/, Bill Burr https://tim.blog/2017/09/17/bill-burr/, Whitney Cummings https://tim.blog/2015/06/26/whitney-cummings/, Rick Rubin https://tim.blog/2015/05/15/rick-rubin/, Dr. Vivek Murthy https://tim.blog/2020/03/26/vivek-murthy/, Darren Aronofsky https://tim.blog/2017/09/09/darren-aronofsky/, and many more. 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Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:01Speaker 00

  At this altitude, I can run flat out for a half mile before my hands start shaking.

• 0:06Speaker 01

  Can I ask you a personal question?

• 0:08Speaker 00

  Now would be seen appropriate time.

• 0:12Speaker 01

  I'm a cybernetic organism, living tissue over metal endoskeleton.

• 0:24Tim Ferriss?

  Hello, boys and girls, ladies and germs. This is Tim Ferriss. Welcome to another episode of The Tim Ferriss Show. This special and very short episode requires just a little bit of backstory. Cal Newport, bestselling author of Deep Work, was the first of several people to recommend a book to me called 4,000 Weeks. The subtitle is Time Management for Mortals, but that doesn't quite capture the core of this book. It's an unusual book. The author is Oliver Burke-Mann. That's B U R K E M A N. I recently read it, devoured the whole thing over a few days, and captured hundreds of Kindle highlights in the process. It's quite unlike anything I've ever read, and it's perhaps a philosophical operating

• 1:07Tim Ferriss?

  system of sorts. And one of my favorite chapters was Cosmic Insignificance Therapy. Even by itself, this chapter left me with a profound sense of calm that lasted several days. It seems to stick for some reason. So, in short, I loved the book. My team reached out to Oliver to see if we could publish this chapter, Cosmic Insignificance Therapy, on the podcast and blog, and here we are. You can find a link to the book in the description of this episode, and you can also find the full text of the chapter over at tim.blog/cosmic. That's T I M dot B L O G slash C O S M I C. And once again, the book is 4,000 Weeks. Don't miss it. I highly, highly recommend. The author, Oliver Burke-Mann, can be found at

• 1:51Tim Ferriss?

  oliverburkeman.com. Again, that's Oliver B U R K E M A N dot com. And you can follow him on Twitter at Oliver Burke-Mann. And last but not least, huge thanks to Macmillan Audio for providing the audio for this. This episode clocks in at around 20 minutes, so my hope is that you'll revisit it often when you need a moment of zen. It's excellent. I at least found it caught me at the right time and really, really struck a chord. So with that, please enjoy.

• 2:21Speaker 03

  Chapter thirteen: Cosmic Insignificance Therapy.

• 2:26Speaker 03

  The Jungian psychotherapist James Hollis recalls the experience of one of his patients, a successful vice president of a medical instruments company, who was flying over the American Midwest on a business trip, reading a book, when she was accosted by a thought: "I hate my life." A malaise that had been growing in her for years had crystallized in the understanding that she was spending her days in a way that no longer felt as if it had any meaning. The relish she'd had for her work had drained away, the rewards she'd been pursuing seemed worthless, and now life was a matter of going through the motions in the fading hope that it somehow all might yet pay off in future happiness. Perhaps you know how she felt. Not everyone has this kind of sudden epiphany, but many of us know what it is to suspect

• 3:10Speaker 03

  that there might be richer, fuller, juicier things we could be doing with our 4,000 weeks, even when what we're currently doing with them looks from the outside like the definition of success. Or maybe you're familiar with the experience of returning to your daily routines, following an unusually satisfying weekend in nature or with old friends, and being struck by the thought that more of life should feel that way, that it wouldn't be unreasonable to expect the deeply engrossing parts to be more than rare exceptions. The modern world is especially lacking in good responses to such feelings. Religion no longer provides the universal, ready-made sense of purpose it once did, while consumerism misleads us into seeking meaning where it can't be found. But the sentiment itself is an ancient one.

• 3:54Speaker 03

  The writer of the Book of Ecclesiastes, among many others, would instantly have recognized the suffering of Hollis's patient. "Then I considered all that my hands had done and the toil I had spent in doing it, and behold, all was vanity and a striving after wind, and there was nothing to be gained under the sun." It's deeply unsettling to find yourself doubting the point of what you're doing with your life, but it isn't actually a bad thing because it demonstrates that an inner shift has already occurred. You couldn't entertain such doubts in the first place if you weren't already occupying a new vantage point on your life, one from which you'd already begun to face the reality that you can't depend on fulfillment arriving at some distant point in the future, once

• 4:36Speaker 03

  you've gotten your life in order or met the world's criteria for success, and that instead the matter needs addressing now. To realise midway through a business trip that you hate your life is already to have taken the first step into one you don't hate, because it means you've grasped the fact that these are the weeks that are going to have to be spent doing something worthwhile if your finite life is to mean anything at all. This is a perspective from which you can finally ask the most fundamental question of time management: what would it mean to spend the only time you ever get in a way that truly feels as though you're making it count? The Great Pause Sometimes this perceptual jolt affects a whole society at once.

• 5:20Speaker 03

  I wrote the first draft of this chapter under lockdown in New York City during the coronavirus pandemic, when amid the grief and anxiety, it became normal to hear people express a sort of bittersweet gratitude for what they were experiencing, that even though they were furloughed and losing sleep about the rent, it was a genuine joy to see more of their children or to rediscover the pleasures of planting flowers or baking bread. The enforced pause in work, school, and socialising put on hold numerous assumptions about how we had to spend our time. It turned out, for example, that many people could perform their jobs adequately without an hour-long commute to a dreary office, or remaining at a desk until 6:30pm solely in order to appear hardworking.

• 6:02Speaker 03

  It also turned out that most of the restaurant meals and takeout coffees I'd grown accustomed to consuming, presumably on the grounds that they enhanced my life, could be forsworn with no feeling of loss, a double-edged revelation, given how many jobs depended on providing them. And it became clear, from the ritual applauding of emergency workers, grocery runs undertaken for housebound neighbours, and many other acts of generosity, that people cared about one another far more than we'd assumed. It was just that before the virus, apparently, we hadn't had the time to show it.

• 6:36Speaker 03

  Things hadn't changed for the better, obviously. But alongside the devastation that it wrought, the virus changed us for the better, at least temporarily, and at least in certain respects. It helped us perceive more clearly what our pre-lockdown days had been lacking and the trade-offs we'd been making, willingly or otherwise. For example, by pursuing work lives that left no time for neighborliness. A New York writer and director named Julio Vincent Gambuto captured this sense of what I found myself starting to think of as possibility shock. The startling understanding that things could be different on a grand scale if only we collectively wanted that enough. "What the trauma has shown us," Gambuto wrote, "cannot be unseen.

• 7:18Speaker 03

  A carless Los Angeles has clear blue skies as pollution has simply stopped. In a quiet New York, you can hear the birds chirp in the middle of Madison Avenue. Coyotes have been spotted on the Golden Gate Bridge. These are the postcard images of what the world might be like if we could find a way to have a less deadly effect on the planet." Of course, the crisis also revealed underfunded healthcare systems, venal politicians, deep racial inequities, and chronic economic insecurity. But these too contributed to the feeling that now we were seeing what actually mattered, what demanded our attention, and that on some level, we'd known it all along. "When lockdown ended," Gambuto warned, "corporations and governments would conspire to make us forget the possibilities we'd glimpsed by means of shiny new products and

• 8:03Speaker 03

  services and distracting culture wars, and we'd be so desperate to return to normality that we'd be tempted to comply. Instead, though, we could hold on to the sense of strangeness and make new choices about how we used the hours of our lives." What happened is inexplicably incredible. It's the greatest gift ever unwrapped, not the deaths, not the virus, but the great pause. "Please don't recoil from the bright light beaming through the window. I know it hurts your eyes, it hurts mine too, but the curtain is wide open. The great American return to normal is coming, but I beg of you, take a deep breath, ignore the deafening noise, and think deeply about what you want to put back into your life.

• 8:45Speaker 03

  This is our chance to define a new version of normal, a rare and truly sacred, yes, sacred, opportunity to get rid of the bullshit and to only bring back what works for us, what makes our lives richer, what makes our kids happier, what makes us truly proud." The hazard in any such discussion of what matters most in life, though, is that it tends to give rise to a kind of paralyzing grandiosity. It starts to feel as though it's your duty to find something truly consequential to do with your time, to quit your office job to become an aid worker, or start a spaceflight company, or else, if you're in no position to make such a grand gesture, to conclude that a deeply meaningful life isn't an option for you. On the level of politics and social change, it becomes tempting to conclude that only

• 9:30Speaker 03

  the most revolutionary, world-transforming causes are worth fighting for, that it would be meaningless to spend your time, say, caring for an elderly relative with dementia, or volunteering at the local community garden, while the problems of global warming and income inequality remain unsolved. Among new age types, this same grandiosity takes the form of the belief that each of us has some cosmically significant life purpose, which the universe is longing for us to uncover and then to fulfill.

• 10:00Speaker 03

  Which is why it's useful to begin this last stage of our journey with a blunt but unexpectedly liberating truth: that what you do with your life doesn't matter all that much, and when it comes to how you're using your finite time, the universe absolutely could not care less.

• 10:19Speaker 03

  A modestly meaningful life. The late British philosopher Brian McGee liked to make the following arresting point: "Human civilization is about 6,000 years old, and we're in the habit of thinking of this as a staggeringly long time, a vast duration across which empires rose and fell, and historical periods to which we give labels such as 'classical antiquity' or 'the Middle Ages' succeeded each other in only just moving time, time moving in the sort of way a glacier moves." But now consider the matter a different way. In every generation, even back when life expectancy was much shorter than it is today, there were always at least a few people who lived to the age of 100 or 5,200 weeks.

• 11:02Speaker 03

  And when each of those people was born, there must have been a few other people alive at the time who'd already reached the age of 100 themselves. So it's possible to visualize a chain of centenarian lifespans stretching all the way back through history with no spaces in between them, specific people who really lived, and each of whom we could name if only the historical record were good enough. Now for the arresting part. By this measure, the golden age of the Egyptian pharaohs, an era that strikes most of us as impossibly remote from our own, took place a scant thirty-five lifetimes ago. Jesus was born about twenty lifetimes ago, and the Renaissance happened seven lifetimes back.

• 11:43Speaker 03

  A paltry five centenarian lifetimes ago, Henry VIII sat on the English throne. Five. As McGee observed, "The number of lives you'd need in order to span the whole of civilization, sixty, was the number of friends I squeeze into my living room when I have a drinks party." From this perspective, human history hasn't unfolded glacially, but in the blink of an eye. And it follows, of course, that your own life will have been a minuscule little flicker of near-nothingness in the scheme of things, the merest pinpoint, with two incomprehensibly vast tracts of time, the past and future of the cosmos as a whole, stretching off into the distance on either side. It's natural to find such thoughts terrifying.

• 12:26Speaker 03

  "To contemplate the massive indifference of the universe," writes Richard Holloway, the former bishop of Edinburgh, "can feel as disorienting as being lost in a dense wood, or as frightening as falling overboard into the sea with no one to know we have gone." But there's another angle from which it's oddly consoling. You might think of it as cosmic insignificance therapy. When things all seem too much, what better solace than a reminder that they are, provided you're willing to zoom out a bit, indistinguishable from nothing at all? The anxieties that clutter the average life—relationship troubles, status rivalries, money worries—shrink instantly down to irrelevance. So do pandemics and presidencies, for that matter. The cosmos carries on regardless, calm and imperturbable.

• 13:11Speaker 03

  Or, to quote the title of a book I once reviewed, "The Universe Doesn't Give a Flying Fuck About You." To remember how little you matter on a cosmic timescale can feel like putting down a heavy burden that most of us didn't realise we were carrying in the first place.

• 13:27Speaker 03

  This sense of relief is worth examining a little more closely, though, because it draws attention to the fact that the rest of the time, most of us do go around thinking of ourselves as fairly central to the unfolding of the universe. If we didn't, it wouldn't be any relief to be reminded that, in reality, this isn't the case. Nor is this a phenomenon confined to megalomaniacs or pathological narcissists, but something much more fundamental to being human. It's the understandable tendency to judge everything from the perspective you occupy, so that the few thousand weeks for which you happen to be around inevitably come to feel like the linchpin of history, to which all prior time was always leading up.

• 14:07Speaker 03

  These self-centered judgments are part of what psychologists call the egocentricity bias, and they make good sense from an evolutionary standpoint. If you had a more realistic sense of your own sheer irrelevance considered on the timescale of the universe, you'd probably be less motivated to struggle to survive, and thereby to propagate your genes. You might imagine, moreover, that living with such an unrealistic sense of your own historical importance would make life feel more meaningful by investing your every action with a feeling of cosmic significance, however unwarranted. But what actually happens is that this overvaluing of your existence gives rise to an unrealistic definition of what it would mean to use your finite time well.

• 14:51Speaker 03

  It sets the bar much too high. It suggests that, in order to count as having been well-spent, your life needs to involve deeply impressive accomplishments, or that it should have a lasting impact on future generations, or at the very least that it must, in the words of the philosopher Ido Landau, transcend the common and the mundane. Clearly, it can't just be ordinary. After all, if your life is as significant in the scheme of things as you tend to believe, how could you not feel obliged to do something truly remarkable with it?

• 15:23Speaker 03

  This is the mindset of the Silicon Valley tycoon determined to "put a dent in the universe", or the politician fixated on leaving a legacy, or the novelist who secretly thinks her work will count for nothing unless it reaches the heights and the public acclaim of Leo Tolstoy's. Less obviously, though, it's also the implicit outlook of those who glumly conclude that their life is ultimately meaningless and that they'd better stop expecting it to feel otherwise. What they really mean is that they've adopted a standard of meaningfulness to which virtually nobody could ever measure up. "We do not disapprove of a chair because it cannot be used to boil water for a nice cup of tea", Landau points out. A chair just isn't the kind of thing that ought to have the capacity to boil water,

• 16:06Speaker 03

  so it isn't a problem that it doesn't. And it is likewise implausible for almost all people to demand of themselves that they be a Michelangelo, a Mozart, or an Einstein. There have only been a few dozen such people in the entire history of humanity. In other words, you almost certainly won't put a dent in the universe. Indeed, depending on the stringency of your criteria, even Steve Jobs, who coined that phrase, failed to leave such a dent. Perhaps the iPhone will be remembered for more generations than anything you or I will ever accomplish, but from a truly cosmic view, it will soon be forgotten, like everything else. No wonder it comes as a relief to be reminded of your insignificance. It's the feeling of realising that you'd been holding yourself all this time to standards

• 16:51Speaker 03

  you couldn't reasonably be expected to meet. And this realisation isn't merely calming, but liberating. Because once you're no longer burdened by such an unrealistic definition of a life well spent, you're freed to consider the possibility that a far wider variety of things might qualify as meaningful ways to use your finite time. You're freed, too, to consider the possibility that many of the things you're already doing with it are more meaningful than you'd supposed, and that until now, you'd subconsciously been devaluing them on the grounds that they weren't significant enough. From this new perspective, it becomes possible to see that preparing nutritious meals for your children might matter as much as anything could ever matter, even if

• 17:34Speaker 03

  you won't be winning any cooking awards, or that your novel's worth writing if it moves or entertains a handful of your contemporaries, even though you know you're no Tolstoy. Or that virtually any career might be a worthwhile way to spend a working life if it makes things slightly better for those it serves. Furthermore, it means that if what we learn from the experience of the coronavirus pandemic is to become just a little more attuned to the needs of our neighbours, we'll have learned something valuable as a result of the great pause, no matter how far off the root and branch transformation of society remains. Cosmic insignificance therapy is an invitation to face the truth about your irrelevance in the grand scheme of things, to embrace it to whatever extent you can.

• 18:18Speaker 03

  Isn't it hilarious in hindsight that you ever imagined things might be otherwise? Truly doing justice to the astonishing gift of a few thousand weeks isn't a matter of resolving to do something remarkable with them. In fact, it entails precisely the opposite: refusing to hold them to an abstract and over-demanding standard of remarkableness against which they can only ever be found wanting, and taking them instead on their own terms, dropping back down from godlike fantasies of cosmic significance into the experience of life as it concretely, finitely, and often enough marvelously really is.

• 18:54Tim Ferriss?

  Hey guys, this is Tim again. Just one more thing before you take off, and that is Five Bullet Friday. Would you enjoy getting a short email from me every Friday that provides a little fun before the weekend? Between one and a half and two million people subscribe to my free newsletter, my super short newsletter called Five Bullet Friday. Easy to sign up, easy to cancel. It is basically a half-page that I send out every Friday to share the coolest things I've found or discovered, or have started exploring over that week. Kind of like my diary of cool things. It often includes articles I'm reading, books I'm reading, albums perhaps, gadgets, gizmos, all sorts of tech tricks and so on. Gets sent to me by my friends, including a lot of podcast guests.

• 19:39Tim Ferriss?

  And these strange esoteric things end up in my field. And then I test them and then I share them with you. So if that sounds fun, again, it's very short. A little tiny bite of goodness before you head off for the weekend, something to think about. If you'd like to try it out, just go to tim.blog/friday. Type that into your browser, tim.blog/friday. Drop in your email and you'll get the very next one. Thanks for listening.