The Affair of the Poisons

In the 17th century, aristocratic France was set on high alert—women were procuring poisons and using it for nefarious, murderous means. It was a scandal that mortified the nobility, quite literally. And it all seemed to come back to one woman, known as La Voisin. Support Noble Blood: — Bonus episodes, stickers, and scripts on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/noblebloodtales — Order Dana's book, 'Anatomy: A Love Story' https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250840578/anatomyalovestory and its sequel 'Immortality: A Love Story' https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250861016/immortalityalovestory See omnystudio.com/listener https://omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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• 0:00Dana Schwartz?

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• 1:35Dana Schwartz?

  Welcome to Noble Blood, a production of iHeartRadio and Grim and Mild from Aaron Mankey. Listener discretion advised. In one of the earliest episodes of this podcast, episode nine to be exact, I told you the story of Marie Madeleine Delbray, the Marquise de Brunville, and her collection of poisons. As a refresher, the Marquise learned the art of poison from her lover, Gardine de Saint Croix, who had himself been taught by a fellow prisoner during a three-month stay in the Bastille, an imprisonment which had been thanks to Marie's angry, powerful father.

• 2:20Dana Schwartz?

  It was a little twisty and complicated. Upon the death of Saint Croix, police found a collection of incriminating letters and notes that gave them reason to believe that the deaths of Marie's father and her two brothers may not have been as natural as the coroners had concluded at the time. The Marquise fled the country but was soon captured and arrested. Under the threat of torture, she admitted to having poisoned her father and brothers, as well as having attempted to poison her sister-in-law and her husband. Her motive, well, possibly revenge,

• 3:02Dana Schwartz?

  but also she claimed she had done it to ensure the futures of herself and her children after her father only left the family fortune to the male line of succession. Three deaths and two attempts were confirmed, but it's of the popular belief that Marie initially tested her poisons on the patients at the hospital where she regularly volunteered, potentially leaving a trail of countless unfortunate victims. The Marquise de Brignville was publicly beheaded and burned on July 16, 1676. A contemporary account reads,

• 3:45Dana Schwartz?

  "Never has Paris seen such crowds of people. Never has the city been so aroused, so intent on a spectacle. If it was a spectacle Paris wanted from the execution, it was a spectacle Paris would get." "Out of so many guilty people, must I be the only one put to death?" the Marquise ominously asked before her execution. "Half the well-born people are involved, and I could ruin them if I were to talk." The trial and beheading of the Marquise was, as she implied,

• 4:26Dana Schwartz?

  "only the beginning, the first domino to fall in a brief, but fascinating period of French history known as the Affair of the Poisons." As summed up a little glibly by the famed memoirist Saint-Simon, "It seems that there are, at certain moments, crimes which become the fashion, like clothes. Poisoning was à la mode at the time." Despite the Marquise's oblique reference, she refused to name names before her death. The nobility, including Louis XIV himself, quickly realized they had cause to fear.

• 5:11Dana Schwartz?

  After all, if a noble, and a noble woman at that, was capable of murder using such methods, who else among them had dirtied their hands? In the words of the Parisian chief of police Gabriel Nicolas de la Rheny, "Who could have predicted that a woman raised in an honorable family, with a seemingly gentle nature, was capable of such premeditation and such a litany of crimes?" The king appointed La Rheny to uncover the Parisian underbelly of black magic and poisons.

• 5:53Dana Schwartz?

  But King Louis would be surprised to learn just how close to home the investigation would take the chief. Today, six years later, oh my goodness, I would like to pick up where we left off in the Affair of the Poisons after the death of the Marquise de Brignville. I would like to tell you the story of the sorceress known as La Vosson and the king's mistress, Madame de Montespan. The story of their lives, their crimes, and the very different outcomes of their unmaskings.

• 6:31Dana Schwartz?

  This is the story of black masses, of love potions, of literal witch hunts, of court intrigue, and of course, of poisons. I'm Dana Schwartz, and this is Noble Blood.

• 6:50Dana Schwartz?

  The arrest and execution of the Marquise de Brin-Villiers in 1676 was an omen of what was to come, but it was the following year, marked by the 1677 arrest of a far less powerful woman, named Madeleine de la Grange, that historians consider the true beginning of the Affaire of the Poisons. Though she would be La Rainie's first lead into the dark underground of Parisian poisoners, she was initially arrested in a scheme that can only be described as harebrained. Unlike the Marquise, de la Grange was not a noblewoman by any means.

• 7:35Dana Schwartz?

  She was instead the 36-year-old widow of a Parisian tax collector, who had himself been hanged for accepting stolen goods. Following her husband's death, de la Grange worked as a fortune teller or divineress who made most of her money by suggesting to clients in poor health that they had actually been poisoned. And luckily for them, she could sell an antidote. She attempted a larger grift when she decided to "marry" an elderly lawyer she knew by the name of Foray. In August of 1676, de la Grange and a man who identified himself as Foray

• 8:19Dana Schwartz?

  visited a notary's office, showing him their certificate of marriage, and they ordered the notary to draw up a marriage contract that left Foray's wealth to his new wife upon his death. Foray, perhaps not shockingly, was an old man who died soon after, and his confused relatives, upon learning they would receive nothing, lodged a formal complaint. The criminal lieutenant of Paris followed the paper trail back to de la Grange and concluded that not only had the marriage certificate been a forgery, the man who had accompanied her to the notary wasn't Foray at all.

• 9:03Dana Schwartz?

  He was, in fact, a priest. The very priest who had "conducted" the marriage in the first place. The pair, La Grange and the priest, were arrested on charges of forgery and murder, as there was now reason to believe the real foray had been poisoned. I must admit, the specific details of this case are not particularly relevant to the larger story here, but how could I resist telling you about such an amazing inheritance scam, conducted by a fortune teller and a priest? It's in the aftermath of her arrest that La Grange becomes a relevant player in the

• 9:45Dana Schwartz?

  affair of the poisons that would captivate France. In February of 1677, from prison, she boldly wrote a letter to the Marquise of Louvois, the king's secretary of state. Louvois was a big deal, but the contents of La Grange's letter, which implied that she had uncovered an espionage ring from one of her fellow prisoners that threatened national security, was enough of a threat for him to want to investigate personally. He arranged for La Grange to be taken to his home so that she could be questioned. We don't know the details of that meeting, but while Louvois acknowledged the very real

• 10:29Dana Schwartz?

  possibility that the prisoner could just be lying to delay her forthcoming trial, he declared that one could not be too careful with an allegation as serious as hers. La Grange was transferred to the Bastille for further questioning, and Louvois put the investigation in the hands of the Chief of Police, Gabriel Nicolas de Lorrainey. Lorrainey had been appointed the Parisian Chief of Police a decade earlier by the king himself, who chose him because, as he declared, "he did not know, quote, 'a better man or a more hard-working magistrate.'"

• 11:10Dana Schwartz?

  It's hard to doubt Lorraine's dedication or efficiency, but his character earned him a fair share of detractors. As the chief of police, his work extended far beyond today's understanding of the position. In fact, his responsibilities were arguably more aligned with the role of a modern mayor. Some of his most well-regarded achievements included installing an extensive system of street lighting that improved pedestrian life and reduced late-night crime, as well as measures to improve Paris's cleanliness, turning around its reputation as the then filthiest city in the world.

• 11:55Dana Schwartz?

  When he wasn't improving infrastructure, Lorraine was leading high-profile investigations, usually at the behest of the king himself, uncovering a different kind of filth in the city. As instructed by Lavois, Lorraine questioned Lagrange at the Bastille about this alleged espionage ring. This time, she not only spoke of the espionage ring, but she insinuated there was a plot in motion to assassinate both the king and the Dauphin, the prince. After she provided weak evidence and refused to speak further, she was transferred back to her original prison to await trial.

• 12:41Dana Schwartz?

  However, things took a turn for the dramatic when an anonymous letter was found in a Paris church. Depending on the level of drama in the account you read, some say the letter was slipped directly to a priest through the confessional window by a mysterious woman. However it got there, the letter was ostensibly written by a widow who had been told by an admirer of his intent to place a white powder on the napkin of a person so powerful his name could not be mentioned. The writer of the letter for her own safety, as she would be considered a responsible party for merely possessing

• 13:26Dana Schwartz?

  knowledge of the act, the standard in cases of treason. The letter put La Rainie on alert, but what he truly sought was from where and from whom this alleged poison was coming from. Could this all be connected to the claims of a larger ring that La Grange had been making? La Rainie gathered further insight when a nobleman and his entourage were arrested for fraud, and as it turned out, they may have been involved in the international poison market. When taken into custody, the girlfriend of one of these men quoted her paramour as often

• 14:10Dana Schwartz?

  declaring, quote, "Madame de Brinville was not dead, she had left behind heirs." La Rainie gained his in with those poisoning heirs in late 1678. In December, Marie Vigaro, a former wet nurse to the aristocracy and present-day fortune-teller, yes, another fortune-teller, was hosting a small dinner party. Guests included a lawyer, Monsieur Perrin, and a wealthy widow, Marie Boss. Boss evidently overindulged on Vigaro's wine, declared to the table that things were going

• 14:53Dana Schwartz?

  so well for her that once she had poisoned three more people, she would be able to retire. A deeply unsettled Monsieur Perrin reported Boss's words to the police, and both she and her host, Marie Vigaro, were arrested in January. They were taken to a prison where all suspected poisoners were kept over the following three years. Through his questioning, La Rainier soon learned that La Bosse and Vigareau shared clients, and even La Grange and La Bosse sometimes worked together.

• 15:33Dana Schwartz?

  After countless vague allusions and dead leads, this was enough confirmation for La Rainier to seriously believe that there was an active network of poisoners in Paris, somehow connected to the world of fortune tellers. The homes of both La Bosse and Vigareau were searched, and a casket belonging to La Bosse was found to contain nail clippings and samples of, apologies, menstrual blood, as well as arsenic and nitric acid. You know, classic girl stuff.

• 16:13Dana Schwartz?

  From that point on, La Rainier's investigation focused on the fortune tellers and divineresses of Paris. By one estimation, there were at least 400 active practitioners in the city, the vast majority of them women. Clients came to these women for an extensive variety of reasons. A year before the investigation began, the poet Jean de la Fontaine wrote this handy verse: "Lost a hanky, lost a lover, Your husband living too long for your taste? A tiresome mother, a jealous wife, Off you go to the sorceress to get the news you want to hear."

• 16:56Dana Schwartz?

  Such a client might have wanted to know their future through palm reading, or a horoscope reading, or even a reading of their facial features. "I see three children in your cheekbones." Perhaps these clients were seeking minor remedies for ailments such as toothaches, or herbal creams to improve their complexions. Some clients, if they knew the right fortune tellers to go to, sought abortions. Perhaps the largest number of these clients needed assistance in their love life. And most of them were struggling in unhappy marriages. Some wanted their abusive or neglectful husbands to treat them better.

• 17:40Dana Schwartz?

  Some wanted predictions on when their husbands would die. The divine arrests, therefore, served a fascinating role in the lives of Parisian women. The fortune teller was at once a woman's pharmacist, healthcare provider, emotional support, therapist, soothsayer, and sometimes best weapon. But divine arrests were importantly, first and foremost, business women. As interrogations would prove, many were exceptionally cold-hearted towards their clients, exploiting their pain for money.

• 18:20Dana Schwartz?

  They did not see themselves as the just liberators of downtrodden women, rather just women who had also been dealt poor hands, trying to survive and thrive for themselves, same as everyone. Business thrived because their network filled a void in society where women in distress often had few other options. It is a grim truth to acknowledge that while a number of women turned to poison to gain power or marry a younger lover, many other women, especially those who were not nobility, sought poison as their last resource to escape an abusive marriage or to gain financial

• 19:05Dana Schwartz?

  independence. The connection between women and poison predates the Old Testament, and by the 17th century, it was widely stereotyped as a woman's weapon. Much of the reason the more outlandish claims made during the affair of the poison were even acknowledged by "sensible" men, like La Renni, was the existing cultural anxiety surrounding the gender dynamics of the crimes of poisoning and witchcraft. Many divine Interesses also practiced forms of witchcraft and turned to spells for their most troubling cases.

• 19:48Dana Schwartz?

  La Bosse believed rituals involving menstrual blood were good for strengthening love, while those involving urine were used for harm. Pro tip. La Voison, the most infamous divine arrest in Paris, the most infamous fortune teller of them all, agreed. When a client asked to get rid of her husband, La Voison asked for a sample of his urine and the shell of eggs he had eaten. When spells didn't work, La Voison had other tricks up her sleeve. As she once supposedly told another client, quote, "Suffice to say that for me, nothing

• 20:33Dana Schwartz?

  is impossible. I've made other women happy, just bring the money." On paper, the practice of magic was punishable by law, but at this point in Parisian history, it was not actively persecuted. 1625 had been the last time a, quote, "witch" was executed by the Parisian Parliament. As the historian Alfred Somon has argued, quote, "Witchcraft trials came to an early end in France, not because people stopped believing in witches, but because the central authorities considered the trials scandalous and unbefitting the dignity of the king's

• 21:17Dana Schwartz?

  justice." La Rainier's investigation in turn became an unusual kind of witch hunt. He was far more interested in the very practical side of a sorceress's business than the magical doings, though these women would not be tried as witches. They would often meet similar ends as if they had been. Look at the fate of La Grange, the woman who, if you'll recall, kick-started this investigation. Despite pressure from Parliament, the King and La Rainie fought to delay her execution in the hopes of extracting more information from her.

• 22:01Dana Schwartz?

  But further torture yielded no valuable intel. La Grange and her priest accomplice, remember from the inheritance scam, were ultimately executed on the evening of February 8th, 1679. And any of their remaining secrets or lies died with them. But the interrogations of the fortune teller La Bosse and Vigaro did prove fruitful. For example, La Rainie quickly learned that the women shared a client, Madame de Pouillon, who had recently been put in a convent by her husband after he had been warned that she was trying to kill him.

• 22:47Dana Schwartz?

  While many women throughout history have been sent to convents or institutionalized under fabricated pretenses by the men in their lives, Madame de Pouillon was, in fact, actually attempting to do what she had been accused of. She had worked with both La Bosse and Vigaro on multiple failed attempts to poison her husband after the charming scammer that she was having an affair with kept demanding more and more money from her. Turns out, Bosse and Vigaro knew a lot of would-be poisoners. The more that the two women talked, the more divine arrests and their clients end up in prison alongside them.

• 23:32Dana Schwartz?

  A number of the prisoners, especially La Bosse, spoke at length and in detail about that one notorious sorceress in particular, La Voison.

• 23:45Dana Schwartz?

  La Voison was a rival of Boss's. "All of the world came to see her," reported one prisoner. "Most of the ladies in Paris have been to see her," claimed another. One divineress, when asked about her business with pregnant women, diverted suspicion by claiming that La Voison was Paris's go-to abortion provider. Boss estimated that La Voison made 100,000 livres a year from her "evil dealings", while another put the figure more reasonably close to 10,000. La Rainie was particularly interested in La Boss's divulgence

• 24:29Dana Schwartz?

  that an unnamed lady of rank had offered La Voison 6,000 livres if she could bring about the death of her husband. On March 12, 1679, La Voison, real name Catherine Montvoison, was arrested leaving her local parish, where she regularly attended Mass. Though this may seem at odds with everything else we know about that woman, La Voison did not believe her faith was in conflict with her practice of alleged magic. At this point in her life, she was somewhere between her late 30s and early 40s,

• 25:12Dana Schwartz?

  but young Catherine began honing her divining skills, or, as she phrased it, cultivating the knowledge God had given her since she was nine years old. Part of the reason she was so popular was that many clients were comforted by her pious religious nature. An anecdote goes that, once, having performed an abortion with a midwife she employed, she wept with joy as the fetus was baptized, believing that she had been its salvation rather than its damnation. Yes, she was, as she had been accused of being Paris's go-to abortion provider.

• 25:55Dana Schwartz?

  At the time, abortion was a capital offence, and both the mother and the midwife were liable to the death penalty. Still, in 1660, Parliament had been informed by churchmen that in the past year alone, 600 women in Paris had confessed to aborting pregnancies. When later put on the stand, La Voison's midwife argued that she was preserving the honour of ladies of rank when she terminated their unwanted, perhaps embarrassing pregnancies. La Voison ran her business out of the garden of her home in the suburbs of Paris.

• 26:39Dana Schwartz?

  One colleague enviously described a typical day in La Voison's life. "Before she got up every morning, there were folk waiting to see her, and throughout the rest of the day, she was with more people. After that, she kept open house in the evening, with violins playing, and was always making merry."

• 27:02Dana Schwartz?

  The ideal work-from-home situation. But despite the merrymaking, La Voison was extremely serious about her work, both out of pride and necessity. Her husband, Antoine Montvezin, was a failed silk merchant and jeweler, all of his businesses having gone bankrupt. It was up to his wife then to feed the couple and their many children. Antoine did not really seem like the grateful type. Catherine La Voison complained that he would often get drunk and treat her badly. When a client or a colleague encountered La Voison,

• 27:41Dana Schwartz?

  the standard polite way to greet her was to inquire whether her husband had died yet. During her interrogation, she told Lorraineie that she never attempted to kill her husband, but evidence would suggest otherwise. While her marriage was unhappy, she still maintained an active love life through numerous affairs with magicians, alchemists, and even a nobleman to whom she had taught palmistry.

• 28:14Dana Schwartz?

  La Voison was first interrogated on March 17th. Her initial strategy was the same as her rival La Bosse's, to turn all accusations back toward her rival. It appears that in earlier years, the two had actually had a professional partnership, with Voison sending clients to Bosse. But a fight over their share of profits turned the relationship bitter. It later came to light that Voison believed Bosse had denied her "her fair share of profits" from a poison job, despite the widow's generous payout. When asked about that widow, La Voison answered that she had known of Madame Brunet's hatred for her husband,

• 28:58Dana Schwartz?

  but had few interactions with the woman. She had instead discussed the situation with La Bosse and urged her fellow divineress to do nothing detrimental to, quote, "the glory of God in their salvation." La Renni, understanding the dynamic between these two women, devised a setup so devious, it has only been used since by housewives producers. The following day, Voison and Bosse were brought together for a confrontation. La Bosse, having learned what Voison had claimed the day before, launched into her own series of accusations. She claimed that Voison tried to sell that widow

• 29:42Dana Schwartz?

  a powder allegedly consisting of finely ground diamonds that would shred her husband's intestines when ingested. The widow declined to purchase the expensive and likely falsely advertised powder, but ultimately paid Voison for her services in 400 livres cash and a diamond cross. La Bosse didn't stop with her accusations there. She repeated her claim about the Lady of Rank and the 6,000 livres offer, adding that the woman had asked her to poison a bouquet of flowers. La Bosse additionally alleged that Voison had been involved with another high-born woman

• 30:26Dana Schwartz?

  who had gifted La Voison her mourning clothes to thank her for dealing with her husband.

• 30:34Dana Schwartz?

  Still not finished, La Bossa purported that La Voison had in fact tried to kill her hated husband multiple times, once with the aid of her lover, a magician who intended to bury a sheep's heart in the backyard as part of a spell. Another time, La Bossa herself had been enlisted to poison Montvoison's wine, but she added only a few drops. La Voison denied her dealings with that first widow, but ultimately conceded to some of the other claims. Yes, her magician lover had buried the sheep's heart, but when her husband began to have

• 31:17Dana Schwartz?

  stomach pains, she was so overcome with guilt that she went to confession and, after having received absolution, instructed her lover to undo the spell. And yes, she had been approached by one lady of rank who wanted a poisonous bouquet, as well as another who gave her her mourning clothes. Those, she claimed, were not gifted for performing a service, but instead accompanied by a note reading, "Madame Voison, perhaps this will bring you luck, and, if God permits, that your husband dies, you can use them."

• 31:56Dana Schwartz?

  Further into interrogations, La Bossa admitted that, with the encouragement of La Voison, it was she who supplied that first widow with the liquid she used to poison her husband. La Bossa had received the liquid from none other than, remember her, La Grange, thus confirming La Renné's long-held suspicions that this poison web was all connected.

• 32:25Dana Schwartz?

  Voisin would go on to name the morning clothes client as the wealthy, respected Madame Lefran, and the bouquet client as the society figure Madame de Joux. The king was shocked to hear these women named, but Voisin's testimony was substantial enough for him to order their arrests. By this point, it was early April, and the arrests were beginning to cause quite the stir. "The multitude of distinguished people arrested for poison grows every day", the English ambassador to France reported to the secretary of state.

• 33:08Dana Schwartz?

  The first trials of the affair of the poisons began in May, but they would not be conducted through the regular courts. Back in March, when it became clear that numerous trials would be necessary, the king formed a special committee to hear the cases. Fourteen commissioners were chosen by the king to serve as judges, including La Rheny. Additionally, La Rheny was appointed rapporteur to the commission, which meant it was his job to outline the evidence to his fellow commissioners, all while still being in charge of the investigation. "In effect", the historian Anne Somerset writes,

• 33:50Dana Schwartz?

  "he acted as a detective, prosecutor, and judge." One reason for forming the commission was that the king did not want the regular courts overwhelmed with poisoning cases. But another, perhaps more relevant, reason was that the king anticipated numerous high-ranking people would be implicated, so he preferred to handpick commissioners who could maintain discretion. The committee became known as, in English, "the burning chamber".

• 34:27Dana Schwartz?

  On May 7, La Boss and Madame Vigereau were the first accused to stand trial. Two days later, they were sentenced to death, with the chamber ordering their torture before their execution. The executions took place on May 10, and also included La Boss's son, who was hanged for admitting to helping his mother prepare her poisons. Boss was not afforded such a simple death. For the extent of her crimes, the commission sentenced her to be burnt at the stake. It was on their order that Boss's 14-year-old daughter be brought to watch her mother burn

• 35:11Dana Schwartz?

  alive, in an attempt to deter the girl from following in her mother's footsteps. Vigereau would have met with the exact same fate, had she not died during the torture. Deaths continued throughout the summer. That widow aided by both Boss and Voisin, possibly, was hanged in June, for the murder of her husband. The midwife that Voisin had employed met the same fate in August. La Voisin survived longer than her contemporaries, if only because La Guinée believed she had more to say.

• 35:51Dana Schwartz?

  On September 16, Louvois excitedly informed the king that, quote, "La Voisin's really beginning to talk." Though she claimed it pained her, she began to name names of her clients, including a countess and her sister, a duchess. The king, growing concerned about the direction the investigation was now taking, began to make contingency plans. He ordered that when certain prisoners were interrogated, their answers be recorded on separate sheets of paper, rather than the usual bound volumes, easier to erase from the record should the need arise.

• 36:35Dana Schwartz?

  On January 23rd, 1680, arrest warrants were issued for four nobles, including the Countess, Comtesse de Soissons, and the Duke of Luxembourg. On the same day, five other nobles received lesser forms of summons. The court and Paris at large were abuzz with the news. In Paris, a play called "The Divine Ress" was so popular that it had to turn away around 400 eager theatergoers each night, and ended up making more money than any previous French production.

• 37:17Dana Schwartz?

  It was rumored that L'Araigny himself had advised the playwrights on its accuracy, but that was almost certainly untrue.

• 37:28Dana Schwartz?

  Though many fashionable nobles were now caught up in the scandal, two names uncovered in the interrogation remained concealed. They were the Duchess de Vivon and her sister-in-law, Madame de Montespan, aka "the king's official mistress." Montespan was born into one of the oldest noble families in France. She joined court when she became a maid of honor to the king's new sister-in-law, Princess Henrietta, at age 20. She was ambitious and quickly set her sights on King Louis XIV. As one courtier described it,

• 38:11Dana Schwartz?

  "She had designs on the king's heart and started laying her plans from the day she came to court." Despite Montespan's reported beauty, the king was uninterested and even actively disliked her for a time. At age 23, she agreed to marry the Marquise de Montespan. Though they were happy for a time, the marriage fell apart after the birth of their second child. At 25, she was summoned to return to court as a lady-in-waiting for Queen Marie-Thérèse. Within a year, Montespan managed to gain Louis’s affections,

• 38:50Dana Schwartz?

  having expertly endeared herself to both the queen and the king’s then-current favorite. As reported by a courtier, “By these means she contrived to be constantly in the king’s immediate entourage, and she exerted every effort to please him, in which she succeeded very well, being bountifully endowed with wit and charm, in contrast to his previous favorite, who was sadly lacking in these qualities.” The Marquise and Madame de Montespan were formally separated in 1670.

• 39:31Dana Schwartz?

  Madame would go on to have eight children with Louis XIV, all of whom were legitimised. She was a passionate patron of the arts and actively interested in politics, even believed to have influence over the workings of the monarchy. She was often referred to as “the king’s second wife” or “the real queen of France.” Poor Marie-Thérèse.

• 39:59Dana Schwartz?

  Even before the affair of the poison began, rumours of sorcery existed within the power-hungry court of Louis XIV. “There must be some kind of sorcery you practise in connection with the high life you lead,” wrote the famed letter-writer Madame de Seveny to her daughter, mystified as to how she kept up with her expenses. “I think you must resort to black magic, as must these impecunious courtiers.”

• 40:29Dana Schwartz?

  La Voison would never admit her connection to Madame de Montespan. In fact, she would take that knowledge to her grave. On February 22, 1680, La Voison was transferred to the Bastille, where a priest would hear her final confession before she was taken to her execution. Despite her lifelong faith, she did not find comfort in those final moments, allegedly shoving away the crucifix her confessor stretched towards her. She did not go gently to the stake either, although who can blame her? She reportedly had to be dragged out of the tumbrel and continued to resist from there.

• 41:13Dana Schwartz?

  According to one spectator, "five or six times she pushed aside the straw, but finally the flames leapt up, enveloped her, and she was lost to sight." It was La Voison's daughter, Marie Marguerite Montespan, who eventually revealed the truth. Though Marie had been arrested for assisting her mother back in January, it wasn't until July, five months after her mother's execution, that Marie began to talk. A lot. She claimed that Madame de Montespan had been a client of her mother's for five or six years.

• 41:54Dana Schwartz?

  "Every time she feared the good graces of the king were diminishing, Marie explained, 'She advised my mother of it, so she could bring a remedy.' My mother, therefore, said masses over these powders destined for the king. They were powders for love." However, Marie claimed that in more recent years, Montespan's devotion transformed into rage when she felt the king's affections diminishing. She began to ask for more extreme measures to be taken. That's when, alongside an elderly priest in her employ, Voison arranged for a black mass to be conducted in her home.

• 42:39Dana Schwartz?

  According to Marie, the lady who participated in a black mass laid on a mattress and produced her naked stomach, unto which the priest would place the cross and the chalice. Most unnervingly, Marie claimed that her mother and the priest used the blood of an aborted baby as part of the ceremony, taking the place of the sacramental wine. Marie alleged that Madame de Montespan herself carried the chalice.

• 43:14Dana Schwartz?

  In his own testimony, the old priest recalled the satanic pact he had seen written by Madame de Montespan. "I ask that the affection of the king and monseigneur the Dauphin be continued towards me, that the queen be sterile, that the king leave her bed and table for me, that I be well-treated and respected by the high nobility, that I can be called to the king's councils and know what happened there, that the king abandon and not consider his former favorite, and that, the queen being repudiated, I can marry the king."

• 43:56Dana Schwartz?

  Even still, Marie's most alarming allegation was that Madame de Montespan, La Voison, and several other collaborators had been actively working on a plot to poison the king. All those alleged to be involved, however, vehemently denied such a plot ever existed. Louis was informed of Marie's divulgences during the interrogation, but we don't know what he thought of them. La Renné believed Marie was likely fabricating the assassination plot, but he was reluctant to dismiss everything she had said and sought to corroborate her allegations.

• 44:41Dana Schwartz?

  Undergoing torture, another divine arrest confirmed that Madame de Montespan had indeed purchased love powders and poisons. However, she later claimed that she had only said those things to free herself from the pain of torture. The details of that confession were relayed to the king, who found himself in a predicament. If he followed his own established procedure and shared the transcript with the burning chamber, he feared that despite his best attempts, Paris would be abuzz with scandal. Still, not knowing whether she was truly guilty, Madame de Montespan's reputation

• 45:26Dana Schwartz?

  could be forever tainted by false testimony. It would also, of course, reflect embarrassingly upon Louis if the public learned his mistress had ensnared him with love potions. Thus, the king asked La Rainie to continue discreetly. Ultimately, La Rainie decided to temporarily suspend the burning chamber to give himself more time. By early 1681, La Rainie concluded he had more reason to believe than disbelieve that Madame de Montespan had been involved in criminal activity. He was, however, reluctant to act upon his belief.

• 46:10Dana Schwartz?

  As he wrote to Louvois, he wasn't sure if he believed punishing her was conducive, "to the glory of God in the interests of the king, and consequently that of the state, or for the good of justice to appraise the public of facts of this kind." On the other hand, he questioned, "If these crimes are hidden, what other strange and unknown things will befall if one does not dare to penalize crimes on account of their enormity?" In the spring of 1681, the king called a meeting with those in the know to advise his course of action. After hearing their arguments, he decreed that he would not formally disband the chamber,

• 46:55Dana Schwartz?

  but he did not wish to hear any evidence which discredited Madame de Montespan. Historians still debate whether he sought to protect his mistress, himself, or he genuinely believed the allegations untrue.

• 47:11Dana Schwartz?

  The Burning Chamber resumed activities after a nine-month hiatus on May 19, 1681, before dissolving for good on July 21, 1682. During its time, the Special Criminal Commission charged 442 individuals, issued 319 arrest warrants, and pronounced 104 judgments, including 36 death sentences, five life imprisonments, and 23 banishments. Madame de Montespan remained at court, and perhaps never learned of the allegations against her.

• 47:52Dana Schwartz?

  She, perhaps understandably, however, did fall out of favor. And following the death of the Queen, the King went on to secretly marry his new beloved, the Marquise de Montenon. Montespan ultimately left court in 1691, retiring to Paris. After her death in 1707, and La Reine's death in 1709, the King sought to destroy all evidence from the trial related to his mistress. When he received those documents, they met the same fate as La Voison: burned to ashes.

• 48:33Dana Schwartz?

  But some things always slip through the cracks. That's the story of the Affaire of the Poison, but keep listening after a brief sponsor break to hear a little bit more about the affair's larger cultural legacy.

• 48:57Speaker 02

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• 49:25Dana Schwartz?

  You know all those pieces in your closet that you find yourself reaching for over and over again? You know, the sweater that works with every outfit you try on and the jeans that you know will always fit you just right? Or the bag you carry everywhere? Those are the exact pieces that earn a place in your wardrobe. And that's exactly what Quince does so well. Quince makes elevated everyday essentials using premium materials like Mongolian cashmere, organic cotton, and premium stretch denim. The designs are timeless, thoughtfully crafted, made to be worn again and again. And as the weather gets colder, Quince has everything you need to round out your wardrobe.

• 50:04Dana Schwartz?

  From warm, responsibly sourced down jackets and cozy cashmere scarves and gloves to beautiful 14-karat jewelry that adds the perfect finishing touch and hem might make an excellent holiday present. Quince also doesn't just do clothes. My work bag, my leather bag that I bring every day with me to work is from Quince and I absolutely love it. It goes with everything I wear and it's just like a classic that makes me feel sophisticated and grown up. And everything at Quince is priced 50 to 80% less than similar brands because they work directly with ethical factories, cutting out the middlemen. So you're paying for quality and not brand markup.

• 50:46Dana Schwartz?

  Find the fall pieces you will reach for most at quince.com. Download the Quince app for app-exclusive offers or go to quince.com. Get free shipping on your order and 365-day returns, now available in Canada and the UK, too. And when Quince asks where you heard about them, let them know it was Noble Blood. It is the best way to support this show, honestly, because I just want the Quince sponsorship to continue so I can keep buying Quince clothes and products over and over again. Cleopatra was one of the most famous rulers in history, and somehow, her tomb has never been found.

• 51:30Dana Schwartz?

  Not the tomb, not the body. If you love the strange and unsolved moments from history, you need to meet Dr. Harini Bhatt. She's a clinical pharmacist turned history detective. And on her podcast, Hidden History, she treats the world's greatest mysteries like open case files. Not myths, not superstition, just incomplete explanations waiting for a closer look. Every episode, she reopens the cases history never closed. The Mary Celeste, a ship found sailing the Atlantic with no one aboard. The Voynich Manuscript, a book no one on earth has been able to read.

• 52:15Dana Schwartz?

  The Loch Ness Monster, the science, the hoax, and why the legend won't die. She digs into the evidence and tells you what she thinks really happened. Listen to Hidden History with Dr. Harini Bhatt every Monday. Follow on your favorite podcast app so you don't miss an episode. That's Hidden History with Dr. Harini Bhatt.

• 52:41Speaker 02

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• 53:11Dana Schwartz?

  You know all those pieces in your closet that you find yourself reaching for over and over again? You know, the sweater that works with every outfit you try on and the jeans that you know will always fit you just right? Or the bag you carry everywhere? Those are the exact pieces that earn a place in your wardrobe. And that's exactly what Quince does so well. Quince makes elevated everyday essentials using premium materials like Mongolian cashmere, organic cotton, and premium stretch denim. The designs are timeless, thoughtfully crafted, made to be worn again and again. And as the weather gets colder, Quince has everything you need to round out your wardrobe,

• 53:51Dana Schwartz?

  from warm, responsibly sourced down jackets and cozy cashmere scarves and gloves to beautiful 14-karat jewelry that adds the perfect finishing touch and hem might make an excellent holiday present. Quince also doesn't just do clothes. My work bag, my leather bag that I bring every day with me to work is from Quince, and I absolutely love it. It goes with everything I wear, and it's just like a classic that makes me feel sophisticated and grown up. And everything at Quince is priced 50% to 80% less than similar brands because they work directly with ethical factories, cutting out the middlemen, so you're paying for quality and not brand markup.

• 54:33Dana Schwartz?

  Find the fall pieces you will reach for most at quince.com. Download the Quince app for app-exclusive offers or go to quince.com. Get free shipping on your order and 365-day returns, now available in Canada and the UK, too. And when Quince asks where you heard about them, let them know it was Noble Blood. It is the best way to support this show, honestly, because I just want the Quince sponsorship to continue so I can keep buying Quince clothes and products over and over again. Cleopatra was one of the most famous rulers in history, and somehow, her tomb has never been found.

• 55:17Dana Schwartz?

  Not the tomb, not the body. If you love the strange and unsolved moments from history, you need to meet Dr. Harini Bat. She's a clinical pharmacist turned history detective, and on her podcast, Hidden History, she treats the world's greatest mysteries like open case files. Not myths, not superstition, just in.

• 55:42Dana Schwartz?

  incomplete explanations, waiting for a closer look. Every episode, she reopens the cases history never closed. The Mary Celeste, a ship found sailing the Atlantic with no one aboard. The Voynich Manuscript, a book no one on earth has been able to read. The Loch Ness Monster, the science, the hoax, and why the legend won't die. She digs into the evidence and tells you what she thinks really happened. Listen to Hidden History with Dr. Harini Bhatt every Monday. Follow on your favorite podcast app so you don't miss an episode. That's Hidden History with Dr. Harini Bhatt.

• 56:29Dana Schwartz?

  Part of the reason the accusations made during the affair were not only scandalous, but believable to the public, was a Parisian cultural fascination with the figures of Medea and Circe, both of whom poisoned their romantic rivals. Twelve productions, including court ballets, plays, and operas, depicted Medea. Depicting Medea premiered during the reign of Louis XIV. Circe, for her part, the mythical witch, featured in eight. Medea, like the divineresses of Paris, was both a sorceress and a poisoner.

• 57:10Dana Schwartz?

  Inspired by Euripides' telling, Pierre Cornell's 1635 tragedy, Medie, shows its protagonist coating a set of robes in poison to kill both her romantic rival and her father. See how many serpents at my command, delayed but a moment, and constrained to obey my baleful spell, have vomited all their pestilence on this fatal gift.

• 57:41Dana Schwartz?

  The play drew upon the ancient connections between women, poison, vengeance, and magic that would arise in the case of Madame de Montespan. There's another connection as well. As Medea ultimately escaped judgment thanks to a chariot from the sun god Helios, Madame de Montespan escaped trial thanks to the intervention of the sun king.

• 58:18Dana Schwartz?

  Noble Blood is a production of iHeartRadio and Grim and Mild from Aaron Manke. Noble Blood is hosted by me, Dana Schwartz, with additional writing and research by Hannah Johnston, Hannah Zwick, Courtney Sender, Amy Height, and Giulia Malani. The show is edited and produced by Jesse Funk with supervising producer Reema Ilkayali and executive producers Aaron Manke, Trevor Young, and Matt Frederick. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.

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  ZOLAR 150mg is a prescription medication used to treat food allergy in people one year of age and older to reduce allergic reactions due to accidental exposure to one or more foods. While taking ZOLAR, you should continue to avoid all foods to which you are allergic. Don't use if you are allergic to ZOLAR. ZOLAR may cause a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Tell your doctor if you ever had anaphylaxis. Get help right away if you have trouble breathing or if you have swelling of your throat or tongue. ZOLAR should not be used for the emergency treatment of allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. ZOLAR is for maintenance use to reduce allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, while avoiding food allergens. Serious side effects such as cancer, fever, muscle aches and rash, parasitic infection, or heart and circulation problems have been reported. Please see zolar.com for full prescribing information. Ask an allergist about ZOLAR. This is an advertisement for ZOLAR

• 1:00:59Speaker 04

  paid for by Genentech and Novartis.

• 1:01:02Dana Schwartz?

  This is an iHeart Podcast. Guaranteed Human.