Ep. 328: Analog Mode

There’s a video trending on the internet at the moment arguing that its audience (presumably, young men) should disappear from the world to focus on going “beast mode” on their goals. Cal takes a closer look at this video and argues that it points toward a much larger issue – a mismatch between the modern digital environment and our human brains – that affects all of us. He then answers listener questions and calls and concludes with a tech corner segment. Below are the questions covered in today's episode (with their timestamps). Get your questions answered by Cal! Here’s the link: bit.ly/3U3sTvo Video from today’s episode: youtube.com/calnewportmedia Deep Dive: Analog Mode [2:39] - How do I go about restructuring my life after a shake-up? [29:50] - Should I take breaks from my AirPods? [36:03] - How can I adopt the discipline ladder to “multi-scale” planning? [38:54] - How do I regain a sense of time in a period of isolation and challenge? [43:41] - Should I quit some of my side projects? [48:50] - CALL: How should I time block on sabbatical? [55:27] CASE STUDY: Building Studio Z [1:03:18] TECH CORNER: Section 230 and Poison Pills [1:15:10] Links: Buy Cal’s latest book, “Slow Productivity” at calnewport.com/slow Get a signed copy of Cal’s “Slow Productivity” at peoplesbooktakoma.com/event/cal-newport/ Cal’s monthly book directory: bramses.notion.site/059db2641def4a88988b4d2cee4657ba? youtube.com/watch?v=p5a7whN1k64 promarket.org/2020/12/13/liberals-conservatives-wrong-section-230-reform-repeal/ Thanks to our Sponsors: eightsleep.com/deepzbiotics.com/deep blinkist.com/deep drinklmnt.com/deep Thanks to Jesse Miller for production, Jay Kerstens for the intro music, Kieron Rees for the slow productivity music, and Mark Miles for mastering. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:11Cal Newport?

  I'm Cal Newport and this is Deep Questions, the show about cultivating a deep life in a distracted world.

• 0:24Cal Newport?

  So I'm here in my Deep Work HQ, joined as always by my producer Jesse. Jesse, quick show update. You know, we are experimenting with those occasional Thursday deep dive episodes. Is that what we call them? No, we call them in-depth.

• 0:37Speaker 01

  In-depth.

• 0:38Cal Newport?

  In-depth, where I have on people to talk about ideas relating to cultivating a deep life. Anyways, I've scheduled two more for December.

• 0:46Speaker 01

  Bad dog.

• 0:47Cal Newport?

  I can't announce in advance who it's going to be, or how many all-time points titles they have won, or whether or not their son also plays in the NBA, but we have a pretty big guest coming on. A royal guest. No, it's not LeBron James. But anyways, I like them. So we have a couple more coming up. I want them to come out in December, so stay tuned for those. I'll tell you, here's my rule for those. That's what I like about this being just like an occasional episode. I literally just think, who do I want to talk to? Right? And sometimes it'll be someone who's like really well-known. Sometimes it might not be, but I'm using it as an excuse to have cool conversations with cool people.

• 1:27Speaker 01

  That's good.

• 1:28Cal Newport?

  Yeah. And including people where I've been like, oh, we should catch up. Like, why don't we do it on, why don't we do it on air? So it's good. Couple announcements real briefly. First of all, I wanted to shout out Matt Coleman of the company Cap3, which just bought a big bulk order of slow productivity for their office book club. I, of course, really appreciate when people do that. It's a great book club book because not only is it an interesting conversation, but you may get a much more happy workforce and effective company after you buy the book. So thanks for doing that. I'm happy to shout it out. I'll say right now on the air, Jesse, you know, hey, you do a bulk order for a book club, let Jesse know, and I'm happy to give you a shout out on the air.

• 2:06Speaker 01

  Yeah.

• 2:07Cal Newport?

  So just send that to Jesse at Cal.

• 2:08Speaker 01

  I've been emailing Matt. He's a good dude.

• 2:10Cal Newport?

  Cool. Also, administrative note, we need more calls.

• 2:15Cal Newport?

  We're running low on calls, which means this is probably your best shot right now to get on the show is leaving a call. You can do it right from your browser. Go to the deeplife.com/listen. There's a link there. It's called something like leaving a call or call or voice or something. Yeah, it's easy to do. You can do it from your browser, on your phone, or right from your laptop. We need more calls, so bring those in. All right. I think that's it, Jesse. Let's go on with our deep dive.

• 2:40Cal Newport?

  All right. So several people recently have sent me the same video which seems to be everywhere at the moment on YouTube. The video is called "How to Disappear and Transform." Last time I checked, it had 2.5 million views and counting. Here's what I want to do today. I want to play a clip from this video. I want to get into it. Because when I first watched this video, to be honest, I was a little taken aback. It seemed sort of Nietzschean in a vaguely unsettling way. But as I looked beyond its aesthetics, it became clear that there is a deeper issue at play that goes beyond the immediate audience and topic of the video, one that's probably relevant to you. So we're going to extract some deep truths

• 3:24Cal Newport?

  from this very trendy video. All right. So to get started, I want to play the beginning of this video. If you're watching, instead of just listening, we're going to put the video up in the corner here as well. But we'll have the audio for those who are who are just listening. All right, Jesse, let's load this up.

• 3:40Speaker 02

  The more you open your life up for display, the more people find a way to drag you down. It's a natural sociological phenomenon. There's something powerful about disappearing and working in the shadows. Becoming unavailable and committing to become the next version of you in secret can be exhilarating, exciting, because you know that when you reappear, your transformation will shock the world.

• 4:07Cal Newport?

  All right, Jesse, we can cut them off there. First of all, I always love the music in popular videos. This, I say, I'm thinking Stranger Things.

• 4:18Speaker 01

  Yeah, it was really compelling.

• 4:19Cal Newport?

  Yeah, that music is compelling. Again, I think we put that we put that music behind anything we say here. It's going to seem a lot more, a lot more compelling. Okay, so let's get into it a little bit. So the video, we see the main concept. Disappear, be where people don't know what you're doing. You're not talking about what you're doing. No one really knows what you're up to. Transform yourself and then reappear. I want to walk through just the, these are the chapters of the video. So these are kind of like the steps of the process. So disappear was step one, and that's what we just heard about. Step two was shut it. Step three was only care. Step four was hide your plans. There's a big thing in this about don't talk to anybody about anything you're up to.

• 5:03Cal Newport?

  They make one exception for if you have a life partner. Then we get step one, two, three, four, five. Hide progress, hide pain, pick targets, crush it, reprogram, and then reappear. The question mark is actually consequential. We'll see there in a second. Now, look, there's a certain feel to this video that is in the vein of like a young man. Really has that kind of like young man feel, young man stepping away from society to grind through pain en route to some dream of becoming an Uber mention, a way that's going to awe all of their foes. That's why I had that Nietzsche reference from before. It really kind of has that feel to it. The examples of the goals that you might crush it in this video are also sort of very kind of young man online examples.

• 5:48Cal Newport?

  One is getting shredded. They talk about in the video that you should consider, for example, moving your apartment to be next to the gym so that you can more easily spend more time in the gym. And then the other example is creating a business that quote, prints money in quotes. All right. For those of us who are in other stages of life, we're not sort of like an online young man, this idea of like retreating to an apartment next to the gym and completely cutting ourselves off from other people, like it sounds unappealing and it's easy to dismiss. It's like, this is like a bro culture thing. This is like a very online thing. But as I was trying to digest this video with an open mind, I'm realizing there's a deeper issue in here that is relevant to many more of us. Okay.

• 6:31Cal Newport?

  So for the generation who is the target audience of this video, here's the thing we have to keep in mind, their online selves, that is the version of themselves that they present publicly online over various platforms, social platforms, bulletin boards, even like gaming platforms, Discord, et cetera. Their online selves is a major part of just their overall general identity. And the problem that they are noticing is that their online selves attracts a lot of crap. Like this is endemic and unavoidable in almost any major online space that if your online selves, your discussion of yourself, your ideas, what you're up to, your life in

• 7:12Cal Newport?

  any of these online spaces is going to attract trolling, is going to attract people who are telling you to check yourself. It's going to attract people who are going to put you down, make fun of what you're working on. I was just noticing this the other day. I was on a Reddit thread for Peter Attia fans, because I met Peter and I read his book and I was looking up some information. Like you can't post anything on there without like 10% of the people responding. Why, however, whatever you're doing, whatever fitness thing you're doing, whatever metric that you're measuring, whatever biomarker is just not quite right, you don't know what's going on. Alright. So for the generation where this online selves is actually like a major part of their selves, it really gives them

• 7:57Cal Newport?

  this feel as if their social standing is always under threat. And that they're constantly being judged and they're often being judged poorly. So this is where you get this very strong push we see in this video disappear, right? Because to, to remove yourself from those spaces for someone whose online self is such an integral part of their identity is a major act. It is, is what requires the Stranger Things music and those big animations because it's, it really is a major act in a way that for me to like not go on to the Peter Attia Reddit thread is not like a transformative decision in my life. So rebuilding, so what they're trying to do here, these people who are essentially born online is

• 8:40Cal Newport?

  separate themselves from their online selves. And this is actually pretty traumatic to do. But they are picking up in a very refined sense. This is like a refined amplified version of a problem that I think is relevant to the rest of us. So to explain what the general problem is here, I want to clarify like a general framework I like to use when thinking about the topics we talked about on this show. Like primarily, I see myself when it, when it comes to a lot of my public facing writing is, you would call it like a digital theorist or a technology theorist. I think a lot about how technology impacts our lives and then what we should do about it. Sometimes this gets obscured

• 9:21Cal Newport?

  because the solutions to digital problems are often analog. We talk a lot about solutions. So we talk a lot about analog on here, but so much what I talk about has its roots in the digital. So the framework I use, and we're going to apply it to this particular problem. The framework I like to use is I imagine that right now in the 21st century, Homo sapiens exist in what I call the modern digital environment, the MDE, right? We're in this sort of new kind of novel environment that's defined by networked digital technologies. The modern digital environment often conflicts with our Paleolithic brains and bodies and our Neolithic culture. In these mismatches, we get what I think

• 10:01Cal Newport?

  of as disorders, which I mean in sort of the literal sense of disorders as ways of living that are notably negative. So it's in these mismatches between our brains and culture, which are evolved in times long past with the modern digital environment. We get various disorders. And then we have to figure out how to address them at different levels as individuals, as communities and larger up as like cultures and governments even, right? That's kind of my program. So let's apply that framework here. The relevant aspect of the modern digital environment that's causing a disorder in this case, I think is the introduction of large scale conversation platforms. So any sort of digital platform in which a notably large number of people are brought

• 10:46Cal Newport?

  together to have a conversation, that's what I call a large scale conversation platform. The most famous examples, of course, would be like Twitter slash X or, you know, Instagram, potentially TikTok, etc. You have a huge number of people coming together for a conversation. What makes it large scale is the fact that any individual user is seeing, of course, just a teeny, teeny, minuscule fraction of the actual amount of communication that's happening. So that's very different, for example, than a conversation on like a WhatsApp group with 10 people where you see every message that everyone is sending. So what is the mismatch between this corner of the modern digital environment and ourselves, our species? I think it tricks the brain.

• 11:32Cal Newport?

  So here's the, the, the problem is in a large scale conversation platform, you have a huge number of people saying things, responding back and forth, talking to each other. The platforms have to curate that down to a very tractable conversation for the each individual user. Twitter slash X has 600 million users. The number of tweets per day is astronomical. Of course, you're not seeing these all. You see kind of like a curated feed. Tik Tok has hundreds of millions of videos that are being posted. You can only see a couple hundred, you know, in a, in a given day or whatever. So there's this huge curation that goes on. The curation brings down what you're seeing to seem very similar to a normal social conversation that you would have in a normal analog social context.

• 12:18Cal Newport?

  So you're kind of looking for some threads on like Reddit that look interesting. You're jumping on, or you're jumping on to some conversations on, on, you know, Twitter, for example. The scale of those conversations is recognizable as your brain is like, yeah, we're chatting with people around the fire. We're chatting with people at the town square because it's, it's not that many people. They're talking back and forth. I said this, some people talked back. It feels like you're at a town hall meeting. But in reality, of course, this is all being super curated. The real reality is like you say something. The next door, you have Madison Square Garden full of people all like yelling things and responses. And someone comes through and it's like, hey, over there in section K in the 50th row, that person seems kind of like saying something fun or is catching our attention. Let's bring them over and put them in front of you to respond to you.

• 13:03Cal Newport?

  It feels like you're just responding to one person, but really there's Madison Square Garden full of people and just the most engaging or interesting or attention catching responses are captured. So what we get is the simulacrum of like a normal conversation we've been evolved to have, but the conversation is not really real. It's not with people you know. There's no social stakes. There's no tit for tat expectation as this is someone that you have to live with going forward. So in your interactions, you have to keep that in mind. You need a sustainable relationship. It's instead sort of like algorithmically matched rhetorical bomb throwing.

• 13:34Cal Newport?

  So the disorder this creates is that these curated pseudo-conversations, as I like to call them, when we see them as real, we get very distressed. You constantly feel like you're in a situation that in the analog world would be very rare and very alarming. We constantly feel when we're interacting with these curated pseudo-conversations on large global conversation platforms, we constantly feel as if we just offended someone at the town hall meeting. We said the wrong thing around the Paleolithic campfire, and now we're getting cold stares from the tribal chief, who's like a real beast and is holding a spear in both hands. That is like a very alarming circumstance through most of our history. And our brain doesn't realize that the curated pseudo-conversation is different,

• 14:19Cal Newport?

  so we are distressed at a level and a consistency that would have otherwise been spelling disaster. This is like you're about to get kicked out of Salem or burned at the stake type of disaster. So we get really upset. All right. That is the trend that for these digital natives, these young men who are watching YouTube video, is unavoidable because so much of their life is on there. They have to do something about it. It seems so drastic. But the rest of us that maybe use these platforms less frequently, but on a semi-consistent basis, we still suffer from this. The dosage of the disorder is lower, but it is still a steady drip of this type of social distress, which just makes us less happy. All right. So we've seen this mismatch between

• 15:03Cal Newport?

  the modern digital environment and our species. We've identified the disorder it creates. Now that we know the disorder, we can think about the treatment. The treatment here is simple. We can take like what the video is saying, and we can simplify that to not be so hyperbolic. You don't have to disappear and move next to the gym. But here is my treatment for this disorder of curated pseudo-conversation-induced distress. Don't digitally interact with people that you've never previously been in the same room with before.

• 15:32Cal Newport?

  So what this is saying, this simple heuristic actually does a lot of work for us. Right? It saves us from being too aggressive. The too aggressive thing to do here would be like, don't ever have interactions digitally. Well, that's going too far. Actually, like digital communication tools, these are pretty useful. It's pretty useful if I can like text message a question to a friend of mine, or kind of keep up with like what's going on with my family with like, we could have like a text thread going back and forth, or like the email, some information about an upcoming, like we're going to the game, let me email you the tickets over email. Like there's all sorts of digital conversation. That's great. Zoom calls, remember this, like during the pandemic, the ability to see people in

• 16:15Cal Newport?

  your family or friends face to face, and how now we like, we can still do that with distance relatives. Like all this stuff is great. I mean, I write about in my book, Digital Minimalism, it's not as good as in-person interaction. So you want to be careful not to replace all analog interaction with people you care about with digital. But there's nothing wrong with doing the digital. It's only a problem with people you know, if you let that replace other types of communication. So there's no negative thing that happens being on a text thread with your friends. The only negative thing that could come from that is if because of that thread, you never actually go and do things with your friends ever again. But there's no negative harm from the direct activity. But what this simple

• 16:54Cal Newport?

  heuristic does tell you to take a break from is the strangers online. The post on whatever it is now, Twitter, Blue Sky, or threads where you're angrily replying to someone, the performative posting on Instagram of something that, you know, whatever it is, but you have the hashtag blessed after it. You're going to get some crap for that because that's kind of annoying, like waiting for that, that crap to come back in. Where you're posting for people you don't know. That's what this heuristic says, hey, step away from that. At least see what that feels like. So again, my treatment here, and I'll say it one more time, don't digitally interact with people that you previously, previously have not been in the same room with before. Now, of course, look, there's obvious caveats

• 17:38Cal Newport?

  here. We're talking recreational communication. This doesn't mean like, hey, I can't respond, I'm applying for a job and I can't respond to the new boss because I've never been in the same room with them before. But just in terms of like casual leisure-based interaction, give that a try. That solves this disorder we have. You're not posting in public places means you're not exposing your brain to curated pseudo-conversations, which means the digital world is not giving you the steady dose of distress. Now, this is what I would even tell like the young men who are watching this video is like, I feel the pain that's driving you to this. But you don't have to think about this necessarily through the lens of I'm going to temporarily disappear, and then I'm going to come back. Really, it's this Ubermensch idea in this video.

• 18:23Cal Newport?

  It's like, I'm going to come back so shredded and with so much money, that you can't say anything wrong about, you can't say anything bad about me, right? I'm going to be the king alpha. I'm saying there's a, there's a more consistent solution here. Just don't make this online self so important anymore. You know, hang out with real people, go to the gym, but make friends at the gym. And then like, go get wheatgrass shots or whatever people who are in shape do like after the gym, or whatever, you want to start a business, great. You could get together with some people and start a business and go to a coworking space, be around people, build out your analog life, digitally communicate with people you've met in the real world. Do not have this sort of shadow self who has to exist online. And you'll realize your problem was not other people.

• 19:07Cal Newport?

  Your problem was not that you told people about your goals, or that people had heard stuff that makes you vulnerable. The problem is you're telling people who don't know you and don't care. That's the problem. It's the audience, not what you're saying. So I think, I think there's an interesting lesson in it. So I'm going to give a name to it. I like to give names to things. Stopping digital interaction with people you have not met before in person. We'll call this analog mode. You don't have to disappear, but try analog mode out for a while. This is a particularly good time to do it. I've been listening to these fights recently, Jesse, about these online platforms. Twitter versus Blue Sky versus Threads.

• 19:46Cal Newport?

  Because someone wrote me and said, by the way, oh, there's a Cal Newport on Blue Sky.

• 19:50Speaker 01

  I didn't know what Blue Sky is.

• 19:52Cal Newport?

  It's, my understanding is it's a Twitter style platform, but it maintains the style of content moderation that Twitter had in like 2019, you know, 2020, like the very sort of strong, and then Threads is also a Twitter style interface, but it really downplays politics. So it's trying to be more of like an Instagrammy type place wherever. So there's a Cal Newport on Blue Sky. That's not me. It's really trying to be me. It's my picture. It's my books. Fortunately, whoever this is hasn't posted incendiary things, but you know, who knows?

• 20:33Cal Newport?

  Anyways, the point is, I'm looking at this. It's all these people who, the assumption behind this conversation is like, well, clearly we have to be on a global conversation platform, having curated pseudo conversations. And I'm like, no, the answer is you don't have to be on any of these things. I wrote a New Yorker article about this two summers ago called, "We Don't Need A New Twitter", that really gets into this argument about why global communication platforms, conversation platforms are not intrinsic to the internet. They're not somehow, they're not somehow synonymous with like digital expression and free speech. It's like a weird business move, right? It's the free speech equivalent, I guess, of like Amazon or Walmart saying, "It's important that everything you buy comes from one giant company." That's not that important, actually. Like, we liked when there was a Main Street and there's

• 21:16Cal Newport?

  many other smaller shops. So you don't have to have these digital selves. I mean, it's ironic because I'm very exposed online, but the places I guess I'm exposed are not places people comment. It's podcasts and newsletters. It's like in the people's ears and they read it. It's not in these conversation platforms where people talk about. So there we go. Analog mode. I think this is a great time to give that a try.

• 21:41Speaker 01

  Yeah, I also follow Rogan's advice. I never read the comments on YouTube.

• 21:45Cal Newport?

  So he, I've heard him say posting ghost is his advice, meaning like if you post something, don't, don't go back and read like the comments. I think if, if I ever went on his show, my pitch to him would be like, don't post because it would be so influential, right? Cause I, I don't really know. I guess we could check it out. Can you load up? Is he on Twitter? I guess he'd be on Twitter probably, right? He's buddies with Elon.

• 22:13Speaker 01

  I'm sure he's on Twitter.

• 22:14Cal Newport?

  Do you, I wonder if he even posts on there that much, but I think it would be really influential. If Joe Rogan said, um, I don't, I don't post on social media. There's just like more important things in lives, like be a leader in your community, do cool things, build things. Don't waste time posting at all. I think that'd be so powerful. Don't you think?

• 22:37Cal Newport?

  And yeah, so he could do that.

• 22:39Speaker 01

  Yeah.

• 22:39Cal Newport?

  I convinced Sam Harris to leave Twitter. Maybe that had some influence with some people, but man, if Joe Rogan did it.

• 22:44Speaker 01

  I never, I don't listen to him all the time, but I never heard him complain about, uh.

• 22:49Cal Newport?

  I think he barely, he barely uses it. So I hear, okay. Not to get into a, what Joe Rogan should do through conversation. Uh, he barely uses it. Right. And I think he is super disciplined. So to him, he's saying, what's the problem? Right? I think he barely uses it. He doesn't check comments. He's been in the public eye since, you know, a young age. He's very used to it. So he's like, what's the problem? Like I post in ghosts. Like I put some stuff on there. I think it's funny. Um, it's fine, but the problem is most people can't do what he does. Like most people can't kind of be on it. So even though he doesn't have to quit, like it's not going to make his life much better to quit because he probably barely looks at it. Uh, him quitting would probably be a model to other people. I mean, when he started.

• 23:34Cal Newport?

  It seems like the most arbitrary thing when like Cam Haynes convinced him that hunting deer with a bow and arrow was like a cool thing to do, half the men on the internet started hunting deer with bows and arrows, right? Not that that's a bad thing, but it's like super, super specific. When he decided that like Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, like this very specific martial art was like a cool thing to do, half the men on the internet started doing Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, which is like a very, very specific thing. So imagine if he's like, yeah, just stop using social media.

• 24:01Speaker 01

  But I don't think there's any way to do it because he's boys with Elon and he likes going on X, you know?

• 24:05Cal Newport?

  Ah, that's the problem.

• 24:06Speaker 01

  Like, he's really good friends with him.

• 24:07Cal Newport?

  That's the problem.

• 24:08Speaker 01

  So he's never gonna do it.

• 24:09Cal Newport?

  All right. So I gotta convince Elon first to shut down X. My list is getting harder, Jesse. My two lists are getting harder. All right. We got some good questions. We got a call. We got a tech corner coming up, but first briefly here from a sponsor.

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• 24:39Cal Newport?

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• 25:23Cal Newport?

  it on top of your mattress. The cover is packed with advanced technology that allows it to automatically cool, heat, and even elevate.

• 25:31Cal Newport?

  Here's why this matters. The Pod has been clinically proven to increase quality sleep by up to one hour each night. That's a massive boost to your recovery time, which can translate to better physical performance, improve cognitive function, and enhanced overall health. Having a Pod is like having a sleep coach, personal thermostat, and advanced fitness trainer and tracker, I mean, all rolled into one. The Pod uses precision temperature control to regulate your body's sleep cycles. It can cool down to a chilly 55 degrees Fahrenheit, or warm up all the way to 110 degrees, and it does this separately for each side of the bed. This means you and your partner can each have your ideal sleep temperature. The really cool part, the Pod learns your sleep patterns over time and automatically adjusts the temperature throughout the night to optimize

• 26:13Cal Newport?

  each phase of your sleep. My wife and I have become complete addicts of having the Pod on our bed. So you put this cover on your bed, just like a mattress cover, and then there's a tube that comes out of it, and then like somewhere next to your bed or behind your bed, you have, it looks like an old fashioned PC, like you know, the tower, but it's like kind of black and sleek, and that has water in it, and it like cools or heats it, and it goes to these capillaries, and it can cool each side of the bed or heat it separately. We can't sleep very well without this. It's a problem now when we travel. I sleep hot, so when you have just like this little bit of cool below you, you can have warm blankets on, and you don't overheat because it takes some of

• 26:58Cal Newport?

  that out. We do the differential temperature, so I think my wife is one or maybe two ticks colder than me, but I don't sleep with a shirt on, so if I make it too cold, I can feel it. We know, like if we forgot to turn it on, or forgot to unplug or something, this is how we know it works. We'll be in bed, and then one of us will be like, no, no, no, no, no, something is, this is not comfortable. Like, we are now kind of hopelessly addicted to having one of these. We've been spreading the word because we got the new Ultra Pro, was it the 4, Pod 4 Ultra, and so then we gave our other one away, so we're kind of spreading the word here. This stuff works really well. I love it.

• 27:41Cal Newport?

  We're very happy with it. It's a cool invention. It's one of these things like, okay, this works. I'm glad this exists. So get ready to take your sleep and recovery to the next level. Head over to eightsleep.com/deep and use the code DEEP to get up to $600 off your Pod4 Ultra purchase when bundled. That's eightsleep. You spell out the word eight. eightsleep.com/deep. This offer ends soon, so don't miss out. Trust me, your body will thank you for this investment in better sleep. It's now shipping to many countries worldwide. See details at eightsleep.com/deep. Talked about our body. I want to talk a little bit about your mind and our longtime sponsors at Blinkist. Blinkist is an app that gives

• 28:21Cal Newport?

  you 6,500-plus book summaries and expert-led audio guides to read and listen to in just 15 minutes per title. You can access best-in-class actionable knowledge from 27 categories such as productivity, psychology, and more on the go, and you'll be entertained at the same time. The way Jesse and I use Blinkist is as a triad service for books. If there's a book one of us is interested in, throw it on your queue, either listen to or read the blinks. You can like read it on your phone or listen to the summary like a podcast. It's really easy after reading the summary to figure out, hey, do I want to read this whole book? Or do I have the what I really need to know? I kind of get the gist. So it really helps you figure out when to buy books. I know other people who use it to

• 29:05Cal Newport?

  quickly get the lay of the land on a topic. You listen to blinks on five books related to the same topic. You'll learn a lot about that topic really fast. There's a cool feature I want to mention right now. Blinkist Connect. With Blinkist, you can now give another person unlimited access for free. It's basically two for one. You're getting two for the price of one. Right? So that's with Blinkist Connect. So right now, let's see if we have a deal. We do have a deal. Right now Blinkist has a special offer just for our audience. Go to blinkist.com/deep to start your seven-day free trial. You'll get 40% off a Blinkist Premium Membership. That's Blinkist spelled B-L-I-N-K-I-S-T. Blinkist.com/deep to get

• 29:49Cal Newport?

  40% off any seven-day free trial. Blinkist.com/deep. And remember, now for a limited time, you can even use Blinkist Connect to share your Premium account. You will get two Premium subscriptions for the price of one. All right, Jesse, let's do some questions.

• 30:05Speaker 01

  First question from Tyler. I'm from the Asheville area that was recently hit by Helene. This shakeup made me reflect on how I want to structure my life. How would you recommend someone spend a week or a long weekend this way? What documents, systems, and protocols would you recommend somebody put in place as a good foundation towards a deep life?

• 30:24Cal Newport?

  Well, first of all, I hope things are going better for you in Asheville. A good friend and friend of the show, Brad Stolberg, lives in Asheville. So I really have been able to hear through him, kind of like the details of the challenges there. And in fact, that would be my first bit of advice is check out Brad's work at The Growth Equation. He's got, it's a website he runs with Steve Magnus, another friend of the show. Great newsletter. They've got a great podcast as well called Farewell that I've been on a couple of times. He's thinking about these issues because he's going through it as well. So I'm just going to give a plug to that team over there, Brad and Steve and Clay, et cetera. All right, but let's get more general here.

• 31:06Cal Newport?

  The, the general question here that's relevant to everyone is there's some sort of disruption has happened in your life? And it could be, you know, a climate disaster like this, but it could be medical is another big one. You get a health scare, someone gets really sick, someone dies. It could be professional, like you lose a job, you know, you have to move suddenly or whatever. How do you reset, not just reset, but come out of a disruption? Aim towards reconstructing your life to be not just deep as it was before, but perhaps even deeper. I got some specific advice here. First of all, I would spend at least a week or two using a single purpose journal dedicated to trying to capture and make sense of your reactions to the disruption.

• 31:51Cal Newport?

  So a single purpose journal, we've talked about this in a prior episode. It's a small journal that you use for one specific purpose. So you're like, I'm trying to figure out this one thing, like an idea for a book or a life transformation. I like to use the field notes notebooks for these because they're very small and fit in your pocket. They're about the right size for dealing with just like a single issue. You have to make sense of your intimations about. Your life that have been inspired, changed, or evolved because of the disruption. What is it about your life that now, in light of the disruption, is feeling out of whack? Or is feeling like it's dragging? What is it that's feeling like newly valuable in a way you didn't think about before? What are the insights that are coming up?

• 32:36Cal Newport?

  What type of media is suddenly appealing to you in a way that it didn't before? It's like, why am I suddenly listening to Surf Podcast? Or why is it that like I'm being really attracted to hearing about like Netflix documentaries on sports stars? Like it's a time to become attuned to how you're feeling. Because, and this is a concept I talk about in the book I'm writing now about the deep life. These types of disruptions often shake the sand loose and reveal insights that are previously obscured. So we want to capture those. You're just taking notes, right? Have it with you whenever you're walking the dog or you're just commuting to work. You feel that like a particular rush of insight because you had your first cup of coffee of the morning? Jot down those notes.

• 33:20Cal Newport?

  All right, once you've done that for a while and you're sort of refining these intimations into actual insights. It's time to try to update your lifestyle vision. I would do this in nature. I would try to take one big swing at this. The Asheville area has beautiful hiking up there in those mountains. Go for a hike. It's a couple hours long. And at the summit, sit there and try to work through an updated vision of your ideal lifestyle. Integrating these insights you found through your single purpose journaling. This will be a different vision likely than whatever vision you had before the disruption. And maybe you weren't doing lifestyle centric planning before. So this might just be your first vision you've ever done. Now, once you return from that mountain, which for you Tyler is probably literal because you live in Asheville.

• 34:05Cal Newport?

  And for other people might be metaphorical. Now you do the whole lifestyle planning thing where you work backwards from the vision to figure out how you can move forward closer to it. And now you're talking to your partner. If you're married, now you're thinking through your options. Now you're getting tactical. Now you're having those sort of strategic and tactical decisions. Do we want to really change something about our work situation? Do we want to change something about where we live, our school situation? Is there a big change we want to make in our lives? That's kind of the fun part, also the scary part. But what I'm sort of arguing for here is don't start there. That's the TLDR of this whole advice. Don't start with sitting down tonight and saying, should we move? You want to get there after you've clarified your intimations into insights,

• 34:50Cal Newport?

  and then use those to try to form a lifestyle vision that really resonates, and then work backwards from that vision. That's how you'll avoid just falling into the trap of just trying to do something big for the sake of doing something big. Right? That's how you'll avoid the trap of slamming your hand in the door just to feel something. That's what I sometimes call it, where people make major changes in their life just because they feel stuck, and they're like, at least there's some emotion in making a major change. But if that change is aimless or random, when the excitement wears off, you're not necessarily going to be in a better place. All right. So I think there's opportunity lurking in here. Here is a quote. I'll see if

• 35:29Cal Newport?

  anyone recognizes where this is from. Here's my quote, Jesse. The one character from this anonymous quote says, you know, Dad, the Germans have the same word for crisis and opportunity. And the father in this quote says, yes, Christa-unity. You know where that quote's from? No, The Simpsons. That's Lisa Taketera at Homer. But it's true, right? In crisis, there is opportunity. Actually, speaking of Brad, read his book as well, Masters of Change, is like, all about how to be resilient to change and come out stronger. So this ends up being a big pitch for Brad. All right, Tyler, I hope that helps. Hope you have water back.

• 36:09Cal Newport?

  I know that's the last thing to come. Ash feels beautiful. It'll rise up again. But thanks for giving us a chance to discuss this topic. All right, who do we have next?

• 36:18Speaker 01

  Next question is from Jack. I constantly use my AirPods during gap times throughout the day. I listen while driving to work, doing chores around the house, cooking dinner, eating lunch. I'm torn as I'm always listening to interesting stuff, but am I properly embracing boredom?

• 36:34Cal Newport?

  Yeah, I listen to my AirPods a lot as well. Here's what I recommend. I think the easiest thing to do is to actually schedule the times that you want to not use the AirPods, like, schedule the gap times, as you call them, where you want to be embracing boredom, and then you don't have to worry about it the other times. So in other words, you can make listening to podcasts or audiobooks. A perfectly reasonable default activity. I'm doing the dishes, I'm shaving in the morning. I'm waiting at the car wash. Just make listening to interesting stuff a default and just schedule on a regular basis, times to be without it. That's easier than trying to just debate with yourself moment to moment. Like, oh, I should feel guilty. I've been listening to stuff a lot.

• 37:18Cal Newport?

  I should have time where I'm not listening to things. Should it be now? Well, maybe not now. Don't have this debate with yourself all the time. Schedule the boredom, because that's going to be less often, and AirPods could be the default. The key is to have a good mix of stuff you listen to. It doesn't all have to be incredibly intellectually demanding, but some of it should be. Right? Expose yourself to interesting ideas, listening to interesting books. My one piece of advice is that if you have a regular time you listen that is kind of like time bounded, and I'm thinking in particular, like a morning commute, that's what I used to do, where you're like, I'm listening, I have pretty good energy, and it's a bounded amount of time every day. Think about using that for listening to like something really advanced or complicated, like a learning company, Great Courses style course, where you can listen to like one lecture

• 38:03Cal Newport?

  per morning on your way to work. So have some sort of regular listening session where you're really trying to push yourself into something smarter. But yeah, no, I don't mind listening, especially if you're listening to our show. Schedule the time off instead of scheduling the time when you are listening. I always lose these. I have, Jesse knows this. This happens to be all the time. We have many AirPods boxes because we lose them and then we find them again. I have an AirPod with me. This case is probably at home. I guess I just had one in, and so I have a single AirPod with me without a case. That's kind of like a story of my main relationship to AirPods. My wife bought me a True Story AirTags. I lose these things all the time. Lost the AirTags. Ironically.

• 38:47Speaker 01

  I'm surprised they don't have AirTags for golf balls.

• 38:51Cal Newport?

  Are they too big?

• 38:53Speaker 01

  People are always spending time looking for their golf balls.

• 38:55Cal Newport?

  I agree. A million dollar company right there.

• 38:58Speaker 01

  Yeah.

• 38:58Cal Newport?

  Yeah, find your golf balls. Not relevant for me. I know where to find my golf ball. Middle of the green, baby. But for you duffers out there, you know, I'm a real golfer because I use the term duffer. All right. Who we got next?

• 39:10Speaker 01

  Next question is from Stuck Canuck. As a recovering perfectionist, to use Oliver Berkman's term, I'm trying to take a just start approach to my work instead of thinking endlessly about the perfect way to get it done. I used to get kind of hung up on the right way to do it to the point where I struggle with implementation. Is there a way to adopt your discipline ladder idea to incrementally getting better at frameworks like multi-scale planning?

• 39:33Cal Newport?

  I love the details. This is a Newportian nerd question, which I love. Perfectionism, Berkman's perfectionist framework, discipline ladder, multi-scale planning. You're speaking my language, Stuck Canuck. Okay, here's the first key point I want to make. It's an important point to emphasize. Frameworks and systems for organizing your work and effort can't make hard work not hard. This was like the major trap of the productivity prawn movement from the early 2000s. This was, we've talked on the show before, this is where you got this marriage of sort of sophisticated time management productivity techniques, mainly David Allen's

• 40:14Cal Newport?

  Getting Things Done, which was this like very complicated productivity technique and software. So we're starting to get powerful personal computer software and you had this, these two worlds of people who were in particular like Mac aficionados and David Allen aficionados, who said, wait a second, if we build custom software tools to implement complicated time management, organization, productivity systems, maybe we could make work less hard, like work itself could become like relatively automated. We're kind of just task will pop up automatically out of our Kinkless GTD setup and we just kind of execute small tasks and then over time, stuff gets done. That was the productivity prawn promise that technology plus sufficiently

• 40:57Cal Newport?

  complicated systems will make hard work less hard. The reality and why that movement failed is that hard work is hard to do and a productivity system can't make it unhard. It's hard to write that book chapter and nothing you can do makes you like more likely to want to do it or make it fun. It's still going to be hard. Writing code is hard. Figuring out that business strategy is hard. Having the interview, it's just hard things are hard. All right. So what do frameworks and systems and the right technologies do? I think the better analogy is thinking about like fitness routines at the gym, right? You have a good training program. Does not make the specific

• 41:38Cal Newport?

  day you're in the gym any easier. You still have to go to the gym. Every one of those weights is heavy to lift and you still have to convince yourself to like lift every one of those weights. But over time, having a structure to how you do your exercise is going to make you stronger and you're going to get more results. Like so over time it's better, but it doesn't make work not hard in the moment. So, so first of all, we have to change our expectation. No system is going to make hard work not hard. That being said, okay, so we've lowered the stakes. Then yeah, I think it's perfectly fine to discipline ladder in the systems you use to organize your, your, your task in time. So start with something simple. I do some sort of basic organization and I'm, that's consistent.

• 42:21Cal Newport?

  Then I'm going to ladder that up to like a slightly more complicated system. That's fine. And then when you're comfortable with that. So if that's going to help you kind of ease into like full multi-scale planning, that can be more consistent than just trying to jump into a full system. I think that's absolutely fine, but do not have the expectation that the system, if done right, is going to make hard work easy. And don't go too far. Like a good organizational system should require very little effort from you. It should be automatic. It should be boring. You barely even think about it. If you're having a hard time. Keeping up with a system, maybe you laddered up too fast, but also maybe it's just too complicated, right? Again, it's like a gym routine. If in the gym, you have to spend five minutes before every set, like plugging all this information to an app that's

• 43:06Cal Newport?

  gonna tell you what like your now ideal, like AI-generated best next set to do, and it wants to track with like diodes on your muscles, exactly what the contraction is or whatever, you're gonna stop working out. That's too complicated. What you really want is a piece of paper and it says like, bench press times three. You're like, great, I know what to do. It's helping me be structured, but the system takes very little of my energy. So yeah, if you want to ladder up a little bit to a more complicated system, yeah. But if you're having a hard time sticking with the system, keep in mind that system might be too complicated and keep your expectations reasonable. We want to structure our effort over time to keep work sustainable and keep us working on the things that matter. But systems can't

• 43:50Cal Newport?

  transform the actual experience of doing our work. All right. Who do we got next?

• 43:56Speaker 01

  Next question is from Rebecca. I struggle with feeling like time has lost its usual structure, particularly due to forced isolation and health challenges. This has been going on before COVID so many years now. How can I build a system that helps re-anchor me to a more traditional sense of time while also allowing for the flexibility I need to do my current life constraints?

• 44:18Cal Newport?

  Well Rebecca, first of all, I'm empathetic with what you're talking about here. A lot of people have experienced this in the short term. So you have some sort of disruption to your normal rhythm of life, like a health-related disruption, and you have this sense of, like your term here, like you're disoriented or unanchored. Like my days are just kind of passing by. People in the hospital report this, or if you're recovering from like a really bad flu or from a surgery or something, and it really can be disorienting. The good news is when it comes to anchoring ourselves to a sense of structure and meaning, there's incredible flexibility. There's no rule that says you have to be doing this many

• 45:01Cal Newport?

  things. There's no rule that says like, structure and meaning won't work unless you have a certain type of temporal consistency. Like, it always has to be these things at these days. It can be much more flexible than that. So you can have some anchors that are like, these are the things that are important to me to do. And I have some flexibility about how I do them, like depending on what's going on that day, or this or that, but I don't let them, I don't take my focus off of them. Like, I'm going to connect to people that matter to me. No, and I'm going to do every single day, something along these lines. I'm gonna maybe even check it off in like a metric tracking place. Now, what that means can vary on the day. I can make the call on the day. If I'm like, feeling really bad that day, there's like a health issue going on, it really could be

• 45:46Cal Newport?

  texting someone. On the other hand, if I'm having a good day, I want to go and see someone, spend some time with them. But the key is, I'm anchored to this value, and I do something towards this value every day. Maybe there's like a professional creative project you're working on that's important to you. Like, I work on this, you know, every week or every day, I'm making progress on this, serious progress. It can vary day to day what that means. And maybe for the like, the next two weeks, it's like the most minimal thing. I'm reading a few pages or writing down one idea. And other days, I'm doing more. But what you're anchoring to is like, I work on this thing that's important to me every day. Same thing with physical. I get this a lot. I hear about this a lot from people with health issues that makes their physical capacities highly variable

• 46:29Cal Newport?

  day to day. They will talk about the importance of still prioritizing that. And again, just having flexibility in what that means. Right? I mean, you can imagine someone in their life who is,

• 46:40Cal Newport?

  exercises a lot. It's really important to them. And then they get like hip surgery. Or something like this, right now, they're, they're, they're kind of laid up. They can't go do like a hard workout at the gym. But what they could re-anchor on is like, in my state of recovery, what can I do physically? That's going to be good for my recovery and kind of like the best I can do with my current circumstance. And that's like, that's what they're getting their anchoring out of. So that's what I would say. And I think this can hold more generally for people in a lot of situations. Have the things that matter, these anchors in your life. Take action towards them. A classic logotherapy, have action towards things that matter and make these things that really matter. These relationships really matter. So projects I'm working on that really matters.

• 47:23Cal Newport?

  I think this is important, not arbitrary. Make progress on them, anchor to them, and then just be very flexible in what that progress is, depending on the state you're in. The general rule you want to apply probably is I made progress on this thing to the best of my capabilities, given my specific capabilities today. And that's the thing that you get pride out of. And that's how you find, that's how you find structure, even when it's highly variable in terms of what specific activities you can actually do. I mean, I do this even when I get sick. I'm like, okay, I don't feel well, but I'm going to walk around the block or I'm going to try to read a chapter, you know, like I symbolically almost I'll do, I'm going to text.

• 48:08Cal Newport?

  I'm going to come down and like, see how my kid's day went at school. Like it might be very, very minor what I'm doing with respect to the things I really anchor to. But I just like completely adjust what that means, but I don't dis-anchor from them.

• 48:18Speaker 01

  Yep.

• 48:20Cal Newport?

  All right, what do we got next?

• 48:21Speaker 01

  We have our Slow Productivity Corner.

• 48:23Cal Newport?

  All right, let's hear that theme music.

• 48:33Cal Newport?

  All right, so Slow Productivity Corner is where we answer a question that is related to my most recent book, Slow Productivity, The Lost Art of Accomplishment Without Burnout. I now call it Jesse, my award-winning book after winning the S A E B W, SBA. S A B E W A B E S. It won a major award. I always get the acronym wrong. Also, one of Amazon's best business books of 2024. A lot of what we talk about on the show comes from that book. So if you haven't read it yet, please do. All right, Jesse, what is our slow productivity corner question of the week?

• 49:05Speaker 01

  It's from Dilbert. I'm a full-time journalist with young kids. I'm also slated to write a book and I got a startup. I've tried to eliminate one of the projects but can't. Is there a way for me to pursue these activities in parallel? Or is there a neurotic element here and take a let's see how things line up approach in terms of possible book deal, startup traction, job progress?

• 49:28Cal Newport?

  Well, it is a lot of things. Now, of course, I'm speaking as like the king of doing too many jobs seemingly simultaneously. So I will tell you from my experience, raising kids, writing a book, doing journalism job and starting something new like a startup, it feels like too much. You're gonna have a hard time doing all of those at like a reasonable level. So if it's possible to sort of pause one of those, I would. The word pause sometimes helps people so they don't have to think about quitting something or stopping something. If you can't, I'm gonna say lean into the slow productivity principle of work at a natural pace. Just slow down the pace at which you expect to

• 50:13Cal Newport?

  make progress at each of these things. Double the amount of time you're gonna spend on your book. We kind of key in on these things sometimes of like, in theory, I could have this book done in eight months. In fact, my publisher would be happy if I got this book done in eight months. My friend over there got their book done in eight months. So I have to get this done in eight months. But if you say, look, I have these other things going on, it's going to be 16 months. Yeah, grumble, grumble, grumble, people move on with their lives. And now you've given yourself the the ability to go slower, take steady progress, but slower progress. You're guiding a startup, sure. But maybe you end up having to like more limit or the startup is going to start much slower. We're going to just really try to get just this one product and just do a few clients.

• 50:58Cal Newport?

  And we're going to take two years instead of one to get this thing up and running. The number of articles I'm running as and my journalists, it's like going to be fewer than I was doing before. I during this period, I can't volunteer for all the things for my kids. I have to say I'm in this busy period, so I'm saying no to some of these volunteer things. And later, when I'm less busy, I'll volunteer for more, right? So you could just slow things down. You don't have to do everything at what would be the theoretical maximum pace. That is a strategy that a lot of people use. It's a strategy I use. I take time for things. Also, I'm often interleaving things.

• 51:36Cal Newport?

  So you could think about, I told you like maybe to pause a couple of things. So you finish something, then bring something else back. There's something called the illusion of concurrency that you see often when you look at the records of what seem to be highly accomplished people. And that's where you you do temporal collapse. You see this long list of things that people did. And you collapse your understanding of their execution, how you imagine they were done. You collapse the times, you imagine them all being done at the same time. I am often subjected to the illusion of concurrency. There's like various things up to, I've written eight books. I have a bunch of like papers I've written and a bunch of citations, right? I've written all these articles for the New Yorker, I have the podcast.

• 52:21Cal Newport?

  People see that just written next to each other. And they do temporal collapse and imagine someone doing all that stuff at the same time. They're like, wow, that would be impossible. You must like super be hustling or something like that. But the point is I don't do it all at the same time. Like I'm writing a book, maybe I'm not working on other things. I take years off in between books where I'm focusing on this. And when I'm publishing, when I was publishing five papers a year to get tenure, that was kind of like the main professional thing I was doing. I wasn't podcasting, I wasn't writing for the New Yorker. I had like one book in that whole period that I wrote and I took my time on that book. It's like slowing down on things, interleaving between things. In the moment, it feels like hopelessly, like hopeless levels of impotence. Like, oh, my God, I'm going so slow. But you zoom out the 10 years and you're like, wow,

• 53:06Cal Newport?

  there's that startup you did and that book you wrote and you have your journalism career going well and, and we're like the, the room parent for your kid's school and, and it, it adds up to a lot in the end. So I guess if you have to do these things concurrently, slow down. And whether you slow down or not, also pause things, be more sequential, do this and then do that. Days are short, but life is long. So there's a lot that can add up. What you want to avoid is like, I want to do each of these things at the theoretical maximum level I could be doing it if I was doing it by itself. And I want to reach that level for all the things I'm doing and I'm going to do them all at the same time. Because this other person had done all these things, they must have done it and I could do it too. But you're forgetting they did that over five years and they did this thing before they did that thing and this took much longer than you

• 53:50Cal Newport?

  thought. So slow down and if possible, be a little bit more sequential and a little bit less concurrent. So Jesse, that illusion of concurrency is something I studied way back when, when I was writing student books, I was studying Rhodes Scholars. And the phrase I had for it back then was the paradox of the relaxed Rhodes Scholar. I interviewed all these Rhodes Scholars for my first book. They're not stressed out grinds. Some of them are, but a lot of them weren't. It was a paradox. Like, so if they're so accomplished, why aren't they like jittery, I haven't slept in three years type of locked in?

• 54:24Speaker 01

  Yeah.

• 54:25Cal Newport?

  It's because it's like, oh, they tend to aggregate accomplishments. I did this, I did that, and then I kind of took my time on this. And over time, the list looks long. And then we have the illusion of concurrency and we imagine someone doing all those things at the same time. But people are less concurrent than you, than you, than you really imagine.

• 54:43Speaker 01

  How many books do you think you'll have written by the time you're like 75?

• 54:47Cal Newport?

  I don't know. Let me think here. I started writing when I, see, my first book came out when I was, what, 22? I'm 42. So that's like four a year, a decade. I gotta write four books a year. Forget slowing down. I'm going to write four concurrently because I'm going to disappear and transform myself. And I'm going to live in the gym and I'm going to crush preacher curls while dictating. Here's what I'm going to do. I'm going to dictate multiple books at the same time and I'm going to have voice recognition software and then AI is going to fill it out. And I'm going to crush preacher curls and write four books a year. Awesome. So I guess at that

• 55:30Cal Newport?

  pace, though, okay, 30 years from now, three decades, I don't know, maybe written another 12 to 15 books. If I keep writing books, we'll see. I like writing books, though. It's my favorite. All right. Do we got a call this week?

• 55:43Speaker 01

  We do.

• 55:44Cal Newport?

  All right, let's hear it.

• 55:49Speaker 06

  Hi, Cal. I'm Sarah, an associate professor at the University of Ottawa. I've been the director of graduate studies for my department for the past three years, and I teach many of your deep work and slow productivity techniques to my MA and PhD students, which they have found incredibly helpful. So thank you. But now I have a productivity question of my own. How should I time block on sabbatical? I'm about to start a full year sabbatical and want to make significant progress on my research and writing. I'm starting a new book project and also preparing my application for full professor. While I know how to time block when

• 56:31Speaker 06

  I'm maxed out on service and teaching, I'm just not sure how to organize what feels like vast expanses of time to dedicate to my writing. I also have busy school age kids, and so I'll need a clear shut down complete ritual every day at 4:00 PM when the after school activities start. Any advice would be much appreciated. Thanks.

• 56:56Cal Newport?

  Well, Sarah, first of all, I can completely understand your situation. I've been a director of graduate studies before. I'm currently the director of undergraduate studies for our department and just gave a talk about deep work to our grad students. So we got some concurrency here. All right, here's the key for sabbatical. I've done One or two sabbaticals at this point. I've done one sabbatical. I'm up for a second sabbatical, but I'm holding off on it for now. But my summers are kind of like sabbaticals every year because I don't teach or do research on the summer. I don't take summer salary. Here's what I've learned. You have kind of two goals for this time. One, you want to make really good creative progress on your writing. So you have a writing project, probably like

• 57:41Cal Newport?

  a book or something, and your full application, which I did last year. So again, like Sarah, we're really linked here in our timelines. That's just like another writing project as well. You want to make good creative progress on those, much more progress than you would normally make during a normal school year, but you also want to reap relaxation and flexibility and recharging, right? Like, that's a key part of the sabbatical. So how do you do this? Here's what I do in my summers, and I'm going to suggest you consider this for your sabbatical. Instead of time blocking, use an aggressive scheduling template. So I've talked about on the show before, the idea of like a weekly scheduling template, where it's like a general set of rules for what you do on different days of the week.

• 58:25Cal Newport?

  And I'm going to give you my exact weekly scheduling template I used during the summer because it could be perfect for you, or you could use this as the foundation for evolving your own. So my scheduling template was, all right, Monday through Friday, first thing I do is write, right? So I start my day with writing. On Monday and Fridays, I'll take that writing until after lunch, do a very quick admin block, hey, what's going on with emails or anything I need to do, and then shut down my work. Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, I write till lunch. I leave like 90 minutes after that for meetings and phone calls and the type of interaction with other people that you still even have to do during sabbatical.

• 59:10Cal Newport?

  I might have more of this in my life than you because of my writing career as well,

• 59:15Cal Newport?

  followed by an admin block and shut down before school's out.

• 59:19Cal Newport?

  Like that can be your scheduling template, right? You don't really need a time block because you know what to do. You get the kids to school, you write Monday and Fridays, you write longer. Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursdays, you don't write quite as long and you have time there for like meetings and stuff you have to do. You know when your day is done, do a clear shutdown and then it's all just like family household stuff. Right? So you don't even really need the time block. That's more or less what I do in the summer. The, the, the one addition being on one of those days we have in the afternoon, the podcast recording. Right? Just do something like that. And that's going to make sure that you're making daily progress on writing at the best time. It also gives you like, I like that template because it gives you freedom from meetings. Friday, all the way through Monday, if you add the weekends, and that's really nice.

• 1:00:03Cal Newport?

  And when you get to Thursday, you're like, I don't even have to look at my calendar for professional stuff until I get to Tuesday. That's like really nice. I really recommend that. It still keeps you doing just enough admin that you don't fall off the radar and stuff that's important. And you can still have meetings and stuff like that. I, I learned this lesson. You have to have time put aside for meetings. Or what's going to happen is you're going to convince yourself, all I'm going to do is write. And then when the inevitable meetings come up, you see each of them as like a failure or a problem and that's psychologically not good. So just put aside time for them. My other piece of advice is after you shut down. This is a cool time to have a lot of like household or personal projects you're working on, like leaning into stuff around the house or with your kids and we're going to, we're going to like completely renovate this room or we're going to like transform this or we're

• 1:00:46Cal Newport?

  going to learn this new thing or we're going to go see all these shows or whatever. Like it's easy to tell yourself what you want because work is so exhausting until you get to your sabbaticals, just to be able to kick your feet up and, and not have to do anything in the evenings and afternoons. But actually humans like to do things, especially if it's stuff that is self-directed with no deadlines and you're in charge of and you like it. So be really busy with your non-work stuff because it's kind of fun. I've learned out of my sabbaticals and my summers, it helps to have projects, but use a weekly scheduling template. Maybe start with mine and if that doesn't work, you can adjust it as fit, but you don't even need the time block during your sabbatical. You have this like automatic schedule. You do, you love it. You don't have to think about it and you'll get a lot of writing done. I can't wait till my next sabbatical.

• 1:01:32Speaker 01

  When was your last one?

• 1:01:34Cal Newport?

  It was when Josh was born. So that would have been six years ago.

• 1:01:41Speaker 01

  Oh, so last, last year you just had a semester off. Was that it?

• 1:01:45Cal Newport?

  Yeah, yeah. So sabbaticals typically is six years, six years of normal semesters earns you a sabbatical.

• 1:01:55Speaker 01

  Which is a year?

• 1:01:56Cal Newport?

  Which is a, well, so it depends, right? Depends on the program. Like Georgetown does what a lot of places do, which is it could be half a year. It could be one semester, full pay, or it can be a full academic year, two semesters at half pay.

• 1:02:10Cal Newport?

  The idea there being like, if you want to take a full year sabbatical, it's typically because you're working on a project that you might have funding for. Like I have a grant from the National, you know, Institute of Health to work on this thing and that's going to cover my salary. A lot of computer scientists will take a full year sabbatical and kind of work as a research and residence at like Google or something. And like Google will pay the other half of their salary. I can just, if I'm working on a book, I will use like the book advance to fill in the other half of the salary. So, you know, it kind of depends on, on places. But this is, it would make sense because I, when my youngest was born, I was on sabbatical. He's six and I'm due for a sabbatical next year. That makes sense. So I'm in my sixth year.

• 1:02:55Cal Newport?

  But I'm not taking it next year because I have all this stuff I'm doing for the university that I'm kind of seeing through. So I'm taking a little bit more time before I take it. But man, when I get the sabbatical, I'm going to be coming in here. I can be in like a tank top. I'm going to be like crushing a beer, gonna have sunglasses on, get my legs up. Those are gonna be some relaxed podcasts.

• 1:03:14Speaker 01

  We're gonna move the studio next to a gym.

• 1:03:16Cal Newport?

  Be right next to a gym. I'm gonna crush it. Preacher curls while I podcast, while I dictate. So my podcast will also be me dictating, just me dictating chapters of one of my four books. And we'll just multitask, baby. It's gonna be awesome. All right, let's see here. Oh, we got a case study this week, a case study with visuals.

• 1:03:37Speaker 01

  Yep.

• 1:03:39Cal Newport?

  So case studies for people write in to Jesse at [email protected] to give their case studies of using that type of advice we talked about here on this show in their own life. And today's case study is from Zach who sent some visuals. So those who are watching, instead of just listening, I'll pull some of this up on the screen. All right, here's what Zach says. I am 29 and have a full-time job as a church media specialist. The job is mostly graphic design work and people asking me to blast out announcements on social media. It's a good job. For the past decade, my creative pursuit has been music, primarily in the pop rock genre. After spending most of that time writing, recording, and performing in a couple of bands, I recently made the decision to start a new chapter as a solo

• 1:04:22Cal Newport?

  artist. Starting in late 2023, I began the process of self-recording my first album, and it was only possible because of deep work. My wife and I would determine which evenings would be good for recording, and I would head out after dinner on those days to record as much as I could of whichever instrument I was tracking at the time. I didn't always feel excited and energized to start, but the work always got done. Some of those sessions got canceled or interrupted, but the minutes added up. I recorded a total of 16 songs over nearly a year, 10 of which officially made the album, which is currently in the mixing phase. The majority of recording for the album was completed in a 10-foot by 20-foot indoor storage unit that was a short drive through town. Other than always being

• 1:05:07Cal Newport?

  too hot or too cold, it served me well as a studio space. During that time, my wife and I were blessed to be able to build a home as well as a 16 by 16 standalone shed that my father-in-law named Studio Z. Inspired by my productive times in the storage unit and by hearing about the concept of the writing shed on the podcast, I decided to go all in on setting up the studio shed in a way that I am hoping will spark creativity and productivity. The studio is just for creative work. It contains every instrument and piece of equipment I own, as well as some key books from the library, my library, my grandfather's Corona Typewriter, cozy brown leather furniture and other key items to make an interesting environment. The desk was made from a massive hickory tree that was in the middle of our property before the build.

• 1:05:51Cal Newport?

  I even ordered some Studio Z coasters. All of this makes the studio feel very official and it still holds the unique charm of a writing shed or a small cabin. In addition, because building materials aren't cheap, the whole thing feels as weighty as a high-end lab notebook. If you don't know that reference, it's from Slow Productivity. All right, let's see some pictures before we get into this. Up on the screen now, for those who are watching, is the storage shed or storage unit in which he recorded the first album. So what we see here is it's narrow. You can see on the side that this is like corrugated metal. So this is like a storage unit. There's, I guess, is there not even carpet on the ground? Man, that must be echoing there.

• 1:06:35Cal Newport?

  There's a couch and some guitars. See some Stratocasters, I appreciate that. There's a piano, there's some drums, right? So this is a non-conditioned space in which he would go to record. Now I'm gonna shoot over to the shed. Ooh, that looks nice. So here's an exterior shot of the shed. It's like a nice looking like mini house with gray siding. Look inside the shed. Ooh, very nice space. Good hardwood floors. We see mini split units, so he's got heating, he's got conditioning. And here it is all laid out. Oh, that looks great, Jesse. Brown leather chairs, hardwood floors, cool stuff up on the walls, a nice desk, some specific Studio Z paraphernalia, including this logo.

• 1:07:22Cal Newport?

  See, oh yeah, there's my books. All right, this place is awesome. There's his Studio Z, there's the Corona typewriter in the corner. That looks like something like or maybe remarkable he has down there. Zach is speaking my language. This is awesome, Zach. All right, so a couple of things to say about this. One, we see in this case study, the slow productivity principle of working at a natural pace. We just talked about this earlier as well in one of our questions.

• 1:07:47Cal Newport?

  Doing work consistently, good work consistently, sometimes you feel like it, sometimes it don't, adds up. And in the end, you really care how quickly it adds up, right? Zach wanted to record an album. Now, you might say, if I want to record an album, I have to be able to like spend a month and go to an expensive recording studio and just do it. And because I don't have access to a month to do this, and I don't have access to an expensive recording studio, I can't. But Zach used a slow productivity approach of like, well, why don't I just record some nights each week? I have a space, it's not perfect, but it's a space I only dedicate to that. And I'll record what I can record. And it might just be laying down a bass track that I throw out the next time. And some of these will be canceled. Yes.

• 1:08:29Cal Newport?

  We're busy, something comes up, I'm not feeling well, but I'll just keep coming back relentlessly. Couple nights a week, I'll make time. And it took a year, but a whole album came out of it. So that's number one, I'm going to take out of this story. Number two is the power of spaces. Having a space to go, even if it wasn't a great space, it was a storage unit, helped him make that progress. This is a space I've dedicated to work and you take that seriously. I love then that once he had the resources, one of the things he invested in was a really nice space for creativity. We undervalue space. Like I have the Deep Work HQ, probably don't need it, right? I could record this podcast at home, I could record it in just like a small office.

• 1:09:12Cal Newport?

  But it's like a fantastic investment. I come here to write, I come here to work, I've got my library here. We have the studio, like the nice studio here, it's a place that just changes my mindset to get away from it. The shed that Zach built is fantastic. He's got Studio Z custom artwork in there and big leather chairs. The total amount of sort of like creativity and peace and just energy that's going to inject into his life is a fantastic investment. So we under, undervalue space. We feel like it's a superfluous investment. But it's often not. Cool spaces really have cool effects. So was happy to see those pictures, Zach, and happy to hear your story. So our two lessons are work at a natural pace and space matters.

• 1:09:56Cal Newport?

  Build cool spaces. More people should build cool spaces.

• 1:10:01Cal Newport?

  All right. So we have a final segment coming up. I think we have another tech corner coming up, but first you mentioned another sponsor.

• 1:10:12Speaker 05

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• 1:10:15Speaker 04

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• 1:10:17Speaker 05

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• 1:10:19Speaker 04

  The Hunger Games Sunrise on the Reaping, November 20th, rated PG 13.

• 1:10:23Cal Newport?

  Want to talk about our friends at Element, L M N T. Element is a zero sugar electrolyte drink mix and sparkling electrolyte water. Born from the growing body of research revealing that optimal health outcomes occur at sodium levels two to three times government recommendations. Each stick pack or sparkling can delivers a meaningful dose of electrolytes free of sugar, artificial colors, or other dodgy ingredients. That's what I like about Element. No sugar, no weird colors. You can get those electrolytes you need when you've been sweating or speaking a lot and you're a little dehydrated without having to worry about junk, without having to feel like you're drinking like a super sugary sports drink. The stick pack is powder. She has put that in any water bottle.

• 1:11:07Cal Newport?

  And then the can is that you can also get it already pre-mixed into a sparkling water that you can take out of your fridge. You kind of have those two options for getting to your Element. I use the stick packs. I got, we got a whole box. I'm at home. I've already gone through a whole pack this morning, especially sometimes I feel dehydrated in the morning. I'll drink it. I'll drink it after workouts, after a long day of lecturing or podcasting. I'm going to take it as well. I'm a big Element fan. There is a kind of a cool list of the various people who use Element. U S Olympians, professional athletes, including Bradley Beal.

• 1:11:42Cal Newport?

  Many different special forces teams, health experts all use them. It always makes me wonder, I wonder if like the Navy SEALs are professional athletes when they're doing their ads for Element, say like computer scientist, technology theorist use it. It somehow feels like less compelling after like Cal Newport, who has written many articles for the New Yorker about the impact of technology on society uses Element. That somehow is probably not compelling to their audiences in the way that me saying that Bradley Beal uses Element is compelling to our audience.

• 1:12:10Speaker 01

  You have been doing those preacher curls though.

• 1:12:12Cal Newport?

  I'm hammering out, this is my new ad read. Hey, let's, uh, let's say you're crushing hammer curls at the preacher curls at the gym. Work up a thirst. Got to pound some Element. Me and Bradley Beal agree pounding Element at the gym while doing preacher curls will help you get through not just two, but three or four books at the same time. Now, I do use Element every day. They also have Element Hot. People like the Element Chocolate Medley. These are flavors like chocolate mint, chocolate chai, and chocolate raspberry. Now, we're in winter. You can enjoy those with hot water. Also helps when I should do that with my throat. When I'm, you know, I feel it during allergy season, my throat. Some hot elements, what I need for the studio. Let's get some hot element. Yep. All right. Let's, let's talk to, let's talk to the team about getting us some of the, the medley there. So, all right. I'm a big fan of

• 1:12:57Cal Newport?

  Element. It is the way to do your hydration. We got a good deal here. Members of our community can receive a free Element sample pack with any order if they purchase through drink element.com slash deep. That's drink element, L M N T dot com slash deep. And you will get that free sample pack in your order. I also want to talk about our friends at Zbiotics because we are getting to that holiday season. We're talking Thanksgiving. We're talking like Christmas. We're talking all the parties that surround that. And if you were like me and Jesse, which is to say, not super young. That's how I say our age now. Not super young.

• 1:13:38Speaker 01

  Yeah, I have arthritis in my left knee, so I'm old.

• 1:13:40Cal Newport?

  I know, and I'm going to CT scan tomorrow. But we're still going to hammer preacher curls when we can. We're not super young anymore. So it's not like we can just go to a party,

• 1:13:52Cal Newport?

  you know, have some celebratory drinks and not feel it the next day. That's where the product like Zbiotics is really appealing. They call it pre alcohol. So you, you actually drink this before you have a couple of drinks in order to help you metabolize those drinks better, have a better day the next day. So it is the world's first genetically engineered probiotic. It was invented by PhD scientists to tackle rough mornings after drinking. So here's how it works. So when you drink alcohol, there's a byproduct that's created in your gut. And it's this byproduct that causes a lot of that rough feeling the next day, not like people traditionally claim, just dehydration.

• 1:14:36Cal Newport?

  So pre alcohol produces an enzyme that just helps break that byproduct down. So less of it builds up. So you, you drink the, the Zbiotic, the little, it's like this little glass thing. You drink it before your first drink of the night, then you drink responsibly and you'll feel your best the next day. So it's a cool idea. Something that might not have been relevant when we were 21, but now that we're not super young, I'm glad that this exists. So with the holiday season upon us, when you know you might be consuming a bit more alcohol than usual, pre alcohol can help you stay on track and not let this season throw any of us off course. Go to zbiotics.com/deep to learn more and to get 15% off your first order if you also

• 1:15:18Cal Newport?

  use deep, that promo code at checkout. Zbiotics is backed with a 100% money back guarantee. So if you're unsatisfied for any reason, they will refund your money, no questions asked. So remember to head to zbiotics.com/deep and use that code deep at checkout for 15% off. All right, Jesse, let's do our final segment. I don't know if I should call this final segment tech corner or Cal reacts. These are like the two things I normally do in the segment. Either I react to something in the news or I explain something about technology with my nerd computer science hat on. This is kind of a mix of both. I do have an article to bring up, but it's from four years ago.

• 1:15:57Cal Newport?

  So it's not like it is timely in that sense, but there is a technology issue that I want to just briefly dive into because it's important to know about. And I have a sort of a rogue point to add to the discussion. So the particular technology issue I want to talk about is so-called section 230. And I have an article up here that I'm going to use to help explain it. This is an article from Pro Market, the journal Pro Market. Actually, an article in Pro Market not long ago about age restrictions on social media. This is an article written by Tim Wu about section 230. It's up here as like an explainer because Tim is great and he does a good job of explaining it. It's not that this is a contemporary article. All right.

• 1:16:42Cal Newport?

  So if you're unfamiliar with it, section 230 refers to section 230 of the 1996 Communications Decency Act.

• 1:16:50Cal Newport?

  It grants an immunity to the platforms that host the content of others. Critically, what it says is even if you are moderating on your digital site, even if you're moderating content, so you are making decisions about what's on there or not, you're still not liable for what this content says, right? So, so what this was trying to address back in the day was it was sort of agreed on, or it seemed kind of like obvious that if you were just like purely a hosting platform, like I'm an internet service provider, like I'm not responsible for what people are doing on the internet through me. But then we began to get services that hosted information.

• 1:17:33Cal Newport?

  So you had like Prodigy and CompuServe and then AOL. And they were worried like, okay, but we're actually making decisions here. Like if you come on here and post a bunch of credit card numbers, we're going to take that down. Are we going to be treated like newspapers? Or can we still kind of treat like we're just like an internet service provider? And it's, we're not responsible for anything that was on there. This clarified that, and it is now widely and strongly embraced in particular by something that did not exist back then, which is a social media platform. So it's sort of like the core of the legal immunity that social media platforms have for you suing them about stuff that's on there. Now, this doesn't actually stop all of those lawsuits.

• 1:18:14Cal Newport?

  There, there has been, especially more recently, lawsuits aimed at social media companies. There's been some, for example, aimed at Meta about, one of them I, from a couple of years ago, I've written some about was about you helped exacerbate, your content exacerbated eating disorder for like our child, and you should be responsible. There's another lawsuit about our child committed suicide, and we think in part because of what they're exposed to on your platform, and this is sort of your fault. So there are some lawsuits, but there would be a lot more, say for Section 230. All right, today, there's a lot of discussions today about technology regulation, a lot of fights, a lot of agreement as well. Section 230 reform is one of these things that's on the table.

• 1:19:00Cal Newport?

  Now, it turns out both the political left and the political right here in America. Have some interest in reforming 230 or getting rid of section 230 altogether. Donald Trump has talked about this as well recently. I think the Biden administration has talked some about it. But here's the thing, and this is what's pointed out in this article. They have different reasons for wanting to do this same action. All right. So Tim Wu in this article summarizes how the left and the right think about the issue of section 230. All right. So here's what the left says according to Tim Wu. "We have a huge problem with fascist disinformation and propaganda, and the platforms are a big

• 1:19:44Cal Newport?

  part of it because they bear no responsibility for what appears on their platforms." According to Tim, "The left wants to remove section 230 reforms so that you can hold platforms responsible for this quote unquote 'bad information' they're allowing to be on their platform." The right has a different reason. So here is Tim Wu summarizing the right's argument. "The platforms are grossly biased against conservative speech, and they should only have immunity if they don't censor anyone." So what the right is upset about is especially like in the 2019, 2020, there was this period

• 1:20:23Cal Newport?

  in which there was heavy control of the information, the moderation, and conservatives felt like things that are mainstream conservative points would be censored, but not even like relatively extreme points from the left. They said, "Well, this is because these companies are based in very blue states, and the employees are disproportionately blue, and this is not just moderating on safe information, but it's like biased against conservatives." So they kind of have this sense that maybe somehow you could modify 230. They kind of want to modify it, not remove it in such a way that it's like, if you are censoring us, like if it feels like you're censoring conservatives, it's like this time bomb. 230

• 1:21:06Cal Newport?

  disappears for you and you're going to be sued about everything. But if you don't censor us, then like you're still going to be protected. Whereas the left just says like, "If we could just sue, then we could stop you from publishing bad stuff." So they both want to reform 230, but for different reasons. Alright, so Tim's argument here is that both of them are misguided, both the left and the right, because reforming or removing 230 is not going to accomplish either of these goals, which I think is interesting. So he says, for example, yes, no one can deny that Facebook and Twitter, not to mention 4chan, have been the breeding ground for lots of crazy disinformation and propaganda, but as Tim points out, so has Newsmax, Brett Bart, O and I, the Gateway Pundit, and dozens of other sites and broadcasters that are

• 1:21:51Cal Newport?

  not subject to 230 protection because they're not digital information platforms. So in other words, he's saying, getting rid of that protection is not going to, in some sense, make it possible for you to stop the information you don't like, because there's plenty of news sources that don't have that protection, and you don't like the things they are saying. So he says, the liberals have a fantasy that potential civil liability would finally force platforms to do more about disinformation on their sites, to take responsibility, but Tim Wu is skeptical that that would actually work. Alright, then shifting to the right wing, he says, the right wing fantasies about 230 repeal are even more off base. For one thing, without section 230 immunity, well, this is going

• 1:22:34Cal Newport?

  to date this, a figure like Donald Trump would almost certainly be kicked off Twitter because he constantly defames people. Alright, he was kicked off soon after that, but, but his argument was, you would have the opposite effect, that if they didn't like things that conservative figures were saying, they would actually be more likely to just kick the figures completely off, because they don't want to be sued about the bad things, they say. They'll be more worried about that than, you know, being sued for, for kicking them off. He says, you could get the opposite, you could get the opposite result. This would basically would be too expensive to keep anyone controversial around, because of all the lawsuits anyone controversial would generate. So he's like, no, no, what you're going to get is massive censorship, and then these platforms are just going to be people sharing

• 1:23:19Cal Newport?

  like pie recipes.

• 1:23:22Cal Newport?

  As for erasing anti-conservative bias, repeal of Section 230 would have no obvious effect on that at all. The decisions to remove things like false claims of election fraud are actually decisions of the platforms, decisions for which they already bear liability, if any, zero effect, right? So basically, it's like I'm looking at this from a lawyer's perspective. Neither of these fantasies is going to be successful for removing 230. All right, I want to introduce a third reason. Not a lot of people are pushing this reason, but it's interesting to me. I call this the poison pill strategy. What's intriguing about something like Section 230 reform is not the idea that it's going to make these global

• 1:24:04Cal Newport?

  conversation platforms better, but that it might make them financially unviable. That's interesting to me. I am interested, I'm not saying I want to do this if I was in charge of the FTC tomorrow, but I am interested in this idea of poison pill regulation, that regulation that is invented to basically say, certain forms of communication which have been net negative just sort of become kind of financially unviable, better ones will happen before. I know tinkering in innovation like this is dangerous, tinkering in the markets is like this is dangerous, but in this particular case, the argument I made in the deep dive today and I made in my writing before, is that global conversation platforms, trying to build a platform like Twitter slash X, in which 600 million people are trying to

• 1:24:48Cal Newport?

  talk on the same platform, is not intrinsic to the internet, is not intrinsic to expression, is not intrinsic to free speech. It is a corporate play to try to maximize profits that doesn't work well. It plays poorly with humans. It is an aspect of the digital, the digital environment in which we are surrounded, the modern digital environment, that creates tons of disorders. The internet does not need 600 million people on the same particular internet site or app to give you all the benefits that the internet promises.

• 1:25:19Cal Newport?

  Much smaller niche organizations, people publishing their own information accessible to anyone that they stand by, small groups that are self-curated by communities that actually have stakes in what each other has to say, plus easy accessibility of information that's published in ways where people stand by it, like newspapers, for example, all of this is fantastic stuff the internet does. The problem is the mobile revolution and the shift of our experience with the internet through our phones and the domination of mobile social media apps on our phones warped a lot of people's brains into thinking that these small number of apps that exist on our phone and have these massive global conversation platforms are somehow synonymous with the internet. But they're not.

• 1:26:02Cal Newport?

  And so if something ends up being a poison pill to these type of global conversation platforms would probably be the medicine that the internet needs. We do not need these for the internet to be successful. So I'm always secretly hoping with some of these regulations that they're accidentally going to be a poison pill that suddenly makes the business model for something like Instagram or TikTok no longer make a lot of sense. I think a smaller, weirder, more esoteric, heterogeneous, distributed, more individual than large corporate internet is a good one. And so there's the poison pill interpretation of Section 230 reform. I don't think many people share that, but I'm going to throw that into the conversation as long as we're going to geek out, because I think it's another interesting way to think about what might be happening with these particular technological reforms.

• 1:26:46Cal Newport?

  All right, Jesse, there we go. That's our policy, tech policy corner.

• 1:26:51Speaker 01

  And the poison pill is from the Matrix?

• 1:26:53Cal Newport?

  No, it actually comes from corporate takeovers.

• 1:26:58Speaker 01

  Okay.

• 1:26:59Cal Newport?

  So in the 80s, where corporate raiders, you know, would borrow a ton of money and then use that to buy enough stock in a company to take control of it, right? So yeah, like corporate raiders in the 80s, where you had these brands whose market capitalization was less than like how much money even just the stuff they owned is worth, right? Like, we have $100 million worth of assets and our stock, their full market capitalization of our stock is $90 million. So what you could do is like, I'm going to borrow $90 million, buy all the stock. And then sell all the stuff from the company and make a $2 million profit. So what boards started doing, and business people out here are going to say, you got this wrong. But my understanding is what boards started doing is they changed the bylaws of their companies that have these rules in it that basically said things like if a single person

• 1:27:44Cal Newport?

  owns more than this much of the stock, you know, like all of our employees have to be pantsless, or we're going to take the engines off our planes. They call them poison pills. Things would go into effect. It makes the company like not valuable. Okay. Yeah. If like someone owns 51% of our stock, then like we're going to burn all the printing presses type of. So they put these poison pill provisions into their. Mm hmm. I think that's where it's from. All right. Anyways, that's all the time we have for today. Thank you for listening. We'll be back next week with another episode. And until then, as always, stay deep. Hi, it's Cal here. One more thing before you go. If you like the Deep Questions Podcast, you will love my email newsletter, which you

• 1:28:28Cal Newport?

  can sign up for at calnewport.com. Each week I send out a new essay about the theory or practice of living deeply. I've been writing this newsletter since 2007, and over 70,000 subscribers get it sent to their inboxes each week. So if you are serious about resisting the forces of distraction and shallowness that afflict our world, you gotta sign up for my newsletter at calnewport.com and get some deep wisdom delivered to your inbox each week.