#299 Andy Lowery - Inside the World’s Most Advanced Drone Killing Machine

Andy Lowery is a retired U. S. Navy Lieutenant Commander who served as a Nuclear Surface Warfare Officer and Nuclear Propulsion Officer, including active duty aboard the USS John C. Stennis. Over more than 30 years, Lowery held demanding roles spanning domestic and global assignments before retiring and continuing in the reserves until 2015. He earned his Bachelor’s degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and is recognized as a thought leader in applying technology across industry.​ Andy transitioned to corporate leadership and entrepreneurship after his military career. He is currently CEO of Epirus, a defense tech company pioneering portable directed energy systems to counter modern threats like militarized drones. Joining Epirus in 2021, Lowery quickly rose through the ranks—serving as Chief Product Officer, Chief Operating Officer, and CEO since December 2023.​ Previously, Lowery co-founded and served as CEO of RealWear, leading the company to global prominence in industrial head-up display wearable systems for frontline workers from 2016 to 2020. He also co-founded DAQRI (2014–2016), a pioneer in mixed reality wearables for enterprise use. Lowery held senior engineering and management positions at Raytheon, MACOM, Tyco, and RPM Technology, notably working on electronic warfare systems and major defense projects such as the Navy’s Next Generation Jammer.​ Shawn Ryan Show Sponsors: SpotOn GPS Fence — trusted by Shawn Ryan for his dog Moose. The most reliable GPS dog fence: 100% secure from backyard to backcountry with virtual boundaries you control from your phone. No wires, no digging. Sets up in minutes, any size, any shape, anywhere. Learn more: https://spotonfence.com/srs Go to https://shopbeam.com/SRS and use code SRS to get up to 50% off Beam Dream Powder, the sleep formula designed to help you fall asleep fast and wake up clear. Get 20% off Rho Nutrition Liposomal NAD+ for clean, sustained energy and sharper focus—visit https://rhonutrition.com/discount/SRS and use code SRS for your discount. Andy Lowery Links: LI - https://www.linkedin.com/in/andylowery Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:01Speaker 00

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• 0:27Speaker 01

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• 0:46Speaker 02

  What would happen if I stopped drilling? You starve, you freeze to death, that's what.

• 0:51Speaker 01

  With great power comes great deniability.

• 0:54Speaker 02

  I'm not the first then.

• 0:55Speaker 01

  Digger. See the trailer online. Only in theaters October 2nd. Rated R. Under 17. Not a minute without parent.

• 1:05Shawn Ryan?

  Andy Lowery, welcome to the show.

• 1:08Speaker 04

  Thank you for having me. Good to see you in person, Sean.

• 1:11Shawn Ryan?

  I've been trying to get you guys on here for two or three years now.

• 1:16Speaker 04

  Oh, is that right?

• 1:17Shawn Ryan?

  Yeah, and so got a couple of mutual friends, Joe Lonsdale and Grant Forstanding, and Grant actually put you and Eperus on my radar. And I don't even know if I'm supposed to say this, but I saw this cellphone video that was taken, I think, a long time ago, and it was like very, very beginning stages of Eperus.

• 1:44Speaker 04

  Oh, right.

• 1:45Shawn Ryan?

  And then the video, you just see, it looked like these drones were tethered to like a dog chain or to the ground or something.

• 1:54Speaker 04

  Yeah.

• 1:55Shawn Ryan?

  And you see these, I think it's two or three drones fly up.

• 1:59Shawn Ryan?

  And then they just, all three of them fall down.

• 2:02Speaker 04

  Right.

• 2:03Shawn Ryan?

  And everybody starts cheering. But you don't see like, why they fell down or anything and I, but I knew what it was. I was like, holy shit, that looks like a EMP weapon deploy. Like I was in the very beginning stages.

• 2:16Speaker 04

  I don't know how far back that video was, but in the early days, I've been told, and this was even before I had joined the small team of innovators that they first went about doing it. They were rigging open microwave oven doors and stuff, trying to keep them up and then say, well, let's, we just stick a drone five feet from the microwave oven. Can we get, I mean, real startup stuff, you know?

• 2:37Shawn Ryan?

  I'm never using a microwave again, if that's the truth. But, um, but yeah, so, so we've been in touch with, with, uh, with your team and, and, uh, yeah, it's been like two or three years trying to get you guys in here. So I'm really excited about this.

• 2:51Speaker 04

  Super glad to be here, so.

• 2:52Shawn Ryan?

  Especially right now with all the, with everything that's just going on pretty much everywhere in the world and, uh, drones are top of mind for pretty much everybody. So.

• 3:04Speaker 04

  Absolutely.

• 3:05Shawn Ryan?

  But I'd like to start you off with an introduction here. Andy Lowery, CEO of Eperus, a venture-backed American defense tech company valued at over $1 billion. Under your leadership, Eperus deployed two combatant commands, won 100 million plus in US government contracts and became the leader in counter electronics technology. Leonidas, the flagship product, a world-leading counter drone solution using high-power microwave energy to neutralize drones and electronic threats. 30-plus-year career, leading advanced technology organizations across defense and commercial sectors, including Raytheon and MACOMS.

• 3:48Shawn Ryan?

  Retired US Navy surface warfare officer, served aboard the USS John C. Stennis, leading nuclear engineering teams in demanding maritime and combat environments. Former business area chief engineer at Raytheon, leading radar and electronic warfare programs, including the next-generation jammer on the EA-18 Growler.

• 4:11Shawn Ryan?

  Founding CEO of Realware, one of the fastest growing industrial AR companies in the US, hold a degree in electron in electrical engineering from University of Illinois, currently studying integral noetic sciences. What is that?

• 4:29Speaker 04

  How did you pick that one up?

• 4:30Shawn Ryan?

  I am.

• 4:31Speaker 04

  Well, I tell you, there's a, there's this emerging kind of seam with technology, ethics, consciousness, especially as AI and things become more and more widely adopted. And so I've taken on, I'm a consummate self educator and educator. It's like what spurs me on is to learn and to seek new knowledge. And so I decided to, in my off time, the weekends and stuff, take some college courses and pursue a PhD in something called noetic sciences, which is kind of this crossover between some of the more soft touch, you know, kind of spiritual and religion and consciousness and things like that with the

• 5:16Speaker 04

  technology and how does technology basically impact those other fields. So not something that normally you think to go together right away, but that's what I think makes it so cool and why I'm very into.

• 5:30Shawn Ryan?

  That sounds fascinating.

• 5:31Speaker 04

  Yes.

• 5:32Shawn Ryan?

  I'd like to talk about that at the end.

• 5:33Speaker 04

  Sure.

• 5:34Shawn Ryan?

  Husband, father of two, servant leader, philosopher and champion of American manufacturing and life-saving technology. Quite the resume.

• 5:45Speaker 04

  Yeah, well, that's definitely me. Somebody that wrote it was very favorable to me. I don't know if I would have been quite as bullish with my write-up.

• 5:56Shawn Ryan?

  But, so a couple of things here before we get going. Everybody gets a gift.

• 6:01Speaker 04

  Right. All right. Thank you.

• 6:05Shawn Ryan?

  The Johnson's League Gummy Bears made in the USA up in Michigan, legal in all 50 states. Not that you have to worry about that in California. But there it is.

• 6:16Speaker 04

  All right. Thank you. And, uh, I'll follow suit.

• 6:21Shawn Ryan?

  Oh, man.

• 6:22Speaker 04

  There's yours. That's a memento. We did a 49 drone shoot down in sort of our inaugural shoot down of a swarm, big swarm, 49 systems. And we made little baseball cards that have a piece of those drones that got knocked down. And then we've only made a limited quantity of that. And Sean, you get number 49 there. So.

• 6:46Shawn Ryan?

  That is awesome.

• 6:52Shawn Ryan?

  So this is, these are little pieces of the drone you guys shot down?

• 6:55Speaker 04

  The drones, right. That got shot down. Correct.

• 6:58Shawn Ryan?

  Forty-nine drones?

• 6:59Speaker 04

  Forty-nine in one shot. Yeah, in one second.

• 7:02Shawn Ryan?

  Wow. This is awesome. I'm gonna frame this, put it in here. Thank you.

• 7:07Speaker 04

  Thank you.

• 7:09Shawn Ryan?

  Perfect. So Andy, I want to, before we get into all things Eperus and directed EMP weapons, how did you, how do you get into this? But you were a nuke.

• 7:23Speaker 04

  Yeah.

• 7:24Shawn Ryan?

  In the Navy.

• 7:24Speaker 04

  I was.

• 7:25Shawn Ryan?

  Correct?

• 7:25Speaker 04

  Correct. That's right. So I started Nuclear Power. I started enlisted. I enlisted in 1991. I got inspired by the lava monster Marine Corps commercial. I don't know if you've ever seen that one, but it was, I think, to this day, the greatest recruiting video that ever was made by anyone. And I'm sitting in the basement of my girlfriend, who's now my wife of 35 years, but at the time, my girlfriend and not doing much, working at a TGI Fridays, I think. And I saw this commercial of this.

• 7:56Speaker 04

  Medieval warrior fighting a lava monster and he turns around and snaps it up to his shoulder and it turns into Marine Corps saber, Marine Corps uniform and I went, "I want to be a Marine." I don't know what they do, I don't know how they actually, what they operate on, what they do, but if something like that lava monster, it's, "I've got to go do this." And so I went down to the Marine Corps recruiting station the next day and they had the door closed. And a lot of people know, everywhere you see a Marine Corps station, you see a Navy right next door. And so the Navy was open and I looked in and they said, "Oh, come on in." I said, "Oh, sir, I'm looking for Marines." And he goes, "Well, you know, the Navy owns the Marine Corps." And I went, "Oh, no kidding." And he's like, "Come on in, I'll tell you about it." And the rest is history.

• 8:38Speaker 04

  Ended up going Navy nuke versus Marine Corps and my Marine Corps friends to this day say, "You made a big mistake that day, you should have stuck with the Marines." So much for the lava commercial. Yeah, the lava commercial did it though, but got me into the Navy and it was probably a better fit for me anyways because I'm a strong engineer, strong in mathematics and physics. And I did real well. And the Navy is smart, they take the best enlisted guys and say, "Hey, these ought to be officers." And they put me through a program called enlisted commissioning program and I went to University of Illinois in the mid 90s and I studied RF, microwaves, antennas, all of these things. But then I went back into the Navy and served another five or six years of active duty as an officer.

• 9:21Speaker 04

  Never got to use much microwaves in the nuclear power plants, you know, it didn't really apply. So I wanted to get into that, right? When I stopped being active duty, I transitioned to reserves in 2002. I went, "Let me find a company where I can work on microwaves." That's where I did in my college and so let's revisit that. I ended up at MACOM and MACOM is an RF microwave component company that makes the pieces. And I worked there very successfully for about five years and then that followed with my Raytheon chief engineer position. And after that, which I really got involved in electronic warfare and microwaves and electromagnetic energy systems. Wow, what, I mean, what was Raytheon doing?

• 10:05Speaker 04

  Well, Raytheon does everything. They're a prime, and this was back when Raytheon had a pretty doggone good reputation. It was under, Bill Swanson was the CEO, and then Tom Kennedy took over after him had a portion or down the line. But with, with Bill Swanson, he and I worked together on Next Generation Jammer, which was a big new age electronic warfare program that basically took older technology, transmit wave tubes and vacuum tubes and that sort of thing. We can get in all what this stuff means later, I guess, but use this old technology and then upgraded it to a phased array, an antenna, a very sophisticated antenna, that was powered by something called gallium nitride that I've heard on your show

• 10:50Speaker 04

  you guys talking a little bit about, putting like a finger in the pond as far as talking about gallium nitride. It's this really remarkable semiconductor, like silicon. Silicon is a semiconductor. It's a remarkable semiconductor that can amplify signals and withstand huge, huge power densities, way, way, way better than traditional semiconductors or things that we've used before in the past. And that is really what's unlocked kind of a new class of directed energy, a new class of electronic warfare, a new class of a whole bunch of different systems that leverage that kind of technology, the gallium nitride technology.

• 11:34Speaker 04

  And that's really where I found my niche, is being sort of an expert in systems that leverage gallium nitride in various ways.

• 11:42Shawn Ryan?

  What, what year was this with Raytheon?

• 11:44Speaker 04

  I worked in Raytheon, I started in 2007, 2008, and I worked at Raytheon through 2014. About the end of 2014 is when I transitioned into startups.

• 11:57Shawn Ryan?

  What, what were you working on jamming? What specifically?

• 12:00Speaker 04

  So there's something called the Next Generation Jammer. It's this, it looks like a fuel pod. It goes on the wings of a version of the F-18, a version of the Hornet called the Growler, the EA 18 Growler. It flies on the wings and it just jams everything. It has a huge frequency bandwidth that it can move around in, and it can jam anything. It can do all kinds of sophisticated jamming, like state of the art. And when you hear a lot about these Operations that we've been doing lately, you hear a lot about like, oh, the lights all went out, everything just, radars didn't work or whatever, the air defenses got crippled. And I think President Trump said something about a discombobulator, it's a, one of the

• 12:44Speaker 04

  things that I think he's got in his mind about discombobulation, it is kind of that, it discombobulates circuits, it, meaning, it basically has a whole different sorts of attacks that it can do to take down a radar, like, or confuse a radar, confuse an operator of a radar, amongst other things, cellular stations, different electrical base stations and things like that.

• 13:09Shawn Ryan?

  What about humans? I mean, the discombobulator that, that we've all heard about, everybody was...

• 13:14Speaker 04

  Yeah, I...

• 13:15Shawn Ryan?

  In the fetal position on the ground.

• 13:18Speaker 04

  Yeah, they're, well, that's completely different. So it, so it's hard because the microwaves are invisible, it's hard to kind of see the differences. And, and so when you're looking at attacking electronics, most electronics use pulses, they use pulses to do, like a radar will send out a pulse and then it returns a pulse. So you're using a system that leverages a lot of pulse power, and that means your peak power is very high, your average power in comparison is very low. Whereas a microwave oven, or something that is tuned towards like biological things, has a very high average power. Your peak and average power are equal because you're trying to get a very, very high continuous power or beam on like a human

• 14:01Speaker 04

  being, or on a, on a chicken in a microwave, or something that you're trying to heat up. And so you design the microwave system very differently. You choose different frequencies, you operate it much, much differently. And then if you do it on the safe side, which some companies have done, they do it up at like W band, which is a way high frequency that, you know, you hear about the skin and stuff getting kind of like needles and stuff and feeling like, well, that's just kind of heating the skin, it's localized heating the skin, and so that can deter crowds and keep crowds at bay. And then there's been rumors of other things out there like Havana effect and stuff like that, but really I have zero, I don't have any knowledge of any of that. Like, I don't, I don't know that

• 14:43Speaker 04

  those things are real, if they are really real, or they're not, I don't, I'm not aware.

• 14:48Shawn Ryan?

  Gotcha, gotcha. So how did you get into Epirus?

• 14:53Speaker 04

  Well, a lot of the folks at Raytheon is kind of almost a, in some ways, a spinout. Nathan Mintz worked for me at Raytheon. He was the founding CEO. He had Bo Mar, Dr. Mar, came out of Georgia Tech, worked in my organization for a whole number of years. Me and Bo got real close at Raytheon. And then when the team had built the company to a certain sort of stage, we had gotten through most of the initial technology discovery to see if it actually would work, and we were starting to look at product market fit, and then eventually scaling the company. They called me and asked. They said, "Hey, what are you doing? You want to join the company?" And I told them, "Just as long as I'm not the CEO, I'll join." And they said, "Okay." And they made me the Chief

• 15:36Speaker 04

  Product Officer, and I was really happy in that role. I was doing great stuff. And then, down the line, it just, one thing led to another, and I ended up in the position of CEO a couple of years later. So, I think Bo is happy, and Nathan is real happy, that I eventually made that decision, together with the board, obviously, to offer me the position. But, I came in, this is my third CEO job, and it's not an easy job for those out there that have done it. It's very lonely, and high pressure, and you've got a lot of pressure both directions, and it's tough. So, I needed a break. And I came in, and I was able to do, what I love to do, is build stuff, and do the engineering, and help

• 16:17Speaker 04

  sort of advance the design that the previous team had done. So, when you look at the designs we are now releasing and going into production today, those were designs that when I was the Chief Product Officer, me and the team just redid completely. We've redone the entire work that we had done in previous generations of the system. And call this system Leonidas Generation 2. That's a second sort of major, major upgrade that we did in order to improve things like range, and a lot of the survivability-type requirements.

• 16:47Shawn Ryan?

  Okay, okay.

• 16:51Shawn Ryan?

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• 17:36Shawn Ryan?

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• 19:07Shawn Ryan?

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• 19:51Shawn Ryan?

  When did Everest start? When was it founded?

• 19:56Speaker 04

  It was founded in 2018, right before COVID. And most of the work that they did to get the system proving that it would be viable was done during the COVID period, actually. They brought people in, you know, and were safe about it, but you know, they had to work kind of hand in hand. And it was a real discovery phase those first two or three years. And then I joined in 2021, right when we started to get into product market fit and doing our first demos for the Army. Army Ricto was a name of organization, which is now called PAE Fires. We had done some tests with Army Ricto and some other companies in order to see what type of system would be at least worth the Army taking a look at to see if it had a viability for some of their missions. And that all started in about 2021.

• 20:41Shawn Ryan?

  Wow. Was it always counter drone initiatives?

• 20:45Speaker 04

  We brought up, yeah, we brought up with the idea with counter drone, but we really didn't set out to build a directed energy machine. What we set out to build was a really, really high powered RF transmitter, something that could put in out all kinds of electromagnetic interference, or if you wanted to make it a transmitter for a radar, it could be a transmitter for a radar, then you could have a receiver sitting next to it that it could send the signals out and the receiver could take those signals back in and you could use it as a radar. We had ideas for that. We had ideas for other counter outboard motors, for example, on engines on boats. You know, you see a lot of the

• 21:26Speaker 04

  Unmanned boats now getting out there with these engines in the back. Well, it has the same effects on those commercial type systems as it does on drones. It basically looks for anything that has a computer board and it uses a very high electromagnetic interference field to couple voltages onto the computer board. So the computer board just basically ceases to function. It goes, we used to call this the blue screen of death when it was like Microsoft causing it on our computers and we would have to unplug the computer completely and plug it back in, give it a real big reboot cycle. This is very similar to the type of effect that Leonidas and this type of directed energy has on computer systems.

• 22:07Shawn Ryan?

  Okay, okay. So it developed, so it basically developed into counter drone technology?

• 22:13Speaker 04

  It developed in-

• 22:13Shawn Ryan?

  Or is that just a sector?

• 22:14Speaker 04

  Well, it, it was always there. I mean, the founders like Joe and Grant that you've had on a couple of times, I think, Joe now, it's like they had the vision. I mean, and this is something that Grant and Joe and even at that time, there was John Tennant, Alex Moore, who still sits on our board. All of those guys were involved in the very onset of the company. They were all founders. It was basically financial founders in a way. But the type that dig in and actually help with the engineering and with the thought process and from a big picture, they kind of saw it. I mean, Joe, to his credit and Grant too, they saw this coming. They saw this drone explosion, if you will, before

• 22:56Speaker 04

  it really was anything. And in fact, they anticipated even before that we would have something on stateside soil and unbelievably, we haven't. It's almost unbelievably because of just the ease at which that could be done. But thankfully, through maybe our protections and intelligence and things like that, we haven't really had any issues to deal with on US soil. But now we see it, we saw it in Ukraine and now we're seeing it play out in a huge way in our presence in the Gulf region now. And so drones is- Drones are here to stay and they are very, very troublesome things.

• 23:32Shawn Ryan?

  Wow, they, they had that kind of insight back in 2018?

• 23:37Speaker 04

  I know. It is, to me, it's amazing. To me, it's a whole different kind of visionary. Like, I, I think of myself as a visionary, but more like pragmatic visionary, if you will. Like, what's the next stage? What's the next step? How do we make a better generation, a longer range system? Visionaries like Joe and, and the board and the grant, and Grant and ABC and Redcell and stuff. They have this, you know, they're tapped into like a hundred different people. And in that sort of network, they juxtapose, I think, all of that information and all those inputs. And they come out with these enormously creative ideas that are brilliant. And they knew Bomar, they knew Nathan Mintz from their history together. And went to them and said, hey, we're thinking about something along these lines.

• 24:20Speaker 04

  Do you think we should take a risk and put the money, put the capital to work? And at the time, the military had not thought of this as a good approach. They thought the approach might not be successful. So Joe set out and Grant set out to prove them all wrong. And I think today we're sitting in a pretty good position.

• 24:39Shawn Ryan?

  Yeah, no shit.

• 24:41Speaker 04

  I think the evidence is kind of self apparent that we've proven them all wrong, so.

• 24:45Shawn Ryan?

  Wow, wow. What, so was Leonidas the first, was that the first product?

• 24:51Speaker 04

  Well, Leonidas is a, a scalable product. So it has these little elements that can be much bigger. We can make much bigger antennas and have much more range, or we have smaller ones. And so the class of product we call Leonidas was the first thing that they started working on. And the first one was actually a bunch of huge antennas. It had like only nine or 10 elements and had these huge antennas. It was, it looks like, I don't know if you've ever seen the pictures of like the first Meta glasses or, or Apple, you know, does the augmented reality stuff. Uh, they just look like Frankensteins. They're not compact. They're not down into the right form factor. They don't have all the performance figured out yet. That's what the team built in that COVID period. They built their very, very first prototype of the Leonidas.

• 25:37Speaker 04

  And they weren't entirely sure how it would even be incorporated or what, what, what service would want to go after it and all of that. And, uh, it was a big risk. It really was. But the foresight that Grant and Joe had was pretty remarkable, really remarkable.

• 25:53Shawn Ryan?

  How many products are there?

• 25:56Speaker 04

  Well, we have platforms and right now we have the platform called Leonidas. Now, when I say that, people focus on the directed energy machine, but it's really a whole series of different things. We have to have, first of all, layers. You never are going to get a panacea against this kind of threat. You're not going to get one system that works in all situations counter drone. You're always going to have various layers and various technologies and we can get into the details of what those are and why some technologies work really, really well in some applications and then other technologies work really, really well in other applications. And so when we started to take a look at

• 26:38Speaker 04

  what other products we need in order to finish sort of the system, the system of systems, so that we're not just saying, hey, we have this great effector, but it has to plug in or we have to leverage what you have and what you're using already inside your country. We knew kind of at the beginning or when I started as a chief product officer that we would need sort of a standalone version where we could have radar, electro-optical, telescopes, all of that stuff and our own command and control software to kind of tie it all together. So we built that and then we built basically where we can take the head off and plug into systems like Andrel's lattice. And so, you know, we're working

• 27:19Speaker 04

  with Andrel pretty tightly in order to ensure that as they release lattice for their various customers that are starting to pick up, that our system is well-controlled by that software. So it basically became a situation where we needed other products in order to complete the product that we had. And so by that need, we went out and either sourced through third parties or developed ourselves a whole sensing suite, command and control suite, simulator. We have this really incredible, it's built by guys that used to work at Call of Duty for, on the Call of Duty program and Blizzard and we've got about 12 or so designers, which at Raytheon. You know, no one ever hires designers at Raytheon hardly. It's like something unique.

• 28:04Speaker 04

  Well, they don't have a design-led philosophy there. And when we talk about what is Silicon Valley adding to the whole mix, if you will, you say, well, why is Silicon Valley sort of better in some way? I lean into the design-led thinking. And design-led thinking is human factors, human thinking from the very beginning. That's what it means at its core. In a Raytheon, you're a services contractor. You have the military that decides what they want you to build. They put them all down in like a thousand requirements. They hand you a bunch of requirements and you just build a system that meets the requirements. You get paid and then you move on to the next system. There's no real design process there.

• 28:48Speaker 04

  It's like baked into the system engineering. It's baked into the way that operational commands give feedback to procurement commands and to requirement commands. And all of that is a very bureaucratic process. You get good products out of it. You get expensive products out of it. You get exquisite products out of it. But what we're seeing now is a whole new chapter. It's the stuff that's built at the big primes are not sufficient for this new fight. And, and before anybody gets angry with that, and why I say that, it's, I'll give you an analogy. For the last decades, the primes had been focused on, let's say,

• 29:30Speaker 04

  going out and hunting a lion or lions, like big, big beasts, you know, they have to bring in the big nets, the big guns, the big whatever that they need to go hunt lions. The problem we see today are like mice and little mice that are running around. And what we're doing with our big rockets and our, our big defensive systems are using the same thing we would go up against lions against mice. And it's really that fundamental. It's that can you now develop mice-like apparatuses, Raytheon, quickly and short order like they're doing in Ukraine? Or are you not rigged to do it? Or are you not set up to do that? And not that they can't change and not that they can't like bolt on companies like Epirus

• 30:13Speaker 04

  and let them operate sort of independently and still bring in the human factors and the design-led stuff, but.

• 30:21Shawn Ryan?

  I mean, you're talking about shooting a $2 million missile to.

• 30:25Speaker 04

  Get us $10,000.

• 30:26Shawn Ryan?

  $500 drone.

• 30:27Speaker 04

  Right.

• 30:28Shawn Ryan?

  That's what you're talking about.

• 30:29Speaker 04

  Yes.

• 30:30Shawn Ryan?

  It's not sustainable.

• 30:31Speaker 04

  It's just not even like appropriate. It's like, would you ever take a huge gun or huge, I don't know what you want to do if you don't say gun like net or what, some cage, would you have a cage for a lion with the bars this far apart, you're stuffing mice in it and they're just running through the bars of the cage, you know, it's like, it just isn't the right stuff for this particular fight. And the right stuff is, needs to be here yesterday. It needs to be here yesterday.

• 30:56Shawn Ryan?

  And why, why do you think the big, I mean, why aren't the big primes doing this? Do they just get cocky? Do they think they don't need to innovate? What, what is going on? I mean, I, I, I love it. I, I love seeing, I mean, I've interviewed a whole ton of these, of companies like Epirus that are coming up, Shield AI, Androl, like a bunch of these. And, and the innovation that's coming out of these companies is just amazing. I, I don't know what's coming out of the other companies. I saw, uh, I saw some of the stuff that Lockheed came out with at that, uh, at that event in DC that I met you at.

• 31:30Speaker 04

  Mm-hmm.

• 31:31Shawn Ryan?

  Um, but, but the, the younger, leaner, more innovative companies just seem to be outperforming the big five, uh, defense tech firms. Am I wrong on that or?

• 31:43Speaker 04

  No, you're not wrong, but I wouldn't blame them. Palmer says this very eloquently. I, I've heard him speak on this topic a couple of times, Palmer Lucky of Androl. He would say, uh, they're not incentivized to be fast and creative and move very quickly. They're not incentivized to at risk, spend $200 million developing a new system that they might have a customer for, but they're not quite sure that they're going to have a customer for. They're incentivized to listen very, very, uh, well to the customer, being the military, and go off like a services company, like when you go to a law firm and you say, hey, law firm, I need you to help me with, uh, this dog bite case that I'm in the middle of here or whatever.

• 32:27Speaker 04

  And that law firm then pivots and says, okay, we're going to work on that. That's not how the new neoprimes work. They don't work like a law firm. They don't work like the primes. They guess. They go out, they survey the land, they see the problems, they talk with the generals, they talk with the various folks that are out in the field, and then they guess at what a product that they could invent, that they have in their head, might work to solve this problem or that problem. Some of them are winners, some of them will win, some of them will lose, just like in consumer products, where you'll have a consumer product company that just doesn't make it, but others that do. You're going to have winners and losers, and that's where the big risk comes into play. But if you're willing to take that risk, then you get way more innovation, way more creativity,

• 33:12Speaker 04

  because you're not bounded to this very systematic, like, hand, you know, hand you this, hand you that, stepwise, one, two, three, four, five, six. Never really do anything unless the government says, here's a check, here's how you get paid. And so they're incentivized to just wait for the requirements, wait for the direction on what they should build, and then they go build it. So, like a law firm, just like it. It's, that's what primes are today. So, are they useful? Yes. Will they build the big exquisite machines still into the future on a very robust, well-exercised process? Yes, I, I still think there's a big place for them in the future world. But will they be the ones that can make the mice traps

• 33:54Speaker 04

  and all the things that need to come out, like, in a month-to-month-to-month type iterative cycle, and risk a lot of money up in the front end of the thing to make it all work? They just, they're not really set up to do that. And the only way that I could see them becoming more like that is if they were to take a risk and, like, let's say, buy Epris, and then, like, let us operate exactly like we've been operating under our investors and, and our board that we're under now, just operate the same, but be under their umbrella, so to speak, or, or their brand, but still operate the way that we've been operating. I could see that being one way. Is that starting to happen? I've seen it in bits like Lockheed you mentioned. I know they have a big fund that

• 34:37Speaker 04

  basically funds different small companies that they find having a lot of potential. I'm not sure how many of those are transitioning yet to acquisition, but I think that's the intent is to basically get involved by finding ones that have a real win, you know, and then transitioning them into a growth phase.

• 34:56Shawn Ryan?

  Okay.

• 34:57Speaker 04

  Because, you know, as you start to scale and you're talking about field service operators out in the field, you're talking about people all over the world that are needing support, maintaining these systems, logistics for these systems, all the mill PF type stuff that people talk a lot about. All of that, the primes do well.

• 35:13Shawn Ryan?

  Oh, God.

• 35:14Speaker 04

  They're well situated, they're well staffed, they have people all over the world. When you need to scale in mass, it's it's nice to partner with primes because they have mass. And for example, General Dynamics Land Systems is a major, major partner to us. And I had really never had a partnership quite as close as we are with GD. And GD ends up being that sort of big brother to say, hey, do you have people in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in the Middle East and other places? Because we do. We have loads of people over there and we can help you scale when it comes time to scale versus trying to build everything from like new, like everything new and everything fresh. Leverage what they're good at, scaling,

• 35:55Speaker 04

  mass production, field support, all of those types of elements, and then keep the innovation and keep the stuff that these neo-primes are doing really well, like like Shield AI and all the rest of them that you named and more. There's many, many more. All of those companies are doing the innovation really, really well right now, in particular for these types of threats.

• 36:18Shawn Ryan?

  Gotcha, gotcha. I mean, it just seems, especially with the with the current wars that, you know, we're involved in right now, in particular, Ukraine with all the, I mean, everything just seems so cheap that they're doing over there.

• 36:35Speaker 04

  Yeah, cheap and innovative and quick and, you know, a thousand, like death by a thousand cuts, as they say, right? And everything is very distributed. It's almost, it feels to me like If people know in the audience about cyber and like how cyber works, right? If you look at semantic and how it defends against these little Trojan viruses that get in and try to do harm to your system, those Trojans are like 110, 150, 200 lines of code. They can be very, very small pieces of software. But semantic needs millions or billions of lines of code, right?

• 37:14Speaker 04

  In order to defend against these little harassing software type drones, if you will. And if you look at the physical world now, we have that sort of like metaphor where the layered defense that we know in cyber defense and the swarms that you see in cyber attacks where you'll get viruses coming in this way, viruses coming in this way. Those types of attack vectors, if you will, call them attack vectors are being used in the physical world now. So the drones are like the little Trojans that are everywhere doing mass swarms, trying to overwhelm the enemy through just sheer quantity and mass.

• 37:56Speaker 04

  And then our defensive networks are becoming more and more layered and nuanced so that we have these layers of protection because what you don't hear in the news a lot is like nine out of every 10 of these drones were taken care of. It's just one or two out of 10 that are leaking past. Wow. And as they increase that ratio scales, so if they send in 100, that means 10 will get passed. If they send in 1,000, maybe 100 will get passed. And so we need more layers. We need more systems like Leonidas presented in the fight so that we can take care of the leakers, take care of the swarms, take care of the dark drones. Leakers? What are leakers? Leakers are what I just said. If you have a system in place like an Iron Dome that takes care of nine out of the 10

• 38:40Speaker 04

  shah heads that come in and you get one that get in, that's your leaker. That kind of gets through your traditional network. And Leonidas is good for those. It's a good last line of defense, like a close in weapon system, but with electromagnetic energy. It's a good analogy if the listeners know about the Sea Whiz, the little R2D2s on ships that have the 5,000 rounds a minute type of ability to just do that close in protection. What we're doing with Leonidas at Epirus is creating basically a close-in weapon system, but using electromagnetic bullets versus physical bullets to kind of provide that last line of defense. And one, it can provide a very nice last line of defense against leakers. We talked about those.

• 39:24Speaker 04

  Really nice line of defense against swarms. Like, the gift I gave you was a 49 shoot-down, but that doesn't mean we can't shoot down 500 or 1,000 or more. And then it gives you a really nice defense against fiber optic, fiber optic drones that you've seen these in the Ukraine now, these guys that-

• 39:40Shawn Ryan?

  You're talking about the drones that tethered?

• 39:42Speaker 04

  Tethered, yeah. We call them dark drones, because it could be fiber optic in the future, it could be autonomous drones that just don't use any sort of RF or any sort of global positioning or any of that in order to see where it's at and to navigate. Autonomous drones will be like fiber without the line, without the tethered fishing line that goes behind it. But those types of drones are just as susceptible against RFX as a regular remote-controlled drone.

• 40:11Shawn Ryan?

  No kidding.

• 40:12Speaker 04

  So it doesn't really jam it. It's like an EMP, like you said at the very beginning. It's like a, small little electromagnetic pulses that we're putting out exactly directed where we want to direct them.

• 40:22Shawn Ryan?

  Wow. Let's dive into, let's dive into Leonidas. What are all of its capabilities? What does it do? Where is it deployed?

• 40:32Speaker 04

  So, just to start really simple, and then we'll double-click down. In a simple way, it's sort of like the first version that the human race of a force field that anyone's ever created. If, if listeners are seeing Star Trek and Star Wars, they'll put these fields up, and those fields, obviously, in the movies are like against physical objects that'll like bounce off of them like a wall or whatever. Our system isn't quite to that level of sophistication yet, but as far as a version one of a force field that is a close-in- Protective field that sends out these very, very, very high, high-powered electromagnetic interference waves that when the drone, if you imagine, here's the, here's the field

• 41:17Speaker 04

  that we're putting out there. As the drone gets into this electromagnetic interference field, it might stutter, the camera might stop working, then it gets deeper and deeper, closer and closer into the intensity of the electromagnetic interference, and eventually the computer just can't operate. It just does not operate under that strong of a field surrounding the computer board. And computer goes dead, or one of the servos locks up, or whatever.

• 41:44Shawn Ryan?

  So this is a, so this is like a bubble?

• 41:46Speaker 04

  It's like a bubble, exactly. You could put a bubble around a embassy, you could put a bubble around a White House, you could put a bubble around, you know, anything, anything that you can think of, really. We've got small-

• 41:58Shawn Ryan?

  A country.

• 41:58Speaker 04

  What's that?

• 41:59Shawn Ryan?

  A country.

• 41:59Speaker 04

  A country. Well, that would take a lot of money and a lot of systems, but you could theoretically do that if you wanted to like, make something huge, building size, you could go out miles with a system like this. Like if you wanted to, let's say, protect the Straits of Taiwan, and you wanted to build a, an enormous building size version of Leonidas. You saw the one out there earlier, that one was like 10 foot by 10 foot. Imagine 100 feet by 100 feet, or bigger.

• 42:28Shawn Ryan?

  Oh shit, okay.

• 42:29Speaker 04

  You can really power project then, and start thinking about huge things to defend against these types of drones with a system that big.

• 42:39Shawn Ryan?

  Can they interconnect?

• 42:40Speaker 04

  Yes, they can interconnect.

• 42:42Shawn Ryan?

  Meaning, meaning, what I'm talking about, I mean, you know, what comes to my mind is the, is the Iron Dome over Israel.

• 42:48Speaker 04

  Correct.

• 42:49Shawn Ryan?

  How is that built? Is that, is that a bunch of systems all linked together for one big dome? Or is that one massive device?

• 42:58Speaker 04

  It, it, it, and I think in essence, it basically gives you a theoretical, in our minds, dome, but how it actually operates is much more, you know, down the traditional OODA loops, where you have, you know, detect, you're like scanning, basically, wide area search, and then you're tracking, and then you're like, okay, assign this effector to that type of threat, we know that it can take out of it, and then it takes out of it. So it's really the, I think the coordination that makes Iron Dome so successful, it's a very close-knit, coordinated system that works really, really well. In fact, I, I met not too long ago in Singapore, one of the original- Engineers that design, that has credit to designing that, that iron dome. And they have other versions with directed energy now and other things, but nothing like

• 43:43Speaker 04

  Leonidas. We've been talking to Israel and we've been talking to others about something like Leonidas. They're very interested. They want to work with us, you know, because of all the issues that are now plaguing Israel. You see it on the news every night. You'll see, if you see something get hit in Israel, that's a leaker, or it's a dark drone, or it was a swarm that just overwhelmed their defenses as they're now rigged.

• 44:11Shawn Ryan?

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• 45:36Shawn Ryan?

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• 45:51Speaker 05

  Hi, I'm Sarah Adams, the host of Vigilance Elites: The Watch Floor, where we highlight what matters. It became a permissive state. Explain to you why it matters, and then aim to leave you feeling better informed than you were before you hit play. Terrorists, hostile intelligence agencies, organized crime. Not everything is urgent, but this show will focus on what is need to know, not just what is nice to know.

• 46:29Shawn Ryan?

  So I've seen, Grant actually sent me some videos of capabilities. And, or actually, maybe I found those, whatever. I might have found them on your website. But, but the way it appeared to me is it's 49 drones, 49 individual shots, that all happened simultaneously. Is it, am I off on this?

• 46:55Speaker 04

  Yeah, if you could, and I'm even thinking about using like, augmented reality glasses to show what's going on, and tie that into the computer that's doing the commands and stuff, so that you could see what's happening. What happened in that 49 drone video? If the viewers like really, frame by frame, take a look at it. We do three major spots. So, but it all happens in less than a second. So we hit the one group that sits there, the second group there, and then the third group there. And we do that within like a half a second. We go one, two, three.

• 47:30Shawn Ryan?

  Holy shit.

• 47:30Speaker 04

  So we're steering the beam, kinda like in a laser light show, you know how they can steer one laser and make like a whole shape? We're steering the beam so quickly that the drones that are falling prey to us think that they're all over, like the beam's all over. But what we're really doing is very quickly on the time scale, moving the beam around in whatever pattern the drones require us to do. So we're not going to throw away energy. Like if there's not a drone there, we're not going to point it in that direction. We'll shape the basically force field for whatever sort of targets that are out there in front of us.

• 48:05Shawn Ryan?

  So the force field morphs into what you need it to morph?

• 48:08Speaker 04

  Exactly. That's a great way of putting it.

• 48:10Shawn Ryan?

  Okay. Shit, that's badass.

• 48:15Speaker 04

  Wow. It's tip of the spear tech, it really is. And that's why I told you at the beginning, I love learning. I love being part of something that's so advanced, even in some ways controversial. We have our naysayers out there. We have the folks that say. Controversial? Well. What the fuck is controversial about counter drone? I mean. No, not about that. There, I don't, too many people that say, hey, let's forget about this counter drone problem. I don't think it's going to be a problem in a couple of years. I think most people are wedded to the idea that drones are here and here to stay and they're a really big problem. But there's all kinds of opinions of what the best way to solve the problem, right? There's all differences. You've got laser systems, you have guys making, you know,

• 49:00Speaker 04

  Gatling guns in the back of pickup trucks, you know, the Bullfrog guy at Allen Control Systems, building something like that. Another kind of close-in weapon system that provides with bullets anyway, sort of that last layer of attack, or defense, I should say. And then you have a whole bunch of other types of systems that, again, like I said earlier, work really well in certain conditions and not as well in other conditions. So, the hard, hard problem that the Army, that the Air Force, that our foreign allies have right now is figuring out what to pick. You know, what to use in this layer or that layer. And that's why we've leaned into the simulation, like we've leaned into the video game where

• 49:43Speaker 04

  you can play like tower defense in real life and drop in Leonituses, drop in other electronic warfare systems, drop in radar systems and say, if I set up a protection scheme like this, and then we partnered with another company called Gambit, and Gambit's another NeoPrime, that basically runs scenarios, like drones could come in and do this, they could come on high and drop down, they could, and run a hundred different scenarios and say, will this, this layered defense network or this layered defense scheme work for this particular target? That's going to be. Absolutely, 100% required as we move further and further into the future. Lots of companies are doing it. I think we're doing it in a unique way, right outside of Fort Sill

• 50:25Speaker 04

  in Lawton, Oklahoma. We have a big experience center, experience site that soldiers and others can come into and, you know, play video games. It's like Ender's Game, right? You know, it's like if you practice, just like you fight, and so we've created simulators and emulators that look like you're in the fight. It appears like you're doing it. So when you go from Fort Sill area over into the battlefield, you're not going to see any difference. You're going to see the same sort of scenarios play out, one in simulation and one in real life.

• 50:55Shawn Ryan?

  Wow.

• 50:59Shawn Ryan?

  Man, I got a ton of questions. I'm trying to organize them into some type of order, but I mean, what is the, what is the, what's the range on something like this?

• 51:08Speaker 04

  But, you know, we, as usual, I'm going to give you probably a answer that's a function of your question. So the range is 100% dependent on the size of the system. And you size the system and then therefore the range based upon the target that you're trying to protect. So if you're trying to protect a tank, you've seen maybe some videos of first-person viewers with fiber optic tethers on them, hitting an Abrams tank in the back and blowing up the tank or whatever. You get a $3, $4 million tank blown up by a $10,000, $20,000 first-person viewer drone.

• 51:46Speaker 04

  Those types of, uh, systems are like small, right? Or relatively small, like a big toolbox, you know, about as big as a big toolbox. Very dense, the electronics. And then the range, though, is maybe 50 meters. But a tank's not going to need much more than about 50 meters by our calculations. And so you've got certain size ones that have ranges at that low of a level. And then you have ones that have the need to go much, much bigger than that. If you're trying to defend a base or a... Or an airfield, or embassy, or any of those sort of things, then you're gonna need at least what you see in kind of a lot of other different protective systems where you're out at like SeaWiz. SeaWiz goes out to about one and a half kilometers. If you

• 52:31Speaker 04

  look at the nominal range of what a close-in weapon system can defend, it's about 1.5 kilometers. So, we are like defending a ship, need about that size, it's about a building size, we need something in that range. So, the big one you see out there that we kind of toured around and take a look at, that one is for the embassies, for the fixed targets, the what sometimes they're called the point defense type applications. Those ones are in that kind of manifold of range.

• 53:00Shawn Ryan?

  So that would, that would basically defend this entire property?

• 53:05Speaker 04

  You could, it, since it's mobile, absolutely. Cause if you could detect out at five or 10 kilometers, then you move the system both on the ground and then with the antenna to kind of protect. And so, out to like a half mile, mile, that type of distance, which is what about this property would be, you, you would be safe. And if you had a really critical target, you might want two on a, on a property about this size, one having like-

• 53:30Shawn Ryan?

  Over 180 and 180?

• 53:31Speaker 04

  Exactly. And then that way you don't need to beam over the house or whatnot. You've got one half of Leonidas this guy, one half Leonidas this guy. And to your question earlier, you can take the beams and steer them in the same direction, point them at the same target, and it doesn't quite double up, but it gives you about 50 or 60% more range by having two systems. So-

• 53:52Shawn Ryan?

  Oh shit.

• 53:53Speaker 04

  The seams, like if you had two left and right of your house right now, the seam down the middle is where people would think to go, but those are cut, that seam is covered as well or even better than coming right at the system. So we try to make a very sort of robust shield, if you will, so that nothing can get through. And we're that final last line.

• 54:13Shawn Ryan?

  What would this do to a human?

• 54:15Speaker 04

  Nothing. Like, I would stand in, like, I tell people, like, there's a famous, my, one of my sort of fans from the nuclear navy was Admiral Rickover. He was like one of the greatest intrapreneurs in the world, created the entire nuclear program in like four years for subs and for surface ships and all of that. And there's a famous scene where Admiral Rickover goes into Congress and drinks the effluent of the primary coolant. He drinks down a glass of it, saying how safe, to try to illustrate how safe. I was telling someone before we came out here, I said, "I would stand in front of the main beam, not for like an hour, but I'd stand in front of the main beam for like fifteen seconds and go, 'Zap me.' It won't do anything. It won't, it wouldn't do a thing to me." And I'll tell you why.

• 54:58Speaker 04

  You go, "Well, why? I mean, these microwaves, ovens and stuff." We happen to use frequencies that are so low, they're close to kind of RF. They're still microwave, they're considered microwave, but they're almost in the RF or radio frequency band of waves. And those waves pass harmlessly through us. Those are the kind of radio towers and stuff like that. The very, very long wavelength, very, very low frequency waves. Those frequencies are not harmful to humans. They just pass right through us and pass right through biologics, not harmful to plants, not harmful to birds. We are a little bit above that, but not much. So we do have to be somewhat safety conscious. We have to do HERO, HERP, HERF, these different

• 55:42Speaker 04

  hazardous electromagnetic radiation for personnel. There's these limits that are very, very tight and very tightly controlled. We have to be below those by measure, but it's not hard for us to be below them. We're, we're well below them and you can stand very close to the machine and not have any sort of effects whatsoever.

• 56:00Shawn Ryan?

  Okay. And it's not, it's not radiating any microwaves unless it detects something, correct?

• 56:06Speaker 04

  Exactly. So even if you do radiate, it might be twenty seconds or ten seconds of radiation, then it's off again. The drones are down.

• 56:14Shawn Ryan?

  Okay. And so when it does detect something... Is it, if you could visualize, if you could see the beam, what would it look like? Would it be, would it look like a laser? Would it look like a, like a, like a blast wave? What would it look like?

• 56:31Speaker 04

  It would look like, it would not look like a laser. It would look more like a, uh, it's about, oh, um, let me think about this, how to say this right without giving away too much. It's nowhere near as thin of a beam as a, as a layer. It's a, it's a thicker beam. And, and if you look at it, so it would look like a-

• 56:54Shawn Ryan?

  A spotlight.

• 56:55Speaker 04

  Like a, oh, that's a great analogy. It's about like a spotlight. Yeah. Like a spotlight that you would see would be, yes. That's absolutely dead on. That is a great way of looking at it. Like the spotlight you see in the parking lots to say, hey, come over here. And they shine up in the sky and they zoom them around and make different sorts of things. That's about, in the microwave frequencies, exactly what the beam would look like.

• 57:17Shawn Ryan?

  How many of those beams can it?

• 57:21Speaker 04

  We shoot just, we keep it at just one because we want to eke out every bit of power we can. We don't want to distribute the beams into a bunch of beams so then that, but we move it at, at microsecond speeds. So like, it's hard for a human to even think about this, just like the lights in this room are blinking on and off right now, but we can't see them. But, and that's only at 60 hertz. We're at a much, much faster repetition rate that we're doing. So we can basically go around this whole 60 degrees by 60 degrees and fill the sky with pulsating electromagnetic interference energy and a drone anywhere in that big sort of section of the sky would fall.

• 57:59Shawn Ryan?

  It's so, so it's so fast, it just looks like it's happening all simultaneous, all at the exact, it looks like a, like a blast wave.

• 58:07Speaker 04

  Exactly. To the physical system, like if you were on the drone, like a little guy inside the drone driving it, you would just see, no matter if you were here, here, here, you would see this electromagnetic pulsating wave just hitting you and hitting you and hitting you. Like as if you took that spotlight that you made the reference to and just had a guy that in a, in a one second could just just run that spotlight across the whole sky.

• 58:31Shawn Ryan?

  Shit. How does it detect the drones?

• 58:36Speaker 04

  It does it through a combination of radar and electro-optical and infrared. So we have three bands of frequencies. We have the radar, which goes out and it's pretty high, high-frequency radar because it has to find these little drones as far a distance as we can find them. So we start with like a 360-degree radar and we're searching and we're searching. Or we're tapped into AndroLattice and Lattice is doing the searching and then handing us, "Hey, we found something, we're gonna assign it to you." But in the headed situation where we're doing everything, we search. We search about maybe a 10-kilometer to 20-kilometer space. We see things way out as they're coming in and then soon as we see them, we're starting to move or position our system to be able to take the attack.

• 59:20Speaker 04

  But we're not firing until it gets in that kind of final sort of layer is where we fire, where we don't try to hit them way out at 10 miles or, or 5 miles. It's in that last sort of engagement zone. So other things are handling, other layers are handling the further out fight. We're sitting back just like a goalie in a hockey game, just pointed, "Ready, ready, ready, ready to stop, ready to stop." We get either the assignment or if we're a standalone, we give ourselves the assignment. It's locked on to by our telescope, basically. It's electro-optical and infrared telescope. Some of the videos on line, you can see the infrared version of that telescope. So it locks on to it very tightly. We hit the trigger, it goes on for about two seconds. Every drone in the sky falls down.

• 1:00:05Shawn Ryan?

  Damn.

• 1:00:06Speaker 04

  Very, very quickly.

• 1:00:09Shawn Ryan?

  How big of a drone could you take out something like a Predator drone? How, how, how big of a machine can you disable?

• 1:00:20Speaker 04

  The, the theory applies and scales to anything with electronics. However, as you get bigger and bigger drones, you're able to get bigger and bigger weight capacities and you can do a lot of things with electromagnetic shielding. So even drones that even fly at 100,000 feet, they have cosmic radiation and electromagnetic fields that have to like be shielded against. And so, and, and this is actually in one side, you go, "Oh, that shoot, you can't get those big drones." But on the other side, we're also not taking out airplanes or 747s or anything like it's super safe because of the kind of controlled, short-range nature of the system. Um, so, um...

• 1:01:03Speaker 04

  So it works really, really well against group one and group twos. So these harassing first-person viewers, it's, that is what it was designed for. It was a drone, group one, group two, goalie, stop. We have tested against some group threes. We have lots of information, commercial information around, and commercial testing around bigger systems that enterprising people pick up out of the field into Ukraine that get downed and then we buy those commercially and we test our system to see the viability. And it does seem to have good effects, at least in a chamber where we test it. We haven't flown a Shahed at it or anything like that. We haven't, don't have any Shahed pilots and don't have a Shahed that's operational.

• 1:01:46Speaker 04

  So we rig up the systems that we have and we're able to gain access to and we test in the chamber how our system would affect the system out in the field. And we have kind of math equations that are really accurate, like within 5%. If we can down the drone inside of our chamber at such a distance or a calculated distance, then it equates to that same distance out in the field. So we do believe they will be effective against group threes. It is effective against group threes, but I wouldn't, I wouldn't call it, again, I just caution everyone to say, nothing is a panacea. There's always need for layers. There's always need for more than just one set of stopping things. You have to have other different types of systems in order to be safe, in order to be

• 1:02:31Speaker 04

  safe and get everything.

• 1:02:32Shawn Ryan?

  I mean, if this is as successful as you think it's gonna be, or than it is, this would, I mean, this would make drone warfare obsolete. It's, at some point in time, probably in the near future, correct?

• 1:02:51Speaker 04

  If we, if we do what I hope we're able to do, it will change the face of drone warfare completely. Now, I'm not saying it will obsolete it, because this is a chess game or cat and mouse game, you know, where... You know, they build a bigger mousetrap and they figure out a better mouse and you just back and forth, back and forth. Any, if you ask anyone who's an expert in electronic warfare, that is all of electronic warfare. Like next generation jammer, we might be jamming something at 150 miles and then all of a sudden they change the physical construction of the radar and it can't jam it but 75 miles out. So you're always playing this, who's got the lead, who's got the upper hand, the enemy or us, the enemy, the us.

• 1:03:36Speaker 04

  But with that said, this is a game changer. It is a game changer. It's going to force our adversaries back into normal, more back into normal lanes where they're not attacking data centers and civilian type targets and all of that. We'll be able to build enough of, I think of a robust network with our system and others that are emerging onto the market that will cripple the ability for bad actors to be able to use drones. It will really cripple them. And so.

• 1:04:04Shawn Ryan?

  What about nukes? A lot of big talk right now, Iran, Russia, China, been going on forever. You know, a lot of fear about nuclear war, though. There has been for what, probably since, I don't know, 20, probably since the Ukraine war kicked off, which was what, 22 maybe? But, I mean, could they be repurposed or is the technology there to develop, the baseline technology there to develop an iron dome that would defend against?

• 1:04:38Speaker 04

  This, I would say that the best use for the Golden Dome, Iron Dome or Golden Dome is President Trump and the team has been calling it. The Golden Dome, those are a whole bunch of different, very important systems, like THAAD systems, Patriot missile systems, and a network that networks all of that together in this much larger air picture. Now, now, now, I'll say that and.

• 1:05:11Speaker 04

  Those systems have been shown to be vulnerable against mice.

• 1:05:16Shawn Ryan?

  Gotcha.

• 1:05:17Speaker 04

  The nukes are the lions. The nuclear ballistic missiles are lions. And in fact, you know, a lot of the ballistic missiles are what exactly what they say. They go way up into outer space. And then they calculate exactly where they need to drop their little bombs. And they got like a bunch of them inside a warhead. And then they just drop these things. These, they're ballistic. They're not electronically steering. They're not doing, they're using all this really high math to figure out, okay, if we drop it right here at this time in this direction and launch it there, it'll fall to the earth and hit or explode in the atmosphere, just depending on the type of nuke. So they're tough. It's tough. It's a tough problem to stop ballistics. And you really want to get at it as close to the launch as you can.

• 1:06:00Speaker 04

  Like, you know, you want to be able to like have your target hit their rocket before their rocket even gets a chance to ballistically drop those missiles and stuff like that. So it's a little bit different equation. Uh, and I, but I'm not, you know, I like, I'll ask Joe and he'll have five ideas about how it could help in any case. I can't visualize how it would help in that mission right now. But where I can visualize it will help, it will protect the protector. So as we set up THAADs and we set up these different bases, we should have our systems and other systems like ours protecting those type of things from a Jersey drone types. You know, like if you have a Chinese boat with a bunch of containers off the shore,

• 1:06:41Speaker 04

  send it in a swarm of drones like the Ukraines did in Operation Spiderweb. You have that last lane of defense so that your big missiles and your big sort of defensive type systems aren't being taken out.

• 1:06:53Shawn Ryan?

  Okay. Wow, man. Warfare is changing.

• 1:06:58Speaker 04

  Totally.

• 1:06:59Shawn Ryan?

  So much.

• 1:06:59Speaker 04

  It is really changing.

• 1:07:01Shawn Ryan?

  Shit. Feel like I was yesterday, I was at war that I wouldn't even recognize it today.

• 1:07:07Speaker 04

  It's the same. Like I was telling someone when I was in the Navy, you know, when I'd go out overseas, you know, I'd bring warfighters like you over there, but I was just driving the airport, you know, running the, running the nu- nuclear plants underneath. And when my wife would say, are you gonna be hurt? You're gonna be injured? I said, no, no, we're sitting on an airport, you know, way out in the water. There's no way anything's getting to us. We're, you know, inland, those are the guys having all the risk. You can't say that anymore.

• 1:07:31Shawn Ryan?

  Yeah.

• 1:07:31Speaker 04

  Everything's a target now. Now, ships have pretty good close-in defensive networks like the sea whizzes we were talking about earlier and all that, but it's not improbable or even un sort of imaginable for a carrier or something like that to become susceptible to a drone attack. It just is a new way of warfare.

• 1:07:51Shawn Ryan?

  So where will these, where will these be utilized? I mean, I know you guys have some that are already out in the field, but I mean, are these gonna be on every naval vessel, every overseas FOB base, every embassy, over the White House? I mean, I mean, it's, it's everything. I mean, you mentioned everything from tanks to entire bases.

• 1:08:15Speaker 04

  Yeah, I, I think there is a, uh, potentiality for these types of systems, and as they evolve into more and more and better, better capabilities, for them to become almost as ubiquitous as radars. I mean, when, when, when we built radars back in the 40s and 50s, we hadn't, I mean, there was a lot of people poo-pooing them, saying, ah, you know, radars are just a fad, they're gonna come and go. But, you know, now radars are everywhere. They're like everywhere. Everybody has a radar. And I had a radar on my little, uh, my little, uh, I had a Ranger tug for a while in the Columbia River. I had a radar on my Ranger tug, you know. So you can get, radars just become commodity. I think this type of technology

• 1:08:55Speaker 04

  very may well be a commodity type technology that, uh, if we continue to live in a world where bad actors are using these toys and these mice, as we call them, to kind of... Get out of the lane, you know, get out of the normal lanes of warfare to try to use these things to create terror type stuff. Even if the war ends in two or three weeks, that doesn't end, right? We don't end the Houthis, you know, hurting people in the Red Sea and trying to mess up our shipping lanes. You doesn't end people trying to throw drones into American bases and such over in that region, other bad actors. I think even if we pull out the big guns and we go back or whatever in a few weeks

• 1:09:36Speaker 04

  from now, there's going to be a, at least a many, many year sort of tale to this that drones and this mice warfare is going to be really prevalent, I think, in that region, especially in that region.

• 1:09:48Shawn Ryan?

  How much will something like, I mean, you know, at the beginning, earlier we said, I had said, you know, a $2 million missile to take out a $500 drone. I mean, what, what do these cost? What are they, what does each shot cost? I mean, it's just energy. So I don't know what that equates to.

• 1:10:08Speaker 04

  Yeah, we have, and this is something that is very relevant and we're doing right now with, with the Department of War. We're showing them basically each and every sort of perturbation, what you just asked. So a system, just a standalone system, the big ones, like the ones you see out there, they can go for, depending on how you outfit them, what kind of sensors you're using, they can go from anywhere from the mid teens to, you know, upwards to 20 million or more if you want all the bells and whistles and stuff. So they're not cheap. They're not cheap to buy the system.

• 1:10:42Shawn Ryan?

  Uh huh.

• 1:10:43Speaker 04

  But then every drone there on after is pennies, is literally pennies. The fuel that it takes us to take down an individual drone costs just a few cents, five, 10, 20 cents, something like that. If you combine those two, then it becomes an equation of how many drones are you taking out in a given month, in a given year, utilizing that system? And if you take out, let's say, 50 drones in a month. It becomes dollars. Even the, you know, you're like hundreds of dollars per drone versus, and that's counting all that, you know, uh, between 10 and 20 million dollars of costs and all of that. All of that all in, you're still down at hundreds of dollars per shot. Once you start to have utilization of the system.

• 1:11:28Speaker 04

  So there's two ways that someone would decide to use their system. One, it would be a lot cheaper than going the missile routes because if I'm using it all the time, it's going to get a lot of utility and that's going to drive my price per shot way, way, way down. So then that big sort of bill up front is much, much littler. Or, um, uh, what was I going to say? So either one, that you're going to drive that cost per shot down. Or two, you're going to understand, uh, that, that target that you're defending, even if it doesn't get like a million drones a day or whatever. If that target even has a chance of being attacked by drones, it's so valuable, you don't even want the chance to happen. So I think those are going to be the two really sort of robust applications we get at right away.

• 1:12:13Speaker 04

  Where the either one, they're going to protect something extremely important and vital to be protected at all costs. Or two, it'll be a very high op tempo of many, many drones flying in per day, and then that'll drive the cost way down. If you want to stick a big expensive thing like this in like some port in Louisiana or something like that on the Gulf, it'd probably be overkill at this point. You know, at least at this point, and still we start driving costs down as we start to scale and we start to get into production, then they become more and more ubiquitous. But first movers and first users will probably be, uh, you know, very high value targets at this point.

• 1:12:52Shawn Ryan?

  Okay. I mean, I'm, I'm just curious, how small do you think you can make this thing? Well, that will, will, I know it's probably not a high priority right now, but I'm just wondering, you know, you, we see, I just had this Ukrainian drone operator actually show up here and he hunted me down on, on the property. And it just, I've never been involved in drone warfare. It was not a thing during my time.

• 1:13:17Speaker 04

  Right.

• 1:13:17Shawn Ryan?

  Other than predators.

• 1:13:18Speaker 04

  Right.

• 1:13:19Shawn Ryan?

  You know, and, uh, another problem, but not FPV drones.

• 1:13:23Speaker 04

  Right.

• 1:13:23Shawn Ryan?

  Running me down. And, and, and so throughout that exercise, it just, it, it, it got my mind jogging and... Would you be able to, would this be a squad defense weapon potentially for, for a, a, a team of special operators?

• 1:13:40Speaker 04

  Yeah, it, it very well could. We, we have a system that we designed prototypes. We never got into production with it, but we have several prototypes of something about the size of the toolbox, weighs about 40 pounds. So it's not light and it's not super light, but you could get a soldier to carry it, or you could get, you know, a couple of people to move it around with, with a squad. Um, the range is, is limited. That, that's the issue. Like if you want to have something the size of a toolbox and go, you know, 50, 100, 200 meters or something like that, that's, right now with where the technology is, that's really not possible. Other than if you had a whole bunch of those boxes and you were pointing them all at the same thing, then you could start getting sort of into those type of ranges.

• 1:14:25Speaker 04

  But that's been a real hard one. I mean, they, you've seen out on the news, maybe these drone guns that, that folks have, I don't know if you've seen them. Those are electronic warfare. Those are jammers. They're trying to use jamming to kind of like if the bad actor isn't sophisticated, or if it's a hobbyist or whatever. The drone guns work pretty good. We're looking at if we could design something like a drone gun, like a drone bazooka, maybe it would be more like, where we could have an individual basically hit something at 50 meters or 100 meters that just isn't close in sight. I think it's possible.

• 1:14:59Shawn Ryan?

  Okay.

• 1:15:00Speaker 04

  Um, I think the first step, and we're working alongside Andrel on a bunch of things, but one of the things we've looked at is, and I saw, heard Joe talk about this, is their, uh, Roadrunner vehicle that does the vertical land, sort of like Elon's rockets or whatever. It's really, really cool system. And it has a small little payload section that if Palmer can get his Roadrunner in six, eight feet, nine, 10 yards, something like that, between, you know, three to 10 yards from a target, then we can EP, we can, you know, electromagnetic pulse it, falls, move on to the next one, move on to the next one. Uh, there's an application for that kind of a, a potential. So you could have maybe a-

• 1:15:41Speaker 04

  A drone you could launch and with a squad and go up and and project that range that way if you can't tolerate the littler range that you're going to get on a smaller system. We're right now in process of taking our electronics and making them much smaller, much denser to make the power density go way up and the primary driver of that is vehicle protection. So we've kind of been working our way down. We've we've gone from kind of the larger fixed and semi-fixed site type protection with the bigger system and we have a medium system that the Marines want to use for some of their platoons and and sort of like expeditionary units and things like that that have drone problems, but they could bring them with them on a JLTV or some other vehicle that they have

• 1:16:26Speaker 04

  in their arsenal. That's the medium size and then the small size is for individual vehicle protections like the tanks like we were talking about earlier. We haven't quite kicked off yet an individual soldier protection, although we're getting tons of pressure and tons of requests out of the Army to do that. I mean, they they really want to get it down to kind of an individual soldier level that has something other than what they have today to protect themselves.

• 1:16:51Shawn Ryan?

  Yeah, I actually, I didn't even mean for the individual soldier, but I mean, if you were to do something like the bin Laden raid, you know, where where they could just, you know, roll a vehicle up, maybe it's attached to the helicopter that lands, maybe it's on a vehicle, maybe it's maybe it's a fucking backpack that you just set right in the middle of the target and then it gives you, you know, it you don't have to worry about FPV drones, you know, coming to mess with you while you're trying to pull a hostage out.

• 1:17:19Speaker 04

  Well, I even give you one better. You could take that system and and point it at the wall that you're about to bust through or the door you're about to bust through and knock out all the computers, all the different things inside. I mean, it again, works on everything. So drones, yes, but it also will work at bin Laden sitting there on his computer network.

• 1:17:37Shawn Ryan?

  Shit.

• 1:17:37Speaker 04

  Take out his computers. Everything goes dark in his room and then boom, the explosion happens, they go in and get him. So it has a ton of applications. When we start looking at special ops and some of the three-letter agencies and stuff, it's it's got just a ton of. Adjacent applications other than just drone stop. You can stop vehicles with this thing. So imagine like a cop with a thing on its hood, like one of the medium or small size systems on the hood of a car, chasing out after someone, stop them by hitting them with electromagnetic energy. The car engine shuts down. Like calmly and easily take the guy in. Or someone running a gate, right? Trying to do a run a gate.

• 1:18:20Speaker 04

  Typically, some tragedies have happened that we've had to just shoot those folks that have gone off, off the deep end and trying to charge into a gate with a vehicle. You could create a system that stops vehicles with electromagnetic energy prior to having to do small arms fire on an individual doing that.

• 1:18:38Shawn Ryan?

  Wow.

• 1:18:39Speaker 04

  Jet skis in ports? That's another one that is a big problem. Jet skis running around ships and stuff in port. Don't shoot the jet ski. Just shoot it with a little electromagnetic energy. Turn off the jet ski and

• 1:18:52Shawn Ryan?

  Wow.

• 1:18:53Speaker 04

  Rest the perpetrator.

• 1:18:54Shawn Ryan?

  Who is operating these? Is this operated by AI? Is this, does it have an individual operator?

• 1:19:00Speaker 04

  It, it, it's range. We, it's like, I, I, I think SeaWiz is a really good. I, I'm, I used to be a Combat Information Center officer on the Incheon, was my first ship where I got my SWOOP in and stuff. It had three modes of operation. It has a man in the loop, which is just manual. You have man on the loop where the system will go through and give you a recommendation and say, we recommend this course of action. And you say yes or say no and change. And then you have fully auto, just like in a SeaWiz where you're just like, oh, man, this is, you know, the world is crashing down. I got a thousand drones from every direction coming in and I just wouldn't even have time to just, I gotta save myself.

• 1:19:44Speaker 04

  And you put it in full auto and it

• 1:19:47Shawn Ryan?

  Does it all.

• 1:19:48Speaker 04

  Yeah, it does it all.

• 1:19:49Shawn Ryan?

  Right on. You ready to go take a look at this thing?

• 1:19:52Speaker 04

  Let's do it.

• 1:19:56Shawn Ryan?

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• 1:20:40Shawn Ryan?

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• 1:21:53Shawn Ryan?

  The E Ranch just got some Defense Tech upgrades. Check it out.

• 1:22:16Shawn Ryan?

  Alright, so we're out here with Andy Lowery. And, uh, we got the Leonidas right behind us on a truck with all kinds of whiz bangs on it. What are we looking at here?

• 1:22:29Speaker 04

  Well, we debuted, this is our, uh, a Leonidas AGV, Autonomous Ground Vehicle. And what we have is a full-size system, like we were talking about, ones that would be appropriate against maybe a base defense, or something larger range, but now this is made to be mobile. Now, three companies came together to make this mobile. One, Eperus. See the big antenna? Two, General Dynamics Land Systems, and three Kodiak Defense. And Kodiak Defense provides the autonomy, so they're kinda doing the Waymo

• 1:23:00Shawn Ryan?

  Okay.

• 1:23:01Speaker 04

  of this truck. So this truck can drive with a driver, or without. Just like a Waymo car. Drive around wherever you need it. Drive by wire, or drive autonomously. Position the system wherever you need to position it. Like, let's say we get a detection, and 10 kilometers away on your property, here comes some hostile drones. Thing can start up, drive itself over, start to close on those drones, get closer and closer, stop, position the antenna, take out

• 1:23:27Shawn Ryan?

  Wow.

• 1:23:28Speaker 04

  the drones. All in one package. You've got two radar panels on the bumper here. Echodyne radar. High-frequency, very, very much tuned to drone and drone detection. And then on the front, on the top of the roof, you see two more panels. Those are Echodyne radars. You have four panels that give you 360-degree situational awareness, that you're surveying everything. And then you see cameras, all along, for the autonomy. By the rearview mirrors there. On top, you have a Starlink antenna. So you have a Starlink antenna, and then some UHF antennas for communication. Um, so you're getting everything, sort of, this is totally live node, if you will, a node on the battlefield. And then, the antenna itself, of course, is your electromagnetic interference field creator, that's gonna take

• 1:24:13Speaker 04

  and position it wherever it needs to be positioned, and then form a wall, or a shield of energy.

• 1:24:17Shawn Ryan?

  Wow.

• 1:24:18Speaker 04

  So this is a really big request on the Army side. The Army really said to me, "Look, it's great, we like the technology." But it needs to be mobile. It's just the way the Army's going. They want everything to be maneuverable. As they're starting to defend different bases, they're realizing that mobility is like a necessity. And then, two, uh, the Army has said that when the range is limited and they can't get far enough out, they can power project forward. They can move the mobile, uh, system out forward to the front line and then from there get another half a mile or a mile out in order to stop the drones.

• 1:24:53Shawn Ryan?

  Right on. Wow. So four radars, two Starlink dishes.

• 1:25:00Speaker 04

  Some UHF antennas on top.

• 1:25:02Shawn Ryan?

  UHF antennas.

• 1:25:03Speaker 04

  Yep, and then some cameras and automated systems. You can see these 360-degree cameras and servos and all of that. That helps, this is like you see on a Waymo car. They're just made to be militarized for this particular system.

• 1:25:16Shawn Ryan?

  Okay. Wow.

• 1:25:19Speaker 04

  So you can imagine, a guy in the passenger seat will have a laptop where he'll have full situational awareness. He might have lattice running on his laptop, bi-Andral, inside. Have full situational awareness where everything's happening, where other effectors might be. And then when assignment comes into this particular guy, comes in onto the computer, if a guy is inside, might be in a container somewhere, just running everything automatically. But if there is a manual operator, he'd get all of that information inside the cab and then be able to drive the thing wherever he needs to drive to protect whatever he needs to protect.

• 1:25:52Shawn Ryan?

  So if this is fully autonomous, and we need, this thing decides it needs to be all the way over there. It will just drive itself over there and then position the antenna in the, in the way that it needs to be positioned to take out the threat?

• 1:26:05Speaker 04

  Absolutely, yeah.

• 1:26:07Shawn Ryan?

  And then, talk about this, the antenna here.

• 1:26:10Speaker 04

  So the, the antenna itself, you can see, if you measured it right now, it's about 10 foot by 8 foot, where you see that square right on top of where the sticker sits. Behind that antenna are hundreds of individual...

• 1:26:26Speaker 04

  Elements. They, they look like little square silver boxes and there's hundreds of them back behind here and phasing all, they call it phasing all of those up. What you do is each one puts out a little bit of energy, a little bit of energy, a little bit of energy. And you take all of that energy and phase it up into one tremendously strong beam. And then push that beam out into the atmosphere and that's what causes the electromagnetic interference field or the directed energy field that causes all the problems with any sort of electronics. So it's not easy. Think about it. We are creating out of a machine made out of electronics, something that disables any electronics being able to fly or being able to operate

• 1:27:08Speaker 04

  from hundreds of meters, if not kilometers away without kind of self destroying ourselves, right? And, and taking ourselves offline. There's a tremendous amount of innovation when it comes to shielding, when it comes protecting the circuits from getting their own electromagnetic interference energy back on top of it. So that's why it's so state of the art and that's why I think it's so unique is that we're taking in to consideration things that just really have never been done before or even attempted before for that matter.

• 1:27:38Shawn Ryan?

  Is this the, so would the beam be about the size of this rectangle here?

• 1:27:43Speaker 04

  No, the beam would be a smaller than the rectangle because right behind the rectangle are hundreds of those elements. Just we pulled that rectangle off, you'd see hundreds. The beam would come down to be about, let's say 10 degrees or so, five to 10, between five and 10 degrees is where your beam is gonna get shaped.

• 1:28:00Shawn Ryan?

  Wow. So all, so they all just go like this?

• 1:28:04Speaker 04

  Yeah, they

• 1:28:04Shawn Ryan?

  They interconnect and then?

• 1:28:05Speaker 04

  If you think about it, like from wa, in the water, if you had like one wa, wave maker in water making waves, then you had another wave maker making waves, you try to time them up so those waves start to stack on top of each other. So like a hundred times over though. Like if you had a hundred water wave makers that are making a wave in the water, wave in the water, wave in the water, and you time them such that every wave crested at the exact same point. Fell at the exact same point. You could create a huge wave, if you imagine.

• 1:28:36Shawn Ryan?

  Yeah.

• 1:28:36Speaker 04

  Hundreds of those wave makers, you could create a huge wave out of a bunch of little waves. If you just time the sequencing and the pulsing of those waves at the same time. Exactly what we do inside a microwave system, but the waves are moving much quicker. They're of course in microwaves, not in water. And we're but timing those waves so that each one of those peaks and each one of those valleys line up and then form it into a very narrow for the size of the system, narrow beam. That we then move the narrow beam around electronically by again, timing those waves in sequence. So that the system goes to left, goes to the right, goes up, goes down. Then on top of that electronic steering, we have our mechanical steering. Where we can spin the thing, uh, spin the system around.

• 1:29:19Speaker 04

  It goes around about, uh, each second, it'll cover about 30 degrees of rotation. So it moves very quickly. And every time we see a drone, even if we start with an electronic scan and then turn the antenna to follow, so that we get the biggest punch.

• 1:29:33Shawn Ryan?

  Gotcha.

• 1:29:33Speaker 04

  For the system that we can possibly get. Cause when you're face on like this, this is when the antenna is the most powerful. So as this moves around, nobody's detecting it. Nobody's seeing where it's at, doesn't even know that the system can shoot down drones. Drones appear, we shoot them down. Then we move the system away from where it just happened, so it doesn't become a target. Cause you know, well, sooner or later, people will start saying, hey, we can't get any drones through. If they've got one of these Leonidas's sitting out there.

• 1:29:59Shawn Ryan?

  Uh huh.

• 1:30:00Speaker 04

  And if that happens, we're gonna wanna move the system, right? So that it doesn't become a target.

• 1:30:05Shawn Ryan?

  Gotcha. And so these radars that you have up top and these two back here, that's what picks up the thread. And then this, you know, the bad boy right here, the Leonidas, which shoots it down. What is the operator seeing? What it, when?

• 1:30:19Speaker 04

  So the operator sees like a god view of the landscape. So they will have like Google Earth and see your entire landscape here. And then on top of that, layered on top of that are the different drones. And they get kind of all pulled in through the Starlink, all networked in that same network. It can like see all the drones, not only the drones right over your place where our radars might be detecting it. But if there's drones in your neighbor's yard and they have a radar that's on the same network. It'll see the drones even starting from over there. So we get a really big, we try to get the biggest heads up as we possibly can to make sure that we're minimizing the need for like hundreds of these to surround your property. We want to have early detection, early observation, move the system into the optimal place to

• 1:31:02Speaker 04

  defend it, and then defend the, defend the, defend the place as the last line of defense.

• 1:31:07Shawn Ryan?

  Is the distance that the radars can detect the drones, is that the same distance that this is, uh, max effective range of the Leonidas? So when you detect a drone, can you immediately shoot it down? Is basically what I'm asking.

• 1:31:21Speaker 04

  No, the detection range is longer, so you'll, you'll get detection of the drones, hopefully, I mean, sometimes you won't, you know, if a bad actor decided to hide a drone in this weeds over here and it just popped up, we detect it and be able to shoot it in the same distance, but in a, like, let's say in a desert, you might have a lot of landscape that you can see out to, you might detect a drone at 20 kilometers, you might detect a drone at 10, at least 10 kilometers, you'll be able to detect a drone. This one will just position itself and get ready to take the drones down when given the assignment, and then when it comes in around 2 kilometers or something, that's when we start engaging, at about 2 kilometers.

• 1:32:00Shawn Ryan?

  Shit. Damn, this is awesome.

• 1:32:04Speaker 04

  You see, we have these cables, this is where all the DC power is being fed up into the system, so you take AC power, alternate current power, so you get a generator like power in your house, it's at 60 hertz, you take that, you convert it back in the backend to DC, these DC cables bring the DC up into the columns, and then once that DC power's in the columns, all stored up, it sends it into what we call the LRAMs, those boxes, those LRAMs are magical converters that convert that DC power into RF power, microwave power, using, if you remember, I'll quiz you, gallium nitride.

• 1:32:43Speaker 04

  Using gallium nitride in order to do that conversion. So that's the, that's like the magic rocks, if you will, like magic, magic, a magic material that's able to take massive amounts of power and convert that power to massive, high-powered microwave system.

• 1:32:58Shawn Ryan?

  Okay.

• 1:32:59Speaker 04

  Or microwave energy.

• 1:33:00Shawn Ryan?

  Wow. Let's take, I just want to take a peek at the front. I haven't seen the front yet.

• 1:33:05Speaker 04

  On the front?

• 1:33:06Shawn Ryan?

  Damn, that is badass looking. Look at that thing.

• 1:33:10Speaker 04

  Yeah, that, you feel protected just seeing it, you know? Wait till it operates and people are like, what?

• 1:33:18Shawn Ryan?

  Oh, man, I would love to see that.

• 1:33:20Speaker 04

  Yeah.

• 1:33:21Shawn Ryan?

  I would love to see that.

• 1:33:22Speaker 04

  Well, we're getting close to being a lot more liberally able to shoot it. The FAA is very interested in seeing these things deployed. They feel safe with this sort of a system versus some of the kinetics and even the laser systems can give people worry when you're shooting them over like El Paso or whatever. Like they had to shut down that airport a couple of times when they had a, a laser.

• 1:33:42Shawn Ryan?

  Oh, yeah.

• 1:33:42Speaker 04

  System or whatever down there. This system wouldn't need to shut down any airports. It wouldn't have any sort of issues just operating alongside other radars and other. It's, it's kind of like a high-powered radar more than it is any kind of traditional directed energy system.

• 1:33:56Shawn Ryan?

  Man, that is really cool. Really cool. And you're getting ready to crank out how many of these?

• 1:34:03Speaker 04

  We're trying to get, this year, by the end of the year, we're trying to get one a week. So 50 a year, that's, take us into next year and then after that, we need to expand. We're in Southern California and we're looking at Oklahoma's where we can build volume, where we can get over 100 a year. So we're looking at multi-systems per week. In California, we think we can manage about one a week. It's great to see someone so excited about it, as I am.

• 1:34:26Shawn Ryan?

  I guess I've been tracking this thing for like two or three years now. And to have one in the backyard is pretty fucking crazy, so. Have you had one in your backyard yet?

• 1:34:37Speaker 04

  No, no, you have that privilege.

• 1:34:40Shawn Ryan?

  Right on.

• 1:34:41Speaker 04

  Interested in a CEO job?

• 1:34:43Shawn Ryan?

  I am.

• 1:34:44Speaker 04

  Let's swap me out. I'll be the, I'll be your CTO.

• 1:34:47Shawn Ryan?

  Cool, cool.

• 1:34:56Shawn Ryan?

  All right, Andy, we're back from the break.

• 1:34:59Speaker 04

  Right.

• 1:34:59Shawn Ryan?

  What a awesome piece of machinery you've got out there. But I wanted to go over, I got some myths, debunking leonitis HPM myths.

• 1:35:09Speaker 04

  All right.

• 1:35:10Shawn Ryan?

  Which I think we covered some of that, but Havana syndrome. Are you familiar with Havana syndrome?

• 1:35:15Speaker 04

  I've heard of what it is, and I've heard the theories. And but again, I don't know, I don't have any inside information. I'm just a microwave engineer, directed energy guy with some amount of know-how and could perceive something to be at the right frequency and the right energy and all of that to hurt a human. I mean, obviously, microwave ovens, if you stood in a microwave oven, you wouldn't survive, you know, over a few minutes. So there are ways of directing that energy, just like we direct other energies, you know, to probably cause harm to others. Now, good news is, is that I don't need to worry about any of that, even in like a sort of a fratricide way with people. It's very safe, our system. Our system, as I kind of talked about earlier, I'd stand right in front of even the main beam.

• 1:36:00Shawn Ryan?

  Wow.

• 1:36:01Speaker 04

  For a short amount of time. It's totally safe. It's tuned in frequency and in energy. It's tuned for electronics. And humans, but not only humans, birds, plants, trees, any of that in the way of the beam won't be affected at all. You won't get any damage at all.

• 1:36:22Shawn Ryan?

  Gotcha.

• 1:36:23Speaker 04

  For any of those types of living creatures.

• 1:36:24Shawn Ryan?

  Are there any other kind of misunderstandings or myths about leonitis that you want to address? It will take out the tethered drones. We covered that, correct?

• 1:36:35Speaker 04

  Yeah, it takes out tethered drones. I think some people, this is getting a little deep, but I'll kind of talk about it. And then, just for the listeners that maybe understand a little bit more about directed energy, and in particular, high-powered microwave, there's two kind of classes, I'll call them. There's what's called wideband, high-powered microwave directed energy, and narrowband, high-powered microwave. And when they say band, they're talking about the frequency. So how many frequencies does this particular system use or leverage? How many frequencies does this narrowband use and leverage? Traditionally, historically, narrowband systems have been

• 1:37:17Speaker 04

  Working sometimes, sometimes not working. Working on some targets, but not working on all targets. That's been historically the impression that directed energy experts have about narrowband systems. Wideband systems, which we started decades ago, which we started getting at decades ago, leverage something called vacuum tubes or transmit wave tubes, which are these very sort of simple but very effective amplifiers, like gallium nitride, but they amplify in a way that causes you have to operate the system differently than the way we operate our system. You can't use the same sort of techniques and the same sort of ways that we operate our system.

• 1:38:00Speaker 04

  The difference between our narrowband system and previous generations and previous ages that they've tried this is, one, we have a component of being able to move the narrowband frequency to whatever frequency within a certain bandwidth that we want to move it at. So we can choose and pick, we can go through and say, try this frequency, try this frequency, try this frequency, try this frequency. So we're trying to match or map the electromagnetic interference to the drone susceptibilities. So some drones may be susceptible to these frequencies, some may not be, some are susceptible to these frequencies, some others may not be. So we've changed sort of the way that narrowband directed energy is used, and we do it in a smart way.

• 1:38:44Speaker 04

  We talked a little bit about AI. A lot of this system has a lot of software-defined AI and other sort of like control loops, machine learning and stuff like that, that helps with prosecuting these various drones. And that's the big myth that's out there. The second big myth that's out there is narrowband can't achieve the very, very high effective radiated powers. Like, some of the traditional systems would have 2 gigawatts, 3 gigawatts, 4 gigawatts of radiated power. But that's just not true anymore with gallium nitride. Gallium nitride, if built to the right size and shape... can rival the powers of even those traditional systems. The difference and the advantage of using solid state, which is gallium nitride,

• 1:39:29Speaker 04

  the advantage is, is you can also stretch energy, which means time. So power times time equals energy. So what I can do is hold a note, hold a frequency for a long span of time, which traditional directed energy could never do. And I'm leveraging that energy, those huge, long pulses. I'm, I'm, I'm leveraging that energy so that, as you can imagine, a computer has a clock, it's ticking, the clock is ticking. You want to be able to overcome many, many clock cycles as you're trying to get this sort of electromagnetic interference in there. So that's a little deep for the folks that understand directed energy, but it is effective. I mean, the proof is the proof.

• 1:40:13Speaker 04

  I mean, we have tested this with the Army for three years. We have tested it in many, many different conditions. We've deployed it in two different regions of the world. We've tested it with warfighters. We've tested it with real air defenders. This all has been completely sort of put to rest. And folks that have not checked in with EPRIS for the last two and a half years, I don't think realize that. In the early days, there's a lot of information that got out there in the struggles we were having to get started up and get booted up. If you look at what we're delivering today, it's, it's, it's transformative. It's just absolutely a different type of system than what we had even three or four years ago. So, systems that are starting to go into production today do work,

• 1:40:56Speaker 04

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• 1:42:30Shawn Ryan?

  Have you seen, have these deployed overseas?

• 1:42:33Speaker 04

  They have, yes.

• 1:42:34Shawn Ryan?

  Can you talk about where?

• 1:42:36Speaker 04

  I'm allowed, on the public domain, people can see that one was in the Philippines on an exercise that we did, this was several months ago.

• 1:42:44Shawn Ryan?

  Nothing in Ukraine yet?

• 1:42:46Speaker 04

  Nothing in Ukraine yet, no. We haven't been able to get through the, really the legal limitations and stuff like that, because our system, unlike some of the dual-use drones and the commercial drones and things that are able to easily be sold into Ukraine, our systems are a weapon system. They're considered what's called a Category 18 weapon system. Any directed energy system would be called, be categorized as that. And when you have these ITAR systems, they require a little bit more, I guess approvals and paperwork in order to get them through the hoops and ladders. And up until now, we've been limited in our ability to do that. Now... This war in the Middle East has kind of changed the game completely and this administration

• 1:43:28Speaker 04

  is aggressively helping us to knock down any barriers to getting our allies protected with these systems, plus our warfighters protected with these systems and that's ongoing. I can't say too many of the details because it gets into, you know, operational security like back when we were in the Navy and we would never tell anyone where our ships are going to move and when they're going to move. These are sort of weapon systems that are moving right now, moving into theater, moving in to defend certain allies and it's happening. Like right now, like I said earlier, we're trying to build one a week. If I could build one a week starting today, I'd do it.

• 1:44:02Shawn Ryan?

  Wow, wow.

• 1:44:04Speaker 04

  It's that big of a demand.

• 1:44:05Shawn Ryan?

  It's gonna be a big... Can you talk a little bit about drone warfare, whether it's Ukraine, Middle East? I mean, we don't see it here in the US much. I think the closest thing we've seen is all these damn drones that were up, what, a year ago over New Jersey, which I think wound up being an exercise, but everybody was freaking out when that happened and I was, I was shouting your guys' company out. I was like, this has to be us because we already have the capability to take this shit out. But we're not, so it's...

• 1:44:36Speaker 04

  Well, the biggest one that I saw recently and I'm not at all addressing them as a problem, the Air Force is actually moving very, very quickly with us right now, but there was an incident not too long ago where the Barksdale Air Force Base that has a lot of our nukes and a lot of our strategic bombers and got overflown. And what did it... But it got overflown by swarms, 12 drones at each wave and multiple waves. A wave of 12, a wave of 12, a wave of 12, totally impervious to jamming, according to the article, according to the news. Totally impervious to jamming, flew over, surveilled everything and flew back. So.

• 1:45:15Shawn Ryan?

  Where were those from?

• 1:45:16Speaker 04

  We don't know.

• 1:45:17Shawn Ryan?

  Do we know?

• 1:45:18Speaker 04

  We do not know. So when you talk about Barksdale, when you talk about those kind of surveillance missions, oh, boy, are we perfect for it. Because not only would we drop all 12, and the next 12, and the next 12. We don't damage the system beyond being able to infiltrate and use for serenics and figure those questions out. The system, the computer, if you turn it off and on, works again. Like, the drone is broken, because when it hits the ground, the plastics break or whatever. But the computer is still intact.

• 1:45:47Shawn Ryan?

  Oh, wow.

• 1:45:48Speaker 04

  So we can go trace where those things were coming from and say, oh, okay, I got it. Now, we understand where these originated from or those originated from. So I am very, very encouraged this year that 2026 is going to be the year of Epirus. It's going to be the year of Leonidas. I think a lot of these things we're seeing in the news around the corners, they're going to deploy our systems, and we're going to get to the bottom of a lot of the drone activity we're starting to see on the United States side as well.

• 1:46:16Shawn Ryan?

  I can't believe they don't have these things deployed already on bases like that.

• 1:46:21Speaker 04

  Yeah, it's been a struggle. I, it's not all.

• 1:46:24Shawn Ryan?

  What is the struggle? We had 12 drones come and surveil a nuclear site multiple times, and there's a struggle?

• 1:46:33Speaker 04

  Yeah.

• 1:46:34Shawn Ryan?

  Like, what is the struggle?

• 1:46:35Speaker 04

  I'll tell you.

• 1:46:36Shawn Ryan?

  That can't happen again.

• 1:46:38Speaker 04

  The top, the top of the administration have, for the most part, executed to the, the theory or the thesis that we need 80%, 90% of the solutions that are ready today, we need them deployed, we need them forward deployed. But there's still a frozen middle. I'm, I've talked about this. It's like, the top guys say, do it, and if you get in with the frozen middle, or the middle people that actually implement the tactics, there's a lot of sort of hesitation still, right? There's a lot of, well, until someone tells me officially I can do this differently, I'm going to do it the same way. And so there are a lot of wedded people to their old policies, their old processes,

• 1:47:18Speaker 04

  their old sort of way of acquiring systems and testing systems and ringing out every little risk to get like 99.999% of the risks out, and then when they're sure of it, they're ready to go ahead and deploy. Well, that's a peacetime attitude, right? That's a peacetime attitude. I have some skirmishes, nothing killing any soldiers, I don't have any injuries going on, I'm not losing any equipment, I'm not at war. We can take our time to run through the different exercises, which we've been doing from even before this administration. We were working with the previous administration on these tests and trials and all the rest. But now we're at war, you know, I mean, or conflict, you know, whatever you want to call it, but we are in battle. We are combating

• 1:48:01Speaker 04

  with others overseas. It's a different, that's a, that's a different threshold. I think we need to change our attitude. We need to, you know, I, I have a pretty interesting story, just a two-minute story, but it was during nine eleven. We were talking about up on the Hill, how you joined right before nine eleven, uh, when you went into the Navy. I was out at sea during nine eleven. We were off the coast of San Diego, about a hundred miles on the John C. Dennis. We had no planes, no jets. My, uh, I was running the nuclear plants. The two towers get hit. We get the order to go as fast as that aircraft carrier can possibly go to get off the coast of Los Angeles. Meantime, they're scrambling Marines

• 1:48:42Speaker 04

  out of Miramar with Sidewinder missiles on F-18s and flying them out. We had no steam in the catapults. I had to get steam to the catapults. I had to heat everything up really, really quickly. I had to get everything military sort of like precision. The transformation of my sailors, I have never witnessed before or after anything like it. Like when we got hit, every person, every lady, every sailor snapped into a new, like a superhuman, running around, knowing every one of their procedures, knowing exactly how to move. And within a few hours, we're flying basically escorts of every jumbo jet coming in from overseas that hadn't landed yet in LAX. We're escorting every single one of them down. Now, the same

• 1:49:26Speaker 04

  thing happens with the United States in almost every battle that I've ever seen. We are, culturally speaking, underdogs. We are culturally speaking, the team that when gets socked in the head. Goes crazy and just responds and I I saw that with the sailors back there on the Stennis. I saw that when we did the MRAPs when we had the IED problem in 2008. And that was an incredible like almost Oppenheimer thing that people don't know about that. The Army Asalt right now Brent Ingraham led that whole thing like a modern day Oppenheimer. He went from in 2008 where they were spending like 160 million on armored vehicles and such to billions in just a year in one year.

• 1:50:09Speaker 04

  They changed that whole face of that dynamic of the IEDs hurting our soldiers. So we are able to do this. I think now is our moment. We don't want to let off the gas pedal. Even if the the major war and the major bombing all cease and we come back, we want to still treat this like a dangerous situation where we need to field and defend ourselves against this persistent, persistent threat that certainly in at least my vision, I can't see it going away. I can only see it getting worse.

• 1:50:42Shawn Ryan?

  Me neither. I mean, I just, I mean, I'm the utility of this thing is just. I think they're going to be everywhere.

• 1:50:52Speaker 04

  They're so easy.

• 1:50:52Shawn Ryan?

  I think there's the potential for them. I mean, you know, we saw what is it? Operation Spiderweb. The drone, I mean, it's just all over Ukraine. And I mean, I don't know how. We just talked about 12 flying over a nuclear site. I mean, I feel like that potentially every stadium, shopping mall, anywhere there could be a terror threat, to be honest with you. I mean, I don't know how realistic that is. We can't even harden our schools, you know, but.

• 1:51:30Shawn Ryan?

  I think, I mean, there's just every military base, CIA, NSA, White House, Capitol Hill, state capitals.

• 1:51:40Speaker 04

  It's a maneuver. It's a maneuver against what we see as this totally asymmetrical vector. We have an asymmetrical vector. We need to put a piece on the chessboard that lets those guys know it's not free for all time anymore. We're gonna knock down your drones, we're gonna infiltrate those drones, and we're coming to find you. You know, it's one thing to stop the bees from stinging, but there's another to find the queen bee where the nest is and stop them. And when we start doing that, it may not need the total ubiquity of every single station, everything, because we'll start getting to the source of the issues. But we need our system. We need other systems like ours. We need direction

• 1:52:21Speaker 04

  finding systems. We need other surveillance systems. But that whole network of layers, our system provides a key, key component that's gonna level the playing field. Or not only level the playing field, I would say upend the playing field, put them on the, oh, boy, how are we gonna fly these drones and then do this? Or how are we gonna take that or take that when they see these systems standing up around a stadium, for example?

• 1:52:44Shawn Ryan?

  I mean, are there any disadvantages to this system versus a kinetic one or a laser one?

• 1:52:55Speaker 04

  Well, I would say kinetics go further, like a coyote, for example, by Raytheon or whatever, they have a longer range, they have a much longer range. That's an advantage of kinetics over our system. When you're talking about similar ranges, kinetics are known quantities. This is kind of like invisible rays, and, you know, the army is traditionally bullets orientated and, you know, moving in that direction. Air Force and Navy are a little bit more comfortable with new electronic warfare type modalities and stuff. But Army is pretty comfortable, too. I mean, don't get me wrong, they're absolutely fascinated and wanna invest and, you know, wanna move forward with us. But it does have

• 1:53:39Speaker 04

  I think that's one of its, actually, to answer your question more straightforward, that's its big disadvantage, is that it's a zero to one. It's like when Peter Thiel wrote that book, Zero to One. It's a zero to one system. It's a technology people don't understand. That's why I appreciate being on the show to try to explain it. And people are afraid of what they don't understand. Either afraid it won't work, afraid it's gonna hurt people. And we've dispelled a lot of that. If you look at the facts and data and all the stuff we've done over the last couple of years, we've dispelled almost all of those worries and all of those risks. And now it's a chance to just get some wartime kills. Get it out there, get it in battle, and put it to the test. And if I'm wrong,

• 1:54:21Speaker 04

  I'm wrong. But you're not gonna waste that much more money by everything you've done already so far, by getting it out there, getting it in the battlefield. And I don't think that's a, hey, let's go challenge and do that. It's like, happening. I mean, this war is driving us to that.

• 1:54:38Shawn Ryan?

  Well, it is very impressive what you guys have put together out there. Very impressive. Is there anything, is there anything I haven't asked you that I should be asking you when it comes to Leonidas or Eperus?

• 1:54:57Speaker 04

  I don't know. We've covered a lot, even, oh, one other thing that it advantages. So we've talked about the collateral damage and it being a very safe system, so you can use it in homeland, whereas kinetics, you can't use in homeland in all situations without being, putting a lot of danger to, you know, houses and residential types of neighborhoods. So kinetics don't make for a good solution for the homeland. They make a good solution overseas in some cases, but the, but the problem isn't just cost. We talked a lot about cost. But it's also magazine depth.

• 1:55:30Speaker 04

  And, and we only have a certain amount of missiles and a certain amount of production capacity to build new missiles. And it's very difficult. It's not like drones where you can just like, I think I read in something there that China can make 30 million drones a year.

• 1:55:43Shawn Ryan?

  Wow.

• 1:55:44Speaker 04

  There's nothing we can make 30 million of in the mil- in a military lane, you know? So, we have a real magazine depth disadvantage as well by continuing to try to pursue drones with some of the tried and true kind of, you know, lion type weapons and defensive weapons and stuff like that. But those are not easily, easily reproducible and producible. And they have a long, long tail when you say, "Hey, I need another 10,000 of these coyotes, Raytheon." It takes a while to spin up and get that capacity and get that out to the field. So, not just cost asymmetry, but magazine depth asymmetry as well.

• 1:56:21Shawn Ryan?

  30 million drones a year?

• 1:56:23Speaker 04

  I heard, I mean, I wouldn't be surprised. I mean, when you have a kind of a authoritarian communist party that can go in and telefactory, "Hey, you're not building laptops, you're building drones," and do that to several places in Chongqing and Shandong.

• 1:56:39Shawn Ryan?

  Man, I just have never heard that stat before. That's alarming.

• 1:56:43Speaker 04

  It is alarming. And they're right north of, they're right north of Iran, right? I mean, they could be helping outfit those guys. I mean, read about in the news as well, Russia, you know, giving them targeting information and such. And so, it's an asymmetrical fight and we are less equipped than others to start engaging. But it's our moment. I don't say that with negativity in my mind. I think of it just like the 9/11 moment. It's our moment to like, be the underdog, to turn the whole thing over on its head and get at these bad actors.

• 1:57:17Shawn Ryan?

  I love it. I love it. I love what you guys are building. And man, it makes me, I mean...

• 1:57:24Speaker 04

  When we start hitting some real wartime shootdowns, I'll have to come back on your show and we can talk about how well they're working once they get deployed.

• 1:57:34Shawn Ryan?

  I'd love to do that. I'm sure we're not far off, so.

• 1:57:38Speaker 04

  Absolutely.

• 1:57:39Shawn Ryan?

  Perfect. Well, Andy, thank you so much for being here.

• 1:57:42Speaker 04

  Thank you.

• 1:57:54Shawn Ryan?

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