#310 - The Recent Asteroid Impact NOBODY is Talking About | Chris Cottrell

Watch every episode ad-free & uncensored on Patreon: https://patreon.com/dannyjones Chris Cottrell is a geoscience researcher and creator of the Dabbler's Den YouTube channel. Chris has spent over two decades exploring the geological mysteries of these elliptical depressions along the U. S. Atlantic Coastal Plain. SPONSORS https://stopboxusa.com/danny - Get firearm security redesigned & save 10% with code DANNY. https://whiterabbitenergy.com/?ref=DJP - Use code DJP for 20% off EPISODE LINKS https://x.com/dabblersden Chris' YouTube channel: @DabblersDen FOLLOW DANNY JONES https://www.instagram.com/dannyjones https://twitter.com/jonesdanny OUTLINE 00:00 - Malcolm Bendall's thunderstorm generator 03:37 - Carolina Bay craters 16:27 - LIDAR topography 23:10 - Evidence for cosmic impacts across America 32:23 - Younger dryas impact hypothesis 36:59 - 2012 Chelyabinsk meteor airburst 45:41 - When were the Carolina bays formed? 52:21 - Pleistocene transition tektites 57:41 - Hal Povenmire & tektites 01:02:37 - Underwater craters 01:20:20 - Academic response to Carolina Bays 01:36:06 - Using AI to analyze the past Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:00Speaker 00

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• 1:04Danny Jones?

  What's up, Chris?

• 1:06Speaker 03

  Danny, good to see you.

• 1:07Danny Jones?

  Good to see you too, man.

• 1:08Speaker 03

  Yep, yep. The last time we saw each other, we were at the Cosmic Summit.

• 1:12Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:12Speaker 03

  You guys had just rolled in and I presented like first thing in the morning and I think, I don't know what time you guys came out, but it was probably like nine, 10 o'clock, something like that.

• 1:23Danny Jones?

  Something like that.

• 1:24Speaker 03

  And so I caught you guys in the hallway and I had my like my elevator pitch ready to go, like I gotta go talk with Danny, man. We gotta get this taken care of. And right when, I was actually talking with Steve and, and, and right when I started like, you know, getting into it, George Howard shows up with Malcolm Bendall.

• 1:40Danny Jones?

  Oh, yeah.

• 1:41Speaker 03

  With his, with his thunderstorm generators and yeah, that kind of stole the show, so.

• 1:46Danny Jones?

  Oh my God, what a crazy freaking situation that is. That whole thunderstorm generator and all that stuff they got going on.

• 1:53Speaker 03

  Yeah, I was actually with you guys when we went to go see those thunderstorm generators. He was there telling us all about it.

• 1:59Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 2:00Speaker 03

  I got a couple of pictures of them, of you guys checking those things out. What were your thoughts?

• 2:04Danny Jones?

  Wild shit, man. I don't know. I don't know what to think of it. I know it's crazy.

• 2:08Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 2:09Danny Jones?

  It's hard to comprehend what's going on there.

• 2:10Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah, yeah. That's kind of where I was at with it too.

• 2:13Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 2:14Speaker 03

  I was really hoping to, to get there and like just have the full picture and kind of understand the whole thing.

• 2:18Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 2:19Speaker 03

  You know, I'm a, I'm a science educator and so. My job is to take like complex scientific ideas and and break them down so that you know seventeen and eighteen year old kids can understand it. And I'm just having a hard time with that one.

• 2:33Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 2:33Speaker 03

  So um, I I kinda get like the premise. I kinda understand like what what's happening with and why they call it like the thunderstorm generator. Uh, where it's bringing in hot air from one side and cold air from the other side and um. And it was actually Bob Granier that kinda kinda helped me understand it a little bit better. Um, with the with the ball lightning that's taking place inside of it and that's that's what's happening. Um, but uh. Yeah, I don't know. I I didn't get the yeah, kinda. Do you remember going to the mall? When you were little and seeing and seeing like the rainbow salesman, the vacuum cleaner guys?

• 3:07Danny Jones?

  Oh, yeah, of course. They're still there.

• 3:08Speaker 03

  Yeah, I kinda felt like. We're trying to get, you know.

• 3:15Speaker 03

  So, so.

• 3:16Danny Jones?

  Yes.

• 3:16Speaker 03

  Yeah, it was it was neat. Like I said, I just I just I was really hoping to leave there with like a much better picture of what was happening with that thing and and I didn't see it.

• 3:23Danny Jones?

  Yeah, yeah, it's definitely a really. It's a lot going on there and there's a lot to understand and um. Yeah, we'll see. We'll see what happens. Yeah, see if I figure something out. But so so you teach? Where where do you teach? And what do you teach?

• 3:38Speaker 03

  Well, so I teach in coastal Georgia, um, and I teach. Up for like twenty-three, twenty-four years, I've been teaching environmental science and earth systems.

• 3:46Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 3:47Speaker 03

  And so. You know what we're gonna talk about today is like right down my alley. Uh, you know, it's something that I've been focusing on for a really long time. Um, and like I said, my job as an educator is to take those complex ideas. And and break them down for high school kids to understand. And even like like with the thunderstorm generator, you know, same thing with the Carolina Bays. Like, once we get into it, it's like. That's not adding up. Like, they're not following those. Those scientific processes to come up with. The uh, you know, a correct explanation for how they're formed. And uh, so that kinda started this whole thing off with me with the Carolina Bays, but. You know, that's what I'd. You know, I teach, like I said, I teach kids and uh, you know, the whole thing is about the um, you know, the scientific process and.

• 4:31Speaker 03

  Uh, you know, that's kind of where I've been focusing on it with the Carolina Bays.

• 4:35Danny Jones?

  So what are the Carolina Bays?

• 4:37Speaker 03

  So they're elliptical depressions uh that we find all over the eastern coastal plain.

• 4:42Danny Jones?

  Mm hmm.

• 4:43Speaker 03

  Uh, from, from south, um, you know, from just under New York, all the way down through the Carolinas, through Georgia. There are a few in Alabama and then it kind of, you kind of don't see very many of them until you get to around Nebraska. Uh, and then they pick back up in Nebraska. And so you have these, these elliptical shaped depressions in, in, in Nebraska. So they're all very similar, similarly shaped. Uh, they all have this elliptical uh orientation to them. The orientation itself is actually pointing uh towards the Great Lakes of Michigan, uh, which is kind of a telling sign of what they could be.

• 5:20Danny Jones?

  Um, they're, they're elliptical.

• 5:23Speaker 03

  Mm hmm.

• 5:23Danny Jones?

  And they're pointing towards the Great Lakes of Michigan.

• 5:26Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah.

• 5:27Danny Jones?

  What do you mean pointing like?

• 5:28Speaker 03

  Like they are oriented towards, they all have that, that, that.

• 5:32Danny Jones?

  Okay, so they're like they're egg shaped kinda.

• 5:34Speaker 03

  Yeah, well, they're, they are perfect ellix, uh, ellipses. Most of them are, you can actually mathematically um outline them. And they, they are perfect ellipses, uh, and the orientation itself.

• 5:46Danny Jones?

  Have they actually been like measured?

• 5:48Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah, there's, there's a guy, we'll talk about, um, Michael Davis. He's been, he's measured over 70,000 of these things.

• 5:54Danny Jones?

  Wow.

• 5:54Speaker 03

  Yeah, and, and measured them, you know, labeled them. He actually has a, a survey, the, uh, it used to be called the Carolina Bay Survey, but now it's the Ovoid Basins Survey, um, because he started included some depressions that we find in Texas and things like that. They're not all Carolina Bays. Plus, we got the ones in Nebraska too. So, you know, I, we really need to get away from calling them Carolina Bays when they're, you know, found all over the place.

• 6:18Danny Jones?

  Right, so, right. So what is the conventional explanation for what these are?

• 6:22Speaker 03

  Well, uh, so the conventional explanation is that they are, well, well, first of all.

• 6:29Speaker 03

  There have been quite a few hypotheses on what they could have been.

• 6:33Danny Jones?

  Hmm.

• 6:33Speaker 03

  Uh, back in the 1930s and I've got a, I've got an image here, but back in the 1930s, um, when we finally had people flying in airplanes and being able to look down onto the ground overall, uh, they first discovered them, uh, in places like, um, like Myrtle Beach. Uh, they started finding them in like the Cape Fear River Valley. Uh, and they, and they would start to take surveys. They would start to, to take a bunch of pictures. And back then that's all they had was like aerial photographs and then they would, they paste them all together.

• 7:02Danny Jones?

  Hmm.

• 7:02Speaker 03

  Um, and even back then, this was back in the 1930s, uh, and, and they originally thought that these were created by meteors. They thought that this was a-

• 7:11Danny Jones?

  That's pretty wild.

• 7:11Speaker 03

  Yeah, that they were a cosmic event. Um, George Howard has a story about his, uh, his boss when he was working in, uh, working on, I think it was in the senate. Um, and, uh, his, his, his boss, the senator had property that had a whole bunch of these Carolina bays on it.

• 7:27Danny Jones?

  Hmm.

• 7:28Speaker 03

  Uh, and he told them the whole story about how, yeah, back in the 30s and 40s, man, they thought that these things were meteor holes and, uh, they'd all go out and start expect, you know, looking for meteors, but nobody ever found any.

• 7:37Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 7:37Speaker 03

  And so that kind of, um, kind of, you know, pushed the thinking towards more of a uniformitarianism process like, well, if they're not meteors and they, they must be, you know, something more terrestrial. It must be something, you know, cause that's what uniformitarianism is, is that, you know,

• 7:55Speaker 03

  the, the terrain changes one gust of wind and one grain of, uh, sand at a time. Uh, and so the whole thought process shifted away from, uh, a catastrophic event, uh, to it being more of a, uh, terrestrial or uniformitarianism, uh, process to create these things. And that's kind of where they're at with the now, even, even today, you know, a hundred, oh, nearly a hundred years later, uh, they, they still here, these are some of the, uh, hypotheses that they had come along with, you know, from the 1930s to now. Um, and there's, there's a list of them here, like spring basins, um, you know, at one time-

• 8:32Danny Jones?

  Is that on the very top right? Is that one of the Carolina bays?

• 8:35Speaker 03

  No, no, it's not. That's, um-

• 8:37Danny Jones?

  What is that?

• 8:38Speaker 03

  I think that's a crater. I think that's actually a crater-

• 8:40Danny Jones?

  That's an actual crater.

• 8:41Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 8:43Speaker 03

  There are some people that think that they were beaver dams. And again, we're still going back and forth this whole time from the 1930s until really the 1970s. It was back and forth, back and forth with terrestrial versus catastrophic explanation for how they formed.

• 8:59Danny Jones?

  Extraterrestrial bays.

• 9:01Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah. So, so, you know, they even, some people even thought that they were beaver ponds that were like super flashed from a bowl light event that took place and like flash steamed the, the ground. Causing these, some people thought that they were giant fish or whales or something, you know, swimming around in circles and, you know, making nests and in the terrain of, of South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia. And, uh, yeah.

• 9:29Danny Jones?

  Are there no, there's no, nothing that looks like this anywhere else in the world?

• 9:34Speaker 03

  Uh, yeah, there, I mean, there are, there are oriented lakes found all around the world. And this happens a lot where a lot of times you oriented lakes get brought into the conversation to dismiss these Carolina bays being so symmetrical. And, uh, you know, I, I just, the presentation that I gave this past summer was called pseudo Carolina bays, because when you start looking at the Carolina bays themselves, they're so numerous, there's so many of them that, uh, uh, you know, they're the dominant feature, like they are the dominant feature on the east coast. Uh, I would say maybe even second to, to like the rivers that flow along the coast. Um, and so I, you know, I've got a bunch of examples.

• 10:13Danny Jones?

  Can we see the ones that are used to just to discredit the Carolina bays? The ones that they say that, uh,

• 10:21Danny Jones?

  and how, how do they use those other ones that are, and where are they also?

• 10:26Speaker 03

  So, most of the time, so there, there's a couple of different kinds. Uh, like I said, the presentation I gave this summer, I kind of went through all of them. Uh, went through a whole bunch. And so, so here's a list that I that I put together of of the different Carolina or the different oriented lakes that oftentimes get used as explanations for the Carolina Bays. I'll go back later and talk more about like what the current is, current hypothesis is. But

• 10:52Danny Jones?

  They're not, none of them are ellipses, none of them have raised rims.

• 10:56Speaker 03

  Yeah, so we have a bunch of different types, like this is a big one, the thermocarcass lake hypothesis is that um, and we do find these, we you could see the images right here, we do find them up in the Arctic Circle.

• 11:07Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 11:08Speaker 03

  In Alaska, you find them over in Russia, you also find them down in South America, like like very South America. But they all occur in places where you have permafrost. And so permafrost is permanently frozen soil, so and that means it is frozen like all year long, the only the very top layers thaw out during summertime, the water pools in those areas, and then the wind blows them and they they start to form these circular shapes. But I don't, I wouldn't call any of those really elliptical. Now, we, this is an area in Alaska.

• 11:36Danny Jones?

  That's wild.

• 11:37Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah, this is an area in Alaska. And I could see if if you were just, you know, scanning through these images, you're like, oh, yeah, yeah, that's that's what formed the Carolina Bays. But the areas where we find these Carolina Bays are nothing like this. And even during the middle of the Ice Age, even during the middle peak part of the last Ice Age, there was no, there wasn't permafrost like this. And so, and that's, that's the timeframe that they were saying that these were formed, that Carolina Bays were formed. That really helps when you look at it with the LiDAR. And it's something that I want to kind of focus on today is just the use of this LiDAR and how much it is, should be progressing the research on Carolina Bays. So this right here is a, is an image of the thermocarcass lakes in Alaska using LiDAR.

• 12:20Speaker 03

  And we don't see the same, the same features that we see with the Carolina Bays. Like, we don't see the raised rims that you would see with all those Carolina Bays. We don't see that perfect elliptical shape. And the orientations are all kind of off, and they kind of bleed in together, too. So when you compare that to places like this, and this is in South Carolina, it's close to McIntyre Air Force Base. And again, this is just using Google Earth, which, you know, 20 years ago, we didn't really have. And so within the past 20 years, we've had Google Earth. And now, within the past like 10, 10 to 12 years, we can add the LiDAR to the terrain itself.

• 12:57Danny Jones?

  Oh, wow.

• 12:58Speaker 03

  And now we see how many of these elliptical depressions completely cover the surface.

• 13:03Danny Jones?

  They're everywhere. They're so random, too.

• 13:05Speaker 03

  They're everywhere. So these are Carolina Bays.

• 13:09Danny Jones?

  And they're not all the same shape. They're all different and little.

• 13:12Speaker 03

  Well, so this is kind of a, it's, it's, it's almost, the, the, the terrain is, the terrain is steep right here. So, so the, the Carolina Bay is formed a little bit differently here. Uh, just because of how they, we think that this, these were catastrophic, um,

• 13:32Speaker 03

  ice ejecta, and we can get into that in a few minutes. But, um, but the terrain here, having that steepness to it, uh, causes it to, to deform as, as it's being formed. Another example that they often get confused with is, uh, the Playa Lakes or the, or the, um, that we find these in Texas.

• 13:51Danny Jones?

  Mm-hmm.

• 13:52Speaker 03

  Uh, you also find them in places like Australia. Uh, you always find them.

• 13:56Danny Jones?

  Interesting.

• 13:57Speaker 03

  Yeah, you always find them in river basins. Uh, or areas where you had sheet flooding, where, where a tremendous amount of water flood flooded over the terrain like you find in Texas. Um, here's an area in Texas that's kind of close to, this is the city of Amarillo.

• 14:14Danny Jones?

  Hmm.

• 14:15Speaker 03

  Um, and when you look at the LiDAR of that area. Right. Now, again, these are Playa Lakes. These are oriented lakes that were created from water, uh, as water flowed over this, this plain at the time. Right? So these probably formed before all of this.

• 14:30Danny Jones?

  This was all underwater?

• 14:32Speaker 03

  Um, a long time ago, a long, long time ago.

• 14:33Danny Jones?

  How long ago?

• 14:34Speaker 03

  I, I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I, I don't know about Amarillo, how far up that was.

• 14:38Danny Jones?

  Wow.

• 14:39Speaker 03

  But this is formed, and basically what happens is, well, I can go back to how they were formed here. Where you have, it's usually very arid areas and you have lower water tables. And so when it, when it rains, the water pools up in areas and then it dries. And so you get these cracks. And so the next time it rains, the water quickly goes into the cracks, fills it back up. Uh, and then, you know, so, so you do end up with these like circular depressions. Um, that, that we see.

• 15:07Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 15:07Speaker 03

  You know, here.

• 15:08Danny Jones?

  Makes sense.

• 15:08Speaker 03

  Uh, but you also see that all of them have like a low point where there's, some of them still have water in them.

• 15:13Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 15:13Speaker 03

  Uh, but yeah, those aren't Carolina bays.

• 15:15Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 15:16Speaker 03

  They're, they're, um, they're play, playa lakes.

• 15:19Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 15:20Speaker 03

  Uh, here's another area in South Carolina. Again, these are gonna be Carolina bays. This is close to Shaw Air Force Base. I should probably stop focusing on like areas around Air Force bases, but.

• 15:29Danny Jones?

  Is there any, is there, what, what is the, to you, what is the biggest smoking gun that these are meteor impacts? I've always had a problem with keeping a firearm in reach and safe around the kids. A closet or a traditional safe is too far away. And I remember when I was a kid finding my parents firearms and I don't want that happening to my kids. And this is what StopBox USA has set out to solve. They sent me this StopBox Pro and I'm not looking back. The customizable five button pattern is mechanical and easy to open. And what a relief it doesn't have to operate on a battery. It's flat enough to fit under your pillow for fast access. And the best part is safe around the kids. I love how well-built it is, strong enough for travel and small enough to fit into any of my travel bags.

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• 17:05Speaker 03

  I don't think they are meteor impacts.

• 17:07Danny Jones?

  What do you think they are?

• 17:08Speaker 03

  I don't think they are. So, so what I think they are, and again, I can go all the way back to that original slide with the catastrophic versus the the uniformitarianism explanation. I do think that they formed very quickly catastrophically.

• 17:25Speaker 03

  But now, like I said, we have better, we have the the better technology now with the with the Google Earth. We have the LiDAR, all these things added together.

• 17:34Danny Jones?

  Yeah. Look at this Pinellas County.

• 17:37Speaker 03

  Yeah, well, I I went ahead and made that for you. This is, yeah, this is the area, this is here, right? This is.

• 17:43Danny Jones?

  What the was that? Oh, bless you. I was like, what was?

• 17:47Speaker 03

  This is, uh, this is the area around St. Pete.

• 17:50Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 17:50Speaker 03

  And, um, and again, this is just showing the importance of the LiDAR. I mean, there are so many people here, dude.

• 17:56Danny Jones?

  Dude.

• 17:56Speaker 03

  There are so many people in this area.

• 17:58Danny Jones?

  Most populated counties ever.

• 17:59Speaker 03

  I swear, dude, they're everywhere.

• 18:01Danny Jones?

  It's like three million people here.

• 18:02Speaker 03

  I can't believe it.

• 18:03Danny Jones?

  After the pandemic is filled up.

• 18:05Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 18:05Danny Jones?

  But now, after we had just got hit two by her two hurricanes, people are starting to leave again.

• 18:09Speaker 03

  No, they're there. They're there. I took a drive down to the beach, man. They're everywhere.

• 18:13Danny Jones?

  It's not nearly as bad as it was two years ago. I promise you that.

• 18:16Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah. So anyways, again, this whole area, this whole area is completely urbanized, right? You've got houses, you've got highways and roads and and you can't see anything that used to be there 200 years ago. This is not there anymore. But when you click on, when you use the LiDAR, even in areas like this that are super populated, it really highlights like the ground.

• 18:38Danny Jones?

  Whoa.

• 18:39Speaker 03

  It highlights what the ground actually looks like and.

• 18:42Danny Jones?

  Holy crap.

• 18:43Speaker 03

  Yeah, now, this is all done by Michael Davis. He, um, he, well, we'll talk about him later on because it's kind of a a big deal with some of these hypotheses that.

• 18:53Danny Jones?

  Look how low that peninsula is. Look at Tampa Bay. That's where that's where Patrick's or not Patrick, um, McDill Air Force Base is right there.

• 19:00Speaker 03

  Mm hmm. Got a nice golf course over there.

• 19:02Danny Jones?

  Yeah. That ship would be all underwater.

• 19:06Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah. And it and it does go underwater when you have like hurricanes.

• 19:08Danny Jones?

  Oh, yeah. No, it was underwater a couple of months ago.

• 19:10Speaker 03

  Right, right. And you can actually use maps like this to see like, well, where are the safest places to be if a hurricane's coming?

• 19:15Danny Jones?

  That's wild. Can you punch in on that a little bit?

• 19:18Speaker 03

  I can't with this. No, because it's an image.

• 19:20Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 19:21Speaker 03

  I could if if you wanted to. I mean, the access to this LiDAR.

• 19:24Danny Jones?

  Look at that, that fricking cut going all the way through.

• 19:28Speaker 03

  Okay, so.

• 19:29Danny Jones?

  The peninsula.

• 19:29Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah. So that cut was formed the last time sea levels were a lot higher, which was 125,000 years ago. It's called the Emian. Um, so a hundred twenty-five thousand years ago, sea levels were actually higher than they are today by about nine meters, I think, about thirty feet.

• 19:44Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 19:44Speaker 03

  Uh, and that's thirty feet doesn't seem like a big deal, but when you start looking at how flat these these areas are, that's a huge deal.

• 19:51Danny Jones?

  Thirty feet, my house is thirty feet above sea level, so it'd be right at my.

• 19:54Speaker 03

  Right at your door, yeah. So, and, and, you know, I don't, we're not gonna dox you here, but.

• 19:59Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 19:59Speaker 03

  You're probably somewhere on one of these areas. Yeah, you're probably somewhere on one of those higher up areas. And so the what Michael Davis has done.

• 20:06Danny Jones?

  You see that our studio is right at that, like, right on the, like, you see the outer barrier island there.

• 20:12Speaker 03

  It's like right.

• 20:13Danny Jones?

  Very far left, all the way to the very edge by the Gulf.

• 20:16Speaker 03

  Okay.

• 20:16Danny Jones?

  So the barrier island is there and then immediately across the bay, you have, you have red. So that's where we are right now. Yep.

• 20:23Speaker 03

  Yeah. So, yeah, yeah. And I, and I went down to, um, Indian Rocks Beach earlier. And so, so I was at the beach today, you know, and went up in elevation to get to the studio.

• 20:32Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 20:32Speaker 03

  Uh, and you can see that with this, uh, what Michael Davis has done is he's taken USGS LiDAR. And he has, um, color coded it by meters. Have you ever used a topographic map before?

• 20:44Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 20:45Speaker 03

  Yeah. So topographic maps are, they have lines and you have to know how to read the lines and each line is a certain distance above or below the elevation.

• 20:52Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 20:52Speaker 03

  And what he did is he actually made this, this color code where each color is one meter higher. And so you go, you start off with blue and you go one meter, one meter, one meter, all the way up to ten meters and then it starts over. So as you're going from blue up to this next blue, that's, that's ten meters, right? So all the way around. So this blue right here is ten meters above sea level. If you keep going up, you would end up at thirty meters above sea level, or yeah, thirty meters above sea level.

• 21:17Danny Jones?

  Oh, okay.

• 21:18Speaker 03

  So, so it's really interesting because it shows you like not just where the elevated areas are, but if you know how to read it, you can actually measure how, how high they are based on the color codes. Uh, which is super helpful.

• 21:29Danny Jones?

  So purple could either be below sea level or nine meters above sea level.

• 21:34Speaker 03

  Well, the, the blue is always gonna be the sea level. So the very bottom blue is like zero, that's, that's.

• 21:39Danny Jones?

  But it's like purple at the very, very bottom.

• 21:41Speaker 03

  Where are you looking at?

• 21:41Danny Jones?

  At the bottom of your little.

• 21:42Speaker 03

  Oh, oh, oh, yeah. Well, that's because it, it starts back over here. Yeah, yeah. So. We start there. This is actually zero right here.

• 21:49Danny Jones?

  Got it.

• 21:49Speaker 03

  And it starts back over here. So if you just focus on red, for instance. That red is right there. We see another red right there. So that's, that's another 10 meters above where the first red was.

• 21:58Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 21:58Speaker 03

  And in these really flat areas, that's really helpful, right? If you go to the mountains with this LiDAR, it's really confusing. It's just color, you know, color all the way up.

• 22:06Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 22:06Speaker 03

  Uh, but a lot of these areas where we find Carolina bays are super flat, super flat. And so, so having a, a, a LiDAR like this that you can, and I access with this, this with Google Earth. You can go right on to Google Earth. Um, it's, you can actually, it's free. All of, and all of your listeners can, can log on to centos.org. And, uh, download this program and use it with your, your own Google Earth. It's, it's really neat. So.

• 22:30Danny Jones?

  That's so crazy, man.

• 22:32Speaker 03

  Yeah. Yep.

• 22:34Danny Jones?

  That's interesting. That big cut that like it's going right through.

• 22:37Speaker 03

  Yeah, again, so.

• 22:38Danny Jones?

  River just going right.

• 22:39Speaker 03

  Well, because it was a big river. It was, you know, last time sea levels were higher, water flowed through here.

• 22:43Danny Jones?

  Mm hmm.

• 22:44Speaker 03

  And, uh, now the whole area's been lifted up. I'd have no clue what's here now. If I can go back. Um, they, they look.

• 22:50Danny Jones?

  Oh, look at that.

• 22:51Speaker 03

  Yeah. Is there a channel there or maybe a ditch or something? I don't know.

• 22:54Danny Jones?

  Yeah, no, it looks like they're, um, there, I think there is a little river that might flow all the way through there.

• 23:01Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 23:02Danny Jones?

  That's wild.

• 23:03Speaker 03

  Probably a drainage ditch or something now.

• 23:04Danny Jones?

  Yeah, it's probably drainage. Right. Exactly.

• 23:06Speaker 03

  But that's only because it's so low that it was draining through that anyway.

• 23:09Danny Jones?

  Right, right.

• 23:11Speaker 03

  So.

• 23:11Danny Jones?

  And that big circular area is interesting too.

• 23:13Speaker 03

  Right. So this was a barrier island. You, you said that a minute ago. That was a barrier island 125,000 years ago when sea levels were higher.

• 23:22Danny Jones?

  God damn, that's interesting.

• 23:23Speaker 03

  It is cool.

• 23:24Danny Jones?

  I would love to just explore the entire United States on the LiDAR.

• 23:27Speaker 03

  You can. Like I said, centos.org. He has the entire continental US color coded a map just like this.

• 23:33Danny Jones?

  What is it? Centos?

• 23:34Speaker 03

  Centos, uh, C I N T O S. Here, I think I got it.

• 23:39Speaker 03

  Yeah, I've got it on this slide right here. This is Michael Davis right here. He's the guy.

• 23:43Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 23:43Speaker 03

  He um, is a computer scientist, uh, and, and he's actually turned his processing skills towards geology and mapping these, these Carolina bays using this ladder. So you see all those red dots?

• 23:55Danny Jones?

  Mm-hmm.

• 23:56Speaker 03

  He's actually gone in, measured, um, uh, oriented and, and mapped every single one of these Carolina bays.

• 24:04Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 24:04Speaker 03

  That we find on the terrain. Yeah, it's, it's, it's really impressive. I-

• 24:07Danny Jones?

  So what did he find? What, what's, uh, so you said, oh, going back, you said you don't think they're-

• 24:12Speaker 03

  I don't think-

• 24:13Danny Jones?

  You don't think they're comet impacts?

• 24:14Speaker 03

  I do not think, I think that they're the result of a single comet impact.

• 24:18Danny Jones?

  You mean it's ice?

• 24:19Speaker 03

  Not, not comet impact. I would say actually, uh, an asteroid impact, but, um-

• 24:23Danny Jones?

  You think it's just ice fragments?

• 24:25Speaker 03

  Yes, but-

• 24:26Danny Jones?

  Or like blasted?

• 24:26Speaker 03

  Secondary ice fragments from Michigan. All of these have orientation back to the Great Lakes, back to Michigan.

• 24:32Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 24:32Speaker 03

  And-

• 24:33Danny Jones?

  So a comet hit, or asteroid hit the Great Lakes ice cap?

• 24:36Speaker 03

  Mm-hmm.

• 24:37Danny Jones?

  And then ejected just tons of fragments of ice?

• 24:40Speaker 03

  That's, that's what I, or, or something like that happened, yeah. Uh, and then, I'll, I'll get to that, um, just while I'm on it. I don't know if we're still showing that, but, uh, yeah, so this is the terrain that we see now. That, the lidar really helps when you get up to these really flat areas in the middle part of, uh, middle part of Georgia. And like I said, I do think that there's, these are the result of some kind of cosmic impact into an ice sheet at some point in the past. That's the debatable part to me is, is like, when did it happen? We could talk, we'll talk about that, I'm sure.

• 25:10Danny Jones?

  Mm-hmm.

• 25:11Speaker 03

  Um, but yeah, you know, this, this page right here is just, uh, you know, shows kind of the whole story written in the landscape where you've got the Carolina bays, uh, all on the east coast. The entire coastal plain is covered with them. Uh, you go across to, to Nebraska, like this image right here shows you, all these are the Carolina bays. All the way on the other side, Nebraska, you've got these elliptical shaped depressions that are oriented in the opposite direction of the Carolina bays, but they're all oriented to the same place on, on a map.

• 25:39Danny Jones?

  How so?

• 25:40Speaker 03

  Like these right here.

• 25:41Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 25:41Speaker 03

  If we line them up, they line up right above Michigan, right above Michigan.

• 25:46Danny Jones?

  Oh, you, okay, so you're saying the shape of the ellipse is oriented towards the same direction? Interesting.

• 25:52Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 25:53Danny Jones?

  Oh, wow. Go back to that last one?

• 25:56Speaker 03

  Now, again, a lot of this. Yeah, the Laurentide Ice Sheet is the name of the ice sheet that was over Canada. Basically, whenever we're in an ice age and we go through ice ages over and over and over again.

• 26:08Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 26:08Speaker 03

  Uh, and, and every time that we go into an ice age, ice piles up on top of Canada. And the sea levels dropped tremendously. They dropped really, really low. The last time they dropped, it was like 400 feet lower than it is today. So go down to the beach. Take a boat, go out as far as you can go to, until the death readers are even 400 feet lower. And that's where the beach was.

• 26:29Danny Jones?

  That's far.

• 26:29Speaker 03

  Yeah, and 20,000 years ago, that's where it was at. And it is far, it is far, like.

• 26:33Danny Jones?

  Especially here, because the Gulf's shallow.

• 26:35Speaker 03

  Yes, yes, yes.

• 26:37Danny Jones?

  Gulf of America.

• 26:38Speaker 03

  Yeah, that's, that's actually why I had to go to the beach today. Get a picture of the Gulf of America.

• 26:44Speaker 03

  But, um, but, uh, yeah, yeah. So, and, and another interesting thing too, is when you get to where they all cross. Uh, this is the actual bedrock geology of Michigan. And, and I don't, I don't, to me, that looks like a bullseye, like that, the ring shaped bedrock geology.

• 27:00Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 27:01Speaker 03

  Each one of these, uh, different colors is a different type of bedrock. And, and that's basically, it's a basin, it's called the Michigan Basin.

• 27:06Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 27:07Speaker 03

  And, uh, basins form, they, the, the law of, uh, original horizontality says that like sand lays in flat layers. Like it's originally laid out flat. And then if something were to lift it up or cause it to sink, it has to happen afterwards. Uh, and so for this to be a basin, it had to have formed flat. And then at some time after that it was formed, it was depressed down. And, uh, you know, that's what I think, I think that it was actually an impact over this whole area. Uh, that caused this depression of Michigan, uh, and, and caused the secondary icy ejecta to fly away. And come crashing back down into the coastal plain and, and pretty much 100 and, uh, 1500 kilometer radius away from.

• 27:52Speaker 03

  Michigan.

• 27:53Danny Jones?

  So, other than the fact that all of these ellipses are angled towards one location where in the lower, where the Laurentide ice sheet was. What hard evidence is there that this was ejections from a common impact?

• 28:10Speaker 03

  Well, that's, that's where we're at now. I mean, we're trying to fight for evidence for it. Um, you know, because obviously you've got the Carolina bays, they're there. The, the perfect elliptical shapes of them should be very telling. Uh, I'm actually right now, uh, working, trying to get a paper published, just showing that we can prove that these are ellipses, you know, we're, we're using something called the Lee squared method. Uh, we're, we're identifying and punching, you know, putting dots all around the rims of these things.

• 28:36Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 28:36Speaker 03

  And proving that they're like time after time after time again, these things are, are actually mathematical ellipses. And you don't find things like that very often in nature. Like I showed you a minute ago. All of those oriented lakes, very few of those would actually have identical orientation to each other, very, very few of them.

• 28:52Danny Jones?

  Is there anything, anything like the, uh, like, like nano diamonds or any of the other materials that you find in cosmic impacts there?

• 29:00Speaker 03

  So we're looking, um, now they have found evidence of Younger Dryas stuff in some of the rims of these Carolina bays. Um, that, that is one of the possibilities is that this could have formed at the Younger Dryas.

• 29:13Speaker 03

  I, I don't think so anymore and we can get into that a little bit later. Uh, but I did for a long time, think that this, these were part of the Younger Dryas event. You guys have been, you've covered the Younger Dryas.

• 29:21Danny Jones?

  Oh, nine and ten.

• 29:22Speaker 03

  Which, and I, I am on board that that happened. I am on board that, uh, we had major fragments. Bolides, you know, blowing up in the atmosphere. We find, we do find lots of evidence of that. Um, and there's been a lot of back and forth of that too. And that's kind of what makes this a little bit more difficult. It's because there is a connection between the Carolina bays and the Younger Dryas. And the Younger Dryas hasn't been proven yet fully, right? Um, you know, most of us are like, yes, it, it happened, right? But until the.

• 29:51Danny Jones?

  It's really hard to prove.

• 29:52Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah. And the same thing with this, if ice formed it, if, if ice literally was, it was ejected from an initial impact site. Ice, you know, an icicle is the perfect murder weapon, right? You know, once that ice melts, what are you left with?

• 30:04Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 30:04Speaker 03

  Ponds of water.

• 30:05Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 30:05Speaker 03

  And, and that's what-

• 30:06Danny Jones?

  But there would all, but wouldn't there also be fragments of the rock of the comet or the meteor? Like, wouldn't there-

• 30:12Speaker 03

  I, if you could find it, then that would be awesome.

• 30:15Danny Jones?

  But that's what I'm saying. Has there, is there any evidence of any of that shit we were near the Carolina Bays?

• 30:20Speaker 03

  We've gone looking for it. Now, now, now, I think part of the reason is because nobody's looking. Like, nobody's going into the, the apex of these Carolina Bays with, we, we tried. We actually went in, I went with, um-

• 30:31Danny Jones?

  Like digging right into the center, you mean?

• 30:32Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah. Uh, and, and I, I have a whole collection of sediment that can be sent off. Uh, we actually, I, I went with, um, George Howard, uh, Antonio Zamora, Michael Davis. Uh, George Howard, uh, he was a guest on your show.

• 30:45Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 30:45Speaker 03

  Uh, he used to, um, he used to own a, um, a wetlands reclamation company. They would, they would, uh, they would be contracted out to, to re, uh, form wetlands. And then one of his clients had a Carolina Bay on his property.

• 31:01Danny Jones?

  No shit?

• 31:01Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah. And so, and, and he's big time into this kind of stuff. Anyway, he's actually, I call him the godfather Carolina Bays. George started, he, he mentioned it on the show with you, that that's what got him into it to begin with, was the Carolina Bays. Um, and so he's always been on, you know, trying, trying to push the Carolina Bay thing along. Uh, and so he got permission from the owner to actually, you know, go out and dig this, this Carolina Bay before they turned it back into a wetland. And, uh, we went out there with backhoes and, um, you know, just dug three huge trenches. And we just went down, we got, he had some of his crew, um, go down with ladders and, and take samples, like every, like anytime we saw a stration change, he would take samples out of that. We bagged that stuff up. I took it back to my, to my classroom. And, um, you

• 31:45Speaker 03

  know, I, I created a lab. I actually got in touch with, um, with Alan West, who's like one of the, one of the top guys in the comet research group. Uh, we developed a, uh, extraction, uh, protocol, which is, they already have an extraction protocol, but we had to, we had to make it high school ready, you know, because I was using, my, my students were, were doing it. And so I was working with like the number one, one of the top guys in the comet research group. We developed this plan and that that would make sure that we got the same results. And we started sifting and we started getting all of those. We got tons of magnetic grains, but the first sample we sent in, we had three trenches. We had one on the top and I don't have a picture of this one, but we had one on the top, one in the middle, and then another one on the bottom of the Carolina Bay. So if it was like, if it was like one of these,

• 32:30Speaker 03

  it would be on the top, middle, and then one on the bottom.

• 32:33Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 32:34Speaker 03

  And this was a small one. It was one that, you know, we can actually get into. Small is still huge. There was a whole farm there, you know, that they were, he was using for grown corn or something like that. But anyway, so we went through the whole process of extracting magnetic grains and we sent them off and, and nothing really stood out that it was like, you know, younger dryas related.

• 32:53Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 32:54Speaker 03

  And it's super expensive, you know, it's, it's, it was a couple, a couple grand. I don't have that kind of money to, to send these things in. George is the one who fronted it all to begin with. And like I said, we didn't get really promising results with our first go around. So we kind of put a, put a pin on it. We halted it. And so I still have like two, I still have collection, a collection set for the center, the center trench and the southern trench that have, that have not been tested yet because we just don't have the money to do it right now.

• 33:21Danny Jones?

  Right. Well, I mean, at least for the younger dryas, we do have some pretty solid hard evidence. Like we have the, they've dug into the black mat layer and found shit like the nano diamonds and like, what is it? Iridium or something down there?

• 33:32Speaker 03

  Platinum, platinum. That's what we were looking for. We were looking for, because that's kind of, that one is the smoking gun. Like if you could find, platinum is a rare metal on earth, but it's super common in, in space, uh, space rocks. And, um, yeah, they're finding that whole blood, just, I mean, the, the,

• 33:49Danny Jones?

  We have the white sand stuff. Like there's so much compelling hard evidence to point to something happening around the 12,500, whatever the younger dryas.

• 33:58Speaker 03

  Right. Yeah. 12,800 and something years ago.

• 34:00Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 34:01Speaker 03

  Yep. Um, yeah, yeah. And so, so, you know, there, there's a lot of evidence for that. They do find that evidence in some of these Carolina, Carolina Bay, but they're like in the rims of them. A lot of times these are archaeologists that do this research. Chris Moore, and I've got a, I got a picture of him on here too, but Chris Moore is, He's one of the leading, I think he is right now, like the leading common research group guy. Uh, he's in, he's a geoarchaeologist out of, uh, South Carolina, maybe North Carolina. Um, I actually went and helped him, uh, on a dig. That's, that's Micah Hanks there in that picture. Uh, and we are, we're actually looking for, uh, Clovis and, and, and post Clovis, um, sites and things like that.

• 34:43Speaker 03

  But he's found evidence of, of platinum and things like that in the rims of some of these Carolina bays, uh, which is compelling, but not really for the formation. It just means that they were, those rims were there while they were being occupied. And they're finding the platinum there around the same place that you would find like the Clovis people. So it sounds like the Clovis people were using these, and they were, and that's what he was, that's what he says. If they were really good, um, waterfowl hunting locations. And so they would go in there looking for ducks and whatever swans or geese or whatever. And, um, they find, they even find, uh, gallstones, um, in piles where they were processing out the, the waterfowl. And then the stones would be left by, and they used to just throw them away because they thought they were pebbles. And then somebody was like, wait a minute, these are actually like, they're from the inside of waterfowl.

• 35:28Speaker 03

  They're from the inside of ducks or something. And so, yeah, yeah. So they were being used by the Clovis for, for, uh, for hunting at that time.

• 35:36Speaker 03

  Which is kind of a, it's a kind of a strike against the Carolina bays being a, uh, you know, being related to the Younger Dryas. And right now, like I said, what they're finding with, with the, uh, Younger Dryas impact hypothesis, is that there probably weren't very many direct impacts into the ground, but they were thousands of bolides blowing up in the sky. It's kind of like, you know, we go through, every year we go through. Like airbursts? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Like we, we have shooting, shooting stars. We go through meteor showers, right? Uh, and we can plan for those, you know, we have, uh, right around the end of, uh, October into, uh, into November. There's a, there's a really interesting meteor shower and it's, it's related to this because I think that that's the one that caused the Younger Dryas. Uh, but we go through it twice. It's the, um. Torrid meteor. Yeah, the torrid meteor stream. So we go through it at the end of June and then we go through it at the end of October.

• 36:22Speaker 03

  Um, and I think it was actually the June passing that there was just a, just instead of it being like. Like flakes of sand that were burning up in the atmosphere. There were chunks of stuff just blowing up in the atmosphere. We went through a really thick patch.

• 36:34Danny Jones?

  Didn't this last for like a thousand years?

• 36:36Speaker 03

  Well, the the Younger Dryas lasted for a thousand years.

• 36:39Danny Jones?

  Yeah, like it like

• 36:40Speaker 03

  Twelve hundred years.

• 36:40Danny Jones?

  When I first started, when I first was introduced to the idea, I thought like, okay, it was like a one time event. But now it seems like, no, maybe it was like, kind of like what we went through in Florida this past summer, where we got smashed by two hurricanes in a row. Maybe that happened for a thousand years.

• 36:53Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah.

• 36:54Danny Jones?

  Like every, every summer, we got smashed by meteors or comets.

• 36:59Speaker 03

  Yeah, and and you know that there could, that could have been exactly what happened. Uh, they're finding evidence that, yeah, this wasn't a one time event, that there were multiple airbursts. Um, I I always forget the name of this place, but they're finding in the Middle East. Um, it's it's either Abu Hurairah or Tell Al Hamam. It's it's one of the two. One, one was a bolide event that took place during biblical biblical times. The other one was much older, like during the Younger Dryas time. And I I always get the two mixed up, so maybe

• 37:24Danny Jones?

  Yeah, George was talking about one.

• 37:27Speaker 03

  Um, and that was the one that took place during like the biblical

• 37:29Danny Jones?

  I think it was the Tell Al Hamam.

• 37:31Speaker 03

  Right.

• 37:32Danny Jones?

  The one where

• 37:33Speaker 03

  The one in the Jordan Valley?

• 37:34Danny Jones?

  The Sodom and Gomorrah one.

• 37:35Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah, yeah. So that was a little bit more recent than the Younger Dryas event. But there is, there was another very similar event that took place in that area.

• 37:43Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 37:43Speaker 03

  Um, you know, twelve thousand eight hundred years ago, and where literally they they find melt glass like surrounding, you know, villages and then like people blast it up against walls.

• 37:53Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 37:54Speaker 03

  It's it's pretty insane, yeah. Um, and and, you know, so these things happen, you know, we haven't had it had it happen in a really long time. Uh, the last like big bolide we had was back in two thousand twelve in Chelyabinsk. Um, that's the one in Russia that not not the, um,

• 38:09Danny Jones?

  Yeah, yeah, yeah.

• 38:10Speaker 03

  Not the one that blew out like a whole forest, but like the one that blew up over town and shattered all the glass and was falling on people.

• 38:15Danny Jones?

  Oh, yeah, we were, we were watching that in here a couple of months ago.

• 38:19Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah.

• 38:19Danny Jones?

  That was in like the nineties, I think.

• 38:21Speaker 03

  Right, yeah. No, no, no, that was two thousand twelve. Yeah.

• 38:24Danny Jones?

  Can you find out what that was, Steve? Uh, find out the, uh, when that thing, when that happened?

• 38:29Speaker 03

  Uh, Chalab-

• 38:30Danny Jones?

  Chalabink?

• 38:31Speaker 03

  No, no, that's the, that's what he was talking about, the, the older one. Here it is. It's the Chali-

• 38:36Danny Jones?

  Chalabinks?

• 38:37Speaker 03

  Chalia-

• 38:38Danny Jones?

  And I may be saying it wrong.

• 38:40Speaker 03

  Chalabinks meteor airburst. That's the one that blew out a bunch of windows and-

• 38:44Danny Jones?

  Right, right.

• 38:45Speaker 03

  We got, there's the video.

• 38:47Danny Jones?

  Yeah, there's videos, people like on the highway in Russia.

• 38:49Speaker 03

  Right, right, right.

• 38:50Danny Jones?

  Like, holy shit.

• 38:51Speaker 03

  Yeah, and this was a small one. This was a small one, you know? Imagine having, uh, are we gonna show the video? Cause imagine having this happening, you know, thousands of times all across the horizon.

• 39:01Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 39:02Speaker 03

  That's probably what was happening, you know?

• 39:03Danny Jones?

  And a thousand times the size.

• 39:05Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 39:05Danny Jones?

  Those things go, what, like forty thousand miles an hour?

• 39:08Speaker 03

  Yeah, this is insane.

• 39:09Danny Jones?

  Like-

• 39:10Speaker 03

  Beeeeeeep!

• 39:12Danny Jones?

  Boom!

• 39:14Speaker 03

  Yeah, I don't know, can you get sound on it?

• 39:15Speaker 04

  Speck in the sky, soon streaking across the horizon, followed by an almost apocalyptic scene. A blinding flash of light, and then all hell broke loose.

• 39:27Speaker 03

  Right?

• 39:28Speaker 04

  Dizzying explosions, shattering windows, knocking these office workers to the ground. These students were lucky.

• 39:36Speaker 03

  They all thought this was it. Like, they all thought, that's it, we're done.

• 39:41Speaker 03

  So imagine that happening over-

• 39:42Danny Jones?

  I mean, they probably thought it was like, like war or something. For, your first, your first, if that happened here, my first example, okay, Russia fucking sent a new-

• 39:50Speaker 03

  Yep, we're done.

• 39:53Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 39:53Danny Jones?

  The last thing I would, I mean, that, the common impact would probably be like the last thing I would-

• 39:57Speaker 03

  Exactly, exactly.

• 40:00Speaker 03

  And so, and then the last time, right?

• 40:02Danny Jones?

  Oh my god.

• 40:03Speaker 03

  And this is a lot, this is, well, you know, this one was recorded and that's, that's great.

• 40:07Danny Jones?

  Mm-hmm.

• 40:07Speaker 03

  Back in two, uh, back in nineteen-

• 40:09Danny Jones?

  What year was this?

• 40:11Speaker 03

  Twenty twelve?

• 40:11Danny Jones?

  Yeah, twenty- Twenty twelve, oh wow!

• 40:14Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 40:17Speaker 03

  I'm trying to find the raw video.

• 40:20Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah.

• 40:22Danny Jones?

  That she, how do you spell, how do you pronounce it? Chelyab, Chelyabinsk?

• 40:26Speaker 03

  Yeah, I've heard it pronounced different ways, um, I, I don't, I'm not fluent in Russian, so-

• 40:30Danny Jones?

  Two thousand twelve, there was also a theory that the world was supposed to end in two thousand twelve, right?

• 40:34Speaker 03

  Maybe, yeah, that's true, maybe, maybe we got lucky with that one little, I think that one was about the size of a school bus.

• 40:39Danny Jones?

  Play that, play that simulation on the top.

• 40:43Danny Jones?

  Orbit.

• 40:46Speaker 03

  And the thing about this one is they came out of nowhere like this wasn't even part of like a known meteor stream.

• 40:51Danny Jones?

  It was just a rogue meteor, a little baby one.

• 40:55Speaker 03

  Yep, like they weren't even tracking it. They had no clue it was on its way.

• 40:58Danny Jones?

  God, man.

• 41:05Danny Jones?

  So like that could have been the one that took out. Imagine if that was the one that took out the dinosaurs like the size of that.

• 41:10Speaker 03

  Oh, golly.

• 41:11Danny Jones?

  Which was like, what, how many miles?

• 41:12Speaker 03

  That one was like 11 kilometers. So, you know, that's a big, it was a city size. I mean, city about the size of a city, you know, and it came down and it caused all kinds of stuff.

• 41:21Danny Jones?

  Just south of where we are right now.

• 41:23Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah, yeah. Down in Gulf of Mexico. Um, um, that's, um, the Chichulub crater. Yeah. And they just recently, I think last year, uh, found another crater off the coast of Spain that goes back 65 million years.

• 41:36Danny Jones?

  Really?

• 41:37Speaker 03

  So this may have been a multiple impact that that took other dinosaurs too.

• 41:40Danny Jones?

  Wow.

• 41:41Speaker 03

  Yeah, I don't think these things travel. I, I think that's like a misconception that a lot of us have is that these things are just zinging around in space. That one kind of was, but, uh, but most of these times they're in orbit around the sun and we just happened to cross the pass with that orbit.

• 41:56Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 41:57Speaker 03

  Uh, you know, it used to be a comet. The tail was stretching across and then all that debris. Um, you know, we just go through it. We just go right through it, run, you know, we're moving, it's moving and we just right through each other and it caused all kinds of devastation.

• 42:10Danny Jones?

  Oh, this is it?

• 42:13Danny Jones?

  10 kilometers wide? How many miles is that?

• 42:17Speaker 03

  Uh, something like eight, eight miles.

• 42:20Danny Jones?

  Whoa.

• 42:21Speaker 03

  Yeah. And it's this one that dates back like 65.

• 42:24Danny Jones?

  Doesn't even look like anything. Like I was looking at that air, that aerial shot. I wouldn't even imagine that was a crater.

• 42:30Speaker 03

  Yeah. Well, it's the same thing with the Chichulub crater, the one, the, you know, the one that gets credit for taking out the dinosaurs. Um, the only way, the, the only reason why they found out that that was a crater was because of the cenotes. Have you, have you been down to Mexico like down to, uh?

• 42:43Danny Jones?

  No.

• 42:44Speaker 03

  Like the the ancient Mayan ruins and things like that. A lot of those ruins were built around cenotes, which are these these like limestone caves that go straight down. They're full of fresh water.

• 42:54Danny Jones?

  I've seen people do stay scuba dive.

• 42:56Speaker 03

  Yeah, that crazy all the time. There's all kinds. There's all kinds. But there's a bunch of them and they formed this like really neat arched like semi circle. And they they realized that that was actually the rim of the the impact that took out the dinosaurs, that that the fracturing of the ground underneath the limestone that had built up above it, allowed water to seep through and over time it's fresh water that that dissolves limestone. It creates caves like that. And so it was a quick access for water to to go through the limestone and form those cenote caves. And so that that really neat arch shape is is was, you know, you go to the center of that shape and they found the crater.

• 43:36Danny Jones?

  Wow.

• 43:37Speaker 03

  Yeah. And that was like the 1990s.

• 43:38Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 43:39Speaker 03

  Yeah, that was I was in high school, you know, the the whole Alvarez, Black Matt, Black Rock Layer, you know, finding, that's when they were finding iridium. They're finding really high levels of iridium all around the planet. It was a father and son team, the Alvarez's and and they were telling everybody, you know, hey, this there was an impact. This is what we think took out the dinosaurs. We find it all around the planet. And everyone was like, no, no, no, you find us a crater and then then we'll talk. And it was like the the 1990s, early 1990s, when they finally discovered that that that Chixulub, that little semi circle in Mexico was part of that crater. And they're like, it was like, OK, all right, you got us.

• 44:15Danny Jones?

  Did they ever like dig like if you go way down beneath that crater, is there is that friggin asteroid still down there?

• 44:21Speaker 03

  Um, no, but there's like completely shattered rock. Like if you go to the into um into the the Chixulub uh and and dig down, they call it bresha. Uh, it's it's a type of rock that's just completely shattered and then resolidifies. Um, and that's just full of that.

• 44:37Danny Jones?

  So when that asteroid hits the ground, it breaks up into a million pieces? It doesn't stay solid?

• 44:41Speaker 03

  I I don't know. Yeah, I don't know. I'd imagine I'd imagine it does like completely destroy.

• 44:47Speaker 05

  It liquefies.

• 44:48Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 44:48Speaker 05

  Oh, really? Remember it liquefies and then just ejects into the atmosphere and gets thrown everywhere.

• 44:53Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 44:54Danny Jones?

  Holy shit.

• 44:55Speaker 03

  And a lot of times, a lot of time in this section.

• 44:57Danny Jones?

  And what are they made of? They're made of, um.

• 45:00Speaker 03

  Mostly iron.

• 45:01Danny Jones?

  Iron, right.

• 45:01Speaker 03

  But then there's a lot of, a lot of those other rare earth metals like, uh, like the iridium and platinum and things like that. And, um, so again, this is, but that's a completely different impact, you know, when, when you have something slam into the ground like, like what killed the dinosaurs. I mean, that creates a whole chain of events that, that blocks out the sun for months and it kills off all the plants and then all the plant eaters die and the animals. And so that was why we had that like massive, massive, um, uh, extinction level event at the dinosaurs, which was good because that allowed mammals to become the most dominant species on our planet. We're kind of mammals, so.

• 45:34Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 45:35Speaker 03

  So we kind of.

• 45:36Danny Jones?

  Allegedly. Apparently some, some people think the reptilians are still running the show.

• 45:40Speaker 03

  Yeah. So, but back to the younger dry ice, like that is kind of what, what the younger dry ice, it's the same story. Like we're finding platinum in dirt layers. They hasn't turned to stone yet, but it would form into a, it is a black mat. You know, we have this black mat, we're finding iridium there. Uh, and so there is some really interesting, um, uh, you know, connections between the dinosaur killer and the younger dry ice. But right now we think that the, the, um, you know, the real effect of the younger dry ice was from multiple, multiple bolides and not really big impacts into the ground. I do think there's evidence of some impacts on the ice sheet.

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• 47:15Speaker 03

  Higher above Michigan, there's a couple of places. Randall Carlson and I did a podcast a couple of months ago and we kind of highlighted a couple of these places that could possibly be Younger Dryas impact sites. And there's like three of them in a row. It's kind of neat. And one's like Lake St. Jean, another one's, I can't remember the other two, but they're, they're all like in a row right across Canada. But I don't think that the Carolina bays were formed during the Younger Dryas.

• 47:42Danny Jones?

  Why not? When do you think they were formed?

• 47:44Speaker 03

  So, well, okay, so there's two main hypotheses for how these Carolina bays formed. One is, is at the Younger Dryas. And one of the main proponents for that is Antonio Zamora. He'll be at the Cosmic Summit with me this, this summer. We're actually going to present together. I'm kind of, kind of, are you gonna, you gonna be there this summer?

• 48:01Danny Jones?

  I'm not sure.

• 48:02Speaker 03

  Yeah. Well, if you can make it, it's gonna be a great time. Yeah, we had a good time last year.

• 48:05Danny Jones?

  Yeah, it was fun.

• 48:06Speaker 03

  Anyway, so Antonio Zamora and I are going to be there together next year. And his main thing is that these things happened at the Younger Dryas. And he's got evidence, but a lot of the evidence is dependent on the Younger Dryas being proven correct. You know, things like the, the mega mammal extinctions and things like that. That's where he's, you know, and so that, so he's, he's got that idea 12,800 years ago, 12,900 years ago, that there was an impact into Michigan. And it was big chunks of ice that came flying out of Michigan. And as they came, they actually went up into suborbit, froze solid, and then came crashing back down. And these ellipses are actually the cone, the, the cone of depression

• 48:51Speaker 03

  as, as the ice re-entered the earth there. And so they come crashing back down, the, the violence of, of an impact like that, even of ice, because we're talking about-

• 49:00Danny Jones?

  So it was raining-

• 49:02Speaker 03

  That's his-

• 49:03Danny Jones?

  Football stadium sized chunks of ice.

• 49:05Speaker 03

  Tropicana fields coming down onto the coastal plain of, of-

• 49:09Danny Jones?

  Jesus Christ.

• 49:13Speaker 03

  Yep.

• 49:14Danny Jones?

  And a lot of these, a lot of these chunks of ice had rocks frozen in them, right? Because that's what Grandal, Randall talks about, these giant boulders that are in the Midwest that are, that come from, came from Canada or the East Coast.

• 49:26Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah, they came, but those, those, those came rafting down out on, you know, from, from valleys and things like that, and they came rafting down onto those areas. And then, so then that ice, big chunks of ice that, that were carrying these rocks, that melted. And then you were left behind with these, with these, um, big, uh, these big rocks just kind of hanging out everywhere.

• 49:48Speaker 03

  The, I'm not sure, because we're talking about in the middle of Michigan, there was probably a really big sheet of ice there. Uh, and the only analog we really have for that now is either Greenland or Antarctica. And when you look at pictures of like Greenland and Antarctica, you don't see a whole bunch of rocks laying around. They're on the bottom, but it's almost, I mean, you have like a mile of just white ice, all the way up to the top. And, and I think that this, I, because I do agree with Antonio's like impact hypothesis. I do think that there was an impact into the ice and that it did eject the ice away from that location. They went up and then came crashing back down. I don't think they were quite as solid as he hypothesizes. I think that this, because, because glacial ice forms differently anyways. It doesn't form like you take like ice and put it into an ice, you know, into the freezer and

• 50:33Speaker 03

  it freezes solid. Um, glacier ice is forms when you have like annual snows that just pile up and then they get squished down. They piled up and they get squished down.

• 50:43Danny Jones?

  Oh, really?

• 50:44Speaker 03

  Yeah. And so you create what's called a firn, F I R N, uh, and that's, that's when, um, uh, all that snow just builds up, gets squished down, uh, and it's so it's globular. It's kind of like plasticky, uh, and then it eventually turns into, um, turns into glacial ice. Uh, so it's already, it already has like forgiveness. It like bends and it molds and it has like, I use the term plastic because that's the term that, that's a geologic term, but it, it molds and moves around and, and, um, so if it were, if there was an impact into that ice, it would behave differently. It's already under pressure. It's already, you know, it, it's already globular. And so I think that would be highly fractured and it would send out and you'd have these like. globs of frozen debris coming crashing back down.

• 51:27Speaker 03

  Um, and it'll be highly fast. So I think when they came crashing back down. Uh, that they, that's kind of what formed that ellipse. That's why they're so shallow. Like I said, when you look at images of these there, they're super shallow in the center of them. Uh, and it's because I think that that stuff came down, just kind of crashed out and, and that's, that's what gave you that, that, um, ellipse with the raised rims.

• 51:45Danny Jones?

  Mm hmm.

• 51:46Speaker 03

  Um, again, these things that they were solid and so that they were actually entering the ground and it was the cone that creates that. And then there was viscous relaxation where the, the, the earthquakes caused it to shake and, and, uh, and settle back out.

• 51:59Danny Jones?

  Um, oh, okay.

• 52:01Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 52:01Danny Jones?

  So the earth, so the earth shaking made these things perfectly round?

• 52:05Speaker 03

  No, no, no, the, the impact. So, so again, we have a paper right now that we're trying to get pushed through, but, uh, it's the, the cone of, of, uh, what's it called? The, um, conic section. So, so we have different conic sections when something enters a, a, uh, an unconsolidated material, which is mostly sand and clay and stuff like that. And so whenever the object enters the flat plane, it creates a kind of, if they were coming straight down, the conic section would be a perfect circle. If they're coming in at an angle, which these would have been, the conic section would be an ellipse. If you keep going, you'd end up with like a hyperbole and you know, you end up with these, there's like four different conic sections. These are all elliptical. We think that they're cones of depression coming in at an angle.

• 52:47Danny Jones?

  Ah, I see.

• 52:48Speaker 03

  Right, right, right.

• 52:49Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 52:49Speaker 03

  And again, I do agree with that. The, the, the physics backs that up. Yeah. So here are the cones of depression.

• 52:55Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 52:56Speaker 03

  And, uh, again, you can see the, where the ellipses are, they're at an angle.

• 53:00Danny Jones?

  Oh, I see. Look at that. That is fascinating.

• 53:07Speaker 03

  So again, you know, if you imagine something entering into that flat plane, the, the, you know, the cone itself is, is the, is the, um, object entering in and then it's, it seals itself into that, into that terrain.

• 53:21Danny Jones?

  Mm hmm. Yeah, it's amazing we can't figure out how to get like some sort of big drill out in the middle of those things and just drill down for like

• 53:28Speaker 03

  Like I said, we had, okay, so there's a couple of things. One, we had heavy equipment, like we had a, a bulld, uh, a, a front end, what do they call that?

• 53:35Danny Jones?

  The Front end loader?

• 53:36Speaker 03

  An excavator, whatever, but yeah. Um, and, and we dug as far as that thing went down and it started filling up with water. Uh, we got as much, you know, cause you hit the water table too. And so the water just started filling this whole thing up. We got as much sediment as we possibly could. Um, you know, we, we kind of know where the apex would be, like we kind of know where you should probably dig.

• 53:54Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 53:55Speaker 03

  Um, but you know, we, how far do you dig? We don't know. Like I said, I don't think that these things made it all the way down to the, to the focus point of that ellipse, you know, I think they went all the way down. I think that's something, you know, I think that whatever happened caused it to, to dissipate the energy and, and then, you know, you still end up with the cone of depression, but the energy is dissipated because of the material, but.

• 54:16Danny Jones?

  So when do you think these things were from again?

• 54:17Speaker 03

  Okay, so, so the other hypothesis that I, that I'm looking at is, um, Michael Davies, the guy who, who did all this Lyodar.

• 54:25Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 54:25Speaker 03

  Um, he thinks that these happened, um, during the mid Pleistocene transition. Yeah, the mid Pleistocene trans, now this is a lot longer ago, 786,000 years ago. This is, the mid Pleistocene transition is a real thing. Like it's, we basically have a chain of events that completely changed the earth. Um, literally before the mid Pleistocene transition, uh, we were going in and out of ice ages like every 41,000 years. And something happened right around that time that caused a change in obliquity of the earth. That caused the, uh, the ice ages to stretch out to 100,000 years. And we have this recorded in, in ice, ice core data. So we started going from, we were going from 41,000 years, going in and out of ice ages.

• 55:08Speaker 03

  To now going 100,000 years in and out of ice ages. And I'll show you a graph here in a little bit where, where you can see that. So, I mean, a change in obliquity is kind of a big deal. Cause that's one, that's one of the Milankovich cycles, right? You've got procession, um, obliquity and eccentricity.

• 55:23Danny Jones?

  Knocked, this thing knocked the earth off its tilt?

• 55:26Speaker 03

  Listen, I'm not, you said it, not me.

• 55:30Danny Jones?

  That's the idea.

• 55:31Speaker 03

  I, I think it could be the idea. Yeah, I think it could be, yes.

• 55:35Danny Jones?

  Jesus.

• 55:36Speaker 03

  Um, I mean, something happened. Something happened to cause the earth's obliquity to change, to stretch out our ice age cycles. We also find all kinds of other evidence. Um, we find, um, a big one for me, uh, and you kind of mentioned this a minute ago, uh, whenever an impact hits the ground, uh, it, it's going to send up melted rock or melted parts of itself.

• 55:59Danny Jones?

  Uh huh.

• 56:00Speaker 03

  And, and, and so it melts and, but it sends these, these, um, they're called tech tights. It's kind of like meteorites, but they formed from the ground, from the earth. Uh, and we find AA tech tights that date back to 786,000 years, that date back to the mid Pleistocene transition. And it's a mystery. They don't know where they came from.

• 56:17Danny Jones?

  Where do they find those?

• 56:18Speaker 03

  They find them all over Asia. They find them all in, uh, in Australia.

• 56:21Danny Jones?

  That are 800,000 years old.

• 56:23Speaker 03

  800,000 year old tech tights. Yeah. And they're found, I was just, you know, you can go look up tech tights and then they find them all over the place. Um, they, um, and again, they don't know exactly where they came from. Uh, now one of the guys, uh, there's different types of tech tights. That's, that's a good example of one right there.

• 56:41Danny Jones?

  Hmm.

• 56:42Speaker 03

  Um, that was probably an AA tech type found probably in, in, um, the Philippines or something like that.

• 56:47Danny Jones?

  Wow.

• 56:48Speaker 03

  Um, but it's, there's a huge strewn field where, where you find these things and most of it's actually in the ocean. Like most of the strewn field is actually under the water. And so there's a ton of tech types that are still there. Um, they do, yeah, this, I think I just saw this, uh, just the other day where they found, they were just finding like dozens of them.

• 57:02Danny Jones?

  800,000 years old, just chilling right there on top of, on top of the dirt.

• 57:06Speaker 03

  Yep. Yep. And it's really, they're really kind of neat because they, they actually show the, they were melted, they were flying through the air and when they solidified.

• 57:14Danny Jones?

  How do they actually know it's 800,000 years old?

• 57:16Speaker 03

  Uh, it's from where they find them in the strata, like where.

• 57:19Danny Jones?

  That was just sitting on top of the dirt.

• 57:21Speaker 03

  Well, that dirt's been eroded away. They find them in other places that are in, in that location. Another thing that they've done is they actually, there's a guy who has tested those.

• 57:29Danny Jones?

  Uh huh.

• 57:30Speaker 03

  Uh, with, um, strontium and rhodium, uh, dating.

• 57:35Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 57:36Speaker 03

  And, and they date back to, well, actually let me rephrase it because they date back to the rock layers being Jurassic of age. But that's not when they're formed, like the rock that formed the sandstones that formed them were Jurassic Age rocks. But they, that's what formed the tectites. What's interesting is if, if we look back at the, the Michigan Basin, the center of the Michigan Basin, right here, this pink rock right there, that's all Jurassic Age rock. And so, so if this was an impact and, and, and we had sandstone, which most of that is Michigan sandstone, if that was ejected from that location, it would have gone into orbit, solidified, and then came back down on the other side of the planet.

• 58:21Speaker 03

  One of the guys that's working on this is, um, Tim Harris. Uh, here's Tim right here. Uh, Tim is an engineer. Uh, he, he used to work for Lockheed Martin and, uh, and Boeing. Um, and some of his mentors were like literally rock, he's a rocket scientist himself, uh, but a lot of his mentors were like the rocket scientist during the Cold War. And, uh, they use the same impact physics for like ballistic missiles, uh, to, to track where we find these tectites all the way back to their source. And, and he's been putting out papers left and right, um, but they just don't get taken seriously. What's his name, Thomas Harris? Yeah, Thomas Harris, yep. Yep.

• 58:59Speaker 03

  Yeah, he actually, um, um, he came to visit a couple of years ago now, uh, his son was, uh, going to be a first mate on a, on a, on a ship, like a yacht that was sailing from Savannah up to New York, they're from New York. And, uh, so he drove, it was right, right during COVID, and he drove his son down and called George and he's like, is there anybody in this area that, that's Carolina Bay related? Cause I, I like the, I'm down here, I'm gonna be camping and stuff. He's like, just, and he's like, so he gave him my number. And I'm like, dude, Carolina Bay's, come on, he can come stay at my house. Yeah. And so he came over and, uh, we, we, you know, kicked back with a few beers that night and then we were talking about all kinds of stuff. There was a really cool connection with the AA tectites, um, because, uh, the, the Mr.

• 59:42Speaker 03

  Tectite, like the guy who, who, um, is known, he used to work for NASA, uh, his name's Hal Povenmire, and he's like, he is like the tectite king, like he knows all about these tectites.

• 59:52Danny Jones?

  Hal Povenmire?

• 59:54Speaker 03

  Yeah, Hal Povenmire, he's he's passed away now. Uh, in fact, my wife met him at a gem-

• 1:00:00Danny Jones?

  Hold on a second. That sounds familiar. Is this the guy Chris Bledsoe was talking about?

• 1:00:04Speaker 03

  Yes, same guy, same guy. I just, I just contacted, uh, Matt, uh, Matt Bell. I was like, dude, you gotta, you gotta talk to, uh, somebody who knows Hal because there's, there's connections with Hal Povenmire that need to be explored.

• 1:00:19Speaker 03

  Yeah, and he's from here.

• 1:00:20Danny Jones?

  Did you ever meet the guy?

• 1:00:21Speaker 03

  Okay, so my wife met Hal at a gem and mineral show, completely unrelated. She was there, she was bored. She saw this guy, uh, he called him, he called her over and, uh, she started, cause he had a big map of Georgia. He's, uh, again, a big tech tight guy. And one of the tech tight strewn fields is right across Georgia. They call them Georgiaites.

• 1:00:40Danny Jones?

  Yeah, he wrote a book about tech tights, didn't he?

• 1:00:41Speaker 03

  Yeah, I have a signed copy of it, yeah. Um, so, so that strewn field in Georgia is from the Chesapeake Bay impact that happened thirty thousand, thirty million years ago.

• 1:00:51Danny Jones?

  Uh huh.

• 1:00:52Speaker 03

  Um, so anyways, but he had this picture of Georgia. My wife came up, started talking to him because we have property right on the fall line, which was on the map. And, uh, she started talking, and his eyes got huge when he found out we had property there because where he was looking at, if they can find Georgiaites there, would completely expand his research into a whole nother county. And so he was super interested in that. Um, they exchanged, he, she gave him my number. He called me. We had like three or four conversations and trying to find a time where we can meet up to go tech, uh, tech tight hunting. Uh, and it just, he ended up passing away and it never happened. Like I'd call him like, hey, man, I'm going up to the property. You want to come? And he's like, I can't. I'm going up probably to see Chris Bledsoe or somebody. And, uh, and, and it never worked out. We never got a chance to meet, so.

• 1:01:32Danny Jones?

  Wow, that's bizarre. And if you search this guy on the internet, you can't find, there's, you can't find much.

• 1:01:38Speaker 03

  I know, that's, yeah, like I said, I emailed Matt and I was like, you gotta, you guys gotta find something on this guy because he, uh, he's connected to everything. I don't know what the deal is. I don't know, like, he is connected with all of these different things, alien abduction.

• 1:01:52Danny Jones?

  Chris told me something that, he said that when he asked him about the moon, he said that there's ancient mushroom structures on the moon.

• 1:01:59Speaker 03

  Really?

• 1:01:59Danny Jones?

  That's what his, that's what his daughter told me.

• 1:02:01Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 1:02:01Danny Jones?

  That's what he told his daughter.

• 1:02:02Speaker 03

  Chris Bledsoe's daughter.

• 1:02:03Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:02:03Speaker 03

  There's a really, there's a really neat video of um his daughter, Bledsoe's daughter um playing the piano.

• 1:02:10Danny Jones?

  Yeah, she's a great piano player.

• 1:02:11Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah, and then.

• 1:02:12Danny Jones?

  She teaches.

• 1:02:13Speaker 03

  And it's, she's one of the reasons why she became so good at the piano. He gave her like twenty bucks and then gave her one of the most difficult songs to play. You know, it's like, here's twenty bucks, you need to learn this song, this time I see you.

• 1:02:23Danny Jones?

  Oh, really?

• 1:02:24Speaker 03

  And then she learned it and then then he passed it. She actually was like a memorial to him. Uh, you can find it on TikTok. It's a neat little video. Um, but yeah, again, when I heard that name, and actually, I think that I I'm referring to Matt Bell's uh episode with him that just came out this week.

• 1:02:37Danny Jones?

  Hmm.

• 1:02:38Speaker 03

  Um, yeah, um, he started, he didn't mention Hal by name, but he talked about, you know, this guy that's a, you know, expert. He, he, he may have said Hal.

• 1:02:47Danny Jones?

  We talked about him for like thirty minutes on here.

• 1:02:49Speaker 03

  Okay, you know, he just mentioned tech types and I was like, oh, he's gotta be talking about Hal Pavan.

• 1:02:52Danny Jones?

  Right, right.

• 1:02:53Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah, so. Anyway, so, so again, that conversation that I was having with Tim Harris in my backyard, Hal came up and I was like, dude, I got a, I got a couple of tech types from Hal and I, and I went up, got him and showed him and he's like, yeah, man, he's in and um Tim showed me like the, the um, the plasma scarring and things like that from, from when these things were in the sky and how much electricity was, you know, a part of the impact that actually created these things and you can actually see them. That's what causes the pot marks in the tech types themselves. Um, and uh, and again, and and he was in contact with Hal. Uh, and and Hal was like, you know, you guys might be on to something with these things being from Michigan. Uh, and so, so they were, they stayed in communication too.

• 1:03:35Speaker 03

  Again, there's a lot of really interesting connections that keep coming up with Hal. I think he definitely needs to be uh, you know, checked out a little bit more. I think, I think there's a really neat story there.

• 1:03:43Danny Jones?

  That you got, he, so he thought these tech types could have been from Michigan?

• 1:03:47Speaker 03

  That's, that's what Tim told me. I, I, yeah, yeah. Again, when I was interacting with Hal, I wasn't this far into tech types yet, or I wasn't this far into Carolina Bays yet. I was, I was researching them, but I wasn't this far into researching them.

• 1:03:59Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 1:03:59Speaker 03

  Uh, and so anyways, the connection with the, with the tech types. Leading back to Michigan was like, oh, this, you know, these guys might be on to something. Uh, and, and, um, you know, if these things did happen 786,000 years ago, we should be able to kinda, you know, come up with some better evidence for that. And I think I did find some, some better evidence that may suggest that they're older uh, and closer to that 786,000 year, year.

• 1:04:22Danny Jones?

  Which is what?

• 1:04:24Speaker 03

  Uh, the Paleolithic shorelines, what we were just looking at earlier. We were looking at the, um, the, the, uh, ancient barrier islands. Okay. Here of Pinellas County.

• 1:04:32Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:04:32Speaker 03

  All up and down the east coast, we find that shoreline. There are almost zero Carolina bays below those shorelines. Zero.

• 1:04:42Danny Jones?

  Below the.

• 1:04:43Speaker 03

  Below them. Yeah, I'll show you. I'll show you some evidence of that. Um, yeah, if you go.

• 1:04:49Danny Jones?

  Back when those things hit, the sea level would have been 400 feet lower, right?

• 1:04:53Speaker 03

  Um, well, it just depends on when they hit, right? Yeah. So, so.

• 1:04:57Danny Jones?

  Well, if it was ice being.

• 1:04:58Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah, yeah. So, so if they happened at the Younger Dryas, this is part of the big.

• 1:05:01Danny Jones?

  If it happened during the Younger.

• 1:05:02Speaker 03

  Yeah, if it happened at the Younger Dryas, then sea levels would have been 400 feet low or, or somewhere in, it was, they were rising during the time, beginning of the Younger Dryas. Um, there is an exact number. I can't remember what it is, but even if it was half that, 100, you know, 200 feet lower.

• 1:05:16Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:05:16Speaker 03

  Um, if it happened at that time, sea levels did not come even close to our current shoreline. We should find Carolina bays all the way up to the beach. We should find Carolina bays across the coastal plain, all the way to the beach.

• 1:05:30Danny Jones?

  Mm-hmm.

• 1:05:31Speaker 03

  And, and again, we don't, and that, that to me was a big deal. Um, this is an image right here that shows, uh, the, the, um, Ice Ages. So, so this shows the Ice Age. This is where we are currently. This is where we are at the peak of our last Ice Age. That was 20,000 years ago, right here. Right? The last time sea levels were as high as they are today.

• 1:05:53Danny Jones?

  This is marine oxygen isotope stages and relative sea level.

• 1:05:57Speaker 03

  Mm-hmm.

• 1:05:58Danny Jones?

  So that line that you're looking at right now is sea level?

• 1:06:02Speaker 03

  This line down here is sea level. This line up here is, um, the isotopes that they're getting out of the ice cores.

• 1:06:08Danny Jones?

  Oxygen isotopes.

• 1:06:09Speaker 03

  Yes. Yeah, yeah. So they're using the Greenland ice cores and the Antarctic ice cores.

• 1:06:14Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 1:06:15Speaker 03

  And they're cross-referencing the two to come up with this chart.

• 1:06:18Danny Jones?

  Okay, I got it.

• 1:06:19Speaker 03

  And so, and, and we have stages.

• 1:06:21Danny Jones?

  That's interesting.

• 1:06:22Speaker 03

  Yeah. M-M-I-S stages, marine isotope stages.

• 1:06:26Danny Jones?

  Uh-huh.

• 1:06:26Speaker 03

  We're in one right now, like marine oxygen isotope stage number one right now. If you go back, again, this was a, that was the peak of the glacial, last glacial cycle when we had like two miles of ice on top of Canada and the oceans were 400 feet lower and about a, about 100 yard or 100 miles farther away.

• 1:06:43Danny Jones?

  This is the peak of the last one that you had.

• 1:06:45Speaker 03

  This one right here, yeah. That's the peak of the last ice age.

• 1:06:48Danny Jones?

  Which is, was how long ago?

• 1:06:49Speaker 03

  Uh, 20, 25,000 years ago.

• 1:06:51Danny Jones?

  Okay. And all the way in the right, where's that? How far goes?

• 1:06:53Speaker 03

  All the way over here?

• 1:06:54Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:06:54Speaker 03

  This is 800,000 years.

• 1:06:56Danny Jones?

  Got it.

• 1:06:56Speaker 03

  So this is within that 786,000 years. That's why this is actually really good data. So here we have the, um, the peak of the ice age. This right here was the last interglacial, like the last times temperatures were like they are today. And they were warmer than they were, they are today. More ice melted uh, during that time than had melted today and sea levels were higher than they were today. And that, that was 125 around about 125,000 years ago. The MIS, MIS stage was 5E.

• 1:07:25Danny Jones?

  Wow. So we're like, so at the very, very far left is where we are right now.

• 1:07:29Speaker 03

  Yes. Right here. The last time sea levels were at anywhere close to where they are today.

• 1:07:34Danny Jones?

  So they're, they are the hot, pretty much, pretty damn close to the highest they've been in the last 800,000 years.

• 1:07:41Speaker 03

  Yeah. There's uh, one other place right here at 11C. Um, that was actually higher. You can actually see right here. For whatever reason, it might've been.

• 1:07:48Danny Jones?

  That's fucking terrifying dude, because those peaks don't last very long.

• 1:07:51Speaker 03

  Hey, you're, you're telling me? You just, you just got a, a climate change, uh, uh, uh, YouTube warning. Yeah, yeah. Yeah. They don't last very long and we've been in one for, you know, 10,000 years.

• 1:08:06Danny Jones?

  They last, it looks like they last like what? Like, like 40 years maybe?

• 1:08:10Speaker 03

  No, no, no. I mean, these are, I mean, these are, these are thousands of years.

• 1:08:14Danny Jones?

  Oh, those are thousands. Oh, that's a couple, like 40,000, 50,000 years.

• 1:08:17Speaker 03

  Yeah, but, but regardless, you're right. They don't last that long.

• 1:08:20Danny Jones?

  In the long, in the big picture, it's nothing.

• 1:08:22Speaker 03

  No, no. And in fact, we're, I, I think we're nearing the end of this one. And then, if you look at the historically, they go up, they go down, they go up, they go down. We have been up for 10,000 years. Completely off topic right now, but they, they're up for 10,000 years already. It's got to go back down. And then there's only one thing worse than global warming.

• 1:08:41Danny Jones?

  Global cooling.

• 1:08:41Speaker 03

  You got it. You got it. You can't feed, you can't feed eight billion people.

• 1:08:46Danny Jones?

  Right, no.

• 1:08:47Speaker 03

  With, with reduced growing seasons and things like that. So that's actually a huge problem and, and work. Everyone's freaking out.

• 1:08:53Danny Jones?

  Agriculture goes to shit.

• 1:08:55Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah, everybody's freaking out about the, the beach homes. Uh, when, when we gotta be worrying about feeding.

• 1:09:00Danny Jones?

  Right, right.

• 1:09:01Speaker 03

  So anyways, anyways, off topic.

• 1:09:03Danny Jones?

  That's terrifying.

• 1:09:04Speaker 03

  It is, it is. So, so, yeah, I, I think that we actually see evidence of, of these last few interglacials in the landscape. We do see evidence of it. They're actually well dated. You can actually see in this image right here, they, they have names. You've got the Pamlico, you've got the Talbot, you've got the, uh, uh, I can't remember how to say that one. Wicomico? Yeah, the Wicomico.

• 1:09:25Danny Jones?

  Wicomico.

• 1:09:26Speaker 03

  Yeah, I don't, yeah, the Talbot and the Pamlico are the ones that are important to me because they're the ones that happened here and here. Uh, and again, I think that the impact happened somewhere back here, or I, I, I'm leaning towards this as being a possible date, uh, from, from what Michael Davis and Tim Harrison.

• 1:09:40Danny Jones?

  Now, so, uh, does, does conventional science agree that all of the, like, what do they say the explanations are for all of these drops in climate?

• 1:09:50Speaker 03

  Okay, alright. Oh, for the drops in climate?

• 1:09:52Danny Jones?

  Like, for, for, for the, I mean, these crazy variations, these jumps and these fall, like, uh, like those vertical spikes.

• 1:09:58Speaker 03

  Yeah, so overall, it's the Milankovitch cycles. Overall, it's the Earth's place in space and, and, you know, where the Sun and the Earth are, right? So the Milankovitch cycles, you've got those three of them. You've got procession, that's the, uh, um, I'm sorry, east centricity is the, the shape that the Earth takes as it goes around the Sun, right?

• 1:10:15Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:10:15Speaker 03

  It's not a perfect circle. It does go more, more circular, but it's more of an oval.

• 1:10:20Danny Jones?

  Yes.

• 1:10:20Speaker 03

  It's more elliptical, actually.

• 1:10:21Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:10:21Speaker 03

  And, uh, so sometimes we're closer, sometimes we're farther away. That affects the climate. Um, the obliquity is the tilt of the axis.

• 1:10:28Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:10:28Speaker 03

  And, and so that's what gives us our seasons. That's what gives us, uh, you know, the winter. That's what gives us the summers, is the, is the shape. Uh, the, the tilt of the axis as we move around the Sun. Um, and so that tilt changes. It goes from like twenty-four and a half degrees to like twenty-two point one degrees. Right now, we're at twenty-three and a half degrees, but it's moving, you know, it does move. And, and the cycles are really long. Like, I think the, um, east centricity cycles are a hundred thousand year cycles. Um, the, um, the obliquity is.

• 1:10:57Speaker 03

  Forty one thousand year cycles, I believe.

• 1:10:59Danny Jones?

  Mm hmm.

• 1:11:00Speaker 03

  Um, and then you have the procession, which comes up a lot with like Randall Carlson's talks and things like that.

• 1:11:05Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:11:06Speaker 03

  That's the great year wobble. That's the wobble of the earth as it's, as it's, as its axis is.

• 1:11:11Danny Jones?

  Just like twenty six thousand years or something like that.

• 1:11:13Speaker 03

  Yeah, now it's twenty six thousand years.

• 1:11:14Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:11:15Speaker 03

  Um, so, so those three things together, sometimes you're a little bit closer or sometimes you're a little bit farther away while the angle's far.

• 1:11:21Danny Jones?

  And how much of a variation in temperature is that from the very peak of the spike to the very bottom of it?

• 1:11:26Speaker 03

  Um, I'm not sure. It's usually, I usually hear it's like twenty, twenty degrees difference.

• 1:11:31Danny Jones?

  Twenty degrees difference.

• 1:11:32Speaker 03

  But that's a big deal, you know?

• 1:11:33Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:11:33Speaker 03

  You drop twenty degrees and I think that's usually Celsius. So that's gonna be like a really big deal.

• 1:11:37Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:11:38Speaker 03

  Um, but so anyways, when this happens, we end up with these, when the sea levels are higher, we end up with shorelines. Uh, you know, the beach, the beach that was formed during that interglacial. And, uh, we end up with a series of beaches as we go up from the current beach down here up to like the, the beach that was formed two hundred, uh, twenty million years ago or something like that. And so you end up with all of these different scarp's and these different, uh, ancient barrier islands. And what really got me was, uh, looking at images like this and, and it was actually, I, I came about this with a discussion I was having with Michael Davis. Um, because he was trying to tell, this is back when I used to think that this was a Younger Dryas event.

• 1:12:16Danny Jones?

  Mm hmm.

• 1:12:17Speaker 03

  Um, he was, he was explaining that East Carolina bays are really well ingrained into the, uh, environment themselves. And that they, they maintain that shape really easily for a really long period of time. And, uh, and then he would use the term that it's because the coastal plain is pool table flat all the way to the beach. And, and I was like, Michael, it's, it's not pool table flat. Where I live in coastal Georgia, we have ancient barrier islands. Like you literally go up twenty meters and then, you know, you're up on the sandhill and there's whole another ecology there. There's a whole different type of ecosystem. And I went, I pulled up his images. I went to Google Earth and, and pulled up his image. And when I clicked over to the LiDAR to show him, what I really noticed is where you don't find the Carolina Bays. Where they're missing, right?

• 1:13:02Speaker 03

  You find the Carolina Bays on the tops of those ancient barrier islands, but you don't find them below them.

• 1:13:08Danny Jones?

  So where, where are they here?

• 1:13:09Speaker 03

  All these red dots. This is, this is panned way out. But again, this was, the reason why I'm using this right here is because this is actually from a, a field trip guide for geology class for Valdosta State University. And so they would actually take a group of students to the beach on Sapporo Island. I usually spent about a week on Sapporo every summer helping grad students. So I'm very familiar with Sapporo Island. There's actually a really cool shell ring, like right here. Shell minnum from the Native Americans that lived there.

• 1:13:39Danny Jones?

  Oh, really?

• 1:13:39Speaker 03

  Like, yeah, like older than the Egyptian pyramids. It's really cool. Yeah, yeah, really old. And it's right, it's like right there. So anyways, he would take a crew here. They would check out the, you know, the erosion and how the beach forms. You would look at the dunes and the, you know, the different types of ecosystems as you go across the barrier island. And then he would, they would get back on the ferry. The ferry would take you back over here to Meridian. And they would drive and they would stop at these different places. And this was one of their stops. It was like right here. You had to stop one right there. And that was the ancient barrier island. So when I click on the button, you know, that's the barrier island that was formed 125,000 years ago. You go back up, this is the barrier island that was formed 400,000 years ago.

• 1:14:21Speaker 03

  And so you end up having this like timeframe of, of when sea levels were higher and where those Carolina, or where those, where those beaches formed. And again, you find these red dots. Those are Michael Davis tagged those. Again, if you look a little bit closer, here's, this is actually up closer than Myrtle Beach.

• 1:14:40Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 1:14:41Speaker 03

  And this is that first picture I showed you of the black and white one. This is that area today. Um, and you can see these well-defined Carolina bays uh that are up here in this area. This is actually a preserve now, so, so there's no construction, there's no golf courses being built here and like that. It's all, it's all wildlife habitat. Uh, whereas all of this down here has been like really worked over with, with um urbanization. But, but what I like about this area is that where the beach is right now, the last beach was right above it. Like the, the last time. And when you click on the LiDAR, you can see like all of these bays right here. This is the highest point on this map. You actually, you're kind of going up and then back down right here.

• 1:15:24Danny Jones?

  Uh huh.

• 1:15:25Speaker 03

  And then you go back up and then you go way up and then you go back down and then back down. So it's, you're going up and then back and I can't remember what river this is back here. There's a big river back there. Um, so this whole area right here was a barrier island 400,000 years ago. This is where we find the most well-defined Carolina bays in this picture as well, right? So all of these are really well-defined.

• 1:15:45Danny Jones?

  Mm-hmm.

• 1:15:46Speaker 03

  The last, so, so a million years ago, this whole area was, was underwater. A million years ago is when we had um the Penna Holloway uh scarp form. So, and that's, that's like 70 meters or 70 feet above the current shoreline.

• 1:16:01Danny Jones?

  What is that? The Penna Holloway?

• 1:16:03Speaker 03

  The Penna Holloway is the, the beach from a million years ago. So it was the barrier islands that are formed 1 million years ago are called the Penna Holloway.

• 1:16:11Danny Jones?

  And it was super hot then, so there was no, not much ice.

• 1:16:14Speaker 03

  Uh, yeah, I mean, yeah, yeah, definitely sea levels were higher, so it was a lot warmer. And like I said, sea levels were, were way up during that time.

• 1:16:20Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 1:16:22Speaker 03

  But that also means that all of this area was underwater.

• 1:16:24Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:16:25Speaker 03

  And, and so everything that you see in the landscape has to be younger than a million years, which is good. That gives us a baseline, you know, to.

• 1:16:31Danny Jones?

  So none of that stuff would survive under, under the ocean for 100,000 years?

• 1:16:37Speaker 03

  The Carolina bays?

• 1:16:37Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:16:38Speaker 03

  No, I don't think so.

• 1:16:38Danny Jones?

  No?

• 1:16:39Speaker 03

  No, no, no. As a matter of fact, I don't think that they survived the interglacials. And that's kind of the point is that whenever the sea levels rose and formed those shorelines, that erased the Carolina bays.

• 1:16:48Danny Jones?

  God.

• 1:16:48Speaker 03

  Cause you gotta remember, like right now, we, this is the beach, you know, you surf, right?

• 1:16:52Danny Jones?

  Yep.

• 1:16:53Speaker 03

  So, you know, the wave action is pretty constant, right? You have tides that come in and out every single day. You've got waves that are constantly lapping up on the beach. And you've got things like long shore drift that's constantly moving the sand down the beach.

• 1:17:06Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:17:07Speaker 03

  So whenever the shorelines, whenever the beaches, whenever the oceans rise up to this point, there's all kinds of erosion here. Right. And it's just flat. It's just flat sand, right?

• 1:17:15Danny Jones?

  Got it.

• 1:17:16Speaker 03

  So, so the last one was here and I can actually, here's where I marked it. Um, this right here was a barrier island 125,000 years ago. All of this was exposed, but this was a back bay. This was where you would find like the intercoastal today.

• 1:17:31Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 1:17:31Speaker 03

  Right. And so this is wiped clean from 125,000 years ago. But I also think from 400,000 years ago, when this was a barrier island. And this was the upper part of that barrier island.

• 1:17:44Danny Jones?

  So that has been above sea level for at least 400,000 years.

• 1:17:48Speaker 03

  That has, this has been above sea level for a million years.

• 1:17:51Danny Jones?

  A million.

• 1:17:51Speaker 03

  Yeah, the shoreline, well, the, the regression that took place a million years ago, left that all, everything dry. Right. And then the last time it happened was 400,000 years ago. This was still a barrier island during that time. And then 125,000 years ago, all of this was exposed, including this right here.

• 1:18:09Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 1:18:09Speaker 03

  Yeah. So like, for instance, like this area right here on the very top.

• 1:18:12Danny Jones?

  Yep.

• 1:18:13Speaker 03

  It's in blue. Um, I think that this was, these were underwater 100, uh, 400,000 years ago. But this barrier island protected them. Uh, and, and this was a marsh. I think this is like a salt marsh.

• 1:18:28Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 1:18:29Speaker 03

  And, and so a really easy way to check for this, and we just need somebody to go out and do it. Uh, is to do some core samples in here. And if there's marsh mud in the middle of all these, then that's, I mean, that shows that they were there when that marsh was there.

• 1:18:42Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:18:43Speaker 03

  400,000 years ago.

• 1:18:44Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:18:44Speaker 03

  And that's huge because again, that's older than all the dates that have been coming up so far. Like even the, the convent, we didn't even get into the conventional creation of these Carolina bays. Uh, but theirs is, you know. They would have happened between the last ice age like like 1200 years ago to about 100,000 years ago. They say that during that time during the last ice age cycle was when all of these Carolina bays were formed. I'm saying that this shows that they're older than that. Like they're older than even the what the radiocarbon dates are coming back with or what the um what the uh uh optically stimmed stimulated luminescence dates are coming back with. This shows that they're older than that. And so they then they would have to be older than that. And if you know they're

• 1:19:26Speaker 03

  they're being worn away by those rise rising seas during that time.

• 1:19:30Danny Jones?

  How far south do they go? What's the southernmost Carolina Bay?

• 1:19:33Speaker 03

  Um, I find them close to where I live. Um, they they get really sparse as you get farther down into Georgia, but you do find some. Um, there's some around like Sylvester, Georgia. You the the first one I ever heard of was in Valdosta, Georgia, and that's that's right. It's like, what? Maybe two hours north of here?

• 1:19:50Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 1:19:51Speaker 03

  Three hours north of here?

• 1:19:51Danny Jones?

  No, it's definitely more than three hours. Sal Dosta.

• 1:19:54Speaker 03

  Right. It's right on the it's right on the Georgia border.

• 1:19:56Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 1:19:56Speaker 03

  If you go right up 75, you go right through Valdosta.

• 1:19:58Danny Jones?

  Yeah, I don't know how fucking fast you drive. That's like five hours for me.

• 1:20:01Speaker 03

  Is it? So, um, anyways, right, right when you cross the border, it does get confusing and it was part of that that pseudo Carolina Bay thing because that part of Florida, you go through all of those sinkholes. Like, it's all karst topography. And so you have a bunch of sinkholes. Uh, and and so a lot of the geologists would mix the Carolina Bays in with being karst. Like, there's actually like karst sinkholes under the ground. And that's that's what formed them. But this whole area shows that that's not that's not right.

• 1:20:28Danny Jones?

  Okay.

• 1:20:29Speaker 03

  Um, but where I first heard about Carolina Bays was in Valdosta because they have a uh a Carolina Bay there called Grand Bay.

• 1:20:37Danny Jones?

  Mm hmm.

• 1:20:37Speaker 03

  Uh, and you can add, so really, it's a wildlife management area. So and they have a really pretty boardwalk. Um, and, uh, you know, the reason why they call them Carolina Bays.

• 1:20:48Speaker 03

  Has nothing to do with water, has nothing to do with like a bay in a, you know, on a coast or something like that.

• 1:20:54Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:20:54Speaker 03

  It's, they call them Carolina bays because of the bay trees that grow within them. Bay, is there like, like Old Bay that you would use in like crab oil and stuff like that?

• 1:21:03Danny Jones?

  Yeah, yeah, yeah.

• 1:21:04Speaker 03

  That's, that's where those plants grow is in, in these Carolina bays.

• 1:21:07Danny Jones?

  Oh, really?

• 1:21:07Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 1:21:07Danny Jones?

  Why do they grow in there?

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• 1:22:06Speaker 03

  I mean, it's just a low swampy area, so.

• 1:22:09Danny Jones?

  They grow there.

• 1:22:09Speaker 03

  Yeah, and it's not all of them, obviously, you know, I showed you million, or thousands of them that don't have bays in them, but the ones that do hold water usually do have. It's, they're low oxygen, there's low, you know, not a lot of flow to it. And so it's a really good place for them to grow. You also find some really cool carnivorous plants in a lot of these. If you go like in North Carolina and Virginia, you're gonna find like the Venus flytraps. That's cool.

• 1:22:32Danny Jones?

  Really?

• 1:22:32Speaker 03

  Yeah, if you go to like the ones in South Georgia, you can find a lot of pitcher plants, which are just swampy plants anyways, but they really like the Carolina Bay habitats. Yeah, the ecology in the Carolina Bays are fascinating.

• 1:22:41Danny Jones?

  Carnivorous plants, what a, what an interesting.

• 1:22:44Speaker 03

  Yeah, like the soil is so poor that they have to like trap bugs to get the nourishment that they need, so.

• 1:22:50Danny Jones?

  That's so wild, man. I would love to see a Venus flytrap. I don't think I've ever seen one in real life.

• 1:22:58Speaker 03

  Yeah, you can buy them, you can, I think we bought one at Lowe's.

• 1:23:00Danny Jones?

  What?

• 1:23:01Speaker 03

  Yeah, they had them, they had them for sale. Yeah.

• 1:23:04Danny Jones?

  We need to get a Venus flytrap for the studio, Steve.

• 1:23:06Speaker 05

  Utilitarian plant at Lowe's.

• 1:23:08Danny Jones?

  Oh, my God, that would be so cool. Eat all the flies in here.

• 1:23:14Speaker 03

  So um, let's go and talk about the uh, the uh, current like academic hypothesis for these Carolina Bays. Again, because I, I do think, you know, that they are, they have a cosmic origin. Like, I think that there was an event. Looking at the evidence, um, and, and what's interesting is, you know, you've got these two guys. You've got Michael Davis and Tim Harris, and you've got Antonio Zamora. Um, and they're just, they're two completely different hypotheses. And uh, Michael Davis thinks that it wasn't chunks of ice, but that it was like a cavitated ejecta regolith blanket or something where.

• 1:23:47Danny Jones?

  A who?

• 1:23:47Speaker 03

  Uh, yeah, exactly. So, so an asteroid hit the ice sheet and, and just a blanket of, of sand and water and, and, and ice just kind of washed over and away from the impact site. And then it was, and it was more like, um, like, you know, like, uh, paint bubbles, like when you're painting and it pops and you end up with a, like, an elliptical shape.

• 1:24:07Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:24:07Speaker 03

  Uh, he thinks that that's what formed the Carolina Bays. I, I, to me, I don't think you would get like that, um, that precise with the ellipt, you know, the elliptical shape of them, uh, if that were the case. So I think it's a combination of two of those. I think that it's, you know, Antonio Zamora is more on board, or I'm more on board with his hypothesis of, of the actual ice chunks crashing down.

• 1:24:28Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:24:28Speaker 03

  Uh, at least, at least the outer edge. Obviously, I think the, uh, middle part of where this would have happened completely vaporized, but it would have been the edges that came, you know, coming out, it came crashing away, and then came, came down onto the ground that formed that. But what, again, I think there's a lot of evidence that suggests that the timeframe has to be a lot older. Uh, and, and, um, Tim Harrison and, um, and Michael Davis have a, a pretty good idea of that mid Pleistocene, because something big happened during that time. Uh, and it hasn't been, it hasn't been solved. And, and so we have two mysteries now. Because keep, you know, there's no, make, make, make no mistake about it. You know, the Carolina Bays are a mystery. Like, they, we really don't know. Even, even the academic scientists will tell you, you know, well, we're really not sure. This is our best hypothesis, right?

• 1:25:12Speaker 03

  Uh, and so when you start looking at all of the different hypotheses, you know, you gotta start, you know, pulling and taking what you can from those to kind of get a better picture. Um, right now, they think that the Carolina Bays were formed um by wind and water. I mean, basically, it's it's an Aeolian-Licustrian hypothesis. Uh, and and sometimes they add other things to like a like a solution, the dissolved uh solution underneath there and water tables that rise and fall and things like that. But but really, you know, right now, the the dominant academic hypothesis, pretty much, uh, you know, being used by guys like Christopher Moore,

• 1:25:48Speaker 03

  uh, Dr. Moore is um, is that it was wind and water, that the glaciers themselves were just blowing air off the glacier across the the northern uh North American coastal plain.

• 1:25:58Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:25:59Speaker 03

  And all of the Carolina Bays would have been ponds and and it would have been swirling these ponds into these perfect ellipses and then they just stopped. Um, that's that's what they think and and it actually all goes back to a guy um named Ray Kowziewski. Um, he was a geology um PhD candidate uh somewhere in in the Carolinas. And um, actually probably says it right there.

• 1:26:27Speaker 03

  No, it doesn't say it. Anyways, uh, he um, in nineteen seventy-seven, he put together a a PhD dissertation. Uh, where he got a sand table, uh, kinda like what we're what we have right here, but it would be full of sand. He made a bowl-shaped depression in the middle of it, filled that bowl-shaped depression with water and then took a fan and blew it across the water in one direction for fifteen minutes.

• 1:26:52Danny Jones?

  Mm-hmm.

• 1:26:53Speaker 03

  Went to the other side of the table and blew it across the opposite direction for fifteen minutes. He did that for four hours.

• 1:26:58Danny Jones?

  Wow.

• 1:26:59Speaker 03

  Well, I mean, I, to be honest, I don't know why, like, I don't know what he was trying to achieve because, you know, that's there. Wind doesn't work like that, you know, well, I I the only reason I could think that he would like take the the sand and go back and forth like that is to show like seasonal variation of winds.

• 1:27:16Danny Jones?

  Maybe.

• 1:27:17Speaker 03

  Maybe. I don't I don't I really don't know.

• 1:27:18Danny Jones?

  Still interesting.

• 1:27:19Speaker 03

  Well, it is interesting, but this is what he got, like this image right here uh is is what he got at the end of this experiment. Uh, and he made a really cool oriented lake and I showed you images of oriented lakes earlier. Uh, and and his, what he was trying to do in his dissertation was to prove that the Carolina Bays were oriented lakes. And to prove it, he he took this bowl shape of water and created this football shape. Um, now from the very beginning, I mean, he started with a bowl shape depression full of water. Mm-hmm. Um, you know, that's, that's what a crater is. I mean, if you take a perfectly round bowl shape, I mean, you look at the moon, it's full of craters. Yeah. Full of bowl-shaped depressions. Then he filled it with water and then blew air across it back and forth, you know, for, for four hours. Right.

• 1:28:05Speaker 03

  It's...

• 1:28:07Speaker 03

  There's so many variables, like environmental variables, that are left out of this explanation, uh, that it just, it baffles me that this is still... Like, this right here is like the, the go-to for Carolina Bay hypotheses for the academic hypothesis. Um, you know, 1977 dissertation that was never peer-reviewed, it was never published anywhere, you know, went into some guy's office. And, uh, they gave him his PhD. He went on to become a, uh, oil and gas, uh, geologist. Oh, really? I think in Texas, never went back to Carolina Bays, never wrote another paper. That was it. And, and this is what they used. In fact, Christopher Moore has a paper. Uh, it was actually a, a presentation that he put together for a, a conference titled Kazeworski Was Right.

• 1:28:52Speaker 03

  And, and he had this whole thing about, you know, how wind and water and things like that were, were, they call it catabatic winds, that the winds were blowing off the glaciers. The, the, the air above a glacier is really cold and is dense, and so it blows off the glacier in, in a direction away from the glacier. Uh, and he's saying it's those winds that went over those ponds to form those perfect ellipses. Right. And he's done a lot of work on, on a specific bay called Herndon Bay. Uh, and he went through and did a bunch of, you know, uh, OSL dating and things like that on Herndon Bay. Yeah. They actually think that Herndon Bay has migrated, um, that it actually started here and had migrated to this point right here. Uh, it's all, it's all in that paper. Mm-hmm.

• 1:29:37Speaker 03

  Um, the problem is, again, when you start looking at it, so here's Herndon Bay right here, this is using Google Earth, you can see I pinned Herndon Bay in the middle. This is the one that they did, they've done all those studies on, right? Okay. Uh, and again, a only in Lacustrine, that this had to be, been a pond and had to have been a pond for so long that wind and water had blown it into a perfect ellipse. Uh, that, that would have had to take thousands of years, and then it stopped and then it was a perfect ellipse. But when you look at the LIDAR...

• 1:30:07Speaker 03

  If that's true, then it has to be true for all of them. It can't, you can't just pick one. You know, it has to be every single one of those would have had to have been lakes. Again, this is all farmland today. This is all high and dry. These are rivers. These are all rivers of the past, but when you click on the LiDAR, you see how many or how extensive these Carolina bays are and they all have this, like I said, using that Lee Squares method, we can go on and we can pick points all around this rim.

• 1:30:33Danny Jones?

  Yeah, it's interesting, isn't it, man? It's super, it's super compelling, you know, especially, you know, I know you said you don't think it's from the Younger Dryas, but um, it's interesting to me how um, you know, conventional science and academia has not sort of done more research into the Younger Dryas hypothesis and tried to either validate it or invalidate it.

• 1:30:54Speaker 03

  Yeah, that's, and that's the whole point, like that's the whole reason why I got into this. Back in 2015, I got, I got a master's degree in geoscience. Um, I started a, a, like I wanted to teach a college level geology class. Uh, I don't, the timing was ironic because that's also the same time that um, Randall Carlson first went on with like Joe Rogan and uh, and, and you know, I was like, hold on, you know, and he started talking about, you know, a lot of things that made a lot of sense about the Younger Dryas. And I was like, so I started focusing on the, and that's kind of why I went back to the Carolina bays at that time. And then, you know, here we are today talking about them. Um, but yeah, I, I definitely think that this was a catastrophic event, that these were all created at the same time. Um, and uh, you know, now, like I said, I do have

• 1:31:39Speaker 03

  the credentials, you know, I have the background now. I've, I've, I've taken, for some of these guys, I have taken more college level geology classes than any of them. Uh, you know, like I said, I have, I have two minors from, from Thalassus State University. That's where I went to school. That's where I first saw that first Grand Bay. Uh, and even then, back then, I asked someone, I was like, well, how did, you know, how did it form this ellipse? Because you really, when you first go to Grand Bay, you go to the top of this tower, it's like a hundred foot high and you could just see the whole swamp all the way around. It's really kind of neat. And it looks like it's circular. And I remember asking the professor, I was like, you know, how did this form so, you know, such a neat circle? And he's like, well, it's actually an ellipse. And, and uh, he told me all. All about the wind in the water hypothesis and things like that. I was like, really? And he said, but there is also this other hypothesis. This was back in the year. This was 2000.

• 1:32:23Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:32:24Speaker 03

  You know?

• 1:32:24Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:32:24Speaker 03

  And, and it's really interesting because I got interested in it. I went to the internet, which back then it wasn't Google. I can't remember what it was, but um, I Googled or I, or I typed in Carolina Bays. And it actually brought up George Howard's website that he talked to you about on his show.

• 1:32:38Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:32:39Speaker 03

  And so I, I read, I read his paper on, on Carolina Bays. And then I kind of, like I said, I kind of didn't really think about it. I just always thought they were kind of neat. And then back in 2015, I got back into it hardcore.

• 1:32:49Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:32:49Speaker 03

  And it was because of papers like this 1977. I'm, I'm, I was born in 77. So 47 years ago, that paper was written. And that is the backbone. That is the bottom, bottom assumption on a whole stack of assumptions that's been built on top of it. And I think it's way incorrect. I think that there is, there's way too many environmental variables.

• 1:33:11Danny Jones?

  You do a peer review on it?

• 1:33:12Speaker 03

  Uh, it was, it was never published. So, yeah, it wasn't a published paper. So you can't do a peer review on a published paper that's never been published.

• 1:33:20Danny Jones?

  Has anyone, has, has anyone, you were, I mean, George has published papers on this, right?

• 1:33:24Speaker 03

  Uh, yeah. Um, I don't know about Carolina Bays. He's published a lot of papers on, on, uh, the Younger Dryas.

• 1:33:29Danny Jones?

  Oh, okay.

• 1:33:29Speaker 03

  And then that's again, to be quite honest, like I said, it's, I was totally on board with these Carolina Bays being part of the Younger Dryas story. Um, I, I was on board with some more ideas. I was like, man, I think this is right. I think this is what's happening. Um, uh, Carlson was connecting the Carolina Bays to the Younger Dryas. That's why I got him involved with it. George was, uh, again, I'm kind of, I'm kind of the odd man out now, you know? Cause I'm like, I don't think that they are guys, you know, and I'm showing you why.

• 1:33:55Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:33:56Speaker 03

  You know, but I get a lot of pushback, you know?

• 1:33:58Danny Jones?

  It'd be convenient if it was Younger Dryas, right? It'd be a lot more fun.

• 1:34:00Speaker 03

  Oh, you're not even kidding, man. Like, it felt like somebody punched me right in the stomach. When I, when I, when I was showing Michael Davis that and I saw where they weren't, like there were none of them below that.

• 1:34:09Danny Jones?

  Right, right.

• 1:34:10Speaker 03

  That shoreline. I was like, ooh. Like, actually I had to go on earlier today because my last video during that time, uh, that, because I do have a YouTube channel. It's called The Dabbler's Den. And, uh, the last video I, I put out was in October and, and that's when I found those paleo Atlantic shorelines. And I was so. Sick to myself.

• 1:34:26Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:34:27Speaker 03

  That I didn't post another video until like February.

• 1:34:29Danny Jones?

  That's good, man. Good for you.

• 1:34:30Speaker 03

  Yeah, I had to take.

• 1:34:31Danny Jones?

  Most people would just, you know, grift would just continue with the grift and just try to like keep letting.

• 1:34:35Speaker 03

  I caught myself doing that. I actually caught myself. I made a video about about um Michael Davis. It's actually called the Delmarva conundrum. Because you actually actually have a picture of it. You have um you have what I'm talking about, these shorelines in the um Delmarva Peninsula of, you know, Delaware, Maryland and and uh Virginia. So here here, so this is part of the Delmarva Peninsula. And um again, it's all farmland now. You you actually have this highway that runs up in the middle of it.

• 1:35:10Danny Jones?

  Oh, wow.

• 1:35:10Speaker 03

  But it's it's beautiful farmland. If you've ever driven up this way, it's it's really pretty.

• 1:35:15Danny Jones?

  And where is this?

• 1:35:16Speaker 03

  This is uh this is the Chesapeake Bay right here.

• 1:35:19Danny Jones?

  Okay, got it.

• 1:35:19Speaker 03

  This is the Atlantic Ocean. This is actually like the Outer Banks area.

• 1:35:22Danny Jones?

  Got it.

• 1:35:22Speaker 03

  Um so and and you know, they got the Chesapeake Bay Tunnel. I don't know if you've ever driven up that way, but they got a tunnel.

• 1:35:27Danny Jones?

  Yeah, I've been through it.

• 1:35:28Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah. And so you come back up farther down. But what's really neat about it, again, when you click on it, you can see where the Carolina bays are.

• 1:35:37Danny Jones?

  Mm hmm.

• 1:35:37Speaker 03

  They're all right down this central peak. Now, remember this, you gotta kind of get used to the colors, right?

• 1:35:43Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:35:43Speaker 03

  So blue is sea level, and then as you go up, the colors change. And then this next blue is 10 meters up, right? So this is low, this is high, then back down low, right?

• 1:35:55Danny Jones?

  It's confusing as hell.

• 1:35:56Speaker 03

  It is. Well, you get used to it, I promise.

• 1:35:58Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:35:59Speaker 03

  So, yeah, because some people look at this and they think it looks like a valley, but it's actually the peak of Delmarva Peninsula. That's why the highway's there.

• 1:36:05Danny Jones?

  So it's at only the highest parts. And then it's at the red part, too.

• 1:36:08Speaker 03

  Okay, so here, this is where it gets interesting because, uh again, the the way that I'm looking at this, the hypothesis would be that the sea levels rose and washed the bays away, and then it went away, right? And so basically, there's kind of like a rule that you don't find Carolina bays below 30 feet in elevation because that's how high the sea levels rose 125,000 years ago. 30 feet higher than today, right? And then the sea level's dropped. Uh, so you shouldn't find any Carolina bays below thirty feet. But we do find some like right here, right? Now, what I found was interesting, and again, I call this the exception to the rule, is that this whole area is subsiding. This whole area, the whole Delmarva Peninsula is actually sinking. It's slowly sinking.

• 1:36:52Speaker 03

  It could be, it could be isostatic rebound. It could be just tectonics, whatever. Uh, but it's slowly, I mean, really slow. It's, it's measurable. You can, you know, they, they do studies on this. Um, a lot of it has to do with the extraction of fresh water and it's causing it to sink.

• 1:37:07Danny Jones?

  Oh, really?

• 1:37:08Speaker 03

  Yeah, I mean, that's, that's kind of speeding it up a little bit.

• 1:37:10Danny Jones?

  Hmm.

• 1:37:11Speaker 03

  But, so you do find Carolina bays that are a little bit lower. My point of bringing this up, though, was, um, I was arguing with Michael Davis about this, and, and I caught myself drifting because I was like, you know, oh, this, this could have been like a, a major flood or something at the Younger Dryas that caused it, and I have a video about it. And I was like, I, I had to go back later. I was like, that's, that's not what happened, man. This was the ocean came up. The ocean came up, washed this stuff away, and, and, and the whole area has been sinking since then.

• 1:37:39Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:37:40Speaker 03

  Yeah, you also find areas like, um, Charleston, they're actually rising too. So this is another exception to the rule. You find areas around Charleston, South Carolina, uh, where you should find Carolina bays if they were formed at any time in the past.

• 1:37:52Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:37:52Speaker 03

  Uh, especially at the Younger Dryas, because this whole area was high and dry during the Younger Dryas. So you should find Carolina bays all over this, this area of South Carolina.

• 1:38:03Danny Jones?

  But they're not there?

• 1:38:04Speaker 03

  No, when you click on it, you'll see, like, there's some at the very highest points.

• 1:38:07Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:38:07Speaker 03

  Like, there's a couple really nice ones right there and a couple up here. Um, all of this area, you should be able to see them. These are actually, all this area is higher than thirty feet. So we should even see them if, if they were formed four hundred thou- or, you know, seven hundred, eight thousand years ago.

• 1:38:21Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:38:22Speaker 03

  But I think what happened was, when you, when you push the timeframe back to the mid Pleistocene, that allows for a tremendous amount of time for geology to take place, you know? Rising and falling of seas and things like that, and tectonic uplift, and that's what's happening here, is, um, they have, this area's slowly but surely being lifted up. Um, they have earthquakes, or Charleston's well-known for having earthquakes. Uh, and so that, that whole area's been lifting up, and, and this, we should see Carolina bays here, but they're not because it's slowly rising.

• 1:38:52Danny Jones?

  Hmm.

• 1:38:53Speaker 03

  So.

• 1:38:54Danny Jones?

  Interesting, man.

• 1:38:55Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 1:38:57Speaker 03

  Yep.

• 1:38:58Danny Jones?

  Can you imagine if we had one day some sort of like chat GPT they could travel through time and tell us what was going on?

• 1:39:03Speaker 03

  Hey, that'll be awesome.

• 1:39:04Danny Jones?

  It's gonna happen. It's gotta happen.

• 1:39:05Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 1:39:06Speaker 05

  I got a question.

• 1:39:07Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 1:39:08Speaker 05

  So can't you uh run it through a simulation like like propose a give like make a computer

• 1:39:17Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 1:39:17Speaker 05

  simulate like an ice impact instead of a rock?

• 1:39:21Speaker 03

  You could. Yeah, you can. There's a guy out there. Um, he's he's uh not very known at all. Like, he's just some guy on the I don't even know what he does, but he's really really good at computer animation and and using those. I'm terrible at computer programming stuff. I I I'm awful at it. Uh, but he's been putting together um simulations of of an impact and what would happen and then um I can't remember his name is it's DS. I always have to go back and look at it. Um, he's got a YouTube channel and you could probably probably click on it.

• 1:39:51Speaker 05

  Mm hmm.

• 1:39:52Speaker 03

  Um, and the problem is he's he took a bunch off too.

• 1:39:55Speaker 05

  Yeah.

• 1:39:55Speaker 03

  He had a bunch of really cool stuff and then people started like checking it out and then he took it off.

• 1:40:01Danny Jones?

  Why the hell would you take it off?

• 1:40:02Speaker 03

  I don't know. Here, here's a good representation of it.

• 1:40:06Speaker 05

  Like you could also simulate the wind like that dude's dissertation and and and.

• 1:40:12Speaker 03

  Oh, oh, I see what you're saying. Yeah.

• 1:40:13Speaker 05

  You can disprove or prove the wind as well.

• 1:40:16Danny Jones?

  Yeah, definitely.

• 1:40:17Speaker 03

  Yeah. Yeah. So what I now what he was what he was discussing was the impact uh would go through the ice and the explosion itself would come from the bottom. And so the the ice cap itself is is exploding from the bottom of the impact and the ice is spread that way. And so it's kind of a neat.

• 1:40:33Danny Jones?

  Oh, okay.

• 1:40:34Speaker 03

  Yeah, it's kind of a neat way that he's kind of going about it. Again, I have no idea what he's using and how he's doing it.

• 1:40:39Speaker 05

  Mm hmm.

• 1:40:40Speaker 03

  But it is. They are neat simulations on how how to do that. And you're and you're right, Steve. You know, there there should be ways that you could, you know, go through and find what would have to happen, you know, what exact criteria would you need to make perfect lipo's with wind and water like that? Um, and, and I, again, uh, what I tell, you know, some people that are arguing about it. I'm like, you know, do you, if you had like as unlimited resources and, and had a lab and you can, you know, do you think that you can make a perfect lips with, with wind and water?

• 1:41:11Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:41:12Speaker 03

  And even if you did, could you make another one right next to it? And can you make three or four of them side by side? And then take your whole experiment, take it outside. Are you gonna be able to get the same thing? And, and you know, the, the variables that go into, to one of these, um, you know, one of these experiments is, there's just so many things that could happen to change. I mean, everything from like the soil type, um, you know, the vegetation, all of that would be a variable that would give you a different, that's, that's, you know, one of the main things we teach about in, in, in school is, you know, the scientific method and then using the scientific method. And, uh, you have to account for your variables and, and that's wasn't done. And they haven't really touched it since 1977. Now I can go to the beach today, we can go right now, uh, go back down to, uh, Indian Rocks and, uh,

• 1:41:57Danny Jones?

  Yup.

• 1:41:57Speaker 03

  And, and kick some water right out of the ocean onto the ground. And we, within two seconds, we can make Carolina bays.

• 1:42:05Danny Jones?

  Hmm, that's interesting. Yeah, man, it looks just like that.

• 1:42:09Speaker 03

  Yep. Well, I mean, we can go, I mean, the, the substrate's the same. It's, it's sand, you know, the coastal plain is mostly sandy.

• 1:42:15Danny Jones?

  The dude, I mean, the people who have researched this in the past though, it's not likely that they were like multidisciplinary where they like studied the cosmos.

• 1:42:21Speaker 03

  Right, right.

• 1:42:22Danny Jones?

  Or like the history of like meteor streams.

• 1:42:24Speaker 03

  Right, even Kozlowski went on to become an oil scientist.

• 1:42:27Danny Jones?

  Yeah, like we have the luxury today to like, watch all these amazing YouTube videos and listen to Randall Carlson for hours, talk about all this, you know, wildly interesting shit.

• 1:42:36Speaker 03

  Right.

• 1:42:37Danny Jones?

  That these guys had no access to, you know?

• 1:42:39Speaker 03

  Yeah, back then.

• 1:42:40Danny Jones?

  When they, when they came up with their ideas, right?

• 1:42:42Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah, yeah. I think if they just had LIDAR, if they just had LIDAR.

• 1:42:45Danny Jones?

  Yeah.

• 1:42:45Speaker 03

  They would look at that, like, I don't know why when LIDAR became like accessible, why every geologist on the planet didn't come back and look at these Carolina bays and be like, hold up guys, we gotta go back and reexamine these because there's no way wind and water created these. There's no, it's impossible, it's impossible.

• 1:43:01Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:43:01Speaker 03

  And that's a hard word, you know, when you say something's impossible. There is no chance that this could have happened 70 plus thousand times. If you go to Wikipedia, by the way, they say there's half a million of them.

• 1:43:12Danny Jones?

  Oh, really?

• 1:43:12Speaker 03

  There's not, there's not, you know, it's just, this, it's, it needs to be reexamined, it needs to be, it needs to be, you know, put into geology books. It's not even, I've got a- A slide here of a handful of geology and earth science books that I have access to in my own classroom. And not one mention of Carolina Bays.

• 1:43:29Danny Jones?

  Really?

• 1:43:30Speaker 03

  Not even one, not even one. If you go to a, you know, a university. Um, my, my graduate level books, not one mention of Carolina Bays, and they are so dominant, man. They are so everywhere and, and nobody talks about them. People live in the middle of them, have no clue that they're there.

• 1:43:45Danny Jones?

  Right.

• 1:43:46Speaker 03

  And, and it's, I think there's a really neat story there. I think there's a really neat story that needs to be finished.

• 1:43:51Danny Jones?

  Yeah, man.

• 1:43:51Speaker 03

  And it's not.

• 1:43:52Danny Jones?

  Yeah, it's totally fascinating. It's totally, and it needs more attention on it, which, you know, you're doing a great job of getting the word out, you and Randall and, and George.

• 1:43:59Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 1:44:00Danny Jones?

  And, uh, you know, hopefully we can get some people to start digging into this.

• 1:44:04Speaker 03

  Mm-hmm. Yeah, that's the goal. That has been the goal from the beginning. I'm not the guy, like I, I, I'm not the one that, I'm a, I'm a huge introvert. I, I, there's gonna be people that I work with that are gonna see this episode and they're gonna be like, dude, I had no idea you were into that. I'm serious, I'm serious. And, uh, you know, I, I'm not the guy to be, to be doing this. I want to see grad students. I want to see, you know, new geology professors. I want those, that's my, that's been my target audience from the beginning of doing this. You know, I, I wasn't about growing a YouTube channel. It wasn't about, you know, going off to do conferences with, uh, with Randall and those guys, which is awesome. It's been a really neat, you know, side, you know, side event, but.

• 1:44:42Danny Jones?

  Yeah, dude, that, that event is what was wild. That was really cool to see all those people.

• 1:44:46Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 1:44:46Danny Jones?

  All those people get together and, uh.

• 1:44:48Speaker 03

  I'm super glad that I went first, though. And I'm also glad that you guys missed it because I don't think I'd be here if you saw it.

• 1:44:54Speaker 03

  You'd be like, oh yeah, we got the Carolina Bays, we got that figured out.

• 1:44:56Danny Jones?

  That's funny.

• 1:44:57Speaker 03

  Uh, but yeah, um, but yeah, I'm glad I went first because like I said, I'm, I get, I got super nervous. You know, the first year I did it, um, that was, uh, Cosmic Summit 23 was in a big area, you know, and like everybody was in the same area. And, um, and we had some technical difficulties during mine. The power went out on it and I was like, oh my god.

• 1:45:16Danny Jones?

  Oh shit.

• 1:45:16Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah. So I was like really nervous. Uh, last year, it was much better and I went first, so I didn't have time to get nervous. It was good.

• 1:45:23Danny Jones?

  Yeah, that's great, man.

• 1:45:24Speaker 03

  Yeah, yeah.

• 1:45:25Danny Jones?

  Cool, man. Well, thanks for coming. And, uh, where can people find your YouTube channel and all that stuff?

• 1:45:29Speaker 03

  So my YouTube channel is, uh, Dabbler's Den. I have not taken anything off. Like I said, I, I got the gut punch. Uh, and I completely changed my mind. I put disclaimers, uh, on that. Uh, but, um, but yeah, I, I, you know, YouTube is where you can find me. I've, I'm on Twitter, Dabbler's Den on Twitter. Facebook is mostly for like family and friends and stuff like that. I don't really use Instagram very often, but Twitter and, and, and, you know, comment on, on some of the videos on YouTube. And that's where you can find me.

• 1:45:59Danny Jones?

  Okay, beautiful. Yeah, we'll link everything below. And what do you got, Steve? Patreon?

• 1:46:05Speaker 05

  Uh, yeah, we got, we got a few questions. You want to read some here and then finish on Patreon?

• 1:46:09Danny Jones?

  Well, let's just, let's just do it on Patreon.

• 1:46:11Speaker 03

  Sounds good.

• 1:46:12Danny Jones?

  That's it. Thanks again, man.

• 1:46:13Speaker 03

  All right.

• 1:46:13Danny Jones?

  Appreciate it, folks.

• 1:46:15Speaker 00

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