IMO Live at SXSW: Combatting Hopelessness with Dr. Laurie Santos

Michelle and Craig host their first live podcast recording together at SXSW! They are joined by Dr. Laurie Santos, psychology professor and host of The Happiness Lab, to answer a listener question about finding hope in hard times. The group discusses how phones have contributed to the “always on” nature of stress, strategies to harness happiness is the everyday, and how to develop resilience for future challenges. Have a question you want answered? Write to us at imopod.com http://imopod.com. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:05Michelle Obama?

  This episode is brought to you by Rivian.

• 0:12Speaker 01

  Please welcome to the stage, former First Lady Michelle Obama and Craig Robinson.

• 0:34Michelle Obama?

  Well, hey, South by Southwest.

• 0:37Craig Robinson?

  Wow.

• 0:39Michelle Obama?

  Austin. Hi Craig Robinson, my big brother, yay. He's so nice.

• 0:47Craig Robinson?

  You all are nice. But how about my sister, Michelle Obama?

• 0:57Michelle Obama?

  You know, I'm not used to being up here with somebody. Usually when I'm speaking, I'm speaking on my own, but I got, I got company.

• 1:05Craig Robinson?

  I appreciate it, and I appreciate Monica remembering that I used to be a coach.

• 1:10Michelle Obama?

  Go Beavers. We heard a lot of that.

• 1:13Craig Robinson?

  Thanks Monica.

• 1:15Michelle Obama?

  You know, when was the last time we were on a big stage together, you remember?

• 1:22Craig Robinson?

  It's been a while.

• 1:23Michelle Obama?

  Yeah.

• 1:23Craig Robinson?

  Remind me, what are you thinking?

• 1:25Michelle Obama?

  I am thinking about the 2008 convention.

• 1:30Michelle Obama?

  And that was a big moment for me because that was Barack's first campaign. And in that campaign, people didn't know me. So I got accused in the press of being angry and combative because of the way I spoke. So I found that I had to use this speech to reintroduce myself to the country. So this was a big speech, major speech at the DNC.

• 1:55Craig Robinson?

  I remember.

• 1:57Michelle Obama?

  And my big brother introduced me. And we were on stage.

• 2:01Craig Robinson?

  Quite an honor.

• 2:01Michelle Obama?

  Together, it was quite an honor, but.

• 2:06Michelle Obama?

  In his introduction, when you're on stage and you're doing a big speech, you have teleprompters. So you have prompter in the front, have prompter on the left, prompter on the right, because you're reading from the prompter, because it's timed, you gotta hit it right, it's national, it's live.

• 2:19Craig Robinson?

  But let me cut in here. She had to read from a prompter. I memorized mine.

• 2:26Michelle Obama?

  Here we go. Favorite child, he memorized everything.

• 2:30Craig Robinson?

  Memorized. Memorized.

• 2:32Michelle Obama?

  Well, my speech was a little longer, a little more impactful, so... So I needed the teleprompter, right? So he does this beautiful introduction of me. It's all action-packed and, you know, he says, "And ladies and gentlemen, the next first lady of the United States, Michelle Obama." And I come onstage and they're cheering, you know? And we do this greet in front of the prompter where I think that my big brother is gonna lean down and give me a hug and say, "You got this, girl. I love you, I'm so proud of you." So I go out there and we're on national TV and do you remember what you said to me?

• 3:09Craig Robinson?

  I do.

• 3:10Michelle Obama?

  You leaned down to my ear and you said, "Left prompter out." And he walked off.

• 3:18Craig Robinson?

  I was looking out for her.

• 3:20Michelle Obama?

  Left prompter out.

• 3:21Craig Robinson?

  I was looking out for you. I knew you hadn't memorized it, so I didn't want you to be surprised.

• 3:27Michelle Obama?

  But, you know, I mean...

• 3:29Craig Robinson?

  When that wasn't working.

• 3:30Michelle Obama?

  So now I'm thinking, "What was he talking about?" So I'm waving, trying to play it off, and I'm walking up to the stand. And what he meant was, the left prompter was out. And I was like, "Okay, good looking out." But, anyway, that was my brother looking out. But that was the last time we were onstage together.

• 3:46Craig Robinson?

  That was the last time. And look at us now. We are here, launching our new podcast, IMO.

• 3:56Michelle Obama?

  Yeah.

• 3:58Craig Robinson?

  And we're already doing a live show.

• 4:00Michelle Obama?

  I know, this is our first live show, okay, y'all? So...

• 4:05Craig Robinson?

  But...

• 4:07Craig Robinson?

  But before we go any further, I just want to say how grateful we are to partner with the folks at Rivian who have enabled us to do this podcast.

• 4:18Michelle Obama?

  Yeah, yeah.

• 4:19Craig Robinson?

  Thank you, folks, and really appreciate it.

• 4:21Michelle Obama?

  Now, we're really excited, but we've got a lot of great partnerships and Rivian has been top of the heap, and we're going to be doing something with them after this.

• 4:31Craig Robinson?

  Yeah, a couple of things.

• 4:32Michelle Obama?

  So, we'll be able to talk to RJ, the head of that joint, so we're excited to be here.

• 4:40Craig Robinson?

  So, how's this working? How are we going to do this, this podcast?

• 4:43Michelle Obama?

  Uh, well, what we've been doing, we're going to chat a little bit.

• 4:49Craig Robinson?

  Right.

• 4:50Michelle Obama?

  So, you guys will get a sense of our dynamic and sort of some of the lessons we learned growing up. And some of this podcast was started, because, you know, this last year was pretty, I won't say completely rough, but we had some, we lost our mom this year. For those of you who don't know, Marion Robinson. And as a result, yeah, yeah.

• 5:18Craig Robinson?

  Thank you.

• 5:19Michelle Obama?

  Our mom.

• 5:20Craig Robinson?

  Thanks.

• 5:21Michelle Obama?

  She and our dad were some amazing people, and I think as a result of that loss, Craig and I, you know, it brought us even closer together. We were already close, but I don't know about you, but there's just something about losing what was our last parent. And any time in your life, when you lose a parent, it's tough, but you think you're going to be ready for it as an adult. But I think, you know, part of losing mom, it kind of puts us in the position where we are the, we're the wise ones in the family.

• 5:56Craig Robinson?

  Hard to believe, huh?

• 5:57Michelle Obama?

  I know. I mean, I talk to Malia and Sasha about this all the time as they are becoming adults. I know Malia always says, "Well, when do you actually feel like an adult?" And I was like, never, not really, ever do you feel like you know what you're doing? Um, so I said, the fact that you're in your twenties and you feel like you are clueless, it's like you're right on schedule. Um, because I remind her that even now, at sixty-one, and how old are you?

• 6:27Craig Robinson?

  Sixty-three.

• 6:28Michelle Obama?

  Let's be very clear, he's my big brother.

• 6:30Craig Robinson?

  Although, although, people, because she's so iconic, people think I'm her little brother, if you can believe that.

• 6:38Michelle Obama?

  Well, that's because you're bald and you have younger kids.

• 6:42Craig Robinson?

  That is true.

• 6:43Michelle Obama?

  I think that helps, because he's got a set of older kids and he's got a set of younger kids as well. So, he, I call him the head of the O D C, the Old Dads Club. He is president and C E O. Um, but even at this age, it's a little daunting to think that now we kind of have to step up in our family and be that wisdom.

• 7:07Craig Robinson?

  Yeah, we, and, and we're, we're always doing it at home with our families, answering questions. So, we're going to be doing that with our listeners. So, as more, as, as we get going, you'll see we'll have, uh, listener questions, and we'll have one later today. So, stay tuned.

• 7:23Michelle Obama?

  Yeah, yeah. So, um, you know, our, our, our goal is to share some of what we learned. We know people are going through some tough times, and I, I, I don't think Craig and I are feeling any different than anyone out there. Um, you know, we're, we're dealing with a lot of uncertainties. Um, I for one, uh, feel for folks who are struggling and will continue to struggle in these uncertainties. I worry about folks being out of work. You know, I worry about how we think about diversity and inclusion. Um, I think about how we treat one another, and the voices that we hear, and what that does, what, what models that, that's setting for the next generation. Um, who do we want to be as a country? All of

• 8:08Michelle Obama?

  that keeps me up at night, and I know that a lot of people are struggling with some of those things. But I find... In those moments, that it is better not to try to figure that stuff out alone. And for me and Craig and our family, you know, we always try to step outside of our loneliness and talk as a family and as a community and to share those concerns. And I hope that our listeners are pushed to do some of the same things too. That, you know, we're not going to figure this stuff out on our own and that we need each other and we need to step out of our loneliness and start talking to each other.

• 8:51Michelle Obama?

  So hopefully this podcast will spark some conversation, but more importantly, I hope it leads people to seek out their own communities of trust and conversation so we're not sitting alone in these feelings. So that's my hope.

• 9:08Craig Robinson?

  And, oh, go ahead and clap, yeah. See, we're not used to a live audience yet, so.

• 9:15Craig Robinson?

  No, I absolutely agree with Meech. And to her point, and in the video, we talked about not having all the opinions.

• 9:26Michelle Obama?

  Or all the answers.

• 9:27Craig Robinson?

  Or all the answers. We've got plenty of opinions, but not all the answers. We're going to have a guest with us on most of our episodes, but sometimes it'll just be the two of us.

• 9:38Michelle Obama?

  Yep.

• 9:39Craig Robinson?

  Kind of chopping it up.

• 9:40Michelle Obama?

  Yep, yep.

• 9:41Craig Robinson?

  But before we bring out our special guest today, I thought I'd pose a question to my sister because we were, we, we, we, it's interesting, now that we're doing the podcast, we talk all the time, but now we save our talking for when we see each other.

• 9:57Michelle Obama?

  You're like, don't, don't say anything.

• 9:59Craig Robinson?

  Don't say anything.

• 10:00Michelle Obama?

  Save it.

• 10:01Craig Robinson?

  Don't say anything. But do you remember how, how mom and dad taught us how to handle adversity?

• 10:08Michelle Obama?

  Um, you know, yeah, yeah. Um, I, I, I talk about this in both of my books. For those of you who don't know our story, um, our dad, who, Frasier Robinson, he developed MS in the prime of his life. Um, you know, he didn't always have it. He grew up as a boxer, an athlete, a swimmer, and like in his early twenties, he contracted MS and he couldn't walk without the assistance of a cane and the disease progressed. So, we only knew our father as someone with a disability. And I think that growing up with a parent with a disability, um, looking back on it,

• 10:52Michelle Obama?

  we were always kids that were growing up with a real sense of vulnerability right before us. Because our father was the sole breadwinner, our mom stayed home, he was a city worker, um, so that salary was important. I think we knew that. But to know that the person that you lean on most, you know, is vulnerable, I think it always made us clear about adversity. I think we lived within adversity to a certain extent.

• 11:22Craig Robinson?

  Mm-hmm.

• 11:23Michelle Obama?

  Um, and it sort of made us both a little wary in interesting ways for a kid. And Craig, I don't know if you remember, little things that we didn't at the time tie to our dad's disability, but Craig was always like doing disaster preparedness stuff around the house. I mean, I kid you not, this little boy, and he was about ten, and I was always his willing sidekick, running behind him, like, what are we doing now? And he came home one day and said, you know, how are we gonna get out if there's a fire? So, he made us all, do you remember?

• 11:59Craig Robinson?

  I do, I, I do.

• 12:00Michelle Obama?

  Tell, tell your little worry story.

• 12:02Craig Robinson?

  So, I, I was, I was worried about, and you know, back in the seventies, there were a lot of house fires. I don't know about you guys.

• 12:08Michelle Obama?

  There weren't smoke detectors.

• 12:09Craig Robinson?

  There weren't, no sprinkler systems and...

• 12:12Michelle Obama?

  Carbon monoxide. We're talking young people back in the Stone Age.

• 12:16Craig Robinson?

  So I was always worried that we lived on the second floor and our dad couldn't get around. So how would we get out if there were fires? So I, coming home from school and having done a fire drill.

• 12:28Michelle Obama?

  At school.

• 12:29Craig Robinson?

  I set up a fire drill for us at home.

• 12:32Michelle Obama?

  But it wasn't just that. He had to make sure that he could drag our dad to safety. So he made.

• 12:40Craig Robinson?

  I made my dad.

• 12:42Michelle Obama?

  Get on the floor.

• 12:43Craig Robinson?

  I almost, I, I, he had to be humiliated.

• 12:46Michelle Obama?

  But he humored you.

• 12:47Craig Robinson?

  He, I had him stand up.

• 12:48Michelle Obama?

  Mm-hmm.

• 12:49Craig Robinson?

  And I grabbed him from behind and put my arms under his shoulders and then just leaned him back. And I dragged him through every room of the house to make sure that I could get him around. And he let me do that.

• 13:06Michelle Obama?

  Yeah, yeah.

• 13:07Craig Robinson?

  God bless him.

• 13:09Michelle Obama?

  Yeah, yeah.

• 13:12Michelle Obama?

  But that indicated this little boy was worried about some stuff that probably a normal 10-year-old wouldn't worry about. And that wasn't it, you know? He would tie his left hand behind his back.

• 13:26Craig Robinson?

  My right hand.

• 13:27Michelle Obama?

  Your right hand, because he was right-handed. Because he was worried that he would lose the use of his right hand. So he needed to know how to do everything with his left hand. There was one week that you walked around blindfolded, just in case you lost your, I mean, his eyesight. And I'm there, little me going, no, to your left, Greg, to your right, no, wait.

• 13:48Craig Robinson?

  She was right there.

• 13:49Michelle Obama?

  Right there, I was like, I don't know why we're doing this, but my brother says we're doing it. And our parents would just humor us. But while we, we lived with probably that underlying level of, of uncertainty. I think when you talk about how we learned to deal with adversity, I think we learned it by watching our father persevere.

• 14:13Craig Robinson?

  Mm-hmm.

• 14:14Michelle Obama?

  You know, because let me tell you, our father, despite his disability, was a man who got up every day and went to work. I mean, I don't remember a time in our life that our dad missed. A day of work, um, blue collar worker. He took pride in, in the little things that I think we take for granted, like paying your bills on time. Not being house poor, that's, that was a word, we don't want to be house poor. You know, but my father would never let a, a bill go by, um. He was resilient and he was positive in his life. Um, he was a joyful man because I think he, adversity was relative in our house, you know?

• 14:59Michelle Obama?

  Um, because if you, if you could walk, if you could, you know, hold down a job, if you could take care of your family, if you could love your kids, if you could live with honor and decency. Well, who cares if you couldn't walk, you know? Who ca- he saw the blessings. So I think for, as I look at it, for, for me, we learned to, I mean, adversity was relative. Adversity was a part of life, but it wasn't everything, you know? It, that, that you'd have to just work your way through it. And the other thing I think dad taught us was gratitude, immense gratitude.

• 15:41Michelle Obama?

  I mean, our father, as you could tell from the stories, was a kind, gentle man. He rarely raised his voice or got angry, but you know, when he was disappointed in us was when we showed a lack of gratitude for what we had. You know, if we had a bowl of ice cream and we were looking for the second scoop before we finished our, our, the first scoop, what would he say?

• 16:04Craig Robinson?

  Never satisfied.

• 16:06Michelle Obama?

  Never satisfied. That would be the one admonition, never satisfied.

• 16:11Craig Robinson?

  I hate those two words to this day.

• 16:13Michelle Obama?

  Yeah, um, and, you know, so when, when I, I face adversity, his words stand, stand, you know, sit in my brain. It's like, what am I? What do I have to complain about? What is it that I can't overcome because of the model that my father set for me? You know, why wouldn't I be happy? Why wouldn't I be able to get through this? Because we saw a man do it every day and do it without complaint. Because if anybody had a reason to complain would be my father, who was a black man, growing up in Chicago, raised in desegregation,

• 16:56Michelle Obama?

  who was an intelligent man with ability to do art but couldn't live up to his promise. I mean, there were a whole lot of reasons for our father to be upset and angry and not happy and to feel disappointed, to feel sorry for himself. But he was the exact opposite. And so, that's what I think about when times get hard. It's like, look, my dad would push through it.

• 17:22Craig Robinson?

  Right, right. And I would, we could, we could talk about our dad for two shows, right? But we've got the perfect

• 17:32Michelle Obama?

  Yes, we do.

• 17:32Craig Robinson?

  guest to talk about happiness and adversity and, and all that kind of stuff. Dr. Laurie Santos is a Yale professor. Oh, you guys, all right, all right. Good. She's host of a wildly popular podcast called The Happiness Lab. She's also the teacher of one of the most popular classes at Yale.

• 18:03Michelle Obama?

  Wish we had this when we were

• 18:04Craig Robinson?

  I wish we had it. And that's Psychology and the Good Life. And she's just an all-around great person. So, can you welcome Dr. Laurie Santos, everybody?

• 18:27Michelle Obama?

  Well, hey, Professor.

• 18:31Speaker 03

  Hey, Michelle.

• 18:33Michelle Obama?

  Thank you for being on here.

• 18:35Speaker 03

  Thanks so much for having me.

• 18:36Michelle Obama?

  Yeah, yeah, yeah.

• 18:38Speaker 03

  A little intimate group.

• 18:39Michelle Obama?

  This is a little intimate chat. So, how did you come to teach the course? I know you've answered this question a million times before, but what led you to understand that young people today need a course on how to be happy?

• 18:55Speaker 03

  Yeah, well, I took on this new role on Yale's campus where I became what's called the Head of College. Yale's one of these funny schools where there's like colleges within a college, like Harry Potter, like Gryffindor, Slytherin kind of thing. So I became Head of College on campus, and that meant that I was like living with students, like eating with them in the dining hall, hanging out with them up close and personal. And I just didn't realize the college student mental health crisis was as bad as it was. You know, right now nationally, more than 40% of college students say they're too depressed to function most day. More than 60% say they're overwhelmingly anxious. Like, this was a real crisis that I was seeing. And that felt really frustrating because like, my field has all these strategies we can use to feel better, experience more resilience, feel less stressed. And I was like, let me just develop this class.

• 19:39Speaker 03

  And then it got very, very big. Not as big as this, but pretty big.

• 19:45Craig Robinson?

  Well, unfortunately, we're on a time constraint here, but, and I cannot wait to hear you talk more about your podcast and your class. But we've got a live question, questionnaire here. And I know we have a person, James, are you here?

• 20:11Craig Robinson?

  Is, oh, there he is, James. James, can you stand up? All right.

• 20:16Speaker 04

  I'm standing. All right, James. All right. Brave man. Hey, so excited to be here. My question is, I'm 28 and I live in L.A. The fires impacted people close to me, and it feels like that's only going to become more frequent. And everything that's been happening, politically, domestically, and globally, it feels like a version of the world is ending. And when I talk to friends, they say, "This is the new normal," and my immediate instinct is to push back. You know, we can't accept this. But personally, living with the inevitability of it, it also forces me to rethink what

• 20:59Speaker 04

  I always assumed adulthood would look like. You know, buying a house, starting a family. So my question is, do you have any advice on how to plan for a future that feels so different from the one we were promised, without becoming apathetic or just resigning yourself to things getting worse? Thanks so much. Ooh. Thank you, James.

• 21:22Michelle Obama?

  Yeah. That's an amen from everybody in this room, right? Everybody's feeling like that a bit. Lori, you want to start by taking a stab at an answer?

• 21:34Speaker 03

  I mean, yeah, I think the first thing to answer, or the first thing to say for that question, is that this is normal, right? You're not the only person in the room that's going through that. And I think that normalization is critical. All too often, we can get into this, like, toxic positivity vibe, where it's like, "I'm feeling kind of embarrassed that I'm so upset and frustrated and overwhelmed, sad about what's going on in the world." But like, we're supposed to feel that. Negative emotions are normal in an abnormal world. And I think it's fair to say that we are, you know, it's not great, but we are in an abnormal world right now. And so I think that's kind of point number one. The other reason that normalization is so important is that psychologically, it can help us. When you realize that these negative emotions are a common human experience, that they're emotions

• 22:17Speaker 03

  that are there to help you, they still don't feel good, but it can allow you to get through them a little bit better. Even here in UT Austin, there's a researcher Kristin Neff, who studies this process of what she calls "common humanity," recognizing like, we're all going through it right now. And what she finds is that can actually help you get through tough times. She does this cool research with Afghan and Iraqi veterans, and finds that those that give themselves self-compassion realize that everybody's going through a tough time here. They wind up coming out with less evidence of PTSD and other related disorders. So like, when you give yourself a little grace for feeling those negative emotions, realize they're normal and bad times, that actually helps you get through the negative emotions.

• 22:56Michelle Obama?

  The other thing that I want to get your take on, Lori, is what's happened to the bar on happiness? Because it really feels like these days that the expectation of young people are so high, and some of that, I think, is our fault as parents. You know, when we were growing up, I mean, life was a lot simpler, you know? I mean, just to give you an example, excitement in our house was getting pizza on report card day if we got good grades, you know? I mean, at Christmas time, we could ask for three gifts. That was it, you know? Go through the Sears Roebuck's Wish Book, and you could pick three things out, and that was it.

• 23:40Craig Robinson?

  Wait, the young folks don't know what that is?

• 23:42Michelle Obama?

  Oh, yeah.

• 23:43Craig Robinson?

  It's a catalog.

• 23:45Michelle Obama?

  Store, first of all, Sears and Roebuck's, that was the only store you'd go to. You'd get your car tuned up and a washing machine and your school clothes, all in one place. And they had a catalog. And you know what a catalog is, young people? It's a thing you look through, or items, and you pick it out. Well, that came out each year, and that's where all the toys were. So, you know, our parents just, you know, they were happy that we got good grades, you know? I can tell you, did my, our parents push us to go to Princeton? No, they were just like, go do something with your life as long as you're a good person.

• 24:27Michelle Obama?

  But when I think of young people today, the standard for happiness is like... Gone through the roof. I mean, you don't just go to college, but there are like seven colleges you can go to, or it doesn't matter. Or, you know, people, you look on House Hunters and everybody's looking for, you know, marble counters and tray ceilings and a, you know, a man cave and there's a certain car and, you know, and you, you, you're not supposed to be successful, but you're also supposed to be famous because social media tells you that that's what it means to be happy. So I, I guess that's a long way of asking, is some of this, you know, not just the world, because the world's been bad.

• 25:10Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 25:11Michelle Obama?

  And it's been worse than it is right now. But people, young people are more unhappy than I think we ever were with a lot less.

• 25:21Speaker 03

  That's right, and we have data on this, right, looking across time, and those rates of depression, anxiety and stuff I just talked about, they're worse than they are in young people right now than ever since we've recorded them, right? Like, and it's much worse. And I think you're exactly right. I think it's a lot our expectations, right? We have tools that allow us to see those fancy houses, those fancy vacations, those fancy schools, and they're just in our pockets, dinging all the time, giving us a comparison that makes us feel kinda crappy, right? And what we know from the happiness science is that it's not what we objectively have that makes us happy, it's what we're expecting, it's what we're used to. You know, that's why I love the story of your dad, right? You know, just getting a little bowl of ice cream, like, that should be enough, right? And so I think the, especially in young people, the definition of enough has changed.

• 26:06Michelle Obama?

  Yeah.

• 26:06Speaker 03

  There's lots of reasons for that, but I think getting to a better point of accepting and what our expectations are, that'll help a lot.

• 26:13Michelle Obama?

  And, and that's different from being complacent, right? Because I think we were taught that you don't need everything and you're not entitled to everything, you're not, we were taught, not even entitled to happiness.

• 26:26Speaker 03

  Exactly.

• 26:27Michelle Obama?

  Our, our parents didn't think they were responsible for our happiness, for anybody in our generation. You imagine a parent who worried about whether your child was happy? We didn't come from that. It was like, you're not happy, get over it, read a book, get out of my face.

• 26:42Speaker 03

  Ah.

• 26:42Michelle Obama?

  Um, move along, go outside, you know?

• 26:47Michelle Obama?

  And our generation of parents, I mean, we lose sleep if little person is sad today. And it's like sadness and anxiety, that's all a part of life. But we, as we parent our children, sometimes I think we've made them a little less resilient. And again, that's not to say that people aren't dealing with real anxiety and mental health issues, but I think one of the things I try to think about as a parent, and I think our parents did to us, they tried to prepare us for what the world was gonna be, which was oftentimes disappointing, most of the time hard.

• 27:28Michelle Obama?

  And there would be deep anxiety that you'd have to get through at all times. So they gave us those tools.

• 27:36Speaker 03

  That's right.

• 27:37Michelle Obama?

  Much earlier than I think some parents today are willing to let their kids go through some of those tough feelings. So then they get out in the real world and they're confronted with a whole lot of emotions that nobody ever told them was coming.

• 27:51Speaker 03

  That's right. And I think it leads to a mental health crisis, not just in our young people, but also in parents. The former Surgeon General Vivek Murthy talked a lot about parent mental health and parent stress. He actually issued like a public health advisory on the fact that parents are going through their own tough emotions. But the biggest tough emotion that parents reported is guilt, as though, you know, they're not doing enough for their kids' happiness, they're not doing enough to kind of give them everything they need. And I think that reflects exactly what you're saying.

• 28:18Craig Robinson?

  Lori, I want to get, James' question sort of deals with a little bit of hopelessness there. And I was just trying to figure out, what does it mean for our culture with so many people feeling hopeless?

• 28:33Speaker 03

  Yeah. Was bad, as you probably guessed. Not great to live in a completely hopeless culture. And we really do live in more of a hopeless culture than we ever have before. Your researchers go out and study this, and they have over time. One of the best questions for this is they just ask people, on average, can you trust the other people around you? Right? In the 1970s, when they asked folks that question, around 50% of people said, yeah, on average, most folks can get trusted. When you ask that same question in 2018, it's down to a little less than a third. That doesn't sound like a big drop, but if I was plotting that, that's basically how much money we lost in 2008 when the financial crisis happened. So this is a like, complete, like, off a cliff decline in people's sense of trust and people's sense of hope. And it's bad for lots of reasons. It's bad for us personally.

• 29:18Speaker 03

  People who experience less hope, experience more depression, experience more anxiety, experience more loneliness, which is interesting. Hope seems to be connected to our social connection. Also bad for our bodies. People who are more cynical report experiencing more diabetes, experiencing more heart disease. And it's probably bad for us as a society, because when you don't experience hope, what you think is like, stuff's never gonna get better. And when you think stuff's never gonna get better, you don't take action to make it better, right? You don't vote, you don't do things prosocially to help other people. And what you find, research-wise, is if you study people who are cynical, they self-report not voting, they self-report not donating to charity, not doing the stuff that you need to do to make things better. So, yeah, it's really bad. And it becomes a vicious cycle, right?

• 30:01Speaker 03

  Because as more people get hopeless, then they look out in the world with this hopeless lens, they post on social media with a hopeless lens, we get podcasts that are very hopeless, and it just becomes a cycle where we reinforce each other's bad perception of the world, one that might not even be really accurate.

• 30:16Michelle Obama?

  Yeah, and you talk about that transference, the ability for us to, you know, export our bad energy onto other people, and we naturally, as humans, we pick up those cues. Can you talk a little bit more about that transference that you?

• 30:33Speaker 03

  Yeah, I mean, we know for sure that emotions are contagious, right? They're just like COVID. And we know this, right? You go into an office and you hang out with somebody who's feeling hyped up and optimistic and excited, you kind of catch that, right? You go into the same office with somebody who's down and not feeling it, like, you catch that too, right? These days, we don't just catch emotions from the other people we're around. We have this transfer system online, where folks are catching emotions globally. You know, I hop on some social media platform, I'm catching some emotion from somebody on Instagram that lives in a different country, in a completely different time zone, but I catch that too. And that's made worse by the fact that these social media companies obviously have algorithms that thrive not on us catching each other's positive emotions,

• 31:17Speaker 03

  but on catching each other's anger and outrage and sadness, right? That's what gets eyeballs on our phones. And so all these things together means not just that there's transference, but there's particular transference of the bad stuff, of the hopelessness.

• 31:36Craig Robinson?

  Michelle and I are here in Austin for South by Southwest, and we are joined by the Rivian founder and CEO, RJ. RJ, how's it going?

• 31:46Speaker 05

  It's going well. It's great to have you guys here.

• 31:48Craig Robinson?

  It's great to be here.

• 31:50Michelle Obama?

  It's great to be here, great to be with you. And we are just so grateful that Rivian is a sponsor, not just because you're a cool guy, but the cars are amazing. So I was just like, Rivian is one of our sponsors. Are we gonna, are we gonna get to drive one? And low and behold, we did. You guys have outfitted us with cars. Thank you.

• 32:11Craig Robinson?

  That was really nice of you to do that. And, and I gotta tell you, for me, being 6'6", and for you probably, which is now I understand why there's enough legroom in the car. There's ample legroom in the front and the backseat. And then if you want to use the third seat, there's, there's plenty of room there. Not only legroom, but headroom, storage space, the navigation system. And it made me wonder what was in the mind of somebody who developed such a beautiful car?

• 32:44Speaker 05

  Well, it's, well, first, thank you for, for joining me here. I mean, the story goes way back to me being a kid and I grew up a massive car enthusiast. And I realized, as I got a little bit older, I realized they were causing so many problems.

• 32:57Craig Robinson?

  There you go.

• 32:58Speaker 05

  And so you first realize they have, you know, they're polluting, they're causing air quality issues. Then you pull the thread, you're like, oh, it's causing a lot of our global disputes with, you know, challenges of access to oil. Then you pull a thread a little further and you're like, oh, this is one of the primary contributors to climate change. And then I fell into this feeling of like, oh, boy, these things I love. Is it, is it wrong of me to like cars? And decided I wanted to work on them and be part of the solution to figure out how to make. Personal transportation and the automobile, something that can continue to exist and exist in a positive way. Sure.

• 33:30Michelle Obama?

  You know, we had a wonderful conversation here at South by Southwest about hope. And because a lot of people are feeling a little hopeless these days. And I think when I hear your story about being a 10 year old, you know, starting out as a 10 year old with enough of a dream. And you're here now with a line of amazing cars that are environmentally responsible, that are creating jobs all over the country. And it's a beautiful product. I think it reminds us that, you know, even when things are dark,

• 34:10Michelle Obama?

  you know, if we invest in our kids and believe in their dreams and give them the space to create, you know, that next generation is going to come up with the answers that we need.

• 34:21Speaker 05

  We have a guiding principle that we use in how we make decisions within the business. And some of the hardest decisions, you can get, you know, completely sort of twisted around thinking about how to make the decision. And the way we simplify it is we think of it through the lens of our kids, kids, kids.

• 34:37Michelle Obama?

  Yeah.

• 34:38Speaker 05

  And it's helpful, both in terms of helping you to identify what are the important pieces. But I find it's incredibly, it's incredibly inviting to all different points of view. And, you know, a lot of the debates and discussion and some of the tension we see, I think, in society today is actually around different tactics on how we create a better world for our kids, kids, kids.

• 35:02Michelle Obama?

  Yes.

• 35:02Speaker 05

  And I think it's just important to recognize that at least that's a point of commonality. And whether you're on, you know, whatever side of the political you're on, whether different countries, different cultures, everywhere I go, I find that to be really consistent is that we as humanity want a better world for our kids. And so. When I look at the world as we're in today, we've got a complete global ecosystem that's been built around fossil fuels. That we, this generation, is responsible for driving an inflection point off of that.

• 35:32Michelle Obama?

  Yes.

• 35:33Speaker 05

  And that was already like, an amazing opportunity. Like, how lucky are we to be part of the, the end of what the history books will say many, many years from now, of the fossil fuel era.

• 35:42Michelle Obama?

  Yeah.

• 35:44Speaker 05

  I think it's a remarkably exciting, but, as you said, a challenging time.

• 35:48Michelle Obama?

  Yeah. Well, congratulations on, on everything you've accomplished. And, and thank you so much for believing in our vision.

• 35:58Speaker 05

  Yeah.

• 35:59Michelle Obama?

  Of the types of conversations that we can have to help spark that promise

• 36:05Speaker 05

  Yeah.

• 36:05Michelle Obama?

  in the generations to come.

• 36:07Speaker 05

  We're happy to be involved, so thank you.

• 36:10Craig Robinson?

  So, thank you.

• 36:16Craig Robinson?

  You know, our, our mom and Meesh will remember this. Obviously, we didn't have social media growing up. But we had friends who had stuff, or friends who said things. And our mom was always, "Why do you care about what they say?" And I, I find trying to give my kids that advice is hard with social media. And I think a lot of parents find it hard. How do we balance that, these days, with, with social media? Because, you know, we, we recently were talking with someone else who was telling us, you just, if you take social media away, you gotta replace it with something. But my question is, how do we help, help folks find a balance here?

• 37:01Speaker 03

  Yeah. I think one of the ways to find a balance is just to realize that what we're exposed to affects us. Right? You hop on Instagram and you start scrolling through that feed. You might know that some of the stuff you look at is photoshopped. You might know that some of the stuff, you know, these companies are, they have algorithms that are sort of pointing you in a bad direction. But that doesn't enter psychologically. You're just soaking in emotions and then the stuff you see, right? But I think that knowledge can be a little bit of power, right? You can even ask yourself, like, how do I feel after that scroll through Reddit or through social media? And ask yourself the question, do I feel more empowered, more hopeful? Or do I feel kind of gross and like in despair, right? You can make the choice to put that away, right?

• 37:42Speaker 03

  You can kind of notice mindfully how it's making you feel and you sort of choose to, you know, stick it back in your pocket. Social media companies wouldn't have these algorithms if all our eyeballs weren't on phones anymore. And we actually have more agency than we often remember in that, in that fight.

• 37:58Michelle Obama?

  Hey, people always ask me and Barack, how did we stay hopeful in not just the eight years that we were in the White House, but beyond? Because let me tell you, there was a lot of negative energy floating our way. A lot of rumors, a lot of gossip, a lot of, you know, my husband wasn't born in this country, we didn't care about, we weren't patriotic, you know, he, yeah, he didn't get into Harvard. I mean, you know, I don't know if you all remember, I certainly do.

• 38:31Craig Robinson?

  He wore a tan suit.

• 38:32Michelle Obama?

  Wore a tan suit once, I mean, you know.

• 38:35Speaker 03

  Glaciness.

• 38:36Michelle Obama?

  A level of scandal that occurred. But through it all, what kept us sane, and we tried to instill this in our daughters, is, you know, you cannot, you know, you cannot live through social media. I, I don't think I have ever once looked at a comment section, period. At, at all, ever. And I know it's difficult for this generation, but, you know, I would implore young people to stay, don't let that negative energy enter into your space. These are people who don't know you.

• 39:18Michelle Obama?

  A lot of this stuff is made up and it does not feed you. And I, you know, I mean, you can't do it. And we never do. That doesn't mean you don't stay informed, but staying informed has nothing to do with the comments section. You know, it has everything to do with the content of the stories that you take in. And I think, you know, we cannot get so trapped by social media that we feel so caught up into the one way we get information. We've got to broaden our spectrum. And we have to get off the phone. Yeah. You know, which is another thing. And I would love for you to talk a bit about that as a tool.

• 40:03Michelle Obama?

  I know you've got a lot of tools, but there are a lot of people here of all ages who are trapped by their phones. And when you talk about us being disconnected and not talking to each other, I am not out in the world like a normal person anymore, but when I am, people don't even recognize me. You know why? Because they're on their phones. Nobody is looking at each other. I could walk right past somebody with a hat on, you know, and I'm just a black woman in a cap.

• 40:34Craig Robinson?

  I don't know. I don't know.

• 40:36Michelle Obama?

  No, I've done it.

• 40:37Craig Robinson?

  I don't know about that.

• 40:38Michelle Obama?

  I have done it. I fly commercial. I am out there with the people and folks are not paying attention.

• 40:45Craig Robinson?

  I fly commercial?

• 40:48Michelle Obama?

  So...

• 40:50Craig Robinson?

  Okay. Okay. See? It's a good thing I'm here.

• 40:55Michelle Obama?

  Well, more so than I was.

• 40:56Craig Robinson?

  Good thing I'm here. You know, with this face, walking around flying commercial. How's Michelle? Tell Michelle I said hi. How's she doing? They okay?

• 41:07Michelle Obama?

  Anyway.

• 41:08Speaker 03

  Strategies. Strategies, yeah.

• 41:12Michelle Obama?

  Nah.

• 41:13Speaker 03

  Yeah.

• 41:14Michelle Obama?

  I'm gonna get a mute button for him. No, I'm just kidding.

• 41:19Speaker 03

  Yeah, no, but strategies. I mean, I think awareness is really key here. One of my favorite strategies for sort of dealing with your phone and being on your phone all the time comes from the journalist Catherine Price. She has this lovely book, How to Break Up With Your Phone, where she argues you don't have to break up with your phone so much as you need to take it to like couples counseling so that you can like deal with it better. But she has this really handy acronym that she uses whenever she finds herself on her phone. It's W-W-W, which you can think of because you're probably on the world wide web, right? But this is not world wide web. W-W-W stands for what for, why now, and what else? So what are you on your phone for? Maybe you're checking your email or looking at a map. Maybe you're just... Deepen some TikTok dive, right? Was there a purpose, right? Why now? This is an important one because you notice your emotions. What drives you to your phone? Were you bored? Were you anxious, right?

• 42:04Speaker 03

  What's your cue that like gets you there? What's that craving coming from? And then finally, what else, right? What's the opportunity cost of being on your phone right now? You might be missing Michelle Obama on your flight. Like there's a saying right next to you, you didn't notice, right? You might miss the beautiful scenery. You might miss the opportunity to talk to someone who has interesting stories, interesting ideas, right? That what else question is critical because what studies show us is that because we're on our phones, we're less social than we could be. Lovely study by Elizabeth Dunn at the University of British Columbia had people with their phones or without their phones, sitting in a waiting room. They weren't even using their phones. It was just like present or not. And she just measured the amount of smiling that people did. You know, casual, somebody's in your room, you smile at them.

• 42:46Speaker 03

  She sees 30% less smiling when phones are present, right? Calculate that by all the phones, you know, on planes and Austin and so on. So, so we're really missing out. But that strategy of WWW, I think what it gets us towards is like, we just have to be mindful. We just have to notice. These are good tools, right? We know even from COVID times, they were so useful. That's right. But we just have to use them in a healthy way. Yeah, I love that.

• 43:09Craig Robinson?

  Lori, what can we do to find hope when things are tough? Like in James' situation, he's looking at his friends who have lost things in a fire or, you know, other personal disasters. What can we do?

• 43:26Speaker 03

  Yeah, I think there are a couple of things, right? One is, one is making sure you have the right definition of hope. Because I think sometimes when we think of hope, we think of what at least psychologists might call optimism. We're just like, everything's gonna be fine. And I think that everything's gonna be fine is like, I mean, look at the new, like, look at X, like, look anywhere. It's not fine, right? And so I think it's important to like call it the way it is. It's not fine. But hope isn't that. Hope says, things are not fine, but I can actually see at least a few paths for things to get better. Why is that psychologically so important? If you think things are fine right now, are you gonna act? You're gonna take agency? You're gonna do anything about it? No, cuz you're just kind of, "Things are fine right now, you know, the world's not on fire." When you experience hope, what you feel is, "Things are not fine right now, but there's

• 44:11Speaker 03

  a path." What does that path do? It gives you agency. It gives you a sense that like, something can be done, and probably, I can be a small part of what needs to get done. And that small part is key, cuz I think when we think we have to be the only one out there fixing everything, that also makes us feel a little overwhelmed and sad. But when you realize that your small action, you're checking in on someone, you're donating five bucks to a cause you care about, you stepping up in any way to make things better, that actually matters. And one of the things we know psychologically, is that it also helps us feel a little bit more hopeful when we take action, right? So you show up at that cause you care about, or go to protest, right, donate some money. Psychologically, you start to feel like, "Oh, we're even getting closer to a solution, cuz I stepped up, maybe other people step up."

• 44:56Speaker 03

  You also see good social evidence that you're not the only one. You show up at a protest, you're usually not the only one there. You get a whole room like this, full of people who care. Now, all of a sudden, your beliefs start to change. So you can, instead of being that vicious cycle of hopelessness that we talked about before, you can become part of a virtuous cycle of hopefulness. And that's the kind of thing that can also be socially contagious.

• 45:18Michelle Obama?

  And as somebody who has seen all kinds of power at work, you know, I've been at some of the most powerful tables. One of the things I remind people of is, yes, there is large power, you know, there are a handful people in the world who can do a few things that can impact so many. But the truth is, is that the small power that each of us has to do something right in front of us, if we're all doing that, outweighs anything that, you know, some big leader somewhere can do. I mean, if you just think about, yeah.

• 45:57Michelle Obama?

  Just think about as our parents did, Marion and Frazier Robinson, who didn't go to college. Mother stayed at home, father was a city worker. And let me just stop and give a big shout out to city and federal workers. People who are the lifeblood of this country.

• 46:22Michelle Obama?

  Also, those jobs helped to create an entire middle class of people like our fathers, our father, our parents. And they do the lion's share of the work in this country. If we're going to start asking who's doing what, I would, from my experience, the folks who are working on the ground and picking up our garbage and making sure that our schools run and that our air is clean and that our flights stay up in the air, that those people are the true heart and blood of this country.

• 47:06Michelle Obama?

  But, that power is what changes things. Those parents, with the little bit that they were able to do with their power, raised two of us. And if you just think that if everybody on this planet was valued and had an opportunity to have a job and to take care of their kids and to raise them with some level of honesty and kindness and with humanity and taught them to love everybody and to be inclusive, just imagine if everybody did that little thing right in their plate.

• 47:47Michelle Obama?

  If you're going to have some kids, if you can have the courage and the power to exercise that small thing of raising them with some truth and some honesty, just imagine where we would be right now as a country. Imagine what our leadership would look like and how we would ask them to speak and to act and to model. That is the...

• 48:15Michelle Obama?

  That is the beauty of small power. You know, so as James, you know, thinks about what to do, you know, I hope that retreating into hopelessness is not on the list.

• 48:29Michelle Obama?

  Because shoot, if my dad didn't, this is how I think, if my father, Frasier Robinson, didn't retreat with all that he could have retreated from in times a lot tougher than this, because he wanted to lay a foundation for us, that we have that obligation, all of us, to do the same thing. We can't afford to be hopeless, I would say.

• 48:50Speaker 03

  Yeah, and I love that you share this story of your father, because it's also one of the strategies that we can use, tiny strategy we can use individually to do better, which is sharing these positive social stories. Like, the world and social media, all these algorithms are filled with terrible stories, but you can actually see the good ones. You can say, you know, "My dad, in the midst of experiencing this terrible disease, was hopeful. He taught us gratitude," right? And, you know, it doesn't even have to be Michelle Obama's dad, right? You can find these little examples of moral goodness, but don't just keep them to yourself, share them. And I think if you're a parent, this is one of the best things you can do to your kids, right? Because they're, maybe don't even have as much kind of frontal lobe power to go out there and find those good stories. Over the dinner table, what moral goodness did you see today?

• 49:35Speaker 03

  Right? What was something that delighted you, that kind of made you happy, specifically about what somebody else was doing? We don't share these enough, but the sad thing is, like, they're out there. We just don't hear about them enough. And so that's one of the reasons I'm so glad y'all are doing this podcast. There's going to be way more stories than that that come out that allow for what researchers call "social savoring", where sort of savoring the goodness of other people.

• 49:54Michelle Obama?

  And that's also a way, I'm sorry, Craig, for people to use their social media, you know? You know, it's there for a reason, there's power in it, you know? But we have to resist the notion to use it to harp on each other, to diss and to, you know, spread gossip and to, you know, I mean, each of us in our world can encourage the people within it to use the tool. For good, you know. It is a choice that we can make. Right now, everybody in this room, everybody listening to this podcast who hears us, you can make a choice to either, you know, use these tools for good or use them for evil or to use them to appease your frustration.

• 50:39Michelle Obama?

  Because remember, as Lori said, we pass on that energy, you know. We're passing it on, our anger, our rage, you know. It's one of the reasons why, you know, when our household, we use the motto, "Going high" is important because going high is the model, especially if you have a platform like we did for eight years. Yeah, it's easy to get on a big platform and rile people up and to say hateful things and to make fun of people. Of course, anybody could do that. Any leader can do that, right? That's the easiest way to lead because you're sort of tapping into your easiest basis, you know, core and you lash out, you share that anger.

• 51:24Michelle Obama?

  The strength and the power comes is when you can harness that, you know, and understand that if you have a platform, if you're gonna be on social media, that you now have an obligation not to spread hate and bitterness and anger.

• 51:43Craig Robinson?

  And if, only because I want to give James some takeaways, but I

• 51:51Michelle Obama?

  This is Craig's job to

• 51:52Craig Robinson?

  We also have, we also have the happiness doctor here. So how can we, and let me back up because our mom used to say, "You're responsible for your own happiness." And that was some of the most empowering advice she ever gave us. How can we help those out there who don't have a Marian Robinson or a social group? How can we help them work through? Making themselves happy.

• 52:20Speaker 03

  Well, your mom might have been a better happiness scientist than you guys thought because she's like reading the evidence out there because that's what the evidence really shows is that it takes some work, but you can do things to feel better even in a horrible situation, right? Even in a horrible situation, there are things you can do to feel a little bit better. And I think one of the biggest ones is really to connect with other people. You know, you talked about the problem of phones, leading us away from each other. You talked about the loneliness crisis. Like, you're in a room with lots of other folks right now. You're probably in lots of rooms with lots of other folks. Just talk to them, right? Check in on your friends, reach out to them. These things sound silly. They sound like such a tiny thing to do, but they allow us to get towards more civic action, right? They're really like, in a very tiny way, the basis of democracy, right? Just talking

• 53:05Speaker 03

  to people and getting to know them, right? And so, in your own small world, do that and reach out to the people that you care about. We often assume, again, that that's kind of a silly thing to do, but what the studies show is that when you're reaching out to other people, when you're checking in on other people, that boosts your happiness too. So you're ultimately, by doing nice things for others, growing the pie, and you're giving yourself a little bit more of a sense of hope because whenever you take action, you're like, oh, my gosh, I have some agency. Things can't be that bad. I can make it a little bit better.

• 53:34Craig Robinson?

  Well, go ahead.

• 53:36Michelle Obama?

  And I know, Craig, you're a coach. You've coached, you've, you know, mentored. I know that, you know, mentoring isn't just about giving, you know, it's about what you get in return. Do you want to talk a bit?

• 53:51Craig Robinson?

  Yeah, I, you know, I started out in corporate America and moved into coaching, but I always felt like I wanted to be a coach or a teacher because I was coached and mentored by my dad, my mom, and really good coaches. And I thought it was really the reason why I got to do all the wonderful things I got to do. And I felt like I needed to share that with all these other young people out there. And to Lori's point...

• 54:22Craig Robinson?

  It makes me feel fantastic and it's just such a wonderful, warm feeling to be able to help folks.

• 54:29Speaker 03

  Yeah, and I think another thing that we can do, again, kind of channeling your parents, because I think they were on top of this stuff, is what your dad said, right? Find something to be a little bit grateful for. That can feel big in the situation that James is in, right? When it feels like everything is collapsing around you, it's hard to be living in L.A. in the midst of these fires and be like, well, I'm grateful for... If that feels hard, choose a lighter version of that strategy. Look for just something that's a little bit of a delight in the world. Like, just a delight, something great. This is a practice I heard from the writer Ross Gay. He has this lovely book called A Book of Delights, where he decided every day he was just gonna go out and find some small wonder in the world that delighted him. And they're tiny things, like you see somebody on the train give each other a fist bump. You walk into a cafe and it's playing El Debar, which is like, "Rhythm of the Night," which

• 55:14Speaker 03

  is like, "Great song." Ross Gay was like, "That's a delight," right? And what it does is it allows him to train his brain away from something that our brains do naturally, which is what researchers call a negativity bias. We instantly notice all the bad stuff. You scroll through your feed and your brain is locked on to the bad information. But to find the good stuff, to find the delights, you gotta like, put a little energy into it. And when it becomes a game, when you know you're sharing them with someone else or writing them down, now all of a sudden you find them a little bit more quickly. And one of the reasons I love Ross's book is that he actually shows that this power of delight can help you fight all kinds of stuff. In lots of ways, it's a book that deals with a lot of the bad stuff that's going on. It talks really explicitly about racism, it talks really explicitly about cultures of violence and things like that.

• 55:58Speaker 03

  But when you find the delights, you're able to kind of get through it. It's like, you're kind of padding yourself with some positive emotion to deal with the negative stuff. And this is one of the reasons I think we need to find our light a little bit more is... The other thing that research shows is that if we want to make changes, we kind of need the emotional bandwidth to do that. And one of the ways you do that is finding your light, right? Focusing on positive emotions. There's this researcher, Konstantin Kuslev, who works at Georgetown, and he asked the question, "Who's out there doing the work to solve the problems, right? Who's showing up at the protests? Who's engaging in like, climate justice?" And what he measures is people's positive emotion. And he finds that the more you self-report having more positive emotion versus negative emotion, the more you're going out to that protest for a cause you care about, the more

• 56:42Speaker 03

  you're donating to kind of fix the things out there in the world. It's kind of like putting your own oxygen mask on first so you can help others, but it's not just like... Others, it's like helping the whole world. And so that, that bit of research has helped me because sometimes it can feel bad to not be hopeless in a hopeless world. Like if you're going through what James is going through, it's like, should I experience delights? Should I get happy because El Debar is on in this café? It feels like weird. But his research helps me because it's like, no, it's almost your responsibility to find positive emotion because it actually allows you to get towards the actions that can fix stuff.

• 57:14Craig Robinson?

  All right, so for James, we've got five minutes for some takeaways. And that was a great place to start, you find your light. All right. I'm looking toward Lori for a couple of takeaways.

• 57:27Speaker 03

  Yeah, let's do it. I think a big one is to notice how you feel when you're participating in the 24/7 news cycle, right? The news cycle didn't used to be 24/7. We all probably remember there was a day when you get the paper in the morning, you read it, you were very informed, but you put that thing away, it didn't walk around with you in your pocket, right? I think there's, you can probably be informed with like 80% less time on your phone and you'll still know all the terrible things that are happening, I promise, they'll still be covering them, you know, 23 hours later. But just kind of give yourself a little bit of a break. Why? Information is good, you'll still have that, but you'll kind of protect your positive emotion a bit. I think the second one is just one that we've talked about already, social connection.

• 58:12Speaker 03

  Reach out and try to help someone else, especially if you're feeling vulnerable, especially if you're feeling in a crummy place, just ask, what can I, what very small thing can I do for somebody else? For a friend, text them, just say, hey, thinking about you. Donate three bucks or something, whatever you can financially afford, a little tiny thing to a charity. All of a sudden, that will start making you feel good and you'll be doing good in the world, too.

• 58:34Michelle Obama?

  And I, absolutely.

• 58:36Speaker 03

  Thank you.

• 58:38Michelle Obama?

  And I just want to throw a mom hat, kind of piece on there for James is that, you know, your physical health is directly tied to your emotional status. And I know young people, you aren't at the point where you believe what we've been telling you that you gotta get sleep, you really do. It absolutely matters. You know, why are older people? But probably a little bit happier because I take a nap. And I go, I will go to bed and I love nothing more than going to bed early. Now, if you're in your twenties, that sounds really crazy, but you know, it absolutely matters. And what you eat and whether you move your body, you know, we've got Lori here because like

• 59:22Michelle Obama?

  there is real evidence. We still live in a world where science matters.

• 59:27Speaker 03

  Still, please, please.

• 59:31Michelle Obama?

  As we, as we wonder what, what is wrong, you know, and how we fix it, you know, we can't ignore the fact that there are really smart people who have done really important research to come up with the whys and to give us answers. So this stuff actually matters. And when you're 60 plus, it all makes sense. And, and taking care of yourself, getting outside, making sure you get a little bit of fresh air, how you move your body, what you put in it matters. So if you're young and you, you don't feel it yet, because when you're our age, you will feel it. If you start some of those habits now, you know, it doesn't change the world

• 1:00:13Michelle Obama?

  for sure, you know, it is not, it, it is, voting still matters.

• 1:00:21Michelle Obama?

  But in the meantime, you know, not partying every night of the week and thinking that you're going to wake up in a good mood, that helps too.

• 1:00:32Speaker 03

  Oh, but I think, I think you're like, not only does it, you said it doesn't matter for voting, it doesn't matter for, I think it does, right? If you take care of your body, you're gonna be, you're gonna have the bandwidth and the resilience to, to fight, whether that's fighting at the voting booth or fighting in other ways. And you, you also channeled something else that I often talk to my students about. You mentioned, we mentioned gratitude, right? And gratitude is really changing your thought patterns. It's noticing the delightful stuff and trying to move away from the negative stuff. There's other ways we can use our thought patterns to feel good. I think one of them is just thinking back, right? Getting a little bit of psychological distance. As Michelle said before, things have been bad before, right? And when you remember that, you're like, oh, we came back from it. We've come back from really awful stuff historically, especially if you look in long history, we've come back from really awful stuff.

• 1:01:17Speaker 03

  And what does remembering that do? It makes you realize, oh, things could be different. Even in a bad situation, I can see a path to something being better. What's that? That's hope. That's fighting your own cynicism right there.

• 1:01:29Michelle Obama?

  And one more thing, one more thing, one more thing. You know, for young people out there, I just encourage us all to sort of right-size our happiness meter. Yes. You know, and take a little pressure off of ourselves and not to measure joy and happiness by the wrong things. And let me tell you, look, I, we are successful, we got degrees, we make money, there's nothing wrong with that at all, but it is, I will guarantee you that having stuff, or money, or fame, all the things that right now seem to be so important, you know, extolling the

• 1:02:09Michelle Obama?

  virtues of how much stuff you get, in my experience, that really, truly, is not the key to happiness. And finding out what your purpose is, you know, who you are helping, and why, over how much money you have in your bank account, you know, truly, I know a whole lot of these billionaires, and not all of them, as we can see, seem happy. You know, because that's not, ultimately, if that's your only goal, is to have more than you need, to never be satisfied, if you get on that path, and that's what you're going after, you know, there will be a hole in your heart.

• 1:02:54Michelle Obama?

  And it may feel like it's the world, but it may actually be our misguided sense of what it means to be human. And truly, what it means to be human, isn't whether we get to space, or how much money we have in our bank account, it's really how we treat each other. How do we make each other feel? How, how do we, you know, care for one another? You know, and I guarantee you, if you spend your life doing that, you know, really reordering your steps to be that person in the world, I, I, I can tell you, that's what makes me

• 1:03:34Michelle Obama?

  feel better and hopeful, is directing my energy at a real purpose. That's right. So I would urge James to make sure he's driven by that, and not by some other artificial goals that we've been told are important.

• 1:03:50Craig Robinson?

  That's a great point to end on, Meech. Please.

• 1:03:58Craig Robinson?

  Help me thank Dr. Laurie Santos for being with us.

• 1:04:01Michelle Obama?

  Thank you, Laurie. Thank you so much. Thank you so much.

• 1:04:06Craig Robinson?

  As you can see, we do have a lot of opinions and we could keep this thing going on and on, but you have other things to go to. But before we go, I just want to say, thanks for following us on our new IMO podcast journey.

• 1:04:22Michelle Obama?

  Yeah, thank you guys.

• 1:04:23Craig Robinson?

  And please submit questions to IMOpod.com. And listen and subscribe. Thank you all for being here.

• 1:04:32Michelle Obama?

  Thank you, guys. Thanks, Laurie.

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