Steve Magness: Do Hard Things — The Science of Resilience

A cornerstone of this podcast is exploring why we should all Do Hard Things—which just so happens to be the title of today’s guest’s latest book. Meet Steve Magness. Making his third (but first solo) appearance on the show, Steve is a former elite track and field athlete (4:01 miler), elite coach turned author, and world-renowned expert on all things high performance. In addition, Steve consults on mental skills development for professional sports teams—including some of the top teams in the NBA—and has coached numerous professional athletes to the Olympics and world championship level. Today Steve walks us through a new approach to unlocking true toughness and physical and mental resilience—and how to best lead others to optimal performance. Today’s episode is also viewable on YouTube: bit.ly/stevemagness686 More about Steve + show notes: bit.ly/richroll686 This one is a combination of great stories and actionable takeaways—I hope you enjoy it as much as I did. Peace + Plants, Rich Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:01Steve Magness?

  The easiest way to make an athlete worse is to take away autonomy. Your most important job is not to get them faster, or have them do better, or higher grades, or whatever have you, is to develop the joy of whatever pursuits they're doing. And if you can do that, like, the rest takes care of itself. The environment impacts you more than you realize, more than we account for. I want healthy, happy, human beings who can use sport as a way to challenge and push boundaries, and like, find themselves, and like, struggle, and all those things. But we can do it in a way that makes them grow as individuals, and if we do that, like,

• 0:44Steve Magness?

  who cares if you run 401 or 355? The best thing that you can do as a leader to create resilient teams is to be authentic and support people in a way that helps them be authentic in what they're doing.

• 1:08Rich Roll?

  The Rich Roll Podcast. Hey, everybody. Welcome to the podcast where we have devoted many, many episodes to the subject of why it's important to do hard things, which just so happens to be the title of today's guest's latest book. His name is Steve Magness, and if that rings familiar, it might be because this marks his third, but also his first solo appearance on the show. His first two appearances accompanied by recent guest Brad Stolberg. For those unfamiliar, Steve is a former elite track and field athlete, a 401 miler, and elite track and cross-country coach turned author and world-renowned expert on performance.

• 1:53Rich Roll?

  In addition, Steve consults on mental skills development for professional sports teams, including some of the top teams in the NBA, and has also coached numerous professional athletes to the Olympics and world championship level. His writing has appeared in Outside, Runner's World, Forbes, Sports Illustrated, and Men's Health. His expertise has been featured everywhere, from The New Yorker and The New York Times to The Wall Street Journal. And alongside Mr. Stolberg, Steve pens the Growth Equation newsletter and co-hosts the podcast with Brad of the same name. I've got a few more thoughts on the specifics of the conversation to come, but first.

• 2:40Rich Roll?

  Okay, Steve Magness, Do Hard Things. So today, we deconstruct a new approach to unlocking true toughness, both physical and mental resilience, how to lead others to optimal performance, and the path to unlocking the potential that resides within all of us. We discuss Steve's background as a running prodigy and 401 miler, what he learned from his frustrated ambition to break the lauded four-minute barrier, the healthy mind-body-spirit approach to getting the best out of ourselves and those under our tutelage or leadership, and really, for the first time, Steve shares, very candidly, many never-before-publicly-disclosed

• 3:22Rich Roll?

  thoughts on his experience working under disgraced coach Alberto Salazar at the Nike-Oregon Project, and what ultimately led him to blow the whistle on Salazar's illegal doping activities. I really enjoyed talking to Steve. This one is a combination of great stories and actionable takeaways, so here we go. This is me and Steve Magness.

• 3:48Rich Roll?

  It's good to have you here. I'm excited to talk to you. It's interesting that you're here the same week that the episode with Brad went up, because we've done multiple conversations with the two of you together, but this is my first crack at just getting you alone. So much to talk to you about. The new book is called Do Hard Things. It comes out June 21st, right?

• 4:09Steve Magness?

  Correct.

• 4:09Rich Roll?

  So that's very exciting. Your fourth book?

• 4:12Steve Magness?

  Yes.

• 4:12Rich Roll?

  Four books.

• 4:14Steve Magness?

  Yeah, it's pretty wild.

• 4:15Rich Roll?

  Yeah, and on the heels of retiring as a collegiate track and field coach at University of Houston, where you've been for quite some time.

• 4:23Steve Magness?

  Yeah, nine years, so quite a change.

• 4:25Rich Roll?

  Mm-hmm. How does it feel to no longer be in the academic fold?

• 4:29Steve Magness?

  It's freeing and strange. So freeing because like you're out of this kind of...

• 4:36Steve Magness?

  Bureaucracy that kind of controls your schedule and what you do. But also strange because it was my life for so long.

• 4:43Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 4:43Steve Magness?

  Like, kind of grounded.

• 4:45Rich Roll?

  Well, it dovetails into some of the themes in the book. This idea around agency and having the ability to, you know, kind of control your destiny that are so tied to our ability to be resilient and successful.

• 4:59Steve Magness?

  Yeah, it really does. And it's, it was interesting, writing the book while making this decision. Like, it was almost this surreal moment where I'm like, oh, I wrote about this. I talked about how to navigate these situations where you have like, one part of you pulling you to be like, oh, stay, like, this is your life. And the other part pulling you to be like, you know, this is, you can be free, like, explore this.

• 5:24Rich Roll?

  Right, you gotta, you gotta, you gotta walk your talk.

• 5:26Steve Magness?

  Yeah.

• 5:27Rich Roll?

  You know, if you're gonna be espousing this message. So, here we are, though.

• 5:32Steve Magness?

  Exactly.

• 5:32Rich Roll?

  Yes, you had agency to get on a plane this morning and, and come here and fly back to Houston tonight, which is its own endurance event.

• 5:40Steve Magness?

  That's right, you know, still got that, might not be as fast as I once was, but still got the mindset, right?

• 5:45Rich Roll?

  Yeah. Well, I thought we could take an opportunity to kind of dive into your personal background in a little bit more depth because although we've touched on it in our other conversations, A, those conversations were a long time ago. And secondly, they've always just been, you know, in the context of something else that we've talked about. So, we haven't really heard your full story. So, why don't we just begin with you as this high school track and field prodigy? And what went right and what went wrong?

• 6:17Steve Magness?

  Yeah, let's go all the way back to what I call the beginning, which is, I ran really fast in high school. And I ran really fast, actually, early in high school. So, when I was a freshman, I ran 421 in the mile, which at that time was like the second or third fastest freshman in the country. And I wasn't very good in junior high. I ran track, but I mostly played soccer. So, I got thrown out onto the stage of like, oh my gosh, people expect things of me.

• 6:45Rich Roll?

  But how did that leap take place so quickly?

• 6:48Steve Magness?

  You know, I think it was just kind of a bless of puberty hitting. And then, like, I actually trained. So I got kind of taken up like under the wing of some of the older athletes who said like, "Hey, Steve, like if you if you're gonna run cross country, like you should train." And I didn't train at all. Like, I didn't do anything. So I remember the first run that I did with one of these senior athletes who said, "Hey, we're gonna go run five miles." And I was like, "Five, five miles?" Like, I ran a mile and a half race and track, and that's the furthest I've ever run. And it's like, "Oh, you'll be all right."

• 7:26Steve Magness?

  I get to three miles. I stop. I throw up and tell him, like, "I'm walking home. This sucks. I'm done." And he said, "Steve, you can be good. To be good, you have to put in the work." And that just kind of stuck with me where I was just like, "All right, I guess I'm gonna try and be good at this thing called running," and it just kind of carried on.

• 7:52Rich Roll?

  So from that moment of throwing up in the midst of a five-mile run to running 423 or whatever it was that year, like, how much time had elapsed?

• 8:01Steve Magness?

  So that was maybe about five months.

• 8:04Rich Roll?

  That's it. That's crazy.

• 8:06Steve Magness?

  Yeah. So I mean, I just skyrocketed. Every single race, I got better, better, better, better. It just came kind of naturally. Because I was training, I was competing. The coaches were just like, I remember, again, my freshman year, this was, this was, let's say, 1999, 2000. So a high schooler hadn't broken four since like the 1960s. And I remember my high school coach pulled me aside and said, "Steve, you have the opportunity in a couple of years where I think you can break the four-minute barrier." And I was like, "I'll know what that is." And he said, "Go home and look up Jim Ryan." So I go home on like the dial-up internet and look up who Jim Ryan is. I'm like, "Holy crap, like, this guy ran 355 in the mile in high school?

• 8:51Steve Magness?

  Like, my coach thinks I can be kind of like this guy? Okay, let's go."

• 8:56Rich Roll?

  Did you have a coach who knew what he was doing?

• 9:00Steve Magness?

  Yeah, I did. He ran and I had two coaches, one who ran in college. So he was familiar with distance running. And the one had been a track coach for like 20 years, but coached sprinters and elite level sprinters at the high school level. But he didn't know anything about distance running. But he was just like, I'm gonna help you out. I'm gonna, I'm gonna learn as much as I can because I think we've got this phenomenal talent.

• 9:25Rich Roll?

  Right. So these two guys are like, we got something special here. We gotta up our game and try to see what we can make of this young Steve Magness. And fast forward to you being a senior.

• 9:37Steve Magness?

  So the funny thing is, I skyrocketed. And then for the next couple of years, I stagnated. So I, my best mile going into my senior year was, I think, around 417. So only small improvements. And then my senior year, I just hit that magic again, where every race I got faster, faster, faster, faster, until I ran a 401 mile on the biggest stage at the Nike Prefontaine Classic against, you know, Bernard Lagat, who was the fastest person in the world at that time, and all these, these phenomenal athletes.

• 10:14Rich Roll?

  Right. The goal, however, being to go under four.

• 10:18Steve Magness?

  And it drove me nuts because I ran 401 there. I ran 401 in another high school meet. I ran 403 somewhere else. So I was always knocking at the door. And I thought, gosh, I'm so close. Like, this is here. But in the back of my mind, I always, I just kind of knew. I said, you know what, if I don't get it, like, I'm gonna, I'm gonna crush this thing in college. This is no big deal. Like, I'm at the beginning. But I didn't.

• 10:50Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 10:50Steve Magness?

  So that 401 mile in high school remained the fastest time that I ever ran.

• 10:56Rich Roll?

  Right. And looking back at that period of time in your life, with all the coaching experience that you have today, do you sort of cycle through, I should have done this, I could have done that, why didn't I do this? And how much of that is related to you writing these books about, you know, how to approach your goals in a healthier and, and, you know, more robust way?

• 11:20Steve Magness?

  For a long time.

• 11:23Steve Magness?

  That 401 and not 350 something really bothered me. Because running was my thing. It was what I got known for. It was what I was good at. It was what I saw other people have expectations for me as. So my secret weapon was always hard work. So I just work harder, harder, harder. And if things didn't go well, I just doubled down on that. So looking back, absolutely.

• 11:54Rich Roll?

  Which is natural. That's a natural response.

• 11:57Steve Magness?

  Natural response. But I think, looking back, I'd say almost all of these, the books that I've written, have had some like origin in the fact that I ran 401 and not 359.

• 12:10Rich Roll?

  If only if, yeah, like sort of premise.

• 12:13Steve Magness?

  Yeah. And it's not so much that now that I want to go like back and do this. I almost think the best thing that happened to me was not breaking that barrier. Because it forced me to come to terms with something, which is I was narrowly focused and my entire world was running. And in college especially, as I was trying to break that barrier, if a race didn't go well, I was devastated. My world was crushed.

• 12:45Rich Roll?

  There was no separation between identity and performance.

• 12:49Steve Magness?

  Zero. It was, if I ran 405, it was Steve, you are a failure. Like you yourself are a failure. And that was, that was really difficult to wrestle.

• 13:02Rich Roll?

  Yeah. Yeah. And your academic career was really just an excuse to continue to train. I've heard you speak about like, you weren't really all that tapped into whatever you were doing at school. And even graduate school was just basically a way to get your parents off your back so you could keep training.

• 13:19Steve Magness?

  Yeah. So exactly. So after I had finished my undergrad, I kind of bummed around for six months and just like literally bummed around, like lived off the, the small savings I had and trained. And after about six months, my parents are like, Steve, you have to do something with your life. Like you're smart, you're driven, you gotta do something.

• 13:41Rich Roll?

  Uh huh. So how did you find your way into coaching?

• 13:44Steve Magness?

  So it was, it was pretty much. I went to grad school so that I could buy myself time to keep training and figure out what to do.

• 13:52Rich Roll?

  Hmm.

• 13:53Steve Magness?

  And then I found my way into coaching because when I was in, right before grad school, the high school coach I had, had retired. And they didn't have a new coach. And they were gonna fill a coach, but they just kind of took their time as all high school coaches did. And it was the summer and I was back home training, like, living with my parents, bumming around, figuring out what to do.

• 14:17Rich Roll?

  Hmm.

• 14:18Steve Magness?

  And I trained at the, like, One Park in the suburbs of Houston that everyone trained at. And I had all these high school kids who were like, "We have no direction. They haven't hired a coach. Like, can you help us out?" And I was like, "All right, sure." And there were a bunch of really dedicated and great kids. And helping them out is what launched me into coaching, because I was like, "This is fun." Like, I'm getting to give back. And, and at that time, I had not as much awareness, but just enough self-awareness where I could be like, "You know, here's a couple of really talented kids who had the, who had the, the talent to make it on the college and maybe even beyond level. And maybe I can pass along some wisdom so that they, they can like course correct away from the path that I took."

• 15:03Rich Roll?

  Hmm. Interesting, because another response to that, that I wouldn't judge you for, would be like, "I don't want anything to do with running anymore. Like, I didn't achieve my goals." And you could kind of grind on that resentment and just move in a completely different direction.

• 15:19Steve Magness?

  Yeah. I, I, I think that was, that would have been a legitimate option. And I think in some ways, running was the only thing I knew. Because I just, I did well in school, but I didn't care at all about anything else. Nothing else piqued my interest. The, the coaching and the kind of exercise science and psychology piqued my interest, probably out of selfish reasons at first, to understand. But like, that's the only thing where I was like, "Oh, this might be interesting."

• 15:47Rich Roll?

  Yeah. So, it starts out with you just, of your own accord and goodwill, helping out these high school kids. But how does that, you know, position you to end up as this elite guru of track and field?

• 16:01Steve Magness?

  I honestly, you know, it's almost like I have no idea because it happened so fast. I started coaching high school kids and then at the same time I was like, well, I'm learning a lot. I'm just going to put out like in those days, like 2010, I was like, I'm going to put out a blog online. And I just start writing about like the science and I was in grad school and the coaching and kind of, you know, intertwining each and talking about the lessons learned. And that did fairly well. And then I think really that started is I was finishing up grad school. I was debating whether I should finish early, which I could if I pressed a class in my thesis.

• 16:45Steve Magness?

  Or stick around and bum around for another semester and kind of keep it going so that I could delay my real life. And then I get a call out of the blue from Alberto Salazar.

• 16:57Rich Roll?

  So you went straight from blogger helping out high school kids to Nike Oregon project?

• 17:03Steve Magness?

  Yes.

• 17:05Rich Roll?

  I mean, that's, that doesn't happen, right? Like, that's, that's wild. And you didn't have any real coaching credentials?

• 17:13Steve Magness?

  No.

• 17:14Rich Roll?

  And you weren't a superstar as a runner. You flamed out in high school. So what, what do you think sort of alerted Alberto that you would be a good candidate to join his, his project? Which we're going to get into, but.

• 17:27Steve Magness?

  So.

• 17:28Rich Roll?

  Aside from all the nonsense.

• 17:31Steve Magness?

  What he told me at the time, and looking back, I think I'd answer this question differently, but I'm going to give you my, my at the time moment is that

• 17:42Steve Magness?

  he read something that I wrote and he referenced that it was like on some, you know, analyzing some training of some elite Ethiopians and Kenyans. And he was like, this is great. We're looking for an assistant coach with some science background to come in and like, help me out. Are you interested? And I was like, 100%. And to me, at that time, I thought I had hit like the jackpot. I thought I was like, this was a dream job right away. This is something that I thought maybe, maybe if I worked hard could occur like 20 years in the future.

• 18:21Rich Roll?

  Right.

• 18:22Steve Magness?

  So I was, I was all in.

• 18:24Rich Roll?

  All in from day one.

• 18:25Steve Magness?

  Yeah.

• 18:25Rich Roll?

  And so you just pack your bags, move to Eugene.

• 18:29Steve Magness?

  Portland.

• 18:30Rich Roll?

  Portland, yes, Portland. Sorry. And, and hence began this very interesting chapter of your life.

• 18:38Steve Magness?

  It only lasted about a year and a half, but it impacted my entire life for the next, you know, well, it's been 10, 11 years.

• 18:47Rich Roll?

  Right. So, so much has been well documented about what happened with Alberto Salazar and the Nike Oregon project. We don't have to rehash all the dirty details of all of that. But I do want to give you an opportunity to share your perspective on what went down. I mean, you've been interviewed, you testified. So there's quite a bit of public record out there about this. And as we were chatting before the podcast, at the same time, you've done a really good job of not allowing, you know, this identity of you as a whistleblower in that context to define who you are or the work that you do, which, you know, that befalls a lot of people who have the audacity or the courage to step out and, you know,

• 19:29Rich Roll?

  publicly denounce something that they see that is, you know, not so good.

• 19:35Steve Magness?

  Yeah, I was, I would, I think the, I've handled it that way because I was keenly aware of what happens when your identity is like one thing because of my running. And I remember thinking about this before I blew the whistle is like, this is the thing, like this could completely define who you are and you'll have no control over it. And so I've tried to be like conscious and aware of that. So yeah, it I've tried to be intentional.

• 20:07Rich Roll?

  Right. So for people who who are perhaps not that familiar with what happened, maybe walk through the evolution around you becoming aware that, you know, things were not as they seemed.

• 20:18Steve Magness?

  Yeah. So early on, as I said, I thought it was my dream job. But and I think that's an important framing because when you go in with that mindset, what happens is you start to like, you look on the bright side of everything. So early on, I'd see some items that I was like, huh, that's kind of weird.

• 20:43Rich Roll?

  Like, what would be an example of that?

• 20:46Steve Magness?

  Very early on, like, I remember it was a couple of months after I got there, and one of the athletes had to use some prescription drug after a race. And then it said it was asthma related, right? And then there was Alberto started freaking out because then, well, this drug isn't allowed in competition, and the athlete was about to race again days later. So I get the call from Alberto, and he says, Steve, I need

• 21:22Steve Magness?

  you to pick up a sample of pee from this athlete, fly it to Minnesota, drop it off, and they're going to test it to see if it contains the drug.

• 21:40Rich Roll?

  And this was to transpire days in advance of a certain race?

• 21:45Steve Magness?

  Yes. And he was like, if it doesn't, no race. If it does, he won't. We'll pull him out.

• 21:52Rich Roll?

  And was that drug prescribed at the behest of Salazar?

• 21:58Steve Magness?

  So this is the other interesting part that I again, realize kind of early on, but kind of excused away is that a lot of the doctors who helped the team and then Salazar, who was in charge of it, the relationship was like almost intertwined, where there's several cases where.

• 22:23Steve Magness?

  Alberto would be like, this athlete needs this, which was a prescription drug, which as a non-doctor, like, he shouldn't be able to, like, he's not a doctor, he can't do that. Or there'd be cases at the track where it'd be like, here, you need to take this. And then he'd hand someone a prescription bottle of someone else, or give someone else, like, a prescription inhaler that didn't belong to them, that wasn't prescribed to them. So it was like, a bunch of this, these things that push beyond, like, the normal, like, doctor-patient, like, you know, workings.

• 23:05Rich Roll?

  And you're just making mental notes of these little incidents that are happening, and, you know, out in the open.

• 23:11Steve Magness?

  Yeah.

• 23:12Rich Roll?

  Relatively, within the, within the ecosystem of this team.

• 23:16Steve Magness?

  Right. And that, and that's kind of what it was. And then I think the first time my alarm bell went off, is I was looking through a scientific research report, done by the, the man who was formerly the head of the Nike Sports Science Lab. And I'm just perusing through it, it's on, like, altitude training. And I see this, the, the doctor's notes, the scientist's notes, and it, it says, under Galen Rupp's name, it says presently on testosterone medication.

• 23:54Steve Magness?

  And as someone who's not esteemed and, and not a doctor, but I know when testosterone medication comes in, I'm like,

• 24:02Rich Roll?

  You're like, huh.

• 24:03Steve Magness?

  Oh, this is weird.

• 24:05Rich Roll?

  And so what do you do with that information?

• 24:09Steve Magness?

  I'll tell, I mean, initially, I called my parents for advice, I'll be honest. Because I was like, I don't know what to do. This is strange. Like, I know testosterone's illegal. Like, what do I do? And they're like, well, you gotta confront Alberto.

• 24:24Rich Roll?

  Right. Maybe there's an exemptive use authorization here. You don't really know what you're dealing with at this point.

• 24:31Steve Magness?

  Exactly. So I like get up the courage because Alberto's, again, my boss, intimidating guy. And I'm just like, talk myself through it. And I walk in there and I'm just like, hey, Alberto, I need to ask you a question. And he like turns around and his, his kind of desk and he was like, okay, what is it, Steve? What is this? Like, I noticed this. Can you explain this? And he goes, he kind of has taken aback. And then he goes, oh, you know, that Lauren Myrie, like, he's, he's crazy. He's died. He's losing his mind. Like, I don't know what this note is. Like, I don't know. Like, you know, you go, take it down to the lab and see if they have an explanation.

• 25:15Rich Roll?

  Lauren being the sports.

• 25:17Steve Magness?

  Sports scientist. Yeah. And I take it down to the lab and they're like, I, I mean, I can, we can look through his old notes and see that. And I'm like, okay, I'd appreciate that. I just want to know. And that was, that was the last I heard of it.

• 25:34Steve Magness?

  Never got an answer.

• 25:35Rich Roll?

  Right. At some point, Alberto convinces you to hook yourself up to an L-carnitine IV drip for a four hour period. So help me understand this and, and why that was kind of a seminal moment in, in this process of wrapping your brain around what was actually happening.

• 25:56Steve Magness?

  So this is, this was my biggest regret. And it's still hard to like, think about how, oh, I was this person who did this. And what it was, was simple. Is that Alberto had found some supplement that was made in the UK that had L-carnitine that you drank.

• 26:19Steve Magness?

  But it took like three months to work because you needed enough to build up in the muscle. Well, Alberto was a very impatient person and we had people on the team who were getting ready for the Olympic trials and marathon. He said, we don't have three months. We need to figure out a quicker way.

• 26:37Rich Roll?

  And L-carnitine isn't a banned substance.

• 26:39Steve Magness?

  Not a banned substance.

• 26:40Rich Roll?

  But administering it via IV is a dubious question mark.

• 26:46Steve Magness?

  Exactly. So what happened is the better way, which they concocted with scientists and the team doctor and all this stuff was we're going to inject it. So it's not like drinking the thing. It'll work pretty much right away. And then we'll be good and we'll do all this stuff. Well, it was a procedure that hadn't been done before, to my knowledge, in this way at least. So I get a call right before Thanksgiving where Alberto says, Steve, do you feel like going home for Thanksgiving? I was like, yeah, I'd love to go home for Thanksgiving. He said, great. Dr. Brown, who was the team doctor, lives in Houston.

• 27:31Steve Magness?

  He was my personal doctor since the age of like 15 because he's in Houston and that's who I got referred to. So I'm like, okay. And he was like, we're going to do this procedure on you to test if this works. And if it works, then we're going to use it on all the athletes.

• 27:49Rich Roll?

  And this is after the testosterone Galen Rupp thing?

• 27:53Steve Magness?

  Yes. So at first I was like, this sounds really strange. I don't know about this. So I called Dr. Brown up, again, my personal doctor. I said, is this safe and legal? And he said, yeah, it's safe. It's legal. We're going to do it the right way. I'll take your blood and we'll make sure you're healthy. And I was like, I don't know about this. He goes, it's safe. It's okay. And I just gave in and I said, okay, I'll do it. And it's hard in that moment, it's hard to look at myself and be like, what were you doing? Like, who are you? Like, you wouldn't do, you wouldn't take it, sit there and take

• 28:35Steve Magness?

  an injection for four hours in a doctor's office? But yet I did. And I think a lot of it was, I so wanted this job to be real.

• 28:52Steve Magness?

  I trusted the guy who was my personal physician to look out for my health.

• 28:59Steve Magness?

  And then the other aspect of it that I haven't really talked about is that Alberto was really good at figuring out what athletes wanted, or what people wanted and needed, and then using that.

• 29:16Steve Magness?

  So what I mean, what I mean by that for myself is throughout my time there, he would bounce back and forth between, Steve, you're doing a phenomenal job. I'm going to give you like a three-year contract in a huge race. And I'd be like ecstatic, let's do it. Like, great, I'm going to be, and then he'd be like, Steve, you're going to be the next person who takes over after I retire in a couple of years. He's saying, this is yours. You're going to be in charge of the best distance runners on the planet.

• 29:48Rich Roll?

  Yeah, it's intoxicating.

• 29:50Steve Magness?

  And I said-

• 29:50Rich Roll?

  And you're like, what, 25 at this point or something?

• 29:53Steve Magness?

  25.

• 29:54Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 29:55Steve Magness?

  But then he would do the opposite every once in a while, where he'd say, Steve, I'm going to cut your, your, your contract down. You're going to be six months, you got to prove yourself. And he'd go back and forth. And right before this L. Carnation thing, there was this period that went from the beginning and then through this, through the L. Carnation thing, where I didn't receive a paycheck for six months.

• 30:22Rich Roll?

  How was that?

• 30:24Steve Magness?

  I can't tell you how it occurred, but I had a contract with Nike, biggest, you know-

• 30:31Rich Roll?

  Right.

• 30:31Steve Magness?

  Athletic company, but I didn't get paid for six months. And I'd ask Alberto, and he'd be like, ah, yeah, they're just going through details. We changed some contract, some stuff, so it'll come through, it'll come through. And I'd be like, so I'd be like, okay, it'll come through. A month would go by, I'd ask again. And this went on until, you know, right before I left.

• 30:55Steve Magness?

  And periodically they'd be like, oh, Steve, do you need a loan? I'll give you a personal loan to hold you through.

• 31:03Rich Roll?

  All these mechanisms to create dependency and enhances ability to control you, which is really that abuse cycle. Like you have, you, you give the love and then you withhold it and you create a circumstance where you're stuck.

• 31:19Steve Magness?

  Exactly. And looking back, that's what I see now when you're in it.

• 31:25Rich Roll?

  Sure.

• 31:26Steve Magness?

  You can't see it.

• 31:27Rich Roll?

  You can't see it. Yeah. Yeah, that's heavy, man. That's heavy. I mean, clearly he must have had something to do with the withholding of your salary. Do you think there was an intentional act on his part to, so that he could be the puppet master?

• 31:45Steve Magness?

  I think so.

• 31:46Rich Roll?

  And even also stepping back, identifying you with that decision to hire you, it's like, oh, this guy's bright and young, but also he doesn't know anything. Like I can control this guy. He can be my, you know, lieutenant and he's going to do what I tell him to do.

• 32:01Steve Magness?

  A hundred percent. And you look at it also as their team doctor was my personal doctor.

• 32:07Rich Roll?

  Right.

• 32:08Steve Magness?

  So there's all these like things there where it's like, I used to think, as I said at the beginning, I was like, oh, you identified me. I, I wrote something great, blah, blah, blah. But the reality is I was a young guy who hadn't had experience, who would see this as his dream job, who was admittedly a running nerd, right? Who fell short in his own career and has this opportunity. And he probably thought I can manipulate the hell out of him, right?

• 32:47Rich Roll?

  So there you are back in Houston, hooking an IV up to your arm.

• 32:51Steve Magness?

  Yeah.

• 32:52Rich Roll?

  So explain what L-carnitine is and what it did to you.

• 32:58Steve Magness?

  So it's amino acid that essentially the research shows it helps us be more efficient in the fuel that we utilize. So, simple terms, burn less carbohydrates so that you can save those in something like the marathon. So it makes a relatively, I mean, a big effect.

• 33:21Rich Roll?

  Right. And your experience personally after this four-hour drip, I mean, you said like you felt like superhuman.

• 33:28Steve Magness?

  Yeah. I mean, I remember it is I did testing on the treadmill like in the lab before and after. My numbers shot up. And then, just to see what happened, I got thrown in a workout with Dathan Ritzenheim, one of the best American males ever, and he's doing a long marathon-paced tempo run at like five-minute pace or faster. And I run 11 out of the, I think, 14 miles with him. And I'm not compete, like...

• 34:00Rich Roll?

  Right. You're coaching at this point.

• 34:02Steve Magness?

  Yes. I'm not, I'm not in that shape. I went through 10 miles faster than I'd ever run 10 miles.

• 34:09Rich Roll?

  Wow.

• 34:10Steve Magness?

  And I felt fine. I could have, and I remember having this conversation because it was before the Olympic Trials, I could have qualified for the Olympic Trials, no question asked, like, the next day if I needed to.

• 34:23Rich Roll?

  That's wild. So with that realization, how do you arrive at this place where you, you're prepared to say something publicly or to report to somebody what you're seeing?

• 34:38Steve Magness?

  First, it took the guts to leave.

• 34:42Steve Magness?

  Where I was like, this is crazy. I feel like, and I remember telling my parents this and they, I said, I feel like I'm in a cult because it's not just like these shady stuff over there. It's also like the shady stuff with like how they treated like Kara Goucher and Amy Begley and all these others. And I was just like, this is manipulative as hell.

• 35:03Rich Roll?

  Right. Cause on top of that, anybody who listened to the episode I did with Mary Kane, she talks about, you know, the head game aspect of this, which is the other piece.

• 35:12Steve Magness?

  And that's, I remember this, this was right before I left, but I got pulled into a meeting and Alberto is going over athlete stuff and he pulls out an athlete we're talking about. It's Alberto Darren Treasure, who was like called the sports psychologist and me. And they're going over the athletes. They pull out one athlete and this athlete had just made their first world championship team. And he goes, she's too fat. Her butt's so big, she can't lift her legs. And in my head, I'm like, she's made her first world championship team. Like she's PR and all left and right. And like, I'm like, okay,

• 35:54Steve Magness?

  let me look at the data because that's who I am, the science data guy. I pull out the data, body fat testing using the gold standard like measurement. And it was something like 10, 11%, which is about as low as you can get as a female. And I say, hey, here's the data, Alberto, like it's fine. You can't go any lower. And he turns to me and says, I don't give a damn what the science says. I know what I see with my eyes. She needs to lose weight. And then Darren like sees the controversy butts in is like, well, maybe instead of saying, lose weight, why don't we give an example of, of what she should look like? And Darren

• 36:36Steve Magness?

  goes, she should look like, how about Jenny Simpson, who was at, at the time, the world chick, like coming off being the world champion in the 1500. And Alberto goes, Jenny's too fat. Whoa. So in that moment, I knew.

• 36:58Steve Magness?

  No science matters, no data matters, nothing else matters except the perception in Alberto's head. And as weird as it sounds, I remember thinking like, this is like, I can't do what I need to, I can't support this, I gotta get out of here.

• 37:15Rich Roll?

  Hmm, which is a pretty bold realization and move for somebody so young, and this is really your first job, you had to, you know, imagine, is he gonna blackball me, is this gonna prevent me from being able to go coach somewhere else? How did you like handle the departure?

• 37:33Steve Magness?

  I tried to handle it well, and initially it seemed like it was going well. We had a conversation, it was somewhat civil, I was like, okay, I'm not gonna hold you back, you're young, like, just get out, that's fine. It's a great. Couple of days later, Alberto flips completely, gets angry, starts sending these emails, one of which literally threatens black, like, blackballing me, telling me, because I was like, he was like, what are you gonna do? I said, I think I'm gonna go coach in college. And he said, fine, great.

• 38:12Steve Magness?

  Couple of days later, he says, Steve, remember that Nike sponsors the vast majority of college track teams, college sports teams? So keep that in mind on what you want me to say to them.

• 38:26Rich Roll?

  Wow. The reign of terror.

• 38:30Steve Magness?

  So, like, that's how it left?

• 38:35Rich Roll?

  Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. That's terrifying. So how do you, you know, get the gumption to speak out? Was there some other incident or act that occurred that crossed the line enough where you were like, I can't, I can't sit on this information anymore?

• 38:52Steve Magness?

  I went home to Houston. I was fortunate, I got the college job, cross-country job at Houston, which was my alum, so I knew the head coach, I knew it was gonna be fine, but...

• 39:07Steve Magness?

  I tried to put it behind me. I didn't want to talk about it. I declined all interviews. I didn't want to speak about it. I just wanted to move on. And that's what I tried to do.

• 39:17Steve Magness?

  And I saw the Olympic Games. I saw two Oregon project athletes go 1-2. That was hard to watch because I knew behind the scenes what was going on.

• 39:28Steve Magness?

  And then I saw that Alberto was in discussion with coaching this high school phenom named Mary Kane.

• 39:39Steve Magness?

  And I remember at that time, no one, like, the people who knew anything about it was essentially my, my family and my best friend.

• 39:50Steve Magness?

  And I remember calling up my best friend and being like, who was also ran in with in college and said, "This is gonna be an utter disaster." Because? Alberto treated grown women like shit. I couldn't imagine a high school kid going into that environment,

• 40:15Steve Magness?

  having those expectations,

• 40:19Steve Magness?

  and being in that situation. In my head, I was like, I was 25,

• 40:28Steve Magness?

  and it was, I couldn't handle that at all. And it was like the worst decision I ever made.

• 40:35Steve Magness?

  This is gonna be an utter disaster. Which is exactly what happened.

• 40:40Steve Magness?

  So, off of that, I called USADA. Well, I, I, I sent them an email.

• 40:48Steve Magness?

  Didn't tell anybody I was gonna do it. All my parents and they said, "Don't, you don't want to whistleblow." They actually had a, a Texas, like, judge, a well-known judge, call me up and, and walk me through what would happen most likely if I blew the whistle and if I didn't. And he said, "Look, it's probably the right thing to blow the whistle,

• 41:13Steve Magness?

  but I've been behind the bench for 30 years, and this could potentially ruin your life and get no benefit or change out of this."

• 41:26Steve Magness?

  So no one want

• 41:27Rich Roll?

  With Nike behind it.

• 41:29Steve Magness?

  Yes.

• 41:29Rich Roll?

  And unlimited resources to just upend your life.

• 41:33Steve Magness?

  Yep.

• 41:34Rich Roll?

  And yet you still went through with it.

• 41:38Steve Magness?

  Yeah, it ate away at my soul. I tried to push it away. I tried to ignore it, but it just

• 41:49Steve Magness?

  ate at me until the point I just remember thinking, whatever happens, at least if nothing good comes out of this, at least people will know. And then they can make the decision that you didn't have that opportunity to make because you had no knowledge. There was nothing out there. So I wrote up an email in five minutes, hit send, and that started.

• 42:15Rich Roll?

  That basically said what?

• 42:19Steve Magness?

  It was like a two paragraph email that outlined, hey, I saw this document that said testosterone. I know they're doing L carnitine injections. There's a lot of sketchy stuff going on. I suggest you investigate them.

• 42:36Rich Roll?

  And who was that email addressed to specifically?

• 42:40Steve Magness?

  It was

• 42:41Rich Roll?

  Just you thought like they're like, go to their website. Oh, yeah. Wow.

• 42:45Steve Magness?

  I went to their website. They have a tip line and I, I just sent it in.

• 42:50Rich Roll?

  Yeah. And what's interesting is you had enough foreknowledge to know what you were getting into. It wasn't like a spontaneous, like, I'm just going to send this off and I'm not going to worry about it. Like you knew that potentially there was a hurricane coming in your direction. So how long before this kicked up a kerfuffle?

• 43:12Steve Magness?

  So it started, it was behind the scenes. It was a lot because USADA would interview me and call me all the time and randomly and all this stuff. And then reporters at this time, within about six months, they're starting to kick the can. They're starting to call me being like, hey, I'm here.

• 43:32Rich Roll?

  But they're hearing it from somewhere else.

• 43:34Steve Magness?

  Somewhere else.

• 43:34Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 43:35Steve Magness?

  I'm hearing something, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. And for the longest time I said, nope, nope, nope. I can't do anything.

• 43:43Steve Magness?

  But I remember Dave Epstein called me, and this was after a year of kind of USADA. And USADA was interesting because it was like firestorm of activity, four months of nothing.

• 43:57Steve Magness?

  Firestorm of activity, nothing.

• 44:02Steve Magness?

  And Dave was the first person who I was like, okay, I'm gonna, I'm gonna talk to Dave.

• 44:06Rich Roll?

  He was with ProPublica at the time, before all his books and all of that.

• 44:10Steve Magness?

  Yes.

• 44:11Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 44:12Steve Magness?

  So I started to tell Dave, he worked with the BBC. And that's when I knew, they were like, hey, we have, behind the scenes, they said, hey, we've got Kara Goutcher, other people telling our story. And I hadn't talked to Kara. And I was intentional, actually, during the almost 10 years that this came out, to really not talk to Kara. And I remember thinking, okay, if Kara's gonna like do this as well, then the story needs to be told. And that, once it started going down this path,

• 44:57Steve Magness?

  and USADA was aware that, I was talking to Epstein, once it started going down this path,

• 45:05Steve Magness?

  I knew that as soon as this came out, it was gonna be a firestorm. It was gonna be, like, I had to be prepared. And then specifically, I remember being at a track meet, a Diamond League track meet, so big time track meet. And in the warm-up area, because I was there with the athlete, Alberto comes around, comes up to me and says, "Steve, did you see anything while you were here?" And I was like, "I don't know what you're talking about, Alberto." He's like, "I'm hearing reports, like some rumblings of something." I said, "I don't know what you're talking about, Alberto." And I just walked off.

• 45:46Steve Magness?

  And I knew that I had to prepare for like the chaos that was coming.

• 45:53Rich Roll?

  In other words, he's telegraphing to you, I know what you're up to. Just so you know, I know.

• 46:00Steve Magness?

  Yes, exactly.

• 46:02Rich Roll?

  Right. And how long before the press really cottons on to this and the big stories break? Or did that happen with the legal proceedings?

• 46:13Steve Magness?

  So it happened, I think, I think I blew the whistle at the end of 2012. And then somewhere in around 2014, 2015 is when it all blew up in the press. And that was when the chaos started. But before that, like, I didn't know what was gonna happen.

• 46:35Rich Roll?

  It had to be terrifying.

• 46:37Steve Magness?

  It, I had to come to terms with that I would never work in running and never coach again. That's what I had to wrap my head around. And we talked at the beginning, I've had four books. The first book, Science of Running, which was self-published. I put it out there right before the original like piece was supposed to come out.

• 47:02Rich Roll?

  As a prophylactic, like, just so you know, before I head into this, I actually know what I'm talking about with running. And maybe there'd be some kind of insurance policy for your career.

• 47:11Steve Magness?

  Exactly.

• 47:11Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 47:12Steve Magness?

  So that I had something else financially, expertise wise, something else that I was like, okay, if this all goes to hell in a handbasket, I'll be okay for a while to figure out what the next path is.

• 47:26Rich Roll?

  How bad did it get? I mean, did you, did they have people following you? Were they digging up, trying to dig up dirt on you and publishing false accounts in the press of who you were? Like, what was your lived experience of that period?

• 47:40Steve Magness?

  I mean, it was, I had to get off the internet.

• 47:45Steve Magness?

  Which is much harder than you realize it is in the modern world. But it was driving me nuts. Because yeah, there'd be a bunch of-

• 47:54Rich Roll?

  You're getting dragged.

• 47:55Steve Magness?

  Getting dragged in the press, getting dragged wherever. I'd show up to track meets and, and literally other coaches would be like, hey, Steve, like, good to see you, but I don't want to be near you. And I'd be like the ostracized like person over in the corner. Because Nike is the biggest thing in track and field.

• 48:15Rich Roll?

  Right.

• 48:17Steve Magness?

  And it was, I mean, I had the FBI show up at my house. I had reporters literally stalk me at my house and at my work.

• 48:28Rich Roll?

  So crazy. All leading up to, of course, this pinnacle moment of you testifying with Alberto sitting right there.

• 48:40Steve Magness?

  It's the hardest thing I've ever done was not blowing the whistle. It was sitting there in that room.

• 48:47Steve Magness?

  It, I never, I thought I knew kind of what a panic attack was.

• 48:53Steve Magness?

  But I didn't know until experiencing that. Cause I remember sitting there being like, oh my dear Lord. Like,

• 49:04Steve Magness?

  I'm about to like have to share everything, get grilled, et cetera. They're going to try and tear me apart.

• 49:12Steve Magness?

  And it was nerve wracking. Like I'm an introvert by nature. I, I like to write. I don't, like, I do get up and talk, but it's not my thing. So it was the worst experience of my life. I wouldn't wish anybody else to have that.

• 49:29Rich Roll?

  Yeah, to have him sitting there. I mean, was he just steely eyeing you the whole time? And, and what was the experience of being cross examined in that context?

• 49:38Steve Magness?

  Horrible.

• 49:39Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 49:40Steve Magness?

  Yeah, I mean, they're just staring you down. And trying to like poke any sort of hole, twist, any sort of thing you've done or said at any moment in basically the history of your, your life.

• 49:55Rich Roll?

  Right.

• 49:56Steve Magness?

  It's throwing whatever sticks at the wall. And here you are in your head, you're like, that didn't happen. Like, what in the world are you talking about? Like, this is BS. But like you, all you can do is say that. And they try and confuse everything because you got to remember at the time of this stuff, it's, it's all stuff that happened five, six, seven, you know, by the end of it, nine years ago, 10 years ago.

• 50:29Rich Roll?

  And you only actually saw a couple incidents, right? So it's not like you were, you know, down in the basement with whatever doctor he was working with and really had, you know, hands on firsthand accounts of all kinds of stuff. So it's, you could see how they could pick that apart and create doubt.

• 50:48Steve Magness?

  Exactly. It's not like I had the smoking gun where I saw someone like inject themselves with a steroid and took a picture of it. Like I didn't, I didn't do that. So because it was so nuanced and because again, you're looking at people in the panel who maybe don't have the expertise to understand what high level sport and the science behind it and all this stuff.

• 51:15Rich Roll?

  And what is illegal and what isn't.

• 51:17Steve Magness?

  Exactly. And what's normal and what's not normal in sport, you know? And, and that, that was really hard because I'm sitting here being like, no, you guys like, this is crazy. This is not normal. Like this doesn't occur anywhere else, but like to convey that is something else.

• 51:37Rich Roll?

  Right. Well, you did the thing and what happened, happened. And in the wake of that, have you had any direct correspondence with Salazar? Like, has he reached out to you? Has he tried to contact you? No.

• 51:50Steve Magness?

  No, no. I mean, those guys.

• 51:53Rich Roll?

  Yeah. And what about when you bump, bump into Nike people at track meets and things like that?

• 52:00Steve Magness?

  I mean, before all the verdicts came, they'd try and intimidate me.

• 52:04Rich Roll?

  Yeah. But have they cleaned house since then? So it's new and different people?

• 52:08Steve Magness?

  They have for the most part, not entirely, but a lot of them are different and gone.

• 52:18Steve Magness?

  So it's, it's, it's just strange, honestly. Because in my head, I'm sitting there being like, look, I'm not trying to ruin anyone's life or do anything. Like, I'm just telling you what I saw.

• 52:29Rich Roll?

  Uh huh. Right. And with that, having had that experience and then coaching at the elite collegiate level and being at all these meets and knowing these athletes firsthand, when you're watching the Olympic trials or some big track meet and you see exceptional performances, like what goes on in your mind? Like, we all want to believe that sport is clean, but you knowing better than anyone, like what constitutes a legitimate breakthrough versus an enhanced breakthrough? Like, are you cynical? Like, how do you, what is your lens on, on sport? Not just in track and field, but like, you know, we could talk about psych,

• 53:12Rich Roll?

  we could talk about any of the sports in which this is rampant and there's been controversies.

• 53:18Steve Magness?

  For a while, I was very cynical. And I realized that it was killing my love of something that I really enjoy doing, participating in, helping out in. And where I've come to now is I cheer on the folks and the coaches and the athletes who I feel really good about, who I think are doing things the right way. And I can get maybe not 100% certainty, but I can get close. And those are the people I watch, I cheer for, et cetera. If you're not in that group, you set a record, I don't care.

• 54:00Rich Roll?

  Right. And I'm not going to ask you to name those people, but clearly I can tell there's certain individuals where you're like, okay, right?

• 54:10Steve Magness?

  Yeah. And it's, it's.

• 54:12Rich Roll?

  It's hard, it's hard. With that, it has to be, I mean, it's a choice, but it still has to be a challenge for you to remain enthusiastic about the sport.

• 54:20Steve Magness?

  It does. And, you know, the hardest part to me though is that.

• 54:26Steve Magness?

  There were a lot of people, I kind of thought, maybe this was naive. I thought, okay, I'm gonna blow the whistle. People will see all this. If it comes out, the verdict did, and in the favor of, we were telling the truth, that, well, people would see, and they'd have, like, ethics and morals and back the good side. And like, but you still see people who go to, like, train with similar athletes or coaches, as were part of the Oregon Project, or like, you know, kind of mesh in that environment. And in my head, I'm like, guys, you know, you've heard my story. You've seen the report. You've seen what Mary Kane went through,

• 55:06Steve Magness?

  and Kara Goucher. And there are people like, ah, like, oh, no, like, even though you're, like, coaching an athlete at the time, like, I don't care, like, we'll just blow this off. And that, that drives me nuts.

• 55:19Rich Roll?

  Right. But you can also have compassion for them. They're young people who are trying to have a professional career in a sport where there's very little money. And there is still a level of prestige attached to Nike and Oregon and all of that. And, you know, far be it from us to judge somebody who, who kind of needs that in their life, and, you know, has to find some way to look past, past transgressions, you know, for the sake of their future career.

• 55:48Steve Magness?

  I, I, I 100% get that. And I think what it tells me, or what I've realized, is that I was very, we all come at it from like, a naive perspective. And you tend to think, like, ethics and morals and all those things are like, hard-grained, like, in you and what have you. But I've realized is environment impacts you more than you realize. More than we account for. So, I don't, I try my best not to blame people.

• 56:19Steve Magness?

  Not to be like, oh, why are you doing that? Why did you choose that decision?

• 56:23Rich Roll?

  Right, but you can reflect on your own decisions and why you made them at that time. And, you know, that I'm sure allows you to better understand.

• 56:31Steve Magness?

  Exactly. So I try to have nuance there where it's like, the world is not good and evil. It's not black and white. We're all capable of all sorts of good and bad decisions. And that's just reality.

• 56:46Rich Roll?

  Right. And I would imagine in the way that you look back on that 401 mile and, and your inability to, to break that barrier as a gift that allowed you to become something greater, you can reflect back on that experience at Oregon Project and think, but not for that, you would have become the coach that you became at Houston. Like you, you could have just remained under Salazar's wing forever and never fully developed your own identity as a head coach.

• 57:16Steve Magness?

  It, it, it shaped how I see not only like coaching, but also life.

• 57:21Rich Roll?

  Yeah. Like what is really important here?

• 57:23Steve Magness?

  Exactly. If you ask 25 year old Steve, he would say, oh, like Olympic medals, running around really fast in ovals. If you ask me after this experience, it's no, it's, I want healthy, happy human beings who can use sport as a way to challenge and push boundaries and like find themselves and like struggle and all those things. But we can do it in a way that like makes them grow as individuals. And if we do that, like who cares if you run 401 or 355?

• 57:56Rich Roll?

  Right. And that mission statement then begets all these questions. Well, if that's the priority, how do we make healthy, happy athletes who can thrive in a sustainable way? Hence, all of these books that you've written and all the research that you've done and all of that, which is, you know, fundamentally why we're here today. Like, I didn't know we were going to spend a whole hour on Nike Oregon Project, but thank you for, for being so candorous about that. Because I think there is still this, you know, it's, it's interesting. We were talking before the podcast, like it's the story that doesn't go away. Like even though you're like 2012, but yet we're still talking about this because it kind of continues to evolve. And it also is a basis point for how we think about other controversies that are similar

• 58:40Rich Roll?

  or analogous. And it like, won't leave you on some level, despite your desire to put it in the rearview mirror. But I appreciate you, you know, being open about it. But let's turn this to, to the new book, Do Hard Things, and kind of what you're, you know, really interested in, which is this idea of how do we cultivate not just great athletes who are resilient and, you know, capable of optimizing performance, but ultimately, you know, good human beings and the principles that you've learned as a coach that translate into the workplace and into our personal lives, et cetera. So, maybe a good place to start while we're on the subject of running and the 401 Mile is, is really what, what

• 59:25Rich Roll?

  appears to be an impetus for this book, which is this other mile that you were running, where you had this vocal cord incident that, you know, made you rethink, you know, your approach to stress and your approach to toughness in general.

• 59:38Steve Magness?

  Yeah, yeah. So this happened when I was in college. I was in the middle of a, a mile at, at Cal Berkeley, running against some really good runners, trying to break the four-minute barrier, was running really well. And then, all of a sudden, after three laps or so, I couldn't breathe. And when I say I couldn't breathe, like, I clearly could not get air in. And it sent me, like, what in the hell's going on? I collapsed on the ground. You know, I'm trying to figure out how to breathe.

• 1:00:12Rich Roll?

  And the way you describe it, sorry to step over your words, but the way you describe it is, it's not that you were out of your, your depth in terms of exertion, like, you were pacing yourself and you felt like you were, you know, hitting the mark that you needed to hit at that stage of the race. I think you had a lap and a half left or something like that. And you're like, I'm right where I need to be. So it wasn't like, oh, I've just overexerted myself or misjudged my pace. It was something altogether different.

• 1:00:39Steve Magness?

  Yes. It was as if someone had, like, you know, shoved something down my throat and I was choking. That's the best way I can describe it. Not, like, there was just nothing that could get in or out of that passageway.

• 1:00:57Steve Magness?

  And what it turned out to be after a lot of testing is, is that it was this thing called vocal cord dysfunction, which is essentially what happens some, or what normally happens is, you know, your vocal cords open when you breathe and shut when you don't, and they just kind of go back and forth. For whatever reason, my vocal cords almost flipped where the stress signal told them to shut when they should be opened. And it's this really weird kind of disorder that is more common than we think, but it's often gets confused with asthma, even though it's like the opposite effect. So what happens and what the research tells

• 1:01:38Steve Magness?

  you is that it generally happens in driven perfectionist type individuals who for whatever reason have some sort of trigger that like just almost makes the brain go haywire and have this opposite reaction. And what I had to learn to do from that is I was so accustomed to being like, well, how do you handle pain? You just push through, you dig deeper, you like grit your teeth and like put your head down and like go and push for it. And that would no longer work because if I did anything that caused any sort of anxiousness or tension

• 1:02:18Steve Magness?

  in me, that became a trigger for my vocal cords literally shutting. And then I'd have to drop out and figure out how to breathe again.

• 1:02:27Rich Roll?

  Right. So you're forced into this situation where you have to figure out a different way to avoid that response, which is going to require an antithetical relationship with pushing through pain and more of a eastern philosophical, you know, kind of letting go, surrender, mindfulness, you know, driven relationship with sport in order to avoid having that kind of an incident.

• 1:02:56Steve Magness?

  Exactly. And for someone who grew up, again, in the South around like football and sport, that eastern philosophy didn't come naturally.

• 1:03:07Rich Roll?

  Yeah. Well, it's not even like part of the parlance. And you get into this in the book around kind of our unhealthy, but you know, conventional ideas around what it means to be tough in sport and these legendary stories of these mythic, you know, coach figures and athlete figures that have cemented this notion in our consciousness to the point where we don't even question it.

• 1:03:33Steve Magness?

  Yeah, it's kind of wild. It's like, I like to think like every society has their, and culture has their kind of like master narratives. In the US, it's like, oh, the American dream, like do all this thing. In sport, in toughness, in military, in all this stuff, the master narrative is one of like push through, ignore the pain, like don't cry, don't show any emotions.

• 1:04:01Rich Roll?

  Whatever doesn't kill you makes you stronger.

• 1:04:02Steve Magness?

  Exactly.

• 1:04:04Rich Roll?

  And you have story after story after story. And what's interesting is you deconstruct these, like beginning with Bear Bryant and him arriving at Texas A&M and this legendary, you know, fable around how he pushed these kids in their summer training camp, leading into the fall, where, to the point where like most of them quit, right? But then two years later, they become this reigning champion team and the kind of mythos of Bear Bryant is born. And when you deconstruct it, you realize, well, this is all horse shit. Like this isn't even actually what happened.

• 1:04:37Steve Magness?

  Yeah, that was one of my favorite. My wife, my wife might actually be upset with me because she's an Texas A&M grad. So it's like part of their mythos. But that, that was, you know, it's famous, especially in Texas, like Junction Boys is what it's called, like go to the camp, do all this crazy stuff. This is how they got better. This is how they became, you know, the team that was legendary. And the reality is, the year they go to the camp, they do all this crazy stuff, they went one and nine.

• 1:05:07Steve Magness?

  The year they were good, only a handful of the players were actually left. What had happened is they'd gotten better players. How? Brian admitted himself, like, they paid to recruit better players to Texas A&M.

• 1:05:21Rich Roll?

  But also, the marketing hype of that story made it attractive, right? So you can, you can create, you know, this magnetic field out of this legend. But the truth of it was that, like, a lot of the, like, the freshmen, by the time they were seniors, weren't even, who, who had been there during that period of time, the stars, opted out of the camp. And some of the guys that quit the camp ended up being superstars in other fields. Like, they were amazing individuals had they been sort of mentored, you know, in a, in a healthier, more appropriate way.

• 1:05:56Steve Magness?

  Exactly. And I think that's what you see so much, is that when we do things, like, you know, throw people into the, the deep end and see if they survive, we lose so many good candidates. We're not developing people. And this is where it also ties into the military, because people have taken it from there, is they say, "Oh, the Navy SEALs, hell week. They go through all this, this crazy stuff." That's a sorting exercise. That's not a development exercise.

• 1:06:23Rich Roll?

  So explain the difference between those two things.

• 1:06:26Steve Magness?

  So sorting is, is pretty simple. Is, they're just trying to see, okay, can you go through this rigors so that we can select you to see if you can, like, handle this job? So they're simulating.

• 1:06:41Rich Roll?

  It's literally the initial litmus test to see if you're even a candidate to be developed into what ultimately could be an Navy SEAL.

• 1:06:49Steve Magness?

  It's like taking the SAT, right? We're gonna create some sort of barrier and this will help us, right? But we mistook it and we took it as the development method. Which if you go like people, coaches, parents, whoever, they think, oh, well, the way to develop discipline and toughness is take the Navy SEALs method, which is put people through some really difficult things, like, and then they'll get really tough. No, that's not what the Navy SEALs even do.

• 1:07:18Rich Roll?

  Mm hmm.

• 1:07:19Steve Magness?

  If they're talking about developing toughness, they focus on more of what I'd call that eastern side, as you mentioned earlier, where it's just like, hey, we've got to, we've got to create space. We've got to develop the mental skills. I talked to a really good athlete, former college athlete of mine, who went on into the military and now is trying through the special forces. And he put it pretty succinctly. It was like, Steve, before we go out and do all the crazy stuff, like the survival training that we're, we're doing, we sit in a classroom, we go, we have lecture after lecture, PowerPoint after PowerPoint. I've got a 600 page book filled with telling me how, what to do mentally and physically

• 1:08:04Steve Magness?

  to handle whatever situation I'm coming at, and I have to learn and understand that.

• 1:08:09Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 1:08:09Steve Magness?

  And it's only after I learn those skills that I'm then put in a place that simulates what I'll feel like and experience so that I can try those skills out.

• 1:08:17Rich Roll?

  Right, to see if you're able to access that skill set under pressure and duress.

• 1:08:22Steve Magness?

  Exactly.

• 1:08:23Rich Roll?

  Yeah. What's fascinating is how much the military gets right about this, because it does dispel that, that kind of mythic notion of weeding out the weak and, you know, the toughest will survive, and how kind of rooted in science and how kind of mature and, and well thought out it is. Like, it is this blueprint where they've poured a ton of research and, and money and resources into trying to figure out, how do you develop these skills that are so critical to having a robust defense, right? That is so different than what we think and it reminds me of the, I did a podcast with this guy, Rich Deviney, who was basically training Navy SEALs and he echoed the same

• 1:09:08Rich Roll?

  thing. It's like, it's all about developing mental resilience. Like those other things are just tests and they get a lot of press and they're fun to talk about, but the truth is much more complicated and nuanced than has to do with psychology and how do you inherently motivate somebody and develop a team approach to problem solving and all this kind of thing.

• 1:09:30Steve Magness?

  You know, I think the way I like to think of it is, the public image is stuck in the 1940s military and the actual military is like the nation's largest employer of sports psychologists.

• 1:09:46Rich Roll?

  That's true, right?

• 1:09:47Steve Magness?

  Yeah.

• 1:09:47Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 1:09:48Steve Magness?

  Cause they're just like, no, we have to figure this out and rightfully so, because if you look at their own research, when like new soldiers, special forces, like guys who have already passed the test come in, something like 94% of them experience disassociation during simulated like survival training.

• 1:10:10Rich Roll?

  Right.

• 1:10:11Steve Magness?

  Which is disassociation is when your mind is kind of like slows down, cuts off, doesn't see reality for reality, you know, the fog of war. So they see that and they're like, yeah, we gotta get this right.

• 1:10:24Rich Roll?

  Right. We need to understand how to prevent that from happening. How can we create soldiers who won't disassociate and are able to maintain their ability to think clearly and respond rather than react when they're in those very challenging circumstances.

• 1:10:40Steve Magness?

  Exactly.

• 1:10:41Rich Roll?

  Which is exactly what you want out of athletes. That's exactly what you want to be able, the way you want to be able to comport yourself in other areas of your life where you're going to meet obstacles and duress.

• 1:10:52Steve Magness?

  You know, and I think this is an important point is, it's not just athletes, it's not just soldiers. All of us need to be able to respond and not react in our daily lives. You know, how we handle parenting, how we handle leading, how we handle inevitable arguments with our spouse or children. Like it's, we've all lost our mind at some point.

• 1:11:20Steve Magness?

  But if you have the ability to respond and not just lash out, you're gonna have a better outcome and a better decision from it.

• 1:11:35Rich Roll?

  So you explore this in the book and what's great about it is you do it from the perspective of the athlete or the individual, like here's how you can develop these capacities, but also from the perspective of the coach or the mentor or the leader who's charged with responsibility for cultivating that in people that they're collaborating with.

• 1:11:56Steve Magness?

  Yeah, and I think that the most interesting part on all this is, you know, I love the individual's aspect, but on the team aspect or the organization or the cultural aspect, the same thing applies because it's like, again, we hold on to this idea of like, oh, we want to create like resilient, disciplined people. We gotta be like hard asses on them. And it's the exact opposite.

• 1:12:19Rich Roll?

  Yeah, yeah, yeah. It's very counterintuitive. I mean, you, you know, you talk about Bobby Knight. He's like, these people get a lot of attention. You know what I mean? And so what happens is we start to think that that's the appropriate or correct way to approach it. I mean, my collegiate swimming coach, I've told this story before. I can't remember whether I told it with you guys last time you were on, but he was a, he was a Marine sniper in Vietnam. He was a hard ass and he, you know, definitely came from some version of the Bobby Knight school. And he would say, he said to me one time, like, I was becoming very dispirited as a member of this team and I was not putting points up on the board. Like, I was meaningless in the, in the, you know, equation of whether

• 1:13:00Rich Roll?

  we were going to win an NCAA championship, but I loved being on the team and my teammates were very important to me. And I saw a situation in which he was leading from a perspective of negativity and fear. And he called me into his office one day because he could tell I was not happy with the speech that he had just given. And, and he just, you know, he wanted to know how I felt. And I just said, look, I, you know, I, I came up with a coach who was positive and empowering. And I'm not used to this style of coaching. And he just said to me, if it takes this team hating me to win, then that's what we're gonna do. And I just thought to myself, I'm not interested in, in being on that team, you know? And he had successful results. So as long as

• 1:13:44Rich Roll?

  you're winning, you know, you can, you can like rationalize that type of behavior. But ultimately, it's not sustainable. And you're not going to attract that kind of talent. And great talent is not going to want to be tutored under that type of regime.

• 1:13:58Steve Magness?

  Yeah, you know, fear is like lighter fluid. It looks really good. It looks like it works. But it like burns out.

• 1:14:08Rich Roll?

  Right. And it, and it may work in the short term.

• 1:14:11Steve Magness?

  Yes.

• 1:14:11Rich Roll?

  Because you're running, because fear is a very, you know, is a, is a, is a solid energy source. It just, it just burns out quickly.

• 1:14:19Steve Magness?

  Yes. I mean, it's, it's our kind of most basic, you know, motivator. But it's, what is it meant to do? It's meant to like, get you to run away from the lion. It's not to sustain you over the long haul.

• 1:14:32Rich Roll?

  Right, right, right. So let's, let's move from this wrongheaded idea around leadership and toughness into what you discovered as a result of, of reading this book. I mean, the book, first of all, it's, I haven't said this yet, but it's fantastic. I think it's an amazing resource. Clearly, you put a ton, I mean, I don't know how you found the time to do all the research in this book, because there's hundreds of stories and anecdotes from historical figures and of course, all that kind of research, scientific research that validates like this new perspective on how we should think about being tough, how to motivate ourselves and motivate the people, you know, in our charge.

• 1:15:14Steve Magness?

  Yeah, you know, I love the research. So if it was up to me, it would probably be even more of that. But like, I gotta tell the story to keep it interesting. But I try to balance that out. But you know, it's, it's no different than in my own running world is like, if I'm gonna go at something, I'm gonna go at it hard. So in this, like, I wanted to be right. And when I'm making a claim that says, hey, like, all these ideas you thought were were correct, maybe reevaluate it. I better come at you with like enough evidence.

• 1:15:47Rich Roll?

  Yeah, you of course are aware that there's some kind of ironic joke built into that, right? Like, this is the no pain, no gain, you know, like, I'm just gonna overtrain this book until it, until it finally exists.

• 1:15:59Steve Magness?

  Yeah, no, I'm

• 1:16:00Rich Roll?

  As I'm, as I'm dying on the, you know, writing the acknowledgements at the end.

• 1:16:04Steve Magness?

  Hundred percent, hundred percent. That's, that's where friends and colleagues are and family are to pull me back from the brink.

• 1:16:11Rich Roll?

  Right. So it's all premised on these four pillars. So maybe we can kind of, you know, walk through what those are and, and, you know, why, how you kind of came to think about resilience and are you using toughness and resilience somewhat interchangeably here? Yeah. As you know, the pillars of like, how to embody this quality?

• 1:16:30Steve Magness?

  Sure. So I think, you know, the first one that I came with is that you kind of have to embrace reality. And what does embrace reality mean? It's like, false bravado looks good, but it fails because like, you need to have expectations and reality match up enough. So if I go into a marathon and I say, oh, I've got this, this is no big deal, etc. Whenever the pain actually hits, my brain's gonna freak out.

• 1:17:03Rich Roll?

  Right. And you're gonna completely fall apart.

• 1:17:05Steve Magness?

  Exactly. So it's like coming to terms with, it's okay to understand, these are the demands of the event. This is what I'm currently capable of. And if you can do that and have the overlap there, you're gonna be in a much better place than if you had like bravado or whatever have you.

• 1:17:25Rich Roll?

  Right, or the insecurity of like, this is gonna be a disaster. And not acknowledging that you actually did a lot of work in preparing for this. So there's a sweet spot in there. And amidst all of that, you do have to have room to reach like, okay, here's my reality. I know the training I put into it. I know I have an objective appraisal of how difficult this challenge is going to be. And then I still have to have permission to reach a little bit beyond that. Right? Because this is the goal. Like, we're all trying to exceed what we think we're capable of doing. Right? So how do those two things like work with each other?

• 1:18:03Steve Magness?

  I like to see it, I'm gonna use historical example here. If you look at Abraham Lincoln, he had what I'd call tragic optimism. In the sense that he was, you read his speeches, he was so optimistic for the future. We're gonna get this done. We're gonna free slaves. Like, we're gonna change the country. We're gonna get through this. But in the day to day, in the war.

• 1:18:29Rich Roll?

  Despair.

• 1:18:29Steve Magness?

  Despair.

• 1:18:30Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 1:18:31Steve Magness?

  And I'm not saying you need to take it to that extreme. But that's how I kind of see this, this embracing reality is, you need to have hope for the future. You need to say, I'm gonna stretch. I'm capable of more, etc. But in the here and now, you gotta have it kind of overlap where it's like, what am I facing? What do I have to do? What do I need to get through this period?

• 1:18:56Rich Roll?

  Mm hmm. Because, as you say, in this section, when you place yourself into that stressful situation, you will be exposed. Like, your mask will come off, right? So, so the more you've embraced the reality of what you're actually involved in.

• 1:19:15Rich Roll?

  The less impact that stress will have on exposing your weaknesses because you've kind of appropriately prepared for that.

• 1:19:23Steve Magness?

  Yeah, you come to terms with it. And biologically, what happens is anytime our brain is kind of caught off guard, we tend to have a threat response because your brain wants you to survive, right? Anytime we're like prepared and it's kind of within our reach, we have a challenge response, which is more kind of testosterone, adrenaline driven instead of cortisol threat driven. So when we look at, when we think of like toughness, we often think of like, oh, just fake it, like put on a mask and you'll be good. But once that's exposed, like your brain's going to jump to that freak out moment

• 1:20:03Steve Magness?

  where it's like, oh crap, sound the alarm, like get out of here, escape, flight, don't take things on because like, we're not capable.

• 1:20:12Rich Roll?

  Right. So an example would be in an Ironman, when somebody's leading on the bike and they get a flat, right? And then they're all pissed off and they're throwing their bike and throwing a tantrum and they look, they look tough because they're doing that. But actually, that's weakness because they haven't prepared for that variable. And when it occurred, the stress reaction was to just like lose your mind. Or, you know, in a tennis match and you're throwing chairs because of a bad call or something like that.

• 1:20:42Steve Magness?

  Yeah. And that's how most of these things happen is like from the, from the external side, it might look tough or it might look like you care, right? And like, oh, look how pissed off he is. Like he cares about his performance. But to me, like it's the opposite is like, well, you're just kind of sabotaging yourself. You're not prepared for the moment. You're not figuring your way through this stuff. And I think you can almost summarize the biology or the neuroscience of toughness down to like, we talked earlier about can you keep your mind steady no matter what kind of chaos is going on around you? Can you keep your mind from defaulting towards that freak out reactive state? Or can you keep, you know, yourself?

• 1:21:29Steve Magness?

  Online rational ability to work through things. And in the heat of the moment, the competitiveness, like often what happens is we default to that freak out because it's like almost overwhelming. It's this like emotional charge behind it.

• 1:21:46Rich Roll?

  Mm hmm. And embracing reality is, you know, that's a, that's a piece here. There's so many other things that you have to practice in order to maintain your level of composure under that kind of stress. But a lot of it, in my mind, has to do with this distinction that you alluded to, which is the difference between kind of bravado, false bravado versus real confidence, which is, which is earned and experience based.

• 1:22:12Steve Magness?

  Confidence needs evidence. You know, it, that's how you feed it. In my generation, I think we really screwed this up because we had this huge self-esteem movement.

• 1:22:25Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 1:22:25Steve Magness?

  And I remember elementary school, junior high, it's like, you know, you just get told you're great. But what the science actually shows is this, is that, you know, we don't get that like testosterone bump of like confidence unless we've done something to earn it.

• 1:22:44Rich Roll?

  What a shocking thing to say. How dare you? You're going to get canceled for that statement, Steve. You know that, right?

• 1:22:51Steve Magness?

  Probably, probably. But, but I, I, I think this is like, it's, it's so central to things because like, we get told the wrong idea so much. And instead, like, we need to do the work. And it's not that you have a certainty about it. But it's to know that, hey, I've prepared. Like, I've put in the work. I've been consistent. Like, my brain knows that I'm at least maybe not going to fall apart if I enter the arena.

• 1:23:21Rich Roll?

  Right. And how do you think about the difference between? Exttrinsic versus intrinsic motivation and rewards in the context of developing a healthy confidence.

• 1:23:32Steve Magness?

  Yeah, so if you look at it, we're human beings, we're always gonna have both. Okay. But what you would like to have is the majority of your motivation should come from intrinsic, from the inside. It should be something that brings you joy, like love, all of that good stuff. If too much is on the outside, the external, it's kind of like that fear, almost in that same response. It can work for a little bit, and it tends to work for what I'd call easy things. So extrinsic works for like, hey, you know, am I gonna get my kid to, I don't know, mow the grass? Sure, it'll work for that moment to get him to mow the grass, but it won't teach him

• 1:24:17Steve Magness?

  that this needs to be something that you do.

• 1:24:19Rich Roll?

  How to make that motivation self-generated.

• 1:24:22Steve Magness?

  Exactly. And I think that's the key is like, yes, every once in a while, you have to do rewards and all that stuff, but the ultimate goal is how do I take that and make it self-generated?

• 1:24:34Rich Roll?

  Right.

• 1:24:35Steve Magness?

  And if you can do that, you set yourself up to being able to do really hard things and be able to persist and enjoy it over the long haul.

• 1:24:42Rich Roll?

  Right. An example that comes to mind that has a lot to do with embracing reality and where, from whence your motivation comes, is the situation where, take for example, you know, an objective sport where you're being measured with a clock, like track and field, in my case, swimming. You were somebody who, at ninth grade, you had this, you know, amazing breakthrough, and then you just got faster and faster and faster and faster, and then you plateau, right? If you want any longevity in sport, like this is in swimming, you can't, when you go to workout and you're doing your intervals and you're looking at the pace clock, Early on, you're seeing improvement weekly or monthly and it's very encouraging.

• 1:25:25Rich Roll?

  So I suppose that's an extrinsic motivator, like I'm on the right path. But at some point, as every athlete will tell you, like this stuff starts to plane out and you can't just go into workout every day expecting to be faster than you were last week. Like you're just, you'll go insane and that leads to kind of what you talked about, which is like, well, I just gotta work harder and I've just got, now I need to double my workload because I'm, I need to have that validation to know that I'm on the right path. So at some point, you have to figure out a different relationship with how you're thinking about your progress and your improvement and your trajectory. Otherwise, you're gonna, you're gonna injure yourself or overtrain or burn out and quit the sport.

• 1:26:08Steve Magness?

  Yeah.

• 1:26:08Rich Roll?

  And you must see this with your athletes all the time, right?

• 1:26:11Steve Magness?

  Oh, yeah. 100%. I mean, this is why I think young, like with, if you're a parent, if you're a coach of high school kids or youth athletes, your most important job is not to get them faster or have them, you know, do better or higher grades or whatever have you, is to develop the joy of whatever pursuits they're doing. Give them the inner drive and develop that over the long haul. And if you can do that, like the rest takes care of itself.

• 1:26:42Rich Roll?

  If they actually love the endeavor and the process, that will supersede those short-term kind of dopamine hits about where you're at.

• 1:26:51Steve Magness?

  And if you look at actually the research behind prodigies or phenoms and a wide variety from sports to academics to chess, the ones who make it are the ones who have higher levels of internal drive. The ones who don't make it, there's some fascinating research on this, that don't make it are often the ones that started out internally driven because they're really good at something early on. But then because of success, fame, pressure, parental pressure and expectations, coaching expectations, that our internal drive slowly shifted.

• 1:27:29Rich Roll?

  Right. And the external is so heavy, right? It becomes an impossible responsibility to bear.

• 1:27:36Steve Magness?

  It becomes a burden.

• 1:27:37Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 1:27:38Steve Magness?

  And what happens over the long haul is if that becomes a burden, then now you're playing not to lose, right? You're playing like prevent defense.

• 1:27:48Rich Roll?

  Fear based.

• 1:27:49Steve Magness?

  Fear based. Instead of like, hey, I'm gonna, I'm gonna see what's gonna happen. And honestly, from my own experience as well as, you know, when I was chasing, trying to run under four minutes for a mile, over time, it inevitably became like, oh, like there's the clock. Like, am I on pace or am I off? Am I on pace or am I off? And the moment you're off, like, it's like your brain goes up, shut it down. Like, we're done. Like, stop competing. It's not worth it anymore. And that just becomes an instinctual reaction because you've trained it for so long that this number is what defines me. And that number could be in athletics, or it could be your grades, or your bank account, or your fans, or the number of Twitter followers.

• 1:28:32Rich Roll?

  It becomes your higher power.

• 1:28:33Steve Magness?

  Exactly.

• 1:28:34Rich Roll?

  You become a slave to it.

• 1:28:35Steve Magness?

  Yeah.

• 1:28:35Rich Roll?

  Right? Which, which of course begs the question I have to ask you, which is, I know you still run, but why don't you run competitively? Like, you could go out there and just kill it in whatever, you know, in the mile, in the marathon, in the half marathon, if you should choose to do so. So clearly, there's an intentional, you know, thought behind why you're not doing that. Especially as somebody who didn't achieve their goal. Like, those are the people who end up turning into rabid masters athletes because they, you know, they feel like they, you know, I, certainly part of my motivation, like, they didn't, they didn't achieve the thing they thought they could back in the day.

• 1:29:12Steve Magness?

  Yeah. No, 100%. It's very intentional. It's because I know that if I go down that path, who I'm gonna be.

• 1:29:19Rich Roll?

  Uh huh. But isn't there an opportunity, especially if you read your own book, to reframe that and develop a healthy relationship where it's driven by things like joy and just self-discovery?

• 1:29:33Steve Magness?

  But what if I have, I have that, I have that right now.

• 1:29:36Rich Roll?

  Okay.

• 1:29:37Steve Magness?

  And I think what I'm learning to do is I, I run every day.

• 1:29:42Rich Roll?

  Uh huh.

• 1:29:42Steve Magness?

  I just don't train hard. But what I'm learning to do is experience what I get out of running, which for me is about once a week, I do a hardish workout. And then about once a month, I run something pretty dang hard. There's no measure. There's no like, I'm going to go run a 5K and try and break this time. It's I'm just trying to experience like the discomfort and see if I can get through it. And see what that feels like.

• 1:30:15Rich Roll?

  And there isn't just a little bit of like fear of like, why not just show up at the 10K?

• 1:30:22Steve Magness?

  So.

• 1:30:24Rich Roll?

  The turkey trot.

• 1:30:25Steve Magness?

  Our mutual friend and my, my co-author on some of these books, Brad always bothers me.

• 1:30:31Rich Roll?

  Yeah, well, Brad asked me to ask you this.

• 1:30:33Steve Magness?

  You know, this is not, not surprising, but I, I don't, because I'm in a good spot with running. I, I enjoy it. I love getting out there. I love just kind of experiencing it and not having any burdens whatsoever. And I think for so much of my life, there was a time, there was a clock, there was a race, there was a competition, there was this and expectations. That not having those and just getting to experience it, it almost takes me back to like the early days.

• 1:31:03Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 1:31:04Steve Magness?

  Where I'm just kind of clueless.

• 1:31:05Rich Roll?

  I get it. No, I get it. That's cool. That's, I, I, I completely get that. Like I, I don't want to ever swim in an indoor pool again, like, cause it just brings up like, I did that, you know? I don't want to wake up in the dark to go to the pool. Like I did that. Like I do it because it's fun and I enjoy it and I like being out, you know, in the, under the sun and all that kind of stuff. And, but I'm still competitive, you know? So there isn't a little, and, and, and like having something on the calendar just gives it a little bit more structure. But then it does become a thing of like, remember you're doing this for the joy. Like who cares about the other stuff?

• 1:31:41Steve Magness?

  Yeah. You know, who knows? I'm getting up to 40, so maybe once the masters kick in, it'll, it'll rejuvenate my career and you'll see me out there. Cranking with everybody else.

• 1:31:53Rich Roll?

  I do think if you're being honest, something perhaps you're shrouding or to look at, and maybe I'm completely off base, is a fear that you have that if you were to, to dip your toe back into it, that. Knowing yourself, it could become all consuming and a distraction from the things that you currently care about.

• 1:32:14Steve Magness?

  I, I, yeah.

• 1:32:15Rich Roll?

  But that is the opportunity for growth also. Can you go back into it and not succumb to that?

• 1:32:22Steve Magness?

  I think you're a hundred percent correct. I mean, I think that's in there because like, again, it has so much part of my identity.

• 1:32:29Rich Roll?

  Right.

• 1:32:30Steve Magness?

  And so much of who I was or am, that of course there's that fear of like, well, what would happen if I just like started training a lot? Would I go down that path where I was kind of obsessive about it? And I like to think of like, of course not, like I'm, I'm older, I'm wise.

• 1:32:47Rich Roll?

  Right. Well, there's a little denial there, right? Cause you're like, yeah, that might happen. So I'm just going to pretend that doesn't exist and tell everyone that I'm really happy in my life and I do it for the joy. When in truth, there's like a weird dark shadow over here that as long as you don't go there, you don't really have to, you don't have to reckon with it.

• 1:33:08Steve Magness?

  Yeah, no, I, I, I a hundred percent.

• 1:33:11Rich Roll?

  Okay.

• 1:33:11Steve Magness?

  I a hundred percent agree. I think there, there's definitely that there.

• 1:33:15Rich Roll?

  Well, let's, let's move to the, the, um, the second pillar, which is, which is all about listening to your body. I love this one.

• 1:33:23Steve Magness?

  Yeah. So I think this is, this is again, one of those really important ones that we get backwards because we often get told like, hey, you know, ignore your feelings, et cetera, et cetera. But if you look at the science and the research, your feelings and emotions are almost like a messaging system. It tells us what's going on inside because there's no other way to like communicate that from like our muscles, brain, et cetera, to our conscious awareness. So our feelings and emotions kind of send that signal and give us something to do. But the key here is we got to be able to like communicate with it. We got to be able to speak its language.

• 1:34:05Steve Magness?

  And the athlete example I like to give, which we all understand is that as an athlete early on, you have to, you have to learn what is a pain that signals injury? And what is a pain that signals, oh, that's just like some soreness and it'll go away and I'll be all right. The same thing applies to every other kind of emotion and feeling. And my wife is an elementary school teacher and.

• 1:34:30Steve Magness?

  She conveyed this great story that she said, you know, her kids who are throwing tantrums

• 1:34:38Steve Magness?

  always like describe them with like a singular emotion. And it's very simple. It's like, I'm sad. Right?

• 1:34:46Rich Roll?

  Uh huh.

• 1:34:46Steve Magness?

  Why? Because they don't have the vocabulary or the understanding to break apart what that sadness is, whether it was frustration, whether it was insecurity driven, whatever it has, this myriad of things. They have to grow and develop that vocabulary to give them context. And if they do that, then they can handle it. When it's just like all these billions of, you know, emotions all funnel into this one word, one understanding. Of course, they're going to throw a temper tantrum.

• 1:35:16Rich Roll?

  Right.

• 1:35:17Steve Magness?

  They can't make sense of it.

• 1:35:18Rich Roll?

  Right. But in this process and using athletics as an example, there is a connection, an integration that takes place with experience where you learn over time how to discern the difference between the niggle and the injury that, that, you know, requires you to stop and attend to it. And what's interesting and kind of ironic about that is athletes become so good at, and so attuned to what their body is telling them. Like I can remember as a swimmer, I didn't need to look at the pace clock. If we're doing a set of hundreds, like I knew exactly what my heart rate was. And I knew exactly when my finger hit the wall, like what my interval, like what, what time I did, because you're so in touch with that.

• 1:36:01Rich Roll?

  But the problem with that is that despite all of that, athletes can be expert at ignoring those signals. Like, you know, I'm feeling run down, you know, I should probably, you know, like wisdom would say like, you should like ease, you know, take the foot off the gas, but that's like, no, I gotta, I need to do more. I need to push through this. So I don't feel this way, or I'm not fit, or they won't taper, or they insist on, you talk about this in the book too, like, you know, running a whole bunch before a race or things like that, that are driven out of insecurity.

• 1:36:33Steve Magness?

  Yeah. So it's not only you have to be able to like communicate the same language, but then you have to have like the, the security or the quiet confidence to be able to listen to what that says. And I think that's where the expertise comes in is it's not just being able to, oh, I'm listening to my body. My body tells me this. No, you've got to be able to discern like what's real? And then what's what I'll just call fake. And then security, right? From, oh, I don't want to taper because like I'll feel like I'm training less and I'm losing fitness. Well, you're not going to lose fitness in a week. It's not going to happen. It can't physiologically happen. That's the fake part.

• 1:37:17Steve Magness?

  That's the insecurity talking. So you've really got to like meld this, listen to your body, plus this confidence to be able to discern like what's true and what's not.

• 1:37:27Rich Roll?

  Right. And that puts the lie to the traditional idea of toughness. Like that idea would be like, I'm going to, you know, I just train harder than everyone. But if that's coming from a place of insecurity, because you're afraid of taking a day off or allowing your body to heal, then that's not tough at all. That's just ignorant.

• 1:37:45Steve Magness?

  Yeah. It, you know, I always like to put it as, does the thing have the power or are you in control? And so much of toughness is like, do I have some semblance of control over things? Not complete control, but some semblance where I can influence it. So if the thing has all the control, if I can't step away from the run, say, hey, you know what? I'm a little sick and I've got a race coming up, so it's probably better that I rest. If I can't do that without like that anxiety coming up, right? That should signal it's an issue that I need to be able to work with to sit with that discomfort so that the thing doesn't have the control and instead I'm making the wise decision and

• 1:38:30Steve Magness?

  taking the action.

• 1:38:31Rich Roll?

  Yeah. And the coach or the mentor or the leader has to understand how to instill that in the people that they're working with, right? So that's the difference between the controlling Bobby Knights out there who strip their athletes of any agency or control versus the empowering coach who understands how to seed that intrinsic motivation and that true confidence where the athlete or the mentee is empowered to make their own decisions and feels like they have input into the trajectory of their career.

• 1:39:08Steve Magness?

  The easiest way to make an athlete worse is to take away autonomy.

• 1:39:15Rich Roll?

  And you think, and that goes back to the traditional versus the truth. Like, like if you just tell, like, this is what you do. Do what I say, I'm gonna make you a champion. I will completely control every aspect of your life. Like, you know, I don't know, Bella Karolyi and these gymnasts, or you hear all these crazy examples. And, you know, they're successful in some regard. Those people don't tend to turn out to be completely, you know, well-rounded individuals. But there are examples of that being successful. And yet, that's really a wrong-headed approach.

• 1:39:48Steve Magness?

  Yeah, because it's, all it's doing is you're not training anything. Right? You're training someone to respond to this single individual based on fear of punishment. But if you look at most sports, like, it's not that, the coach isn't out there with the athlete on top of them yelling and screaming and doing all that stuff. It's the athlete out there by themselves, in their head, having to figure it out. If we take it outside of sport, like, you're not worried about what your kids do when you look over them, right? When you're there in the house, you're worried about what happens when they go out into the world. Same in the workplace. So, to me, it's, it's pretty simple.

• 1:40:30Steve Magness?

  It's like, yeah, that, that like dictating and controlling method might work if you're right over the top of them. But you want to train the ability, and in order to do that, you have to give them a choice.

• 1:40:42Rich Roll?

  Right. My favorite example in the book of that is what Kerr does with the Warriors. When they're at the top of their game and they're winning everything. So, tell that, tell that story. I think it's very instructive.

• 1:40:54Steve Magness?

  Yeah, so it's the middle of one of their championship seasons. And they were winning a lot. They were one of the best teams, obviously. And he looks around and he says, you know what, like, ah, we're lacking a little something. So he goes in the, in the pre-game, like, shoot around in the morning and says, guys,

• 1:41:15Steve Magness?

  You're gonna coach, I'm gonna step back. You run the practice, you run the game, you call everything. I'm gonna step back and he just hands over the reins.

• 1:41:25Rich Roll?

  Has anybody ever done that in the NBA before?

• 1:41:27Steve Magness?

  I don't think in NBA, there wasn't an example that I could find of just turning it over to literally players, not player coaches, literally players to call it. But I think that's such an empowering thing because what message does it send?

• 1:41:42Rich Roll?

  I trust you and it's up to you.

• 1:41:45Steve Magness?

  Yeah, which is the best of both worlds. It's saying, I trust you, I have my faith in you and you guys go show me you got it. You guys get the work done. Like I have the confidence in you. You want to talk about instilling trust and confidence? That's how you do it, right? Because that's real, that's turning over those reins. That's saying, hey, I believe in you guys and let's see what you guys can do. I'm gonna give you a shot.

• 1:42:15Rich Roll?

  Right, and so in the workplace, the analogy would be stop micromanaging and find ways to incentivize the people that are working underneath you and provide them with agency to make decisions and choices.

• 1:42:29Steve Magness?

  Which goes against our natural inclination when things are tough and when things are going, you know, difficultly. Our natural inclination is like, oh, man, I've got the answers. I've got to like control everything and do all this stuff. But it backfires and if you look at, again, the research in the workplace is very clear. Google ran, you know, a study on teams that found that the number one thing in terms of team productivity was psychological safety. What is psychological safety? I can take risks to do my job.

• 1:43:03Rich Roll?

  Right, and if I fail or fall short, I still have job security.

• 1:43:08Steve Magness?

  Exactly, and so much, so much when we create the culture that is like, oh, like fear-based or punishment-based or fear of losing your job. That doesn't make people tougher resilient. That makes people constrict so that they're in protective mode. They don't take the risks. They don't go for the innovation because why would they? If they do it and it fails, they lose a job.

• 1:43:35Rich Roll?

  Right, they're just trying to figure out, what does my boss want me to do? So my boss will approve of this action rather than what is the most effective solution to this problem?

• 1:43:43Steve Magness?

  Exactly. And what you often see, and this is actually a major problem in actually education, because they often micromanage and like dictate everything, is that people stop trying. Because if they know they're gonna be like micromanaged, then they quickly figure out, okay, here are the boxes I need to check to get the job done. And anything else like isn't wanted or won't get me anywhere. So I'm just gonna fall to the level of the micromanagement.

• 1:44:17Rich Roll?

  Right, you talk about that in the context of education. And teachers have to, they have this curriculum that's, you know, drilled down to 15 minute intervals. And basically, there's no room for them to be creative and to really express what inspired them to become teachers in the first place.

• 1:44:33Steve Magness?

  Exactly. And that's probably why we have such a crisis in teaching.

• 1:44:37Rich Roll?

  Yeah. Well, let's talk about the next one, which is, which is learning how to respond instead of react. And this is like at the crux of like the whole thing, right? We were talking about temper tantrums and the like. Like, how can you maintain your equanimity and your mindfulness under extreme pressure so that you can make the right decision? And kind of put yourself in the best position for the optimal outcome?

• 1:45:02Steve Magness?

  Yeah, I mean, this is kind of the crux of the whole thing from an individual level. It's like, how do you keep? In the book, I like to call it is, how do you keep that alarm from spiraling out of control to a full freak out? And the way to do that is create space. It's not to bulldoze through, it's to create space so that you can navigate it. Because if you look at the science, it's pretty simple. It's, we tend to feel something. Our inner dialogue starts to go.

• 1:45:35Steve Magness?

  And then based on how loud those two things are, we're pushed or shoved towards an action. And we want that action to be something good and productive. But often what it is, is it's the easy path, that choosing the candy instead of the vegetables. Because we're just trying to escape this feeling, inner dialogue thought spiral. So how do we deal with that? We've got to slow it down. Create some space so that we don't have like the momentum of those two things. Like feeling intertwined and feeling like, you know, once they spiral, it's out of control and we can't do anything.

• 1:46:16Rich Roll?

  Right, so this is where mindfulness practices come in. Because you're talking about, like if you're, if you're talking about an athlete, you're talking about, you know, nanoseconds. So creating, how do you create space? When you're in a situation of flow and you have to just, you know, kind of intuitively move in the right direction and not react and fall prey to, you know, some kind of base emotion that's going to make you make the wrong decision, right? So creating space is a habit, a practice that we can cultivate through these more eastern influenced modalities. But at the same time, like I'm thinking about something you talked about earlier in the book, which is, you know, when we're pushed up against the wall,

• 1:47:00Rich Roll?

  we have this hormonal flight or fight response, right? And you kind of put the lie to that in that it is not binary in the way that we've thought about it. Like it isn't an either or thing. It's actually a much more complex kind of happening that's going on there.

• 1:47:17Steve Magness?

  Yeah, your brain is predictive. So it's trying to figure out the, the best solution based on the, the history it has. And then the situation in front of you. So it's not fight or flight. It's we can, we can run away, we can escape, we can find a friend to protect us. We can like protect our young. We can like find community. There's all these variations of responses that, that come with it. And each has its own kind of like hormonal milieu that, that like comes with it. So to me, it's about matching the right.

• 1:47:56Steve Magness?

  Response with the right situation and how you do, how do you do that over time? You got to train your body, just like we would, or train your mind, just like we would, our body to like default towards this response in these situations.

• 1:48:11Rich Roll?

  So walk me through how you practice that and how you preach practicing that with the athletes that you work with.

• 1:48:19Steve Magness?

  Yeah, so with athletes I work with, a lot of times I call it as, let's practice having a calm conversation, which means I'm going to put you in a situation that is incredibly uncomfortable. And then I want you to learn to sit with it and then use various strategies, which we can talk about, to figure out how to create space. Those strategies could be everything from visualize, self-talk, talking out loud. It could be like zooming out and shifting your perspective, your attention, any number of things, bunch of them. And in terms of putting themselves in a uncomfortable situation, we can do that, if I'm talking

• 1:49:04Steve Magness?

  runners, you can do it in workout, but you can do that anywhere. You could hop in an ice bath, you could go to a coffee shop and you're shy and don't want to talk to your neighbor, you can go sit there and talk to your neighbor. Anything that makes you uncomfortable is an opportunity to train your mental muscle to be able to like sit with that and navigate that.

• 1:49:25Rich Roll?

  And the science shows that if you practice that, you develop a capacity to recall that under duress in situations that aren't necessarily related or analogous to, you know, going into the coffee shop.

• 1:49:40Steve Magness?

  Exactly. It's essentially all you're doing, we'll simplify the neuroscience a lot, but.

• 1:49:47Steve Magness?

  You have an area in your brain called amygdala, which is threat processing area. It's like the alarm signal, right? Whenever something, your brain thinks something bad is gonna happen, amygdala goes up. You have the prefrontal cortex, which is what I'd call like the controller. It's like the rational part. That's job is to dampen down that amygdala and say, hey, everything's good. Don't have to worry about it. Anytime we can train our prefrontal cortex to send the message, hey, amygdala sending the alarm, everything's good. Like, don't freak out. It ingrains that pathway where you have this stronger emotional control. But the opposite occurs too, right?

• 1:50:28Rich Roll?

  Right.

• 1:50:29Steve Magness?

  If you train your brain to react all the time, it's gonna react all the time. That sensor is gonna be hypersensitive. You know, in, outside of all these performance worlds, what do we often do in our world of, let's say, social media? We train our brains to react, our amygdala to go off, even at the slightest hint of like, oh, that, that was kind of off, you know? So I think we have a world, and that's just one example, but we have a world that trains us to almost see everything as a threat. And we have to fight back against that a little bit. And if you look at also,

• 1:51:11Steve Magness?

  that threat response tends to be amplified with anybody who feels exhausted or burned out.

• 1:51:18Rich Roll?

  Yeah, yeah, yeah. How does that work or mesh with flow states? So obviously, you know, every athlete aspires to be in that state where it's almost an experience of no mind, where you're just in the, in the process of doing what you do and doing it as best as you can do, where a pause to reflect before responding is by definition an interruption of, that is a non-flow experience, right? So in training, you're trying to acclimate the athlete to the experience of flow, right? But how do those two things? I guess like an intervening event would disrupt the flow and then it becomes about like respond or react.

• 1:52:01Steve Magness?

  Yeah, so this, I'm glad you brought up this up because this was one of my favorite topics to talk about. So flow is great. Okay, we all desire to be in flow. It's wonderful. If you're in flow, your job is to stay in flow. Okay, so whatever you need to do to stay in flow, and actually, some of the research shows in terms of attention, is distraction will actually help you stay in flow.

• 1:52:26Rich Roll?

  Oh, really? That's counterintuitive.

• 1:52:27Steve Magness?

  It is. So if you look at golfers, for example, when they're in flow, they'll often talk to their caddy more to keep their mind off of everything else that they're actually doing.

• 1:52:37Rich Roll?

  Because if they start thinking about what they're doing, then they, yeah, yeah, yeah.

• 1:52:40Steve Magness?

  Yeah, so it keeps you in that, that state. Okay, so if you're in flow in that state, whatever works there. But that's where these tools help, right? If you have the ability to, what I call zoom in and zoom out, like distract yourself, or really deep down and get super focused. If you train that ability, when you're in flow, you have the ability to distract yourself a little bit productively. But we're not always, the other part of it is, we're not always going to be able to get in flow. Flow generally occurs when it's what's called a just manageable challenge,

• 1:53:14Steve Magness?

  and physiological arousal levels are moderate.

• 1:53:19Steve Magness?

  So if we can keep our arousal levels relatively high, but within check, we can get in flow. If for whatever reason, our nerves, anxiety, pressure, et cetera, get our arousal levels up high, super high, we can't get in flow. So we need to be able to do something when we're in situations where, like those arousal levels are through the roof. And what the science and research and psychology says there is that you can enter what's called a clutch state, which is essentially, instead of flow is like letting it happen, clutch is like, you have to make the decision to make it happen. And there, it's like, you need, again, similar tools,

• 1:54:03Steve Magness?

  but now instead of distraction, zooming like out, you have to zoom in while not losing your mind because you're super like, you know, adrenaline's going nuts.

• 1:54:13Rich Roll?

  Right, so the clutch state also, I suspect, can be trained by...

• 1:54:19Rich Roll?

  Placing yourself in stressful situations and trying to recall these mindfulness practices to provide space, right? So it's something you can train for. And I love the idea between the zoom in and you use like Frank Shorter in marathoning versus the zoom out, which is the fighter pilot that has to like, take into account like all these things that are going on because he's confronted with all these dials and switches and he can't just focus on one thing in order to make the right decision in that clutch experience.

• 1:54:50Steve Magness?

  Exactly. That's one of the things that was really fun researching and writing about is because, again, there's nuance and maybe this is what the message of the book is, is like, the more skills or tools you have in the tool belt, the more you're able to match one of those tools with whatever situation like you face. So in the example you just gave there, like Frank Shorter, marathoner, had to zoom in and get really focused. If you're a fighter pilot, like you have to zoom out so you can pay attention to all these things because like when danger is happening, you, your mind tends to narrow in on the like one little beeping buzzing thing. And the research shows that even if something else

• 1:55:34Steve Magness?

  is like beeping and buzzing, you don't hear it, which can be really dangerous if you're in a, in a like dangerous situation in the, in the air.

• 1:55:42Rich Roll?

  Right.

• 1:55:43Steve Magness?

  So you gotta train your mind to zoom back out, even though it's telling you like, focus on this one dial that is wrong.

• 1:55:50Rich Roll?

  Right. That's fascinating. Yeah. Because if you're thinking about marathoning, like just focus on your breath, like pick one thing as a metronome to crowd out all of the pain, pain and whatever other things that can be distraction. So you can just execute on the one thing. But that's very different from a rapidly developing and potentially dangerous situation where you're being attacked by lots of different things and you have to do some really rapid mind work to figure out what, where your attention is best placed.

• 1:56:24Steve Magness?

  Exactly. Attention is a tool. It's a trainable tool. And I think too often, we just kind of let it happen. But training it happens when you're deliberate about it.

• 1:56:36Rich Roll?

  Right. So how do you train it to know when you need to zoom in and when you need to zoom out?

• 1:56:41Steve Magness?

  Yeah.

• 1:56:41Rich Roll?

  So you're not just prey to whatever your brain is, wants to do, right?

• 1:56:47Steve Magness?

  So here, I think this comes down to like, practice, right? Is, to use the fighter example, what do they do? They go in simulators, right? And they have all these alarms buzzing and beeping, et cetera. And they have someone watching and essentially coaching them up. And if you miss an alarm, what does that tell you? You needed to zoom out in that situation and you didn't because you didn't hear that other alarm.

• 1:57:12Rich Roll?

  But what if you're zoomed out and you're just hearing lots of bells? And you're just taking it all in? And what you really needed to do was figure out how to zoom in on the right thing?

• 1:57:20Steve Magness?

  Yeah, that's why they have the checklist. Right? I mean, that's, that's the reason. But I think in other pursuits, it's, you know, when I'm coaching runners, what often happens, and I did some research on this actually, is what we focus on in practice is entirely different than what we focus on in a race. So in practice, we know we're going to make through it. We know we're going to get on the other side, right? It's challenging, but it's, no one's watching. It doesn't matter. So what we tend to think of is, yeah, we're focused on the work, but we'll think of, oh, what am I, you know, going to have for lunch? What am I doing later with Johnny or Suzie? Like, there's more distracting thoughts of that stuff. In a race, there's almost none of that.

• 1:58:05Steve Magness?

  So in practice, we're training our brain to like, get through this workout by sometimes occasionally thinking about like, the future and distracting us. But that's not what we're facing in a race. So instead of seeing practice just as, hey, I need to hit these times on this workout to get things done, you need to see it as, what's my psychological or mental goal? What tool am I training? And actually, one of my really good athletes in college, Brian Brazos, went on to run professionally. He called it, "Some practices, I need to let my mind go to a bad place and then see if I can figure my way out. And if I can't, if I fall apart..."

• 1:58:47Steve Magness?

  Then that tells me that I didn't have the right tools to use and I've got to develop those tools.

• 1:58:52Rich Roll?

  So an example of that would be what? Like, like, let's say you're doing, I don't know, 400 repeats or whatever, like just run the first 100 meters way too fast. So then you're like, you know, you would never do that in a race, but what would I do in this situation where I've overexerted too early on?

• 1:59:09Steve Magness?

  Put yourself in a hole.

• 1:59:10Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 1:59:10Steve Magness?

  Exactly. Like you put yourself in a hole and then now you have to like get, get out of that because like you can't just quit. You're just not going to stop. So like, how do you get out of that situation, which is not, you know, comfortable?

• 1:59:24Rich Roll?

  Hmm. Yeah. Interesting. Well, let's talk about the last one, which is the last pillar, transcending discomfort. I mean, this is sort of like the global thing, right? Like, how can you inoculate yourself, or that's the wrong word. How can you create a habit of exposing yourself to difficult things and increasing that level of difficulty gradually over time?

• 1:59:47Steve Magness?

  Yeah. So this was probably, you know, one of the funnest sections or the funnest section to, because it like pulls out from the individual and says, okay, what's the global thing, as you said. And it's kind of like surprising, but it kind of isn't, but it's like, well, if you fulfill people's basic psychological needs and you combine that with meaning, people can handle really difficult things. And what are those basic psychological needs? Competency, feeling like I can make progress and grow in whatever I'm doing. Autonomy, which we talked about earlier, like feeling like I have some sort

• 2:00:31Steve Magness?

  of control over things and belonging. Do I belong to this group? Do I feel a part of this? Is this bigger than myself? And you combine that with meaning, meaning is this endeavor or this thing I'm getting through that is really hard? Is it more than just for a paycheck or for whatever, whatever it is?

• 2:00:54Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 2:00:56Rich Roll?

  So as a coach or as a leader in the workplace, like, how do you cultivate those things so that your team can do the best they can do?

• 2:01:07Steve Magness?

  So I think this is where we often get it wrong. What do we do in the workplace? We often come up with core values and slogans.

• 2:01:14Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 2:01:15Steve Magness?

  We put them on the wall. And then we say, "Look at those things."

• 2:01:19Rich Roll?

  With a picture of, like, a crew rowing a boat.

• 2:01:24Steve Magness?

  Yeah, exactly. Like the stock photo. And it's like, "Look at these things."

• 2:01:29Rich Roll?

  So motive, so inspired.

• 2:01:31Steve Magness?

  This is the problem. They're not authentic. People know, right? People, like, understand, our brains can tell real from fake. So if it's not authentic, it's not going to work. So the best thing that you can do as a leader to create resilient teams is to be authentic and support people in a way that helps them be authentic in what they're doing. So if you're talking about, you know, autonomy, belonging, all of these things, well, you have to actually want those, number one. And then, number two, you have to lead by example, by setting the stage. And I think there's some brilliant examples in sport.

• 2:02:16Steve Magness?

  One that I talk about in the book is, you know, Greg Popovich, the famous coach for the San Antonio Spurs. How does he create belonging? Well, before getting there, actually, I'll tell the story, then I'll get there. He creates belonging by inviting all the players to these, like, well-thought-out dinners where he takes the time to pick the food. He's a wine expert. He picks the wine. He arranges the tables in the right way with the right people to kind of create this natural conversation. Because how do we create belonging? It's not through, like, trust falls and, like, random exercises. It's through genuine connection.

• 2:03:00Steve Magness?

  What Popovich does brilliantly is he creates the space for genuine connection. And it's something that he's passionate about. He loves food, he loves wine, so people get excited about it.

• 2:03:10Rich Roll?

  But he doesn't let them choose the wine or the food.

• 2:03:12Steve Magness?

  No, he doesn't. That's true. But here's what happened. Okay, I've worked with a couple of NBA teams. And after this kind of story broke, they'd be like, Steve, we tried team dinners. No one showed up. Be like, you're missing the picture. The dinner isn't the thing. It can be an avenue. But the thing is, Popovich was really passionate about this and created the environment where people wanted to connect.

• 2:03:41Rich Roll?

  Because it was authentic to what he was inspired by.

• 2:03:44Steve Magness?

  Exactly. Like, find that thing for you, whatever it is. And it will, it will like coalesce and help people.

• 2:03:53Rich Roll?

  Right. I'm just imagining the chief financial officer, you know, who's into birding, making his team go birding with him.

• 2:04:03Rich Roll?

  It might go sideways.

• 2:04:04Steve Magness?

  It might go sideways, you know, it has to be something people generally like to do. But I do think it's like that, that, that passion is contagious and opens up an avenue. But the, the bottom line is, it's again, very simple. It's be authentic. And the other thing that I think is important, and then I found in the research, is that we often think that we have to like establish trust and then be authentic and vulnerable. But it's opposite.

• 2:04:33Rich Roll?

  Authenticity breeds trust.

• 2:04:34Steve Magness?

  Exactly. Right? Is we, is you don't get that, that trust without the authenticity.

• 2:04:40Rich Roll?

  Right.

• 2:04:41Steve Magness?

  You have to take the leap of faith so that the person sitting across from you says, oh, man, like that person is taking that leap. I'm going to do that with them.

• 2:04:51Rich Roll?

  And authenticity demands vulnerability. And this is where it gets tricky. Because leaders and athletes have been, you know, a nerd to that idea. Like, we've been taught since the beginning, don't show weakness, right? Where ultimately, greater strength is mined through the exploration of vulnerability. But it's a counterintuitive principle for a lot of leaders and high achievers.

• 2:05:15Steve Magness?

  Exactly. And I think the other part is, is it's like, once you've, if you're a high achiever, you're a leader, you're a CEO, like, you've been taught those things and you've also kind of grown into this hierarchy where it's almost like you have to learn how to put your ego aside as well, which is a very difficult thing.

• 2:05:35Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 2:05:36Steve Magness?

  Because you're known as the CEO, this guy who has the answers, all this good stuff. And now you have to say, you know, and I'm gonna put my quiet down my ego so that like we can share things that might be real and difficult and hard.

• 2:05:52Rich Roll?

  Right, because the delusion is that by expressing that vulnerability that you'll degrade the trust that you've created, but ultimately, as we just talked about, that authentic expression of vulnerability will engender even greater trust.

• 2:06:06Steve Magness?

  Exactly.

• 2:06:07Rich Roll?

  But it's, it's a risk. It's, it's scary.

• 2:06:10Steve Magness?

  It is. And, and that's where, you know, I call this book Do Hard Things, because I think part of it is, you know, and you talked about this even with myself and running, is that the growth comes from the discomfort. It's in there. If you can go in there, navigate it, and figure out how to come out on the other side.

• 2:06:31Rich Roll?

  Right. And the beautiful thing is, you see this cover and you're like, do hard things. Like, you think you're gonna read this book about like, here's how I'm gonna, you know, go to SEAL camp and make it through. And it's like, no, for any athlete, they know, they already know, like, doing the hard thing is the easy thing when it comes to the practicality of the training. If anything, we need to hold ourselves back. Like, that's not the issue that needs throttling. The real hard thing, the hard thing that we need to do, is the more nuanced approach to all of this that requires these challenging and frightening emotions to be called forth, such as vulnerability and authenticity and mindfulness and all of this kind of thing.

• 2:07:13Steve Magness?

  Exactly. The things that we think are hard aren't actually the hard thing.

• 2:07:17Rich Roll?

  That's the succinct way of putting what I just said.

• 2:07:22Rich Roll?

  Yeah, exactly. And that's, so it's kind of like a Trojan horse in that regard.

• 2:07:25Steve Magness?

  A hundred percent.

• 2:07:27Rich Roll?

  Yeah. Well, the book is amazing. Before I let you go, though, there are like a couple things that I wanted to ask you about. Not the least, because it's sort of been top of news right now, which is the fact that this six-year-old ran a marathon last week and the, the internet is not, you know, speaking kindly of, of what just occurred.

• 2:07:50Steve Magness?

  Yeah, I was.

• 2:07:52Rich Roll?

  Is that the youngest person who's ever done a sanctioned marathon?

• 2:07:55Steve Magness?

  I think it is.

• 2:07:55Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 2:07:56Steve Magness?

  That's the youngest.

• 2:07:56Rich Roll?

  What was going on here?

• 2:07:59Steve Magness?

  You know, I'm not the parent, but I can tell you, and I think Kara Goutier said this very well.

• 2:08:07Steve Magness?

  This isn't gonna help the child.

• 2:08:09Rich Roll?

  It didn't seem like, and I don't know, and I didn't dive too deeply into this, but it does seem like the kid wasn't really that enthusiastic. It's not like it was intrinsically driven by this kid's desire to do this. It was more coming from the parents.

• 2:08:24Steve Magness?

  So if you look at it, the parents are runners. They have this thing where they do all these races with their, I think they have six children.

• 2:08:34Rich Roll?

  Didn't they do the Appalachian Trail or something?

• 2:08:36Steve Magness?

  So it's a running family, et cetera, which is, which is fine, whatever. But if you're a six-year-old, you have to put it, you have to put your mind in that, that six-year-old. A six-year-old doesn't have the choice. They don't know what they're getting into. What they probably see, and it took them like eight hours to run the marathon. So they obviously weren't trained, although I don't know how you train a six-year-old. But what you see here is most likely is pretty simple. You have a kid who sees all his siblings participating in these races. You have a, you have parents who participate in these races with the family and, you know, video them for YouTube and all that stuff.

• 2:09:18Steve Magness?

  And you just have a kid who probably wants attention, support, love, et cetera, like any child wants. And the path towards that looked like probably running a marathon.

• 2:09:32Rich Roll?

  Right. It doesn't necessitate an explicit pronouncement from the parent, like we expect you to do this. It's just implied because this is what we do as a family.

• 2:09:40Steve Magness?

  Exactly. And that's where I think it's really dangerous. Because again, as a parent, you have to be like, and I'm not one, so I'm not trying to speak for any, but I've seen and worked with athletes who had similar, very young experiences in running and endurance sport.

• 2:10:02Steve Magness?

  And it creates this weird kind of identity cementation around things and this weird like, this is how I get approval from my parents. And this is where that comes from. And that's a very dangerous game to play. We're not even talking about the physical ramifications of a six year old running a marathon. I just think from a psychological standpoint, that's a very dangerous game to play. And I think it's concerning and you're seeing more and more of it in the age of social media, Instagram, et cetera, where parents don't realize the expectations,

• 2:10:41Steve Magness?

  the psychological baggage they're placing on their young kids from like projecting, using their children for their athletic pursuits.

• 2:10:54Rich Roll?

  Yeah, and I think it's important to point out that, that nobody's, nobody's implying a nefarious motive on behalf of the parents. It's just a lack of awareness around this.

• 2:11:06Steve Magness?

  Exactly. It's, it's, you know, you see this at every sport. You see it in the little leagues, like soccer parents or what have you, baseball parents. I see it all the time. As I said, my wife's an elementary school teacher and I get invited to these games with her and she drags me along to her classes and it's the wildest crap I've ever seen. It drives me nuts.

• 2:11:28Rich Roll?

  Just, you mean like screaming parents?

• 2:11:29Steve Magness?

  Screaming parents, parents of like five year olds yelling at refs. And you're just like, it's a youth soccer, like, or youth tag football game, like chill out. But you know, one of the interesting thing, I was, I was talking to a former, well teammate of mine, we ran on the same club team, Lindsey Gallo, who was NCAA champion at Michigan in the 1500. And she made this nice comment. She said, you know what, Steve? I have kids now. I have a bunch of friends who, you know, used to run college at a high level. They're on the sideline and they're chilled out. They're not yelling at their kids. They're not worried if the kid wins or loses or whatever. And we had this nice conversation

• 2:12:13Steve Magness?

  where it's like, I've seen the same thing. Because if you've been through the crucible, you've been to a relatively high level, you know what it takes, you know what the psychology is, you know that like, basically, and this is coming from me in coaching, the parent can either get in the way, or they can just kind of support and allow them to flourish. And so many think, like, oh, if I do this, this and this, they get in the way. But I'll tell you, from a college coaching standpoint, I had more than a handful of parents, and they're good people. It's not that they're bad people. They want the best for their kid. I had more than a handful of parents who I had to tell, hey, can you not show up at the conference championship?

• 2:12:59Steve Magness?

  Because, because the kid would freak out because they have expectations. And it's not like the parent was intentionally doing that.

• 2:13:06Rich Roll?

  No, no, no, I get it. Yeah, yeah. It's pretty crazy. And it is funny, you know, just being, when you, when you become a parent and you go to all those events, like, yeah, if you've, if you've come up in athletics, particularly athletics at a high level, like, you're just not the person doing that, unless you had a very unhealthy experience with that. The people that are screaming and yelling tend to be people who were not athletes or had a very frustrated experience with athletics and are projecting onto their kids some kind of unfulfilled, you know, hope and dream.

• 2:13:40Steve Magness?

  Exactly. If I had one message to parents, it would be chill out. Yeah. Like on your ath- on your athlete. And I have this debate with my wife all the time, who is also a very, she was All-American in, in, in track in, in college. And we have this debate all the time. We're like, do we really want our, our kid to be like a runner or not? Just because it's like, do you want that, like, expectation? And how would we handle that? And we're always just like, hands off, like, no coaching, like, you do you, like, whatever you want to do. You want to run? Great. You want to play soccer or join math club? Doesn't matter. And I think that's because we've both like been through that crucible of like,

• 2:14:22Steve Magness?

  Like, it's great, don't get me wrong, but you've got to be the one who chooses to do it.

• 2:14:27Rich Roll?

  Well, let me, let me put you at ease a little bit as somebody who's been in the parenting game for, for a while. Like, your decision as to whether or not you want your kid, if you end up having a kid, to go into running is really not something you need to concern yourself with because your kid will let you know. Like, they, they don't, it's like, they're their own people. They don't come from you, they come through you, and they're a little bit more baked than you presume in terms of the nature versus nurture thing.

• 2:14:58Steve Magness?

  Yeah, I love that.

• 2:14:59Rich Roll?

  They tend to be very different than what you expect, and that becomes your own personal kind of growth experience with them as your teachers.

• 2:15:09Steve Magness?

  That's awesome. That's great advice.

• 2:15:10Rich Roll?

  One final thing, though, because people are gonna kill me that I have, if I don't, like, I've got this elite track and field marathon coach sitting across from me, and I have not even asked anything about like, you know, how to be a better runner for all the people that are listening to this, thinking that they're gonna get tips on, you know, for their next marathon. So, maybe we can round this out with just a few thoughts on where you see the average, you know, marathoner, half marathoner type person kind of go astray? And where you think that their attention should be better focused? And this is obviously in the most general terms.

• 2:15:47Steve Magness?

  Yeah, yeah, very open-ended. So what I would, I would say is this. I see the, the general marathon, half marathoner, they train too hard, they go too hard on their easy days.

• 2:16:00Steve Magness?

  They overcook it on the easy days and don't go slow enough.

• 2:16:05Rich Roll?

  Right. I just got dragged on the internet over the past couple of days for something I posted like last October, where I posted that little clip of the Kenyans, you know, doing their shuffle, and I was like, "Slow days are for going slow," and it's them running like extremely slow, right? And for some reason, in the last couple of days, this, this tweet resurfaced, and a bunch of people are, are angry, or there's like a divisiveness of opinion about this. Because I think there is, maybe you know more about this than I do, but there was a track and field coach. Who was tweeting a lot about how, you know, we over index on the slow miles and like that shouldn't really be considered training and blah, blah, blah. And a bunch of coaches

• 2:16:48Rich Roll?

  piled on him and said, no, that's not true. So there seems to be a little bit of a Twitter controversy around slow days and what that means and the appropriateness of, you know, what is kind of pejoratively called junk miles, but which I think are important. So maybe a few thoughts on that to clear this up from your perspective.

• 2:17:07Steve Magness?

  Yeah, you're gonna throw me into the, the social media Twitter mayhem.

• 2:17:10Rich Roll?

  Do you know what I'm talking about though? You're, you're aware of this.

• 2:17:14Steve Magness?

  Yeah, yeah, yeah. Oh, yeah. The controversy's in running. We argue over the weirdest things. So here, here's what I would say is that there's no doubt in longer distance stuff, aerobic development is key. And for most of us, that aerobic development takes a really long time, or for everyone, it takes a really long time. And the key is how much easy running can I accumulate safely? So your slow, easy days?

• 2:17:48Rich Roll?

  And what does easy actually mean?

• 2:17:50Steve Magness?

  So here's my, I'll give you the simple answer. You should be able to have a conversation like we're having here. If, now, don't get me wrong, you shouldn't be able to like have a conversation, not breathe, but you should be able to have a relatively normal conversation. If you start having what I'd call a texting conversation, you're going too fast. So that's how I kind of frame it. And I think if you look at that and you're doing it in a, and again, whatever you can handle, easy days are, are great. Are you going to need more

• 2:18:30Steve Magness?

  than that? Of course. Like, intensity stuff matters, of course. But it's like the, the icing on top of the cake. That like is vital, like you need it for the cake to taste good, but you don't need like as much as you would to bake the cake, right? The ingredients to bake the cake. So to me, it's like we argue over these things and I'll give the historical example to maybe help this out. Is way back in the day, we used to argue over whether we should walk for a really long time? Or do interval training on the track for seven days a week?

• 2:19:14Steve Magness?

  In the 1920s, 30s, 40s, that was the debate. Really long walks or on the track smashing 200s every day. Now, no one's debating that. Now we're debating over this like middle ground where everyone agrees you have to run a decent amount of easy stuff. Everyone agrees you have to occasionally go hard. And the advice I'll leave your listeners to, which is like, you know, it's like my little haiku of running, which is like lots of easy running, occasionally go hard, very, very rarely go see God. Which means like go to the well so that you know what it means.

• 2:19:57Rich Roll?

  Right, right, right, right. I think that's wise advice. My sense is that people don't have the quiet confidence that you talk about in the book to do, to go slow on the slow days. And that's part and parcel of why this is debate like, oh, you know, I can't afford to go slow because I'm not fit enough, or they don't trust in their training plan or their coach or what have you. Or they don't understand just what slow actually means. And on those harder days and hard days, they're not going hard enough. So they're not really training the polarities. They're just kind of in this perpetual gray zone. And then they're confused when they plateau and can't break through that plateau.

• 2:20:36Steve Magness?

  Yeah, I think I agree 100%. I think it takes security to run easy.

• 2:20:42Rich Roll?

  Yeah.

• 2:20:43Steve Magness?

  Like it takes the confidence.

• 2:20:44Rich Roll?

  How dare you. Well, don't at Steve, don't at me on that, just, you know. Put that in your pipe and smoke it and do with it what you will. Pleasure to talk to you. I'm really excited for this book to come out and be birthed into the world. You're doing the world a service. I think you did the right thing by graduating from your tenure at University of Houston to make yourself more available to people like myself. So I thank you for that. And I can't wait to see what this new chapter brings. The book is great. It's called Do Hard Things. You can find it everywhere. Comes out June 21. Available for, I don't know when this is going out. Maybe it'll be out, maybe it won't. We'll figure that out. And where else do you want to have people find you? The growth, we didn't even talk about the growth equation. I talked about that

• 2:21:28Rich Roll?

  with Brad. That's a newsletter and podcast that you do with Brad Stolberg. Where can everybody find what you're putting out into the world?

• 2:21:36Steve Magness?

  Yeah, you can go to thegrowtheq.com. You can go to stevemagnus.com or find me on any social media at Steve Magness. Just don't yell at me.

• 2:21:46Rich Roll?

  Yeah, getting into fights with other track coaches about zone two and the like, right? All right. Well, come back and talk to me again. Until then, it was great talking to you, man. Thank you.

• 2:21:55Steve Magness?

  Thanks a lot.

• 2:21:56Rich Roll?

  Why not? Peace.

• 2:22:04Rich Roll?

  That's it for today. Thank you for listening. I truly hope you enjoyed the conversation. To learn more about today's guests, including links and resources related to everything discussed today, visit the episode page at richroll.com where you can find the entire podcast archive, as well as podcast merch, my books, Finding Ultra, Voicing Change, and The Plant Power Way, as well as the Plant Power Meal Planner at meals.richroll.com. If you'd like to support the podcast, the easiest and most impactful thing you can do is to subscribe to the show on Apple Podcasts, on Spotify, and on YouTube, and leave a review and/or comment.

• 2:22:48Rich Roll?

  Supporting the sponsors who support the show is also important and appreciated. And sharing the show or your favorite episode with friends or on social media is of course awesome and very helpful. And finally, for podcast updates, special offers on books, the meal planner, and other subjects, please subscribe to our newsletter, which you can find on the footer of any page at richroll.com. Today's show was produced and engineered by Jason Camiolo, with additional audio engineering by Cale Curtis. The video edition of the podcast was created by Blake Curtis, with assistance by our creative director, Dan Drake. Portraits by Davy Greenberg and Grayson Wilder.

• 2:23:29Rich Roll?

  Graphic and social media assets courtesy of Jessica Miranda, Daniel Solis, Dan Drake, and A.J. Akpodiette. Thank you Georgia Whaley for copywriting and website management. And of course, our theme music was created by Tyler Pyatt, Trapper Pyatt, and Harry Mathis. Appreciate the love, love the support, see you back here soon. Peace. Plants.