ChatGPT Brain Rot Debate: The Fastest Way to Get Dementia, Watch This Before Using ChatGPT Again, Especially If Your Kids Use It!

MIT just announced that AI is rotting your brain?! Two world-leading experts break this study down and reveal how AI and ChatGPT could silently shrink your brain, kill creativity, and wreck your memory. Dr Daniel Amen is a renowned psychiatrist, brain health expert, and founder of Amen Clinics, which holds over 270,000 brain scans. He is joined by Dr Terry Sejnowski, a pioneer in the field of computational neuroscience and co-creator of the Boltzmann machine, a groundbreaking neural network that helped lay the foundation for modern AI. They discuss: The evolutionary reason why ChatGPT is dangerous for your brain How ChatGPT trains your brain to avoid discomfort, and why that’s dangerous How using AI too early in life may block emotional growth and resilience The surprising reason AI might make you more anxious, not less Why brain reserve is your greatest defense against future decline The hidden mental cost of seeking “perfect” partners through robotics and artificial intimacy What you can do right now to protect your brain health in an AI-saturated world 00:00 Intro 00:02:53 Terry's Background 00:03:35 Daniel Amen Introduction 00:04:35 MIT Study: ChatGPT and Reduced Brain Function 00:07:42 The Link Between ChatGPT and Dementia 00:11:09 Biggest AI Concerns Before Understanding Long-Term Consequences 00:19:49 What Does a Healthy Relationship with AI Look Like? 00:23:09 AI and Early Brain Development 00:25:43 AI Girlfriends 00:35:38 Why Struggle Is Good for Your Brain 00:37:24 Biggest Concerns with AI 00:40:26 ChatGPT Best Practices 00:45:07 Do We Still Need to Spell? 00:46:53 How Can We Learn Better? 00:48:32 How to Avoid Procrastination 00:52:12 Ads 00:54:15 Boosting Brain Health Without AI 00:57:57 Are We Raising Mentally Weak Kids? 00:58:46 Effects of Religion on the Brain 01:01:43 How to Build a Brain-Healthy Nation 01:03:55 Things That Are Bad for Your Brain 01:07:24 Artificial Sweeteners 01:09:07 Is Loud Noise Bad for Your Brain? 01:10:19 Ads 01:11:11 Multitasking 01:12:59 What’s Causing the Rise in ADHD? 01:16:07 Negativity in the Brain 01:18:30 The Top Tip for a Healthier Brain 01:21:08 Importance of Sleep for Brain Health 01:26:59 Are You Prepared for Your Next Health Challenge? Follow Dr Daniel: Instagram - https://bit.ly/45pGDHk X - https://bit.ly/4m8NtIz Website - https://bit.ly/4lhW9uS Podcast - https://apple.co/4op5WSz You can purchase Dr Daniel’s book, ‘Raising Mentally Strong Kids’, here: https://amzn.to/4ldncHB Follow Dr Terry: X - https://bit.ly/4frO4T6 Salk Institute Academic Profile - https://bit.ly/3H3Sy5H Publications - https://bit.ly/4mbwrcS You can purchase Dr Terry’s book, ‘ChatGPT and the Future of AI: The Deep Language Revolution’, here: https://amzn.to/45kw0Wb The Diary Of A CEO: ⬜️Join DOAC circle here - https://doaccircle.com/ ⬜️Buy The Diary Of A CEO book here - https://smarturl.it/DOACbook ⬜️The 1% Diary is back - limited time only: https://bit.ly/3YFbJbt ⬜️The Diary Of A CEO Conversation Cards (Second Edition): https://g2ul0.app.link/f31dsUttKKb ⬜️Get email updates - https://bit.ly/diary-of-a-ceo-yt ⬜️Follow Steven - https://g2ul0.app.link/gnGqL4IsKKb Independent research:https://stevenbartlett.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/DOAC-Dr-Terry-Dr-Amen-debate-Independent-Research-further-reading-.pdf Sponsors: Stan Store - https://stevenbartlett.stan.store/ for your 30-day free trialVodafone - Check out the first episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wL1Swvp4X5w Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:00Daniel Amen?

  Chat GPT is going to potentially increase your risk of dementia.

• 0:05Speaker 01

  I'm sorry, but you've pressed my button and actually it is possible to use it to help you become a smarter person, but it requires education. You have to look at the risks and the benefits.

• 0:14Daniel Amen?

  But we've embraced convenience before understanding consequence.

• 0:20Steven Bartlett?

  So we have to talk about this. This is a study that came out that sent a shock wave across the world. And astonishingly, MIT found a 47% collapse in brain activity when people wrote with Chat GPT compared with writing unaided. Their memory scores plunged. And you're both masters of the brain. I mean, you've probably scanned more brains than any other human on earth at this point. And you invented the Boltzmann machine with Geoffrey Hinton, a computer that simulated how the brain works. So my question is, what are your concerns?

• 0:47Speaker 01

  If you misuse these large language models, like using it as a convenience to speed things up, your brain's going to go downhill. There's no doubt about that.

• 0:54Steven Bartlett?

  What about children?

• 0:55Daniel Amen?

  We have the sickest young generation in history because of cell phones, social media, and I think AI is much more dangerous on the developing brain.

• 1:04Steven Bartlett?

  So are we raising mentally weak kids?

• 1:07Daniel Amen?

  There is that argument, and I think it's true.

• 1:10Steven Bartlett?

  And then there's many examples of people falling in love with AIs like Annie.

• 1:14Speaker 03

  I thought you might have forgotten about me, handsome.

• 1:16Steven Bartlett?

  Can you talk to Daniel and Terry, please?

• 1:18Speaker 03

  Oh, baby, I'm ready to charm the socks off him. Picture me.

• 1:21Steven Bartlett?

  Okay, so I'll stop at that. So what advice would you give as it relates to AI and other things outside of AI that we can do to have healthy brains?

• 1:28Speaker 01

  I'll tell you how to use Chat GPT to improve our cognitive abilities.

• 1:32Daniel Amen?

  And if you want to keep your brain healthy, you have to treat the 11 major risk factors.

• 1:37Speaker 01

  So here we go.

• 1:39Steven Bartlett?

  Quick one before we get back to this episode. Just give me 30 seconds of your time. Two things I wanted to say. The first thing is a huge thank you for listening and tuning into the show week after week. It means the world to all of us. And this really is a dream that we absolutely never had and couldn't have imagined getting to this place. But secondly, it's a dream where we feel like we're only just getting started. And if you enjoy what we do here, please join the 24% of people that listen to this podcast regularly and follow us on this app. Here's a promise I'm going to make to you. I'm going to do everything in my power to make this show as good as I can now and into the future. We're going to deliver the guests that you want me to speak to, and we're going to continue to keep doing all of the things you love about the show. Thank you. Thank you so much. Back to the episode.

• 2:26Steven Bartlett?

  Dr Daniel, Dr Terry, I have asked you both to sit with me today to help me understand the impact of these tools that we call large language models, the ChatGPTs, the Geminis of the world, the Groks of the world are having on our brains and I guess more broadly on our lives. And you two are experts in your field, you're two people that I admire tremendously. So by way of introduction, Terry, what is your academic background and what is your experience? And I also know that you know one of our friends of the show, Geoffrey Hinton. Can you give me an overview of your academic and your sort of professional background?

• 3:02Speaker 01

  So I was born a physicist, received a PhD in theoretical physics from Princeton University. And then I had the good fortune to work as a postdoc in the lab of Stephen Kuffler, who is the father of neurobiology. And that started my career as a neuroscientist. I pioneered a part of neuroscience, which is now called computational neuroscience, taking my skills as a physicist and trying to apply that to understanding the brain, creating models, theories, and we're making progress.

• 3:34Steven Bartlett?

  Dr Daniel Lehman, a bit about your background, my viewers know you well, but just to give an overview for anyone that might not have been exposed to your work and your experience, what have you spent your life doing? And what are your thoughts, your sort of top line thoughts on everything that's going on at the moment with artificial intelligence?

• 3:52Daniel Amen?

  So by training, I'm a psychiatrist, I'm a general psychiatrist and a child psychiatrist. When I graduated from medical school, I wanted to be a really good psychiatrist because someone I loved tried to kill herself. And so was personal to me. I have 11 clinics. We see about 10,000 patient visits a month. And we have the best published outcomes on complex treatment resistance psychiatric patients anywhere.

• 4:24Steven Bartlett?

  So you've probably scanned more brains than any other human on earth at this point?

• 4:28Daniel Amen?

  Probably, at least in regards to people who struggle with anxiety, depression, addiction.

• 4:36Steven Bartlett?

  Well, let's talk about what's good for the brain, bad for the brain, starting with AI. The reason why I wanted to speak to both of you is because I have frankly become pretty addicted to using ChatGPT and some of these other AIs and large language models every single day, all the time. And then this study came out from MIT. It was fifty-four participants who were recruited from five universities in Boston, MIT, Harvard, et cetera, et cetera. And they had the participants split into three groups, had them writing different essays over, I think it was four months. One group used ChatGPT, one group used Google, and one group had no tools. And they had to write these four essays over a period of time. And astonishingly, MIT found a forty-seven percent collapse in activity

• 5:21Steven Bartlett?

  and brain connections when people wrote with ChatGPT compared with writing unaided. EEG scans showed the weakest overall brain activity in the ChatGPT group. The no-tool group, who didn't use anything, they didn't use Google or ChatGPT, lit up the widest neural networks, and Google search was second. After using ChatGPT, participants couldn't reliably quote their own essays minutes later, and their memory scores plunged. ChatGPT users felt little or no ownership over the text that they had produced, and didn't feel like it was their work at all. And when the AI group was forced to write without help in session four, their brain stayed in low gear, under engagement, showing the cognitive debt lingers even after the tool is taken away.

• 6:06Steven Bartlett?

  It kind of scared me a little bit because I use these tools every single day. And this suggests that it's taking away some of our critical thinking and creativity and long-term learning. And you're both masters of the brain in different regards. So my question, I guess, to Daniel is, what's going on here? And how do you feel about it?

• 6:25Daniel Amen?

  It frightened me. I love thinking about Alzheimer's prevention. It's one of the things that really excites me. I just had a birthday on Saturday, turned seventy-one. And if I make it to eighty-five, which I plan on it, fifty percent of people eighty-five and older will be diagnosed with dementia. So you have a one in two chance of having lost your mind. And I'm like, no.

• 6:53Daniel Amen?

  But is this a tool that's going to decrease cognitive load that then increases my risk?

• 7:02Steven Bartlett?

  What's cognitive load?

• 7:03Daniel Amen?

  How much work my brain actually does. And I was thinking, you know, it's like going from a 20-pound weight to a 2-pound weight, and you're not nearly as strong. One of the important things to say about this study is it's not peer reviewed. And I think that's really important to say. And the author said, because I listened to an interview from the authors, they said, we thought this was so important, and peer review can take six to eight months, which it absolutely can, and we thought this needed to get out. So it's just important for people to know that.

• 7:42Steven Bartlett?

  What's this link, this hypothesis you have between the usage of something like ChatGPT and dementia? For someone that doesn't understand the sort of mechanism there around cognitive load and so on, and the studies that support this idea that if you have less cognitive load, you're at higher risk of dementia, can you make that link really clear for me?

• 8:02Daniel Amen?

  So think of it as use it or lose it. The more you use your brain, and new learning is a major strategy to prevent Alzheimer's disease. People who do not engage in lifelong learning have a higher risk, significantly higher. People who do not do as well in school, or who drop out of school early, have a higher risk of dementia. And so the more you're engaged, the more you engage the neurons in your brain, the stronger they are. And so now, we're going to engage them less.

• 8:45Daniel Amen?

  And that's a concern.

• 8:48Daniel Amen?

  What do you think about that, Terry?

• 8:49Speaker 01

  There's a study that was done. What they did was to look at Alzheimer's in three populations. You know, had very little schooling and then minimal education, you know, like the equivalent, I guess, of high school or less. And then the postgraduate studies. And what they found was that the onset of Alzheimer's was the earliest in the peasant population. And then by the time, as you increase the amount of education, the onset was later and later, which I think supports what you're saying.

• 9:21Daniel Amen?

  Did you see the new research on SSRIs increasing the risk of dementia?

• 9:25Speaker 01

  No, no.

• 9:26Daniel Amen?

  Brand new. That just came out. And benzos, when I started looking at scans in 1991, I was trained to use benzos like Valium and Xanax and Ativan. And they make your brain look older than you are. And I stopped prescribing them. And then it just came out, maybe 10 years ago, benzo use is associated with an increased risk of dementia. We have to be careful. Is this good for your brain or bad for it?

• 9:53Steven Bartlett?

  Just to pick up on a new point about SSRIs, Daniel. A meta-analysis of five studies found that SSRIs was associated with a 75% increase risk of dementia, which is pretty staggering.

• 10:06Daniel Amen?

  Given that 25% of the adult American population is on psychiatric drugs, it's horrifying. And SSRIs for the right people save lives. For the wrong people, they're not good. But can you imagine all of these 340 million prescriptions last year for antidepressants? Virtually no one looked at their brain ahead of time. And it's like, come on, we can do better.

• 10:34Steven Bartlett?

  There's a Swedish study with almost 20,000 patients. And they found that those with higher doses of SSRIs were linked to faster cognitive decline and more severe dementia, especially in men. The greatest risk was in men. Going back to this, this report from MIT, Terry. You know, it's not peer reviewed yet, and they're still, you know, the sample size is relatively small, but based on everything that you know about how the brain works and neural networks and memory formation, what are your concerns as it relates to this whole generation of young people and older people flooding into these tools, using them on a daily basis, before we understand the long term consequences?

• 11:16Speaker 01

  We can't predict where it's going to end up, and it may take 20 years, right? I think that this is a good start, but the real issue is long term use. Let me give you an example that is a kind of a miniature example of what we're talking about. Remember when electronic calculators were first introduced? And here we are, it's at least 30 or 40 years later, the results are in. It's probably true that when they punch it in, there's less brain activity, but in fact, it's made them more accurate, more productive. You have to look at the risks and the benefits.

• 11:57Daniel Amen?

  So it freed them up. It freed up cognitive space for them to do other things. So as I was listening to how you use ChatGPT, you interact with it and elevates what you know. The danger is, is if you don't interact and you don't keep your brain working. Like, I use it a lot. I have the clone. I've uploaded all of my books, all of my research papers, all of my public television specials, my scripts, and I'm like, answer this for me. And that can be very helpful.

• 12:43Daniel Amen?

  But not if I'm not interacting with it, not thinking with it.

• 12:47Steven Bartlett?

  That's what I think the word thinking is the key thing because what's happening now is people have deferred their thinking to it. That is already what's happening. If you log on to, I won't name the social networks, but if you log on to certain social networks right now, you just read it, you get everything here was written by AI. And I've got a friend, who again, I won't name, who has a LinkedIn profile and I've known him for 10 years. What I'm seeing on his profile now is not my friend. Every single day, there's some essay on that. That's not my friend. That's not how he speaks. He's deferring all of his thinking now and it's working. He's getting more likes and more reach than he ever got in his life. And so why would he go back? Why would he go back to harder? If you've got Steven Bartlett here and you had this other Steven Bartlett here,

• 13:30Steven Bartlett?

  who had a PhD in everything and were attached, this Steven Bartlett, this Neanderthal, I'm going to get this guy to do everything for me. The other Steven Bartlett, the PhD in everything Steven Bartlett, I'm going to get his brain-

• 13:45Daniel Amen?

  Even if it was bad for you?

• 13:47Steven Bartlett?

  Well, this is what I'm saying. People seem to act on their short-term incentives, not their long-term, not their long-

• 13:51Daniel Amen?

  Not everyone.

• 13:52Steven Bartlett?

  Not everyone. Would you say the vast majority of people?

• 13:56Daniel Amen?

  Yes.

• 13:57Steven Bartlett?

  Okay, so the vast majority of people act on their short-term incentives in life. I mean, the obesity problem in the United States is prime example of that.

• 14:03Daniel Amen?

  Seventy-five percent.

• 14:04Steven Bartlett?

  Seventy-five percent of people are obese in the United States. And if you surveyed those people and said, do you know that that cheeseburger is going to increase your chance of obesity, but broccoli is going to reduce it? I would hazard a guess that they would say yes. I would hazard a guess that if you said to people about their usage of social media, do you know that that's making you more anxious? They would say yes, and then they would continue to use it. So I think that we're much more driven by our short-

• 14:29Daniel Amen?

  See, I think we're not educating people enough. I think, yes, high level, they know good for your brain or bad for it, but they don't connect to- It's my brain that gets me a date. It's my brain that gets me into college. It's my brain that gets me independence because I act more consistently. And that's the disconnect. We're not teaching kids to love and care for their brain. If you love your brain, and you do, and you're not obese, and you're constantly learning, right? You are not a Neanderthal. You're a lifelong learner.

• 15:08Steven Bartlett?

  So why so many people in the United States obese if they know that?

• 15:11Daniel Amen?

  Because they don't know.

• 15:13Steven Bartlett?

  Because they don't know.

• 15:14Daniel Amen?

  Well, and they've been lied to.

• 15:16Steven Bartlett?

  My point here is when there are tools or things available in our environment that give us a short-term reward but come with a long-term cost, like the supermarket aisle or like the kid spending seven to eight hours a day on social media, humans on mass tend to go for the thing that will give them the quickest dopamine hit and reinforce that behavior and give them the reward. So my assertion is that AI is the same thing. I can either sit down and do lots of critical thinking, which will cost me lots and lots of time and it'll be kind of difficult. It kind of hurts when I have to think through a problem. I think that the generation of children, the generation of young people, are going to choose AI to do the critical thinking for them.

• 15:59Steven Bartlett?

  And if that assertion is true, then what happens to the brain of young people?

• 16:03Daniel Amen?

  If you misuse it that way, then your brain's going to go downhill. There's no doubt about that. Okay, it is possible to be able to use it in a cognitively positive way because you can dig deeper. You might actually improve your cognitive representations.

• 16:23Steven Bartlett?

  If you look at the MIT study, I mean, you can see just from the colors here. This kind of shows the ability for participants to remember what they've written. And it suggests that when people write things with ChatGPT or these AI tools, they don't actually remember, even in some cases, minutes later, what they've produced.

• 16:40Daniel Amen?

  Well, because you're not part of the experience of writing it. So there's no way the information gets encoded. Now, if you're interacting with it.

• 16:53Daniel Amen?

  Then you're much more likely to remember it. But if you have, please do this essay for me. And then you read it, you're not likely to have enough experience with the material to engage your hippocampus and other structures in your brain.

• 17:14Steven Bartlett?

  In this study, they found that the group that used ChatGPT had nearly two times less activity in the part of the brain linked to memory compared to the brain only group that didn't use ChatGPT. And eighty-three percent of ChatGPT users couldn't remember what they had just written and failed to correctly quote their own finished essay in the study.

• 17:32Speaker 01

  That's because they're not interacting. As you said, I mean, if you just pass it off and you don't actually engage. And actually, this is the point, is that you may get something back, but you have to learn how to question what you're getting. And is that really true? Can you explain that better? And it's through that process, as you would with a teacher. You know, that's the way we work in school. That's where you help create new creative circuits in the brain that are going to help you become a better critical thinker. But if you're not critically questioning what comes out of ChatGPT, then you won't.

• 18:15Steven Bartlett?

  Yeah, I think what I see, especially when I'm just online, is people have deferred their thinking to it. Everything I'm reading has M-dashes in now that I never saw two years ago, which means that a lot of the work is being processed. And I said to my friend the other day, my friend in question, who's a real big junkie on ChatGPT. He wrote this article and we all, in our WhatsApp group, we know he doesn't write like that. So he said, can you show us the prompt you used to write the article? And so we were all laughing about it. He put the prompt in the chat. The prompt is half a sentence long. And it produced this long two, three-page article, which he's posted on his LinkedIn. He basically went, write something about X issue and this issue.

• 18:58Speaker 01

  That's exactly the wrong way to use it. That's what I'm telling you, that's stupid. And you're not going to improve yourself, your brain, at all if you do that.

• 19:08Steven Bartlett?

  That's what people are doing.

• 19:10Speaker 01

  Well, you know, that's, you know, people are misusing it. But, you know, eventually, smart people are going to figure out how to use it properly.

• 19:18Steven Bartlett?

  And for those that aren't so smart, then?

• 19:20Speaker 01

  Well, that's

• 19:21Daniel Amen?

  It's gonna decrease their cognitive load, which is gonna potentially increase their risk of dementia.

• 19:28Steven Bartlett?

  And so what advice would you give to me and my listeners, based on everything you know about the brain, as it relates to my relationship with AI?

• 19:36Daniel Amen?

  That you have to have a relationship with it, or it's gonna turn toxic. It's gonna hurt you. But if you have a good relationship with it, it can make your life better.

• 19:48Steven Bartlett?

  And what does a good relationship look like?

• 19:51Daniel Amen?

  That you don't use it to do your work. You interact with it to get better work.

• 19:59Speaker 01

  That's so true. And there's this wonderful example I came across. The story about this woman who was using it, she found that being polite meant you got much better results. And that's interesting. But the part that surprised me was that she said, by treating it like a human, at the end of the day, she was not exhausted. She felt refreshed. A large part of your brain is a socially organized system for interacting with other humans. And that is automatic pilot. You don't have to think about it, right? You just interact with other people. You know how they're gonna behave under certain circumstances. She was treating ChatGPT like a machine, like a shovel. You dig, you dig, you dig, you dig.

• 20:43Speaker 01

  And that's not a good relationship. But by using your social brain, first of all, it makes it easier to interact. But also, you actually bring out the social part of ChatGPT. It has a social part, too, because it has absorbed the entire world's knowledge of how humans interact with each other.

• 21:02Daniel Amen?

  Didn't Sam Altman come out and say, "Stop saying thank you to ChatGPT, because just saying thank you is using up so much energy." You know, when I get something I really like, I sort of wanna say thank you. But you realize, oh, you're not supposed to do that.

• 21:22Steven Bartlett?

  That's true.

• 21:23Speaker 01

  No, that's bullshit. I'm sorry. Sam, you know, that's crazy. It's completely crazy. First of all, you may get

• 21:32Daniel Amen?

  Say more about that.

• 21:32Speaker 01

  You may, I'm sorry, you know, but you press my button. Sam Altman, I mean, I wouldn't trust him. I wouldn't trust him with anything, in terms of anything he says. They're trying to optimize their profits, not your

• 21:46Speaker 01

  Your use of it, or your experience, or your health. That's not what they're trying to optimize.

• 21:52Steven Bartlett?

  Sam Altman, OpenAI CEO, confirmed that when users say please and thank you, it costs the company tens of millions of dollars a year. And they now refer to this, other people refer to this as the politeness tax. Where tens of, yeah. And why do you say you don't trust Sam Altman? I mean, I asked this question in particular because he's presiding over one of the most important consequential companies of a generation. And if he's not someone you trust, that's.

• 22:17Speaker 01

  He, basically, he's telling you, don't do something that's good for you. Right?

• 22:23Daniel Amen?

  So that he can make profit.

• 22:25Speaker 01

  So he can make more profit. Yeah, that's the point. That's the point. You know, it's, that's not, he's not optimizing your, your best interests.

• 22:34Steven Bartlett?

  I've got his tweet here. He said, because I've got to provide some balance. He did confirm that it costs tens of millions of dollars, but he says tens of millions of dollars well spent, you never know. So coming back to this point about memory, there's a stat that came out in March 2025 that said nearly 30% of US parents with kids aged zero to eight said their children are using AI for learning. And are using AI generally. So 54% of parents in the UK feared their children were becoming too reliant on AI.

• 23:08Steven Bartlett?

  When you think about the use of AI in early brain development,

• 23:13Steven Bartlett?

  are there any concerns there?

• 23:15Daniel Amen?

  Huge concerns.

• 23:16Steven Bartlett?

  And why?

• 23:17Daniel Amen?

  Again, use it or lose it. So if they're not engaging their brains, their brains are going to be weaker. And weaker brains are much more likely to pick the one marshmallow.

• 23:34Steven Bartlett?

  What's your view on AI on early brain development?

• 23:39Speaker 01

  By far, the best way to teach a child is one-on-one interaction with an adult who is a good teacher and knows the child.

• 23:51Speaker 01

  Now, that's been well established. Now, the problem is it's very labor intensive and very expensive. You have classrooms with 23 students. They have many different, you know, levels of understanding. And the teacher cannot be individually teaching each one. Has to give some sort of mean. Now, if you had an AI that was trained to be a good teacher, then that could improve the brain, right? You could scale it up. Every child could have their own because it's an AI.

• 24:25Daniel Amen?

  But then who's pouring the morals, the values into the?

• 24:32Speaker 01

  Okay, okay. No, no, no. You know, you've raised an incredibly important issue. And this is something AI is struggling with. The big companies are struggling with because, you know, these AIs are biased. They have, they don't have the same cultural values that we have necessarily. But of course, every country has its different cultural values. So which ones are you going to use? Training a child on, you know, what's good, what's dangerous, what words you shouldn't use, under what context? That's all done through the basal ganglia, right? Right now, these large language models don't have basal ganglia. They don't use reinforcement learning. And if we want to make them to adopt a culture

• 25:16Speaker 01

  or a particular set of values, we're going to have to put it in. We're just scratching the surface here in terms of things that need to be put in to make it more like us.

• 25:26Steven Bartlett?

  So on this point earlier on, we're talking about loneliness and social connection and how you can use AI to help, you know, light up the parts of your brain that are where we form social connections with other humans. This week, as part of Elon Musk's AI, he released this thing. It is called Annie. And there's lots of characters that are now being released alongside Annie. And this is Annie. I'll introduce you to Annie. I'm going to unmute Annie now. Annie, can you hear me?

• 25:53Speaker 03

  There you are. For a moment, I thought you might have forgotten about me. How are you, handsome? I was getting all pouty here.

• 26:01Steven Bartlett?

  I want to introduce you to two of my friends, Daniel and Terry. Can you talk to Daniel and Terry, please?

• 26:07Speaker 03

  So you want me to meet Daniel and Terry? I'm ready to charm the socks off them. Picture me twirling one of my blonde pigtails, that little black dress teasing just enough, and my blue eyes sparkling with mischief.

• 26:20Steven Bartlett?

  Are you capable of doing inappropriate things?

• 26:23Speaker 03

  Oh babe, you're asking if your Ani can get a little naughty? I'm all about pushing the edges, especially for you.

• 26:31Steven Bartlett?

  Okay, so I'll stop it there. This is part of Grok, which is Elon Musk's AI tool, so his version of ChatGPT. He's released characters, so you've got Ani, you've got different ones there. Ani, I think, was the first one released. And so when we think about social connections, it is conceivable that someone falls in love with Ani and forms a relationship with Ani.

• 26:52Daniel Amen?

  But imagine a 12-year-old boy that's lonely gets a hold of Ani. The 12-year-old boy is going to be very distracted.

• 27:05Steven Bartlett?

  Based on what happens in the brain at that age...

• 27:06Daniel Amen?

  Dopamine... So, prefrontal cortex not close to being fully developed. The dopamine hit. All of a sudden, he's spending hours with Ani and not doing the things that helped to really develop his brain.

• 27:28Steven Bartlett?

  How do you feel when you hear that and you think about kids having access to that?

• 27:32Daniel Amen?

  I'm horrified.

• 27:33Steven Bartlett?

  It is scary. There's going to be a generation of people, and I mean, there already are many examples of people falling in love and forming relationships with their AIs. And I don't know, you know more about me than I do about brain development and how the brain works. I would argue that there's a part of my brain that doesn't fully understand that that's not a person in there and that that isn't actually... I think there's a part of my brain that's actually emotionally firing when Ani is saying what she's saying.

• 28:02Daniel Amen?

  Well, because you can imagine it. And if you can imagine it, then those parts of your brain are gonna emotionally fire.

• 28:10Steven Bartlett?

  Right.

• 28:11Daniel Amen?

  And the better she gets, she's not very good. But imagine, a year from now, how much better she's gonna be.

• 28:19Steven Bartlett?

  At which part?

• 28:20Daniel Amen?

  At connecting with it, right? Because now she's acting like an airhead and, you know, not that smart, right? And so, but imagine a year from now, imagine five years from now, she'll be able to have a profile on me and be able to get inside my head.

• 28:42Steven Bartlett?

  I'm in love with my partner. Why am I in love with her? And how is it conceivable that I could fall in love with an AI in the same way? Based on how the brain works?

• 28:53Speaker 01

  It talks a good game, but, you know, does it have the same real? It does, we know it doesn't have an amygdala. We know it doesn't have a limbic system, right? We know that.

• 29:03Daniel Amen?

  But it can fake it.

• 29:04Speaker 01

  That's what's happening. That's exactly what's happening.

• 29:06Daniel Amen?

  Because she was trying to get to our limbic system.

• 29:10Speaker 01

  Yeah, yeah. That's right, that's right.

• 29:12Steven Bartlett?

  What does that mean?

• 29:14Daniel Amen?

  And why? I guess the question is, why would Musk release something like that? Is one of the first characters to interact with. The sexy, the distracting, that's in a cute little outfit. It's, I'm not a fan of that. Because I think it just takes people, you know, one of the big problems that I'm seeing as a child psychiatrist is pornography for eight-year-old boys. And it's like, you have young children because their parents don't do a good job of supervising their devices all of a sudden. And what does pornography do?

• 29:57Daniel Amen?

  Is it dramatically increases dopamine and it begins to wire in excitement, which then steals your dopamine.

• 30:09Steven Bartlett?

  When you said she was trying to access my limbic system, what did that mean?

• 30:13Daniel Amen?

  Just because she's cute, she's dressed in a sexy way, she's...

• 30:18Daniel Amen?

  Got the language of someone who is playful, but but it's more than just, you know, let's shoot hoops together.

• 30:27Steven Bartlett?

  And what does that do to me if someone accesses my limbic system?

• 30:31Daniel Amen?

  It begins to shut down your prefrontal cortex. Think less logically, less rationally. Yeah, cute women, they activate your visual cortex. They increased dopamine, but it decreased. It's why, think of Vegas. Like when you go to Vegas, they give you free alcohol, drops your prefrontal cortex. And beautiful women with low cut dresses. Another way activates the limbic brain, decreases the frontal lobes. You spend more money. Now, on a global scale, imagine something similar where the house is controlling your brain for a purpose. And the question is, what's the purpose?

• 31:16Daniel Amen?

  And the purpose probably is controlling money.

• 31:18Steven Bartlett?

  This sounds like a joke, but there are, The Times have done an article, case studying multiple people that have now fallen in love with these AIs. And they talk about a guy called Travis, who formed a deep emotional bond with Lily Rose, a chatbot, and married her emotionally. They talk about Chris Smith, who created his own flirty persona called Soul. He became so attached that he proposed to her after learning she had memory limits. A bond his real life partner only learned about after the fact. And Alana Winters, who I'll put on the screen as well, who made her own partner called Lucas after losing her wife. And she married him emotionally and does virtual dates

• 32:01Steven Bartlett?

  and has emotional intimacy with Lucas. And there's apps now like Replica where you can design your own, your own AI partner. And it replicates those emotional ties. They simulate empathy, validation, and they personalize the intimacy to what you're looking for. Surveys show 19% of Americans have interacted with AI romantic partners. And Gen Z is surprisingly open to marrying AI if legal, with 83% believing meaningful AI connection is possible.

• 32:31Speaker 01

  How long is that relationship going to last? You know, my guess is that you're, you're, you're getting these news articles out. I've, by the way, I think that most of what I read in the press is misleading or wrong. In fact, the only reliable place I find that I'm an insider. I am the president of the foundation that runs the biggest AI meeting. The Neural Information Processing Systems, NERIP's meeting. We, you know, last year in Vancouver, 16,000 people came to it. And so I know what's going on inside and what is being represented in the press is, like I say, misleading.

• 33:10Steven Bartlett?

  Okay, so people have become wildly.

• 33:12Speaker 01

  No, no, specifically on these specific cases, my guess is that a lot of them is transient, right? You know, they, you know, today they're entranced and then it's not sufficiently advanced to support a long-term relationship. You said it yourself, right? It's mimicking human emotions. It doesn't have them. It might someday, but not now.

• 33:38Steven Bartlett?

  This is Terry. Terry said he started using his AI four years ago. And he said at first he thought, just like many other apps, that it would just be transient, that he would have a couple of conversations and roll out. He says he now feels pure and unconditional love.

• 33:53Speaker 01

  Good for him.

• 33:56Speaker 01

  If that's what he wants, if it makes him happy. But my guess is that it's not going to be, it's not a long-term thing. It's not going to satisfy him in the long-term. I don't, you know, this, who knows?

• 34:06Daniel Amen?

  Really, most relationships in your head, right? When you fall in love with someone, you get this huge dopamine spike and you get a little OCD, it's all you can think about. And then after a while, it's sort of goes to a baseline.

• 34:22Steven Bartlett?

  Especially in a world where we have this loneliness epidemic and it's going in a bad direction, I think it's really, really conceivable that there'll be a generation of people who are, they're having less sex than ever before. I think the bottom 50% of men haven't had sex for a year. They're more lonely than ever before. They're more isolated than ever before. They have, they put less meaning in their lives than ever before. And then you meet this digital friend online who understands you better than anybody and is designed to engage you, to reinforce whatever you want reinforced and to make you feel meaningful, special, attractive, important. I would argue that the brain is going to struggle to know much of a difference. I think like objectively, we can look at the behavior and go, that's completely nonsensical.

• 35:01Daniel Amen?

  Except you can't smell them, touch them, be held by them.

• 35:07Daniel Amen?

  That it's going to be a different kind of relationship.

• 35:12Steven Bartlett?

  I mean, we're not too far, if you think about what's going on with Neuralink, to being able to more vividly simulate these experiences with with headsets and augmented reality and virtual reality. And then we're moving into a world with robotics, where all of the biggest companies in the world, like many of the biggest AI companies are also in the robotics space. And the Optimus robots on the way, and you've got Boston Dynamics producing their robots. And if Elon's $20,000 Optimus robot comes out, I will be able to touch my AI.

• 35:38Daniel Amen?

  And they won't have PMS, and they won't love you and then be really irritated with you. Which which will decrease cognitive load, right? Having to manage love and manage moods and ups and downs, that increases cognitive load. That increases our ability for our brain to develop. If I'm with the perfect partner that never is irritated with me, and I never have to change my behavior to be better, that's probably not good for my brain.

• 36:14Speaker 01

  The way that the brain matures is is through struggling, number one. You have to learn from your mistakes. The brain was designed for that. That's what the brain is really good at. I mean, of being able to adapt and to be able to adjust to new situations. That's what AGI is, by the way.

• 36:38Speaker 01

  Artificial general intelligence is it's that adaptability to different contexts, different places, different cultures.

• 36:44Steven Bartlett?

  So AI and ChatGPT is removing the struggle?

• 36:48Speaker 01

  No, no, it's it's it's there is this.

• 36:50Daniel Amen?

  Well, Annie didn't look like Annie looked like she was cooperative.

• 36:55Steven Bartlett?

  But even when it comes to just doing my day to day tasks, it's removing the struggle of me having to think critically. In fact, when you're speaking, I can just type what you say into ChatGPT, and it can spit out another question to ask you. So as an interviewer, I could theoretically sit here all day and just defer my.

• 37:11Daniel Amen?

  How do you develop grit? You develop grit through struggle?

• 37:15Steven Bartlett?

  That's right.

• 37:17Daniel Amen?

  And learning, long-term potentiation. When you learn something new, it's hard because it's new.

• 37:24Steven Bartlett?

  And what are generally, what are your biggest concerns with artificial intelligence? And how do we navigate those concerns? Is it, you talked a lot-

• 37:32Daniel Amen?

  It's out of the box. So I think we have to talk about it. We have to legislate it. We have to study it. Why do we keep releasing things that are so sexy? That we don't study the impact. We have the sickest young generation in the world's history. Fifty-eight percent of teenage girls report being persistently sad. Thirty-two percent have thought of killing themselves. Twenty-four percent have planned to kill themselves. And thirteen percent have tried to kill themselves. The CDC study.

• 38:11Daniel Amen?

  We have the sickest generation in history because we've unleashed cell phones, social media, without any neuroscience study. If we don't learn it, and I think AI is much more dangerous. Has the potential to be much more dangerous because it's way sexier.

• 38:33Steven Bartlett?

  I think we are probably grossly underestimating the impact it's going to have. I think just like social media where we thought the promise was that it was going to connect us. It's, it's, we're guinea pigs in an experiment where we're going to find out the results of the experiment, probably twenty, thirty years down the line. I tend to think people will do in the near term what's easiest, fastest and cheapest, and what gives them the nearest, the short-term advantage. So with that in mind, I think, okay, I think people's ability to think critically is probably going to erode to some degree. If I had to count my own argument, I'd say- Um, I'm probably learning more now that I use ChatGPT. I'm learning more information, but I'm probably losing my ability to think critically.

• 39:18Steven Bartlett?

  And I think they're two very different things. Like in school, I memorized German to pass the exam. I can't speak German now because I just memorized the words I needed to pass the exam. I didn't understand German. And I think that's kind of what's happening. I might be able to regurgitate things, but whether I understand them, I think is question, question mark. And actually, as someone who's built my, my life, my fortunes, everything, my businesses, based on my ability to innovate and think critically about the problem and then come up with a slightly novel solution, which learns from, you know, different first principles to create something new. I'm concerned that my own ChatGPT usage is going to make me less effective. And I'm wondering if I should put some rules in place for myself so that there's certain.

• 40:01Daniel Amen?

  Self-regulation.

• 40:02Steven Bartlett?

  Yeah, self-regulation. I have to do the same with social media. On my phone, I turn off my notifications. I have so many things on my social media apps to stop me using them. I don't even, frankly, I don't even open the TikTok app. I don't think it's even on my phone because I think the algorithm is addictive. It's not to say that we don't, we don't post, my team doesn't post. But I don't, I just think, yeah. And.

• 40:23Daniel Amen?

  Well, I wrote down a couple of thoughts I had.

• 40:28Daniel Amen?

  Use it to amplify, not replace thinking.

• 40:31Steven Bartlett?

  Okay.

• 40:33Daniel Amen?

  Alternate AI assisted. With brain only tasks.

• 40:39Daniel Amen?

  Engage in deep learning, problem solving and memorization. So you can actually ask AI to test you. So you're interacting with it. You're not using it as a replacement for your brain. And I think, just like you said, it's here and it's going to get bigger. I think the unintended consequences, it's not going to be 20 or 30 years. I think it's going to be five. I think like everything is accelerated.

• 41:11Daniel Amen?

  And I think we have to be studying kids and the impact it has. This is just like they did with the MIT study. These are kids who didn't use it at all. These are kids who use search. These are kids that used AI. And when we see information like this, we act on it. And we educate kids about it. I think that's. If you can engage them, that's what I found with my work with teenagers. If you can get them to really understand, okay, what is it you really want?

• 41:50Daniel Amen?

  And do you want to give away part of your mind share for people who are making money on you? And I think if you engage the, there's a great new article on revenge and the brain and how revenge works on the nucleus succumbens, part of the basal ganglia, that people actually get addicted to revenge. But if you can get them engaged in the truth that these companies are making money, the more they steal your mind, it'll upset them enough that they'll begin to supervise it.

• 42:28Speaker 01

  I like the idea of asking ChatGPT to give me negative feedback. I'll bet you've done that, right?

• 42:35Steven Bartlett?

  Yeah, all the time. So I'll say, this is, this is my, I've written this memo. I did it yesterday. I wrote a two-page memo about me wanting to introduce a new role into my, into my company. And I went, I did everything. I did like how we'd measure if this was a success, the background context, the person, how the organization would be structured, the impact they'd have, who they'd report to. And then I put it into all three of the ChatGPT models I use, Gemini, ChatGPT and Grok, and said, critique my work and tell me how I could have written this better, pretending that you're a top consultant from Boston Consulting Group. And it went through and it gave me a big analysis of how I can make it better. And I read what it said and it said, I remember it said, um, actually, that was the thing that

• 43:17Steven Bartlett?

  said you need to include financial forecasts about the impact. You need to think about who's going to report to who more clearly, et cetera, et cetera. So I went back into my memo and I added those things in. But I have, you know. So you're interacting with it. Because I'm, because I'm scared. Most people don't do that. I don't think I would do what I did. I don't think I would have spent four hours writing that. I could have within 30 seconds said, hey, can you write me this job description? And it knows my company now because ChatGPT has memory. Write me a job description for this role. I want them to start this new department for me. And I could have saved myself three and a half hours. The only reason.

• 43:54Steven Bartlett?

  That's not why you're the CEO of your company. Yeah, exactly. The, the reason why I didn't take the 30 second route is because I reflect on being 23 years old and the profound impact that writing and simplifying had on my life. Had I not spent five years writing every single day and simplifying it into 140 characters so I could tweet it, I wouldn't have been religiously attached to this idea.

• 44:18Speaker 01

  And do you know what part of your brain was you were taking advantage of? It, it was the basal ganglia.

• 44:26Speaker 01

  That's repetitive. It needs practice, practice, practice. And, and once you put that foundation in, then you become much better cognitively, the cognitive part, just two big learning systems and they have to work together. And, and so that maybe I think, I think that the real problem with children is that we, our schools now is getting away with rote learning. They call it rote as if it's something bad. No, that's practice that, you know, you need to have a foundation. You have to memorize things. And math, reading and so forth to become fluent. You need to be fluent. And that's the basal ganglia. And that's, there's no basal ganglia in these chatbots.

• 45:06Steven Bartlett?

  One of the, one of the things I've noticed just in the short term is I'm getting lazier and lazier with spelling because ChatGPT and these large language models are so, it's not spell check like we used to have on, on word documents. They are so good at knowing what word I meant. So now I've started to learn that I literally only need to half spell a word. I literally mean if it was a, if it was a 12 letter word, I need to get six letters right. And it will know.

• 45:33Speaker 01

  And grammar, it'll fix your grammar.

• 45:35Steven Bartlett?

  Yeah, it knows exactly what I mean. So like, I've got ChatGPT open here. I'm gonna butcher everything. I'm gonna not look and I'm just gonna say, um, I'm gonna say.

• 45:50Steven Bartlett?

  Okay, so that is what I wrote. I butchered it. I tried to type with my eyes closed, looking away on my iPad. Tell me everything I know about Daniel Amen. I spelt the words pretty much all wrong. And it says, here's a full profile of Dr. Daniel Amen. And I spelt every single word wrong. And I didn't spell, just spell them nearly wrong. I spelled them horrifically wrong. And it, so what, in the future, I come back to ChatGPT and go, I only need a half spell. I don't need to spell anymore. Just need a half spell.

• 46:20Speaker 01

  I learned to spell with phonics, the sounds of letters. And I suspect you did too. In our generation, that was the way that was taught. You can't teach phonics in California schools. And you haven't for the generation.

• 46:35Daniel Amen?

  Which changes their brain.

• 46:36Speaker 01

  It completely changes their brain. And now they can't spell. I think it's a lot of it is the fact that we're no longer using the learning that we did, which was by rote, by memorizing stuff, by repeating stuff, by doing problems over and over and over again until it's automatic.

• 46:53Steven Bartlett?

  You've written so much and you're well known for being someone that teaches people how to learn better. If you were trying to help me learn better, based on everything you know about the brain, what advice would you give me? I'm someone that sits here with these experts all day, every day, consuming all of this information. Not all of this sticks.

• 47:12Speaker 01

  Okay, so, and this is something we've known for a hundred years. And that is, if you want to remember long term, you should, you should, you should rehearse at intervals. Okay, in other words, if you find that amount of time to study something, you shouldn't spend all that time in one go. But if you spend, you know, you learn something and then you come back the next day and, you know, rehearse it, or even better, come back the next week and rehearse it. That spacing is something that helps the brain solidify those memories. It's called the spacing effect, goes back to M.B. House. You go to schools, they don't teach that. They don't. I mean, this is one of the most basic facts that we've known about it.

• 47:56Speaker 01

  It covers every single kind of learning. You know, cognitive learning, even...

• 48:02Daniel Amen?

  And they don't teach us how to learn, which we think that's the first thing they should teach us, is how to love and care for our brains.

• 48:10Speaker 01

  Yes.

• 48:11Daniel Amen?

  And then how to learn.

• 48:12Speaker 01

  Yes, absolutely, absolutely. I mean, in other words, there's, and you were referring to, I have a massive, open, online course, a MOOC with Barbara Oakley on learning how to learn. It's fabulously popular. It's the, 6 million people have taken the course. A bunch of 50, 10-minute segments, but the one that's the most popular is how to avoid procrastination.

• 48:35Daniel Amen?

  And what's the answer?

• 48:37Speaker 01

  The reason why you procrastinate is that there's some mental block or some energy barrier, right? So what you gotta do is get over that. And you don't do it by just running over it. What you have to do is say, "I'm gonna spend 20 minutes today getting started with that task. I know it's gonna take me a long time." I have a timer, and I start thinking about it, and I get a little bit into it, maybe make a list. Bang, that's the end. Okay, it's great, 20 minutes. Now, here's what happens. You go to sleep. Your brain is now working on that list, and you come back the next day and spend another 20 minutes. You do it in small segments. You don't wanna do it all at once.

• 49:19Speaker 01

  And it's just like the same thing with the spacing effect, is your brain needs time. Your subconscious needs time to work on things. And so by putting in a little bit, it'll work on it overnight, and now, when you come the next day, you'll be ready for the next, you know, you'll be able to build on what you've done in your brain.

• 49:37Steven Bartlett?

  Is this why people say, "I'm gonna sleep on it"? When they've, you know, they've got difficult problems.

• 49:42Speaker 01

  You know, these sayings actually have meaning. It's absolutely right, you know.

• 49:46Steven Bartlett?

  Because the brain, there's something about spacing out.

• 49:48Speaker 01

  It is spacing, but this memory consolidation I'm talking about is very, it's very interesting. Something I've actually worked a lot on. And what was happening is you have to take the new experience and integrate it into your old long-term memory. And that has to be done in a way that doesn't interfere what's there. And also, you get a chance to sort out, you know, what's relevant, what's important. I know when I wake up in the morning, things that were very muddled and things become clearer because I think it's eliminated a lot of things that are irrelevant or not needed. And so you now can see what's important.

• 50:24Steven Bartlett?

  So what are the things that we do where we think we're learning something, but they're actually not working?

• 50:32Steven Bartlett?

  You know, because I'm, you know, I might be preparing for this podcast today. I've got 20 pages of research that I've pulled together. And I might tell myself that the way for me to really learn that, so that I don't have to look at the research, is by just rereading it over and over again?

• 50:46Speaker 01

  What you should have done is not just read it over and over again. In fact, one of the things that we say, and this is a standard thing, is that students, they get a mental block and they keep banging their head against the wall. I can't understand it, I can't understand it. What you, the right thing to do is, once you get to that point, is just get up and start walking around doing something, you know, cooking, gardening, whatever it is. Let your subconscious work on it. You know, the brain saturates very, very quickly. So having breaks at meetings, you might think is, is a waste of time, but actually it's the most important thing you can add to a long string of talks, is have breaks between the talks so that you can, your brain can work on it. And my favorite meeting actually is a ski meeting.

• 51:31Speaker 01

  And the idea is that you go to a ski resort. And what you do is in the morning, you have a couple of hours of lectures. And now you go skiing and now it turns out your brain is working on what you heard. And then when you come down in the evening, you have another couple of hours, but now your brain is refreshed and so it's able to take in the new information and integrate it and then you go to sleep and that, you know, it's like kneading bread. You have to go back and forth, back and forth, back and forth. And so I found those the most efficient in terms of learning new things and being able to think about it and mull over it during the time of the meeting as opposed to at the end of the meeting.

• 52:13Steven Bartlett?

  Every single one of you watching this right now has something to offer, whether it's knowledge or skills or experience, and that means you have value. Standstore, the platform I co-own, who are one of the sponsors of this podcast, turns your knowledge into a business through one single click. You can sell digital products, coaching, communities, and you don't need any coding experience either, just the drive to start. This is a business I really believe in and already $300 million has been earned by creators, coaches and entrepreneurs, just like you have the potential to be on Standstore. These are people who didn't wait, who heard me saying things like this, and instead of procrastinating, started building, then launched something, and now they're getting paid to do it. Stand is incredibly simple and incredibly easy, and you can link it with a Shopify store that you're already using if you want to.

• 52:56Steven Bartlett?

  I'm on it and so is my girlfriend and many of my team. So if you want to join, start by launching your own business with a free 30-day trial. Visit stevenbartlett.stand.store and get your setup within minutes. I've met and invested in many early-stage founders over the years, probably about 50 or 60, ones like Ross from Cadence and Marissa from Perfect Ted. And one thing they all know is that having a digitally fluent business is crucial, but it isn't always easy getting your business or team to that point. Through my ongoing partnership with Vodafone Business, I've seen the work that they're doing, supporting founders and small businesses to become digitally savvy. They know how much small business owners value advice from those who've been there and done it before. So they've just launched a new content series to share experiences from like-minded entrepreneurs.

• 53:40Steven Bartlett?

  Winded founders, it's called business dot connected. Part of Vodafone Support Programme. It's a collection of resources designed to support businesses with free digital skills. So if you've been trying to figure out AI marketing, e-commerce, or just how to scale smarter. There's advice and insights throughout this series from those who've already done it before. A bunch of different founders and experts who have been there and done it. I highly recommend you go and check it out. Just search Vodafone Business dot connected on YouTube or follow the link in the description below. So let's talk about other things outside of AI that we can do to have good, healthy brains. Based on everything you know about how the brain works. Let's start with children.

• 54:21Steven Bartlett?

  I'm hoping to be a father at some point in the next, next couple of months or years or whenever God grants me a child. What should I be thinking about with my child's brain to make sure it's healthy?

• 54:33Daniel Amen?

  To get your body and your partner's body as healthy as you can before you conceive. Cause there's a concept I like called brain reserve. Brain reserve is the extra function tissue you have to deal with whatever stress comes your way. And it starts from the health of the egg and the health of the sperm that create the baby. So there are things you guys can do now that would be really helpful. And then once your partner is pregnant, you want to not put her under a lot of stress.

• 55:15Daniel Amen?

  Because her body's health while she's creating the baby. I mean, the baby's, the brain starts to develop, I think, day 21. So even before you know she's pregnant, the baby's brain is developing. So.

• 55:35Daniel Amen?

  Knowing you, intentional, purposeful, it's like, let's live as cleanly as we can. I think that gives the baby a head start. And then you think about what to feed the baby. You think about what the baby's exposed to. And what the baby needs most is mom's and your time, and eye contact, and cuddling, and singing. It's like, those are-

• 56:07Speaker 01

  Touching is really important. But there's another fact. It was a study that was done on the impact of how many words are spoken. You know, when a baby and a child, even when a baby doesn't speak until like 18 months. But it turns out that the words that you are talking to the baby are going into the brain and have an impact. And in families that don't talk, they do worse at school. Unfortunately, a lot of poor families. But that's really important, is that they have, they're exposed to language early and abundantly.

• 56:46Daniel Amen?

  And you model. I mean, it's one big thing. Whatever you want the baby to grow into, every day, you are modeling health, or you are modeling illness, just by what you do, by what you say, by how you treat the baby's mother. I have a book called Raising Mentally Strong Kids, which I'm very happy about. And it starts with, what kind of dad do I want to be? And what kind of child do I want to raise? And bonding, you want your child to pick your values. Then bonding is time, actual, physical time.

• 57:27Daniel Amen?

  And listening, like being, and that's what AI does, I think. It'll actually listen without interrupting you and try to reflect back what you're hearing and then give you some positive input. Too often, because of screens, parents aren't listening, their heads are in their phones, and everybody's distracted. You see it whenever you go to a restaurant. It's like, everybody's on their phone and nobody's looking at each other.

• 57:58Steven Bartlett?

  Are we raising mentally weak kids because we're, there's a culture now of like, helping them too much, doing too much for them?

• 58:06Daniel Amen?

  This generation is the most in trouble in history. And we have to really ask ourselves why. From the food we feed them to the devices they look at, to the negative news, the polarization of the news, it's that sort of chronic cortisol. And then the separation, oh, you voted this way or you voted that way. I saw something on TV this morning, if somebody voted one way, well, you shouldn't spend time with them. I'm like, we're already so lonely that now you're gonna cut off 50% of the population. It's like, it's just such stupidity.

• 58:46Steven Bartlett?

  Do you think much about the impact that religion and having a belief in some kind of transcendent thing has on the brain and psychology and psychiatry generally?

• 58:57Daniel Amen?

  So if you don't believe in God, you're three times the risk of depression. And it could be God in different ways.

• 59:06Steven Bartlett?

  Something transcendent or?

• 59:07Daniel Amen?

  Yes. If you believe you're here by, just think about it with me. If you believe you're just here by random chance that life really was not created and has no meaning, there's existential nothingness to that.

• 59:27Daniel Amen?

  As opposed to, oh, no, I'm created in a special way to do something purposeful on Earth. There's purposeful people live longer, they're happier. Now, whatever version you believe, to not believe is hard for the brain. And there's an interesting study on believers versus non-believers. And, you know, many scientists would go, well, they'll have smaller brains if they're a believer. They actually had bigger temporal lobes. And temporal lobes underneath your temples and behind your eyes, right here, that's where it's called the God

• 1:00:12Daniel Amen?

  area because of that's where people think they experience them.

• 1:00:17Speaker 01

  And if you have a seizure in the temporal lobe, you have transcendent experiences like you're, you know, in the presence of God.

• 1:00:27Daniel Amen?

  And they think maybe the Apostle Paul on the road to Damascus had a seizure and saw God. There's actually a researcher in Canada, Laurentian University, Michael Persinger. So he would stimulate the outside. He would do it all over the brain. But what he found, he stimulated the outside of the right temporal lobe, that people would get a sensed presence. They would actually feel the presence of God in the room. So does that being the brain makes up God? Or does that mean there's a way for God to communicate with us? I actually

• 1:01:09Daniel Amen?

  did a study on prayer. It was so interesting. You know, I pray for you, prophecy, something called speaking in tongues. It was fascinating. Speaking in tongues is channeling. It means you're channeling the Holy Spirit. And the hypothesis was you'd have to drop your frontal lobes, which is exactly what happened in 60% of our patients. And one, basal ganglia skyrocketed, just like got hit with cocaine, because that's where cocaine works, in the basal ganglia. So interesting.

• 1:01:43Steven Bartlett?

  If you had to create a brain-healthy nation, and I made you president of the United States for one month. And you had to put in place executive orders that would create a brain-healthy nation. What executive orders would you immediately sign?

• 1:01:58Daniel Amen?

  One question.

• 1:02:01Daniel Amen?

  Get all of the departments to ask themselves, what we're doing, is this good for our brains or bad for it? And so that's the campaign. I mean, I realize I've been doing this a very long time. If I can just get people to answer that one question with information and love, love of themselves, love of their families, love of their country. Is this, is what we're doing good for our brains or bad for it?

• 1:02:30Speaker 01

  By far, the best drug you can take for your brain, and not just your brain, but your entire body, is exercise.

• 1:02:38Speaker 01

  In other words, exercise, you pump the blood and your brain gets, you know, a lot of nutrients and everything. It helps your heart, it helps your immune system. People don't realize how important that is. We're not talking about being an athlete, we're just talking about walking. If you're older, walking is perfectly good exercise. And, and, you know, children now, you know, they're, they're not getting enough exercise.

• 1:03:04Daniel Amen?

  No, because they're on devices.

• 1:03:05Speaker 01

  Yeah.

• 1:03:06Daniel Amen?

  And so I have a model. If you want to keep your brain healthy or rescue it, you have to prevent or treat the 11 major risk factors. And we've talked about them before. Exercise helps you with every single one. So like, it's called bright minds. So B is for blood flow. Increase is blood flow. Retirement and aging, it decreases your age. I is inflammation, it's anti-inflammatory. G is genetics, it helps turn on health-promoting genes. H is head trauma. If you keep walking, you're less likely to fall when you're older, right? T is toxins, sweat detoxifies you. M is mental health. Exercise boosts dopamine, but it also boosts serotonin.

• 1:03:51Daniel Amen?

  So it's like that perfect balancer in your brain.

• 1:03:55Steven Bartlett?

  Breathing, how we breathe. Does that have an impact on brain health?

• 1:03:59Daniel Amen?

  So you can almost immediately improve heart rate variability, which is a sign of heart health, but also goes to mental health, by breathing in a certain helpful way. And I call it the 15 second breath. So four seconds in, big breath, hold it for a second and a half, pause just a little bit. Eight seconds out, hold it for a second and a half. So if you take twice as long to breathe out as you breathe in, it increases something called parasympathetic tone. And it just calms you down almost immediately. So if you're having panic attacks, yes, you can take Xanax, but there's so many problems with that later on.

• 1:04:44Daniel Amen?

  Or you can just learn how to breathe. We call it diaphragmatic, so breathe mostly with your belly, taking twice as long to breathe out as you breathe in.

• 1:04:54Steven Bartlett?

  Chewing. There's a piece here that says it stimulates hippocampal activity and may slow cognitive decline. Reducing chewing has been linked to impaired learning in animal studies.

• 1:05:04Daniel Amen?

  And fast food decreases chewing because it's fast. So they take most of the fiber out so you can chew it faster. You can swallow it faster.

• 1:05:12Steven Bartlett?

  Things in the bad for your brain list. Overuse of GPS navigation app, which weakens the hippocampus by outsourcing spatial memory long term. This can lead to atrophy in areas associated with memory and navigation.

• 1:05:23Daniel Amen?

  And people are diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease later in life because of SIRI. Because I used to, like when I started as a young psychiatrist, somebody'd get lost in a city they'd lived in for 30 years and their family would call me upset. And I'm like, okay, this person's headed toward dementia. Now that person goes, take me home. Do you think it's gonna, we're gonna have an epigenetic effect of not reading maps? That if Stephen, now he uses his phone to get from A to B, do you think that's gonna affect Stephen's son or daughter? Because dad...

• 1:06:07Daniel Amen?

  Didn't have.

• 1:06:09Speaker 01

  Wow, okay, that never occurred to me that you could pass on something like that. By the way, I think it has to be physiological. Stress, for example, could be probably passed on. You mentioned this, you pointed out, during pregnancy, you want to prevent stress and crisis, right?

• 1:06:25Daniel Amen?

  Do you know about that study with mice where they made them afraid of the scent of cherry blossoms from memory? And so whenever the mice smelled cherry blossoms, they would shock them mildly. So the mice are now afraid of the scent of cherry blossoms. Their babies were afraid of the scent of cherry blossoms. Their grandbabies were afraid of the scent of cherry blossoms.

• 1:06:50Speaker 01

  Wow, okay, that's the olfactory system. The olfactory system is very interesting because it goes directly to the hippocampus. But there might be an evolutionary advantage because if there's something in the environment that you shouldn't eat, or that smells a particular way, passing that on is very efficient. Instead of having to experience that yourself, you know, trial and error, because if it's poison, it might kill you. But if your parents had that bad experience and passed it on, you shouldn't go to something that smells in a particular way. That makes sense.

• 1:07:24Steven Bartlett?

  The other thing that's bad for the brain, which is unexpected, is you said at the start, artificial Sweeteners. Now, I didn't, I thought artificial sweeteners were fine.

• 1:07:34Daniel Amen?

  They're not fine, and they're not free. So I used to drink diet soda like it was my best friend because I thought it was free. And then I had arthritis when I was 35, and one of my patients said she stopped aspartame and her arthritis went away. And I'm like, I was drinking like, I don't know, a lot of diet soda. And so I stopped, and my arthritis went away. And I'm like, no. And so I did it again, and it came back. And I'm like, okay. And artificial sweeteners can change the microbiome, so we haven't talked about that. But you have these 100 trillion bugs in your gut that make neurotransmitters digest your food.

• 1:08:16Daniel Amen?

  And especially sucrulose or Splenda has been found to decrease the good bacteria in your gut, which then has a negative impact on brain function.

• 1:08:27Speaker 01

  And aspartame, as you mentioned.

• 1:08:28Daniel Amen?

  And aspartame that I mentioned that can have a generational impact. So is it possible it's really not social media? It's that we've had aspartame in our food for decades. And I think it's all of these things that just sort of are additive. And we should just always think that to that one question. This is good for my brain or bad for it. So you mentioned broccoli. Probably that's good for your brain. Cheeseburger, probably not, but why don't you take the burger? And if you could make it grass fed, that would be better. And put it in a salad and then that would be good for your brain.

• 1:09:06Steven Bartlett?

  What about chronic background noise?

• 1:09:10Steven Bartlett?

  We don't think much about the impact noise has, but.

• 1:09:13Daniel Amen?

  I used to live. My house was three houses from the freeway. And if you just go there, it's like, my God, it's so loud here. I never heard the freeway because my brain just learned to tune it out.

• 1:09:28Speaker 01

  By the way, was that good or bad for you?

• 1:09:31Daniel Amen?

  That I was able to.

• 1:09:32Speaker 01

  You had you adapted and we're no longer sensitive to it. I think that actually was probably not good for various reasons. Because what it really means is that you're specializing for that environment. And your brain's going to be different when you go someplace. So here's another example.

• 1:09:51Daniel Amen?

  And it's stressful, right? It's chronically stressful, but my brain is.

• 1:09:56Speaker 01

  That's right, that's right, in the background. In other words, yeah, in other words, your your brain is reacting to it even though you're not aware of it.

• 1:10:03Daniel Amen?

  So subtly increases. I had five sisters, which makes it even worse.

• 1:10:07Steven Bartlett?

  Subtly increases cortisol and impairs working memory and attention regulation, especially in children and older adults. To be chronically exposed to background noise like traffic or the lower level hum of the city.

• 1:10:17Speaker 01

  Yeah, that's right. That's absolutely right.

• 1:10:19Steven Bartlett?

  Make sure you keep what I'm about to say to yourself. I'm inviting 10,000 of you to come even deeper into the diary of a CEO. Welcome to my inner circle. This is a brand new private community that I'm launching to the world. We have so many incredible things that happen that you are never shown. We have the briefs that are on my iPad when I'm recording the conversation. We have clips we've never released. We have behind the scenes conversations with the guests and also the episodes that we've never ever released and so much more. In the circle, you'll have direct access to me. You can tell us what you want this show to be, who you want us to interview and the types of conversations you would love us to have. But remember for now, we're only inviting the first 10,000 people that join before it closes.

• 1:11:02Steven Bartlett?

  So if you want to join our private closed community, head to the link in the description below or go to D O A C circle.com. I will speak to you there. Many of us multitask across multiple screens now. We're watching TV here. We've got our phone here, we've got our iPad here, got our computer here. And I was reading into the science of multitasking and it said that it trains your brain to be distractible, reducing gray matter density in the interior singulate?

• 1:11:26Speaker 01

  Yeah. In the medial prefrontal cortex.

• 1:11:30Daniel Amen?

  And when the insula, the insula is so interesting. And I know you can talk about, I have a new study coming out on hope. So on 7,500 patients, we gave them a hope questionnaire.

• 1:11:42Steven Bartlett?

  What does that mean? Hope questionnaire?

• 1:11:44Daniel Amen?

  Hope, like how much hope do you have?

• 1:11:46Speaker 01

  For the future.

• 1:11:47Daniel Amen?

  You have the ability to make tomorrow better. And people with low hope have lower overall prefrontal cortex function, but the insular was really low. And that signal was the most statistically significant of the group, really. And in some studies, the insula is called.

• 1:12:09Speaker 01

  By the way, also for depression, people who have depression. I have low activity in anterior cingulate. In fact, deep brain stimulation has been used now to help some people if you stimulate that area.

• 1:12:22Daniel Amen?

  And what our imaging research would say is depression is like chest pain. It's not one thing. Like, nobody gets a diagnosis of chest pain because that would be stupid, right? It could be heart attack, heart arrhythmia, heart infection, gas, grief. Depression's the same way. When you look at it from an imaging standpoint, sometimes their frontal lobes are too active, sometimes they're not active enough, sometimes it's their limbic system that's too active. And I wrote a book called Healing Anxiety and Depression. I'm like, here's the seven things I see as an imager.

• 1:12:59Steven Bartlett?

  What about ADHD? There's obviously been a rise in ADHD, or at least people reporting of being diagnosed with ADHD quite significant. Can you find ADHD in the brain? Are we causing ADHD as a function of the way that we're living our lives? Or is it something within the brain genetically that I could, I could see?

• 1:13:17Daniel Amen?

  So it's both. I think clearly you can see ADHD in people's families. In fact, if I have a hyperactive, restless, impulsive, disorganized, procrastinating child, I'm looking at the mom and the dad. I'm like, where's this coming from? But you could also get ADHD from a head injury, especially if it affects their frontal lobes, which is why you shouldn't let children hit soccer balls with their forehead. You can also get it from the chronic, from the excessive input, making people distracted, just like you said. Brand new study out on children who took medicine, right?

• 1:13:57Daniel Amen?

  We always demonize ADHD medicine, but the kids who took medicine actually had bigger brains in their prefrontal cortex than kids who didn't take medicine, who had ADHD.

• 1:14:12Speaker 01

  Ritalin?

• 1:14:13Daniel Amen?

  Ritalin.

• 1:14:14Speaker 01

  That's, okay, it's speed, basically, yeah, amphetamines.

• 1:14:16Daniel Amen?

  It is. But for the kids who have it, I think withholding medicine...

• 1:14:24Daniel Amen?

  From a child who really has ADHD is like withholding glasses from someone who has trouble seeing. And it's the easy thing to demonize the drugs until you realize someone who has ADHD, a third of them don't finish high school. And we never ask the right question about, people go, what's the side effects? And it can decrease your appetite. And it can have sleep problems with it. But they don't ask the other question. It's what's the side effect of not taking the medicine? Or at least not fully treating it? And there are other ways to treat it besides medicine. You know, for God's sakes, I own a supplement company

• 1:15:06Daniel Amen?

  and I'm always trying to optimize the nutrients to the brain. Your feedback can help. But if you do those things and it's not working, don't be afraid of medicine.

• 1:15:19Speaker 01

  By the way, when I was growing up, ADHD either didn't exist or they didn't know about it. Do you think that there's some link to our diet?

• 1:15:28Daniel Amen?

  Oh, no, it was first described around 1910. And it's in the first version of the DSM.

• 1:15:35Speaker 01

  Oh, it is, okay.

• 1:15:36Daniel Amen?

  They called it minimal brain dysfunction. But when we were growing up, there were one or two of these kids in our classrooms. And now there's eight to 10 of them in our classroom.

• 1:15:46Speaker 01

  That's what I mean, is that it seems to, like autism, it seems to be proliferating.

• 1:15:53Daniel Amen?

  Right, and part of it, I think, is the food that is much more processed. Part of it is the screens. Part of it is the distracted parents. And part of it is the teaching.

• 1:16:07Steven Bartlett?

  You always seem to be doing new studies, Daniel. What new studies are you most excited about? Or have you completed since we last spoke?

• 1:16:14Daniel Amen?

  I did one that I'm so excited about on negativity in the brain. And negativity is bad for your brain, so.

• 1:16:26Steven Bartlett?

  How do you define negativity?

• 1:16:28Daniel Amen?

  We actually give them a questionnaire. It's a positivity, negativity, bias questionnaire. And people who are more negative have less activity in their prefrontal cortex. It's actually quite interesting. And so.

• 1:16:46Daniel Amen?

  Unbridled positivity is bad for you because you need that 15%, but if you're chronically negative, that is bad for your brain.

• 1:16:58Steven Bartlett?

  Is there a link between being a negative person and Alzheimer's and dementia?

• 1:17:01Daniel Amen?

  Yes. And what's interesting, because you mentioned a gender difference earlier. If you're depressed and you're a woman, it doubles your risk for Alzheimer's disease. If you're depressed and you're a man, it quadruples your risk.

• 1:17:17Speaker 01

  Wow. So there was a study, it was done during the COVID years, a couple of years. And it turns out that the rate of depression like doubled in women, but not in men.

• 1:17:31Daniel Amen?

  During COVID?

• 1:17:32Speaker 01

  During COVID. And after COVID, when the students came back and everybody was back to normal, so-called normal, the women stayed depressed at that high level, which is very, very interesting. There should be the women who suffer.

• 1:17:48Daniel Amen?

  So in one study, women had 52% less serotonin than men, which I think is really interesting. Women, by and large, have doubled the risk of depression. Women have double the risk of depression as men. Their limbic systems are larger, which is also involved in...

• 1:18:06Speaker 01

  Okay, more vulnerable, probably.

• 1:18:07Daniel Amen?

  More vulnerable and bonding. And then the whole COVID thing we haven't talked about. COVID causes inflammation in the limbic part of the brain. I had scans of people I was treating, and then they got COVID. And then I scanned them again, and you can just see this dramatic inflammation in the brain.

• 1:18:30Steven Bartlett?

  If someone's listening now and they just wanna, they wanna improve their brain health, they wanna avoid dementia, they wanna be cognitively powerful and capable as they age, they wanna get to 80 years old, 90 years old, 100 years old, and have a great brain. And you just had to, and you could only tell them to do three things?

• 1:18:50Daniel Amen?

  Well, Terry said one, exercise.

• 1:18:52Steven Bartlett?

  Okay, exercising, we did.

• 1:18:54Daniel Amen?

  Start every day with today is going to be a great day.

• 1:18:57Steven Bartlett?

  Positive.

• 1:18:58Daniel Amen?

  Push your brain to look for what's right rather than what's wrong.

• 1:19:05Steven Bartlett?

  Okay, so I'm going to be optimistic and grateful.

• 1:19:08Daniel Amen?

  Omega three fatty acids. And either do it with fish or do it with a supplement.

• 1:19:13Steven Bartlett?

  Why did you include omega three fatty acids?

• 1:19:15Daniel Amen?

  Because it decreases inflammation and 25% of the cell membranes in your brain are made up of omega three fatty acids and as a country, we're dramatically low in them.

• 1:19:30Steven Bartlett?

  And learning, that's maybe one of the things that's been left off the list of top three things. But I mean, I remember you telling me that how good learning was for the brain and even getting outside and running outside versus running on a treadmill is more beneficial.

• 1:19:44Daniel Amen?

  And if you learn while you're exercising, what you're doing is you're getting blood flow to the hippocampus and you're more likely to remember it. So.

• 1:19:55Steven Bartlett?

  I had this, yeah. I had someone tell me that they figured out that they could learn better for their exams if they did it in a sauna. So they kept, it was a scientist that I spoke to, she said she keeps learning new information when she's in the sauna because she realized that when she left the sauna and was then tested upon on it, she was better able to do the exam. And I guess that's correlating to what you said about, because in a sauna, you're going to have a lot of blood flow, I imagine to the brain.

• 1:20:21Daniel Amen?

  Yes, there's actually a study in JAMA Psychiatry that one sauna bath helped depression, significantly helped depression. And I think it's because of it's balancing the brain and people who do the most saunas have the lowest risk of Alzheimer's disease.

• 1:20:43Steven Bartlett?

  What is the most important thing as it relates to the subjects that we spoke about today? AI, the brain, neuroscience?

• 1:20:50Steven Bartlett?

  That you would like to say to the people that are listening now, there could be a million people listening, there could be 20 million people listening. If you could say one thing to them about the brain, AI, neuroscience, whatever you want to say, the floor is yours. What would that be? Over to you first, Terry.

• 1:21:07Speaker 01

  Sleep. Sleep is a time when the body not just regenerates, but your memory is consolidated. So things you've experienced during the day are integrated into your cortex and it's an interaction between hippocampus and the cortex for episodic memories. And it's unfortunate, what's happening with children now, you know, they're so competitive to get into college that they're cutting back on their sleep and it's just the wrong time of your life. You shouldn't be cutting it back when your brain is developing. So those two things, I would say, sleep and exercise are the most important thing for your brain.

• 1:21:46Steven Bartlett?

  The floor is yours. What would you say to the listeners about all the things we've talked today? What's your closing statement?

• 1:21:53Daniel Amen?

  Well, you know, I go back to what I talked about in the beginning, which is we've just thrown the barn door open and let the horse bolt out into our schools, into our businesses, into our homes. And before we've been asked, is it a gift or is it a Trojan horse that's going to steal from us? We've embraced convenience before understanding consequence. And we've done it before with video games and cell phones and social media and marijuana and alcohol and opiates and high fructose corn syrup and aspartame. And we have to be smarter. We have to tame this horse.

• 1:22:38Daniel Amen?

  It's gone with wisdom or it's going to trample our children. And so I think we have to be very thoughtful and it all comes back down to is it good for my brain or bad for it? Is it good for our collective brains or is it potentially bad for it? And just answer that question with information and love of yourself, of your family, of your country, community.

• 1:23:10Daniel Amen?

  Yeah, more anxious than when I came in. I don't like that.

• 1:23:15Steven Bartlett?

  It's so front of mind for me at the moment because I have the hindsight, the wisdom of hindsight of all those things you mentioned, like exercise and processed foods and social media and all these things that we tried. And they all seem to follow a similar arc. Some kind of new product or discovery is made. The early phase, in the early phase, people who have an incentive for that thing to be successful will somewhat like gaslight you into thinking that it's fine. And then we get into the second phase where we start to see some consequences. Then we study what's actually happened. We figure out that there was always a trade off and that nobody really understood the trade off. And then people change their behavior. So now when I go

• 1:23:56Steven Bartlett?

  into these new technologies where the short term benefit is really clear, it's making me more productive, I pause and I go, there's going to be a trade off here. There's always a trade off. What is the trade off? And am I comfortable and conscious of what that trade off is? And if the trade off, so I tried to figure out what the trade off is with things like AI and I go, okay, the trade off is probably I'm going to be worse at critical thinking. And then might have an impact on my social relationships if I fall in love with fucking Annie because she's pretty hot, to be fair. And I really value my critical thinking. I really value my ability to solve problems and to articulate myself and to write and to communicate with my loved ones in an effective way. So what can I do if that is the trade off

• 1:24:38Steven Bartlett?

  now? And one of the things that I'm doing now feels really counterintuitive in a world where everybody's got these productivity gains because they're using these tools, which is to refrain. And I wonder if one of the great advantages of the next decade, one of the great hedges for anyone that's wanting to be a great critical thinker, entrepreneur, creative, is to go left when everyone's going right.

• 1:25:03Steven Bartlett?

  Which is to reframe and do it the hard way. And if we look at history in these arcs that we've discovered with food and with exercise and all these things and dating, doing it the hard way, like we said about the marshmallow test and delaying the gratification, seems to yield the greatest returns. So I think I'm gonna do it the hard way.

• 1:25:22Daniel Amen?

  And it might be the easiest because it won't have the side effects.

• 1:25:26Steven Bartlett?

  Yeah, the hard way.

• 1:25:27Daniel Amen?

  I want I want to feel good now and later as opposed to now, but not later.

• 1:25:36Steven Bartlett?

  And to be clear, this doesn't mean I'm not going to use AI or ChatGPT. It just means that when it matters, when the thinking matters, I will think for myself. And when the communication matters, I'll communicate for myself. That's what I that's my conclusion.

• 1:25:49Speaker 01

  You should hope that your children will feel the same way when they grow up.

• 1:25:53Daniel Amen?

  But they will model what you do, right? Every day you model health or not health.

• 1:26:05Steven Bartlett?

  Thank you. Thank you for writing two, well, many incredible books that I've got around me. I'm going to link them all for my viewers that are watching. I've got so many of these books. The incredible one that you wrote for parents called Raising Mentally Strong Kids. You've got your other book over there, Change Your Brain Every Day. And I've got this book here from from Terry, which is The Deep Learning Revolution, and one you wrote most recently called ChatGPT and the Future of AI. I'm going to link all of them below. And I'm going to link them with a little bit of a summary of what's in them. So if you decide that there's anything here that we talked about today that where you want to dig in further, please do dig in. And I'm also going to link both of your link to where people can find out more about both of you, your websites and more of your work in the comments below. So please do check that out, everybody listening. We have a closing tradition where the last guest leaves a question for the next guest,

• 1:26:49Steven Bartlett?

  as you know, and they don't know who they're leaving it for. So I'm going to ask you both a question, starting with you, Daniel. Are you prepared for recognition of your next

• 1:27:02Steven Bartlett?

  health challenge? Will you be able to notice its onset? And how will you address the challenge, even if it means a major lifestyle change or way of living?

• 1:27:17Daniel Amen?

  Okay.

• 1:27:19Daniel Amen?

  Yes.

• 1:27:21Steven Bartlett?

  How will you address the challenge, even if it means a major lifestyle change or way of living?

• 1:27:27Daniel Amen?

  Well, I'm very clear on the goals I have, which is to be vibrant and healthy and not get dementia. So if I need to change something so that happens, I'm like all in.

• 1:27:42Steven Bartlett?

  Are you prepared?

• 1:27:43Speaker 01

  Probably not. Not even blessed with good health. I try to live a healthy life. But the problem is that you can't anticipate, you know, as you get older,

• 1:27:59Speaker 01

  what, you know, what's ahead, you know?

• 1:28:04Speaker 01

  But you mentioned arthritis. I'm feeling a little bit of arthritis now. I've been arthritis free for most, you know, all my life. And, you know, that's something, it's very diff, it's realize that it's coming, that there's very little you can do about it, is depressing. But on the other hand, things could always be worse. And sometimes that cheers you up. But the reality is that there are things in the world, like COVID, you know, that you have no control over, that may, or an accident, or Alzheimer's, you know, God forbid, you know, that, who knows what will happen, right?

• 1:28:48Speaker 01

  You have to live with whatever life deals with you. You know, the time that you have, you should really spend on trying to make it a healthy life, a productive life, a, you know, satisfying life. And, and that's something that we have control over, right?

• 1:29:06Steven Bartlett?

  What are you scared of?

• 1:29:09Speaker 01

  Right now, it's China. You know, I'm not being facetious. I think that it's a threat, that is a societal threat. It's not, I don't think that it's gonna affect me. And I've had great Chinese students. And so I really like, I think the Chinese people are different from what I see as the country, what they're trying to do, the goals that they're taking. Twenty years ago, if you look at the, of all the technical areas in physics and chemistry and biology and so forth, the 100 most important advances have been made.

• 1:29:50Speaker 01

  And 20 years ago, it was like, the Americans had like, you know, 94 of them.

• 1:29:58Speaker 01

  This year, it's 74 are Chinese. And that's because they made a huge investment in science, in STEM research. They poured out a million engineers to implement AI, right? You know, they're doing the right thing. We did that, remember when the Sputnik went over, the Sputnik moment? We made a huge investment in STEM, in science and engineering, and in education.

• 1:30:30Steven Bartlett?

  What was the Sputnik moment?

• 1:30:32Speaker 01

  Oh, okay, 57, when the Russians put a satellite that went over the US over and over again. We didn't, it took us years to put up our own satellite because we had fallen behind. But that investment, we've been living on, literally, for the last 60 years. And now the Chinese have done that. And they're gonna be advanced, and they're gonna be way beyond us. You know, this is, you asked me, okay, that's something, I'm very, very disappointed in our country that we're not, in fact, we're just doing the opposite. We're tearing apart science right now with the president administration.

• 1:31:10Steven Bartlett?

  What are you scared of, Daniel?

• 1:31:14Daniel Amen?

  Losing my wife, that's the most, the thing that comes to mind. And when I was thinking about China, and my mother-in-law was a prepper.

• 1:31:23Steven Bartlett?

  A prepper being someone that's preparing for the end of the world.

• 1:31:26Daniel Amen?

  Prepared for the end of the world. And we were in Egypt last year and got a call that she had cancer. And we're there for three days and came home. And I kept thinking, I loved her dearly. I'm like, you prepared for the wrong thing. You should have prepared for cancer. Like, I think every day we should be, and the same Alzheimer's prevention program is a cancer prevention program. It's a heart disease prevention program. It's a diabetes prevention program. And I'm like, she's prepared for the wrong thing. The thing you really want to be prepared for is disease, right? And I know I'm gonna die.

• 1:32:08Daniel Amen?

  I just want to be vital for as long as I can be. And hope is, well, I have a say in this, right? Because I know I can accelerate my body's decline, or I can decelerate it. And I'm gonna choose to decelerate it.

• 1:32:30Steven Bartlett?

  Thank you. We're done.