Behind the Scenes Minis: Estevan and Fury

Tracy discusses the concept of race as it has and hasn't existed in European history. Both Tracy and Holly share their frustration and fury about the Buck v. Bell story. See omnystudio.com/listener https://omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:00Speaker 00

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  reaction. Severe side effects may include inflamed pancreas or gallbladder problems. Tell your doctor if you experience vision changes before scheduled procedures with anesthesia, if you're nursing, pregnant, plant-to-be, or taking birth control pills. Taking Zepbound with a sulfonylurea or insulin may cause low blood sugar. Side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting, which can cause dehydration and worsen kidney problems.

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  Talk to your doctor. Call 1-800-545-5979, or visit zepbound.lily.com.

• 1:34Holly Frey?

  A rare disease diagnosis can change your life, but it doesn't have to define your future. In season seven of Untold Stories: Life with a Severe Autoimmune Condition, host Martine Hackett continues the conversation with people living with MG, CIDP, and the broader rare disease community, exploring what comes after diagnosis through stories of hope, progress, and connection. Produced by Ruby Studio in partnership with Argenx. Listen on the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

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• 3:14Holly Frey?

  Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a production of iHeartRadio.

• 3:25Tracy V. Wilson?

  Hello and happy Friday. I'm Tracy V. Wilson. And I'm Holly Frey. We talked this week about Estevan, and by extension, also talked about some very unsuccessful Spanish efforts to explore and colonize what's now Florida and the whole coast from there into Mexico. Did not work out for them. I've had him on my list for a really long time with a question mark after it, just because I was not sure if it was ever going to happen. And then when I was looking specifically for something related to Morocco, that is where I wound up. He's got some similarities to C.D.

• 4:07Tracy V. Wilson?

  Mbarik Bombay, who we talked about a couple or three months ago. Not exactly the same situation, but in both cases, like European folks.

• 4:18Tracy V. Wilson?

  Really, depending on their skill and knowledge to be able to survive in an environment that they were not used to. There are some sources that describe Estevan as the first African American, which I get wanting to say that. Yeah. But that is not an idea that existed in any way in the 16th century. Right, right. Like, so one of the things that's interesting to me is how this fits in with the progression of how people thought, how specifically European people thought about

• 4:59Tracy V. Wilson?

  race, because there wasn't really an idea of white at that time. Right. There was an idea of black encompassing

• 5:15Tracy V. Wilson?

  most people who were African and in some contexts, other people, not generally from Europe. But the, the folks that might be grouped together today as white were more described as Christian. Right. And when, what would become sort of the, the European powers colonizing the Americas, were getting started in the, in the idea of like, not just having slaves, but like, building a society that was rooted in slavery.

• 5:56Tracy V. Wilson?

  Initially, it had been thought of as acceptable to enslave people who were not Christian.

• 6:05Tracy V. Wilson?

  So it would, you know, within the, the European Christian context, it would be acceptable to enslave Muslims or enslave African people of an indigenous African religion, or to enslave indigenous American people who were not Christian. But then there were also missionary and evangelical efforts to convert people to Christianity. So it's like you convert your enslaved population to Christianity, now what? And it was through that shift. That categories began to be created, just the separating black and white. These are both socially constructed things. They do not have any basis in biology.

• 6:50Holly Frey?

  Right.

• 6:51Tracy V. Wilson?

  Or anything like that.

• 6:53Holly Frey?

  Their basis is in generational sun exposure.

• 6:56Tracy V. Wilson?

  Right.

• 6:59Holly Frey?

  Like, I always, when I boil it down to that, it's so absurd.

• 7:04Tracy V. Wilson?

  Yeah.

• 7:05Holly Frey?

  But it's hard not to laugh, but I also then feel guilty for laughing because what a mess we have made because of it.

• 7:12Tracy V. Wilson?

  So much of a mess. I don't remember the person's name, but there is one particular person that's like one of the earliest people to have started conceiving of,

• 7:23Tracy V. Wilson?

  like, all Africans as one race, which is just not an idea that had existed before.

• 7:32Holly Frey?

  Right.

• 7:33Tracy V. Wilson?

  So Estevan lived at a time that, like, these categories were still being thought of and formula and formalized and adopted within European societies. And the idea of African American as that means something today, that was not even, that was so far away. He's, like we said, the, the first non-indigenous person of any race to make it as far into North America as what we know as New Mexico and Arizona. But that is not the same thing as being an African American as that term means today.

• 8:14Holly Frey?

  Yeah, if you could speak one of the many languages he spoke and went back in time and tried to explain this, you would get what?

• 8:22Tracy V. Wilson?

  Yeah, stares.

• 8:25Holly Frey?

  Blankness. This episode was wild to me because it's talking about like where I grew up.

• 8:31Tracy V. Wilson?

  Oh, yeah.

• 8:33Holly Frey?

  You know, I, after I was nine, I grew up on the Gulf Coast and I actually just got back from Tampa Bay. So like, it was just like, is this the time travel?

• 8:43Tracy V. Wilson?

  Yeah.

• 8:43Holly Frey?

  Of my map story?

• 8:45Tracy V. Wilson?

  Yeah.

• 8:45Holly Frey?

  Kind of, kind of.

• 8:47Tracy V. Wilson?

  Yeah. I also read a number of essays that were talking about whether. Like how his position within this group of four changed over the course of their efforts to get back into Spanish-controlled territory and then after they got to Mexico City and how it seems like he was in a kind of gray area for a while where he maybe wasn't being seen exactly as enslaved, but also didn't seem to be free. And there was an argument in some of these essays that I found interesting, but also incorrect because a lot of them were like, they couldn't have thought of him as their slave because they

• 9:31Tracy V. Wilson?

  were relying on him for their safety and survival. And I'm just like, yeah, like the entire American South for the entire history of slavery. You had enslaved people who were making people's food and delivering people's babies and driving their carriages, like literally doing all of the things that were required for survival. That wasn't exclusive to the American South, but like the American South became a society where that was entrenched. And a lot of enslaved African people were handling everybody's very survival all the

• 10:13Tracy V. Wilson?

  time. And even after you got out of the South and slavery was abolished in places outside of the South, there were still people who were free black people being treated as second class citizens who were still doing all that completely critical work. And I was like, that's, you cannot say he wasn't like their slave because he had, he had their lives in his hands. I'm like, that, a lot of enslaved people had white people's lives in their hands. Like

• 10:44Holly Frey?

  They literally took care of their infants. Like

• 10:47Tracy V. Wilson?

  Yeah.

• 10:47Holly Frey?

  Yeah.

• 10:47Tracy V. Wilson?

  Yeah.

• 10:48Holly Frey?

  That doesn't make any sense.

• 10:49Tracy V. Wilson?

  It was, I was like, that, your argument is not adding up to me. It does for sure seem like that he, based on other things beyond the fact that he had their lives in his hands, that it seems like that they, he wound up in kind of a nebulous area.

• 11:05Holly Frey?

  Right.

• 11:06Tracy V. Wilson?

  Yeah, I was like, this argument is not adding up to me.

• 11:09Holly Frey?

  This is one of those things where I hope, well, I don't want to say that. I was gonna say, I hope no one ever makes a movie about him because I feel like it would very quickly devolve into like, super tropey feel-good, like.

• 11:20Tracy V. Wilson?

  Uh huh, uh huh.

• 11:22Holly Frey?

  But then if the right person made the movie, it would be fine, but I just think the odds would be long that it wouldn't, it wouldn't get a little.

• 11:29Tracy V. Wilson?

  Yeah.

• 11:29Holly Frey?

  Whitewashed.

• 11:31Tracy V. Wilson?

  There are a couple of biographies about him. One of them, I think, was written in the 60s, if I remember correctly. I did not read that one, but I did read, I think, read is, I did not thoroughly read it. I did read Estevan by Dennis Herrick with reading more meaning, confirming particular details.

• 11:55Holly Frey?

  Yeah.

• 11:56Tracy V. Wilson?

  Not reading the whole thing thoroughly. And that one just came out in 2018, so it's a pretty new book. And it is from the University of New Mexico Press. I generally found it to be more accessible than a lot of things that are published through university presses.

• 12:11Holly Frey?

  Yeah.

• 12:11Tracy V. Wilson?

  I'm not saying that university, university presses are inherently inaccessible, but I do read some books that have come from university presses that are more, there's like more jargon from the field of history.

• 12:27Holly Frey?

  Right, they're just more academic. They're not intended for a general audience.

• 12:30Tracy V. Wilson?

  That's a better word than what I was trying to say.

• 12:33Holly Frey?

  Yeah.

• 12:33Tracy V. Wilson?

  And this one, I thought, I felt like did a really good job of setting some context that will make parts of it more understandable for a general audience, that a lot of times the more academic work would just skip over, kind of assuming that the audience reading it would already know this stuff.

• 12:51Holly Frey?

  Yeah.

• 12:51Tracy V. Wilson?

  And that was one of the things that I was like, oh, I like, I like that this is included, which is something that I would not necessarily see coming from an academic press in a lot of the cases.

• 13:01Holly Frey?

  Yeah.

• 13:02Tracy V. Wilson?

  So if people want more detail, because there is so much more detail about this whole expedition, that's one of the places you could go look for it. Again, that is Estevan by Dennis Herrick, which came out in 2018 from University of New Mexico Press. I tried to read a lot of stuff from a lot of different perspectives to see how like, how are scholars who grew up in Morocco talking about him? How are indigenous anthropologists and historians talk about them? Talk about him? There's a lot. There's definitely more about him now than there was even 10 years ago available for folks who are interested.

• 13:45Speaker 01

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• 14:01Speaker 02

  Zepbound is a prescription medicine used with a reduced calorie diet and increased physical activity to help adults with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, OSA, and obesity to improve their OSA. Zepbound is approved as a 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, or 15-milligram injection. Zepbound contains trisepotide and should not be used with other trisepotide-containing products or any GLP-1 receptor agonist medicines. It is not known if Zepbound is safe and effective for use in children. Don't share needles or pens, or reuse needles. Don't take if allergic to it, or if you or someone in your family had medullary thyroid cancer, or if you've had multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2. Tell your doctor if you get a lump or swelling in your neck. Stop Zepbound and call your doctor if you have severe stomach pain or a serious allergic

• 14:46Speaker 02

  reaction. Severe side effects may include inflamed pancreas or gallbladder problems. Tell your doctor if you experience vision changes before scheduled procedures with anesthesia, if you're nursing, pregnant, plan to be, or taking birth control pills. Taking Zepbound with a sulfonylurea or insulin may cause low blood sugar. Side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting, which can cause dehydration and worsen kidney problems.

• 15:09Speaker 01

  Talk to your doctor. Call 1-800-545-5979 or visit zepbound.lily.com.

• 15:16Speaker 06

  First thought is like, wow, how are we going to do all this?

• 15:18Tracy V. Wilson?

  Hey, everybody. It's Tracy from Stuff You Missed in History Class. That's Alan Goya, a planning engineer at AT&T. He's talking about Intuit Dome, home of the Los Angeles Clippers, where every seat, screen, phone, and transaction is connected with AT&T fiber and 5G, defining the fan's experience. And Alan's master plan made it all possible.

• 15:39Speaker 06

  It was going to rival anything that was already built. And that takes quite a bit of people and different teams to all be on the same page.

• 15:47Tracy V. Wilson?

  That includes field services manager Drexel Jones. His team made sure it all came together and held up on game day.

• 15:53Speaker 07

  Through what Alan's whole crew designed, we connected the event visitors to the world.

• 15:59Tracy V. Wilson?

  And after years of hard work and collaboration, it was opening night.

• 16:03Speaker 07

  To actually see the whole stadium light up and data is flowing is a beautiful thing.

• 16:07Speaker 06

  What the fans experience is incredible. It gave me a lot of pride.

• 16:10Tracy V. Wilson?

  AT&T, connecting fans to what they love. Connecting changes everything. AT&T.

• 16:17Tracy V. Wilson?

  So you're considering getting a home security system, but you want something that fits your space. Well, with ADT Blue, it's easy to customize a system that's right for you and set it up yourself. Just pick the kit and monitoring plan that makes sense for your home. Let's say you're worried about package theft. The ADT Plus app can walk you through setting up a new doorbell camera kit. Once it's installed, ADT Pros can help you keep tabs on it 24/7, or you can manage it yourself from the ADT Plus app. There are no long-term contracts, so you can change your monitoring plan whenever you want. The flexibility doesn't end there. You can add to your system as you need to with things like extra cameras or motion sensors. Some life decisions are hard, but thanks to ADT Blue,

• 16:59Tracy V. Wilson?

  you can DIY trusted ADT home security in a snap. Head to ADT.com/BLU to build your system today. And to hear more about home protection and other grown-up topics, check out new episodes of Grown Up Stuff on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

• 17:23Holly Frey?

  A rare disease diagnosis can change your life, but it doesn't have to define your future. Tune in for season seven of Untold Stories: Life with a Severe Autoimmune Condition, a Ruby Studio production in partnership with Argenx. Hosted by public health and policy expert Dr. Martine Hackett, Untold Stories: Life with a Severe Autoimmune Condition pushes the conversation within the rare disease community forward. Featuring guests living with MG, CIDP, myositis, SMA, and other rare autoimmune conditions, each episode explores hope, progress, and connection. How does research create new opportunities? How do shared experiences help light the way forward? How do we best show up for each other?

• 18:08Holly Frey?

  Tune in to find out. Listen on the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

• 18:25Tracy V. Wilson?

  We talked about Buck versus Bell this week. Oh, we sure did.

• 18:31Tracy V. Wilson?

  That, like, that case has come up in a number of previous episodes. I, I did not have the experience I expected to find when I started researching it because I knew,

• 18:48Tracy V. Wilson?

  I knew the basics of the case, right? I knew that Carrie Bell had a child and that Carrie's mother had also been institutionalized and that there was this argument that Carrie should be sterilized, that she could not have any more children, and that three generation of imbeciles is enough is quoted all over the place. I did not expect, number one, as much information about Carrie Buck as has been unearthed. I mean, there's still big gaps in it, but largely because of the work of Paul Lombardo. Like, there's a lot more known and documented about her and her family today. I...

• 19:29Tracy V. Wilson?

  Was not really expecting, maybe I should have been, but I wasn't really expecting the story of the court case to involve everybody basically railroading it through. Like, I just, it, it did not really occur to me at the beginning that this was going to be a story in which the attorney that was appointed to represent Carrie Buck was really going to be working for the other side, for all practical purposes. Like, that, I was not, I did not realize that was going to be the case. And I said already, like, literally three hours after I emailed you this outline, came all the headlines about the request to overturn Obergefell.

• 20:13Tracy V. Wilson?

  And already, we have talked earlier this year about the request, not exactly request, but like, the, the attempts to have the Supreme Court overturn the constitutional right to birthright citizenship. I'd already had in my mind, like, there have been a lot of times that the Supreme Court has authored decisions that have made things worse. And I wasn't expecting, in this case, for that to extend to her not even really being defended.

• 20:46Holly Frey?

  Yeah.

• 20:48Tracy V. Wilson?

  Was just not, I don't know, I was not expecting that.

• 20:50Holly Frey?

  This one makes me such a rage monster. For two rea, for many reasons, but the big two.

• 20:57Tracy V. Wilson?

  Okay.

• 20:58Holly Frey?

  One, there sure is a lot of discussion about what is appropriate for her, and no discussion at all about

• 21:08Holly Frey?

  teaching men not to take advantage of women.

• 21:12Tracy V. Wilson?

  Right.

• 21:13Holly Frey?

  Which makes my blood boil. And I want to say a lot of words that are not suitable for this podcast.

• 21:20Tracy V. Wilson?

  Yeah, yeah.

• 21:21Holly Frey?

  Two, while we were discussing this, I thought back to my own by-choice sterilization. And how

• 21:35Holly Frey?

  When I first started raising that issue to my doctor, I think I was 29, I talked to several different doctors about it. And at the time, all of them wanted to talk to my husband about it. And it's like, you know what? Even if you do want it, you still have to get a dude's permission.

• 21:52Tracy V. Wilson?

  Yeah.

• 21:53Holly Frey?

  What the heck, man?

• 21:55Tracy V. Wilson?

  Yeah.

• 21:55Holly Frey?

  Those two things really made me irate throughout the reading of this episode.

• 21:59Tracy V. Wilson?

  Yeah. On your first point, that was one of the lines of argument that her attorney could have pursued if he had wanted to, because there was a lot of discussion about like, oh, well, she's obviously irresponsible. She's obviously just gonna have a lot more children if we don't do something about it. It was never brought up that, that her account was that he had raped her. And that just wasn't brought into the questioning at all. I don't know of any consequence that ever happened to him in any way. And as we said, like, his, his aunt was the person that raised Carrie Buck's baby.

• 22:41Tracy V. Wilson?

  All of which is infuriating. And then on your, your second point,

• 22:47Tracy V. Wilson?

  it is the same double standard as we see in gender-affirming healthcare. If you want to have a breast augmentation because you are a cisgender woman who wants bigger breasts, great, nobody is really gonna challenge that. But if you are a trans woman who wants a breast augmentation, there are a bajillion hurdles in attempts to outlaw that entirely. And a bunch of absolutely blatant misinformation about what is happening with children's gender-affirming care,

• 23:31Tracy V. Wilson?

  which in the vast, vast majority of cases involves things like socially transitioning. So letting kids use the name and wear the clothing that they would prefer to wear. And hormone blockers, which we have plenty of documentation about because they are routinely prescribed to kids who are going through precocious puberty, meaning going through puberty. Too early. Right. Medically too early. And so like if, if a cisgender child is in precocious puberty, puberty blockers, no problem. If a trans child would like to put off the physical changes of puberty

• 24:14Tracy V. Wilson?

  until they are older and can think about what it will mean to have a permanently life-changing, physically changing surgery, suddenly puberty blockers becomes a whole big deal.

• 24:29Tracy V. Wilson?

  And that also infuriates me. All of this stuff is tied together. Yeah. Trans rights are connected to disability rights. All of this. There's this, they're, they all, they have a lot of similar roots. I am frustrated and infuriated the same way you are. Yep.

• 24:52Speaker 01

  Snoring, gasping for air during sleep, daytime sleepiness. I'm Shaquille O'Neal, and this shouldn't be anybody's experience. Ask your doctor about Zepbound Trisepotide, the first and only FDA-approved prescription medicine for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity.

• 25:08Speaker 02

  Zepbound is a prescription medicine used with a reduced calorie diet and increased physical activity to help adults with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, OSA, and obesity to improve their OSA. Zepbound is approved as a 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, or 15-milligram injection. Zepbound contains trisepotide and should not be used with other trisepotide-containing products or any GLP-1 receptor agonist medicines. It is not known if Zepbound is safe and effective for use in children. Don't share needles or pens, or reuse needles. Don't take if allergic to it, or if you or someone in your family had medullary thyroid cancer, or if you've had multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2. Tell your doctor if you get a lump or swelling in your neck. Stop Zepbound and call your doctor if you have severe stomach pain or a serious allergic reaction.

• 25:53Speaker 02

  Severe side effects may include inflamed pancreas or gallbladder problems. Tell your doctor if you experience vision changes before scheduled procedures with anesthesia. If you're nursing, pregnant, plan to be, or taking birth control pills. Taking Zepbound with a sulphonal urea or insulin may cause low blood sugar. Side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting, which can cause dehydration and worsen kidney problems.

• 26:15Speaker 01

  Talk to your doctor. Call 1-800-545-5979, or visit zepbound.lily.com.

• 26:23Holly Frey?

  A rare disease diagnosis can change your life, but it doesn't have to define your future. Tune in for season seven of Untold Stories: Life with a Severe Autoimmune Condition, a Ruby Studio production in partnership with Argenx. Hosted by public health and policy expert Dr. Martine Hackett, Untold Stories: Life with a Severe Autoimmune Condition pushes the conversation within the rare disease community forward. Featuring guests living with MG, CIDP, myositis, SMA, and other rare autoimmune conditions, each episode explores hope, progress, and connection. How does research create new opportunities? How do shared experiences help light the way forward? How do we best show up for each other?

• 27:08Holly Frey?

  Tune in to find out. Listen on the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

• 27:18Speaker 00

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• 27:54Tracy V. Wilson?

  One of the things that I was looking up as I was researching this was like Virginia's apology for this law. There have been some states that have passed laws to compensate people who were sterilized under their eugenics programs. One of those is North Carolina, which is where I am from. North Carolina was the first state to compensate victims of its eugenics sterilization program. I was not, I don't think I was living in North Carolina when this happened, but I was not aware until Googling around while working on this episode that North Carolina's legislation for this was largely led by a man named Larry Wumble, who was my assistant principal. Huh.

• 28:39Tracy V. Wilson?

  Total news to me. He passed away in 2020, I think 2020. But yeah, like he was a big part of getting that passed in North Carolina. Not all states passed such programs. I don't remember if Virginia did or not. There are limits to how much money can compensate a person for surgeries made on their bodies without their consent, or in some case, even knowledge.

• 29:07Tracy V. Wilson?

  I don't know if I have anything else to say about Buck versus Bell today.

• 29:10Holly Frey?

  Uh, me either. I'm just super mad.

• 29:13Tracy V. Wilson?

  I'm also super mad. Uh, I've said before, it's been a super long time on the show, but I've said before, but I think some of the Supreme Court decisions that people learn the most about in the United States in the world of like K through 12 education are the Supreme Court decisions that made progress in, in, in making sure everyone had access and recognitions of the, of the same rights. So things like Brown versus Board.

• 29:39Holly Frey?

  Right.

• 29:40Tracy V. Wilson?

  Things like Loving versus Virginia, which overturned Virginia's anti-miscegenation law, which was also a eugenics law because it was about protecting white racial purity. But there are many, many more Supreme Court cases that were the opposite of that, that were like, I mean, some of which we've talked about on the show before, like Plessy versus Ferguson, Dred Scott versus Sanford. The idea that the Supreme Court is somehow going to save us from horrific lawmakers has not worked out a lot of the time.

• 30:13Holly Frey?

  Yeah. I mean, I think a lot of, a lot of the way those syllabi get put together. One, a lot of times they get put into like civics classes that are very much in the rah rah, this is the best way.

• 30:35Tracy V. Wilson?

  Mm hmm.

• 30:35Holly Frey?

  So of course they're not going to include anything dicey. Yeah. Also, I mean, I will say, we joked about it in the show, but like, it is hard to read and parse a lot of Supreme Court opinion writing.

• 30:51Tracy V. Wilson?

  Mm hmm.

• 30:52Holly Frey?

  Because it tends to be very long and very verbose. And so the trick is that even if somebody, like especially if you're high school age and you get curious and you go looking, you really need an assist or to find a great study guide.

• 31:08Tracy V. Wilson?

  Yeah.

• 31:09Holly Frey?

  To walk you through those, and those aren't always easy to find.

• 31:12Tracy V. Wilson?

  Right. Sometimes they're also like Supreme Court opinions can be very dense with citations of all of the precedents, which can make it really hard to even get through a sentence sometimes because it feels like there's 9,000 citations in there. And if you're not familiar-

• 31:31Holly Frey?

  You have to do extra homework for each sentence.

• 31:33Tracy V. Wilson?

  Yeah. If you're not familiar with what all of those citations are about, then it can bog down really quickly. The fact that this decision was so short, we could have just read the whole thing on the show really, is wild. Dramatically shorter than most, most decisions today. And not in a way like, if you look at very old laws in the United States, some of them are very short and are much, much shorter than today where bills can go on for hundreds or thousands of pages. And it's not quite like that. It's that this one was particularly

• 32:10Tracy V. Wilson?

  unusually short and awful and never directly overturned. On that note, I hope everybody's Saturday is better than this episode was. Whatever is happening in your world, I hope it is going as well as it can go. And I hope you're able to take some time to kind of center and focus on yourself. I have found in my own life that if I am literally burying myself in every headline and every development all day long forever, that I stop being able to cope with all of it. And so I have tried to make it a point to, at some points of

• 32:55Tracy V. Wilson?

  the day, see what's happening in the world. But at other points of the day, try to be more focused on what I'm actually doing and, and what I can do to help when that's possible. We will be back with a Saturday classic tomorrow. We will have something brand new on Monday.

• 33:18Tracy V. Wilson?

  Stuff You Missed in History Class is a production of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.

• 33:33Speaker 01

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• 33:48Speaker 02

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• 34:56Speaker 01

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• 35:03Holly Frey?

  A rare disease diagnosis can change your life, but it doesn't have to define your future. In season seven of Untold Stories: Life with a Severe Autoimmune Condition, host Martine Hackett continues the conversation with people living with MG, CIDP, and the broader rare disease community, exploring what comes after diagnosis through stories of hope, progress, and connection. Produced by Ruby Studio in partnership with Argenx. Listen on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

• 35:34Tracy V. Wilson?

  You ever show up late to the game and your friends already saved your seat, your drink, even a plate? That's looking out. That's having your back. And that's exactly what AT&T does with the AT&T Guarantee. They know staying connected matters, so they actually guarantee a network that comes through when it counts. AT&T has connectivity you can depend on, or they'll proactively make it right, just like that friend who takes care of things before you even ask. AT&T: Connecting changes everything. Terms and conditions apply. Visit att.com/guarantee for details. This is an iHeart Podcast. Guaranteed Human.