Why AI Could Be the Best Teacher You Ever Have w/ Sal Khan

AI is accelerating at a dizzying pace and you’ve got to be prepared for what’s to come. It’s not a matter of if, but when… and it’s going to be sooner than you expect! In this electrifying episode, we’re discussing the boundless potential of artificial intelligence and its transformative impact on education and beyond with none other than Sal Khan, the visionary behind Khan Academy. As an advocate for revolutionary educational practices, Sal shares his insights on how AI is not just a tool for learning but a gateway to reshaping educational paradigms. From our discussion, you'll gain revealing insights into: How Salman took The Khan Academy from a simple online tutoring program to a global educational powerhouse How AI is revolutionizing the way students learn Our thoughts on how AI could democratize access to quality education for students worldwide Potential challenges and ethical considerations as AI becomes more integrated into our educational systems Sal's personal journey and the visionary steps he's taking to merge technology with education, inspiring a new generation of learners and educators Sal's perspective not only enlightens on the current state of educational AI but also invites us to think critically about its future implications. Join us for a conversation that promises to enlighten, inspire, and challenge the way we perceive the intersection of technology and education. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:00Ed Mylett?

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• 0:43Ed Mylett?

  And my third day, 6:00 p.m. to midnight. I now get 21 days a week. Stack that up over a month, over a year, over five years, and my life's completely different than it would have been otherwise. And if you want to win as an entrepreneur, you have to compress your time too. And you definitely can't afford to waste it waiting weeks on a big bank for capital. Your best bet's to work with my friends at Cardiff. They know how to compress time for entrepreneurs. They get your business approved in minutes and funded the very same day. They're America's favorite small business lender, and for good reason. Over 20 years in business, over $12 billion deployed to small business across America. Stop letting bank delays slow down your momentum. Head to cardiff.co/Ed. That's cardiff.co/Ed. Cardiff.co. Real growth, fast funding.

• 1:28Ed Mylett?

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• 1:31Speaker 01

  This episode is brought to you by Michelob Ultra. Good times mean competitions between you and your friends, like seeing who can throw some pigskin the farthest or rush the field the fastest. Winner gets an Ultra. Because it's not just a superior-like beer, it's also giving fans superior access to their favorite sporting events. Superior is worth playing for. Visit michelobultra.com/superioraccess to enter. Enjoy responsibly. Copyright 2026 Anheuser-Busch InBev Michelob Ultra Beer, St. Louis, Missouri.

• 2:05Ed Mylett?

  This is the Ed Meyer Show.

• 2:09Ed Mylett?

  Welcome back to the show, everybody. So my guest today, when I first started this show, I don't know, seven, eight years ago, was on my original list of the 10 people I wanted to have on. But when we were this little show, I couldn't get him. And now that we've grown a little bit, I'm grateful that we've risen to the level of being worthy of his presence. And I'm so excited to pick his brain. I consider him one of the most innovative, smart people on the planet. It's Sal Khan. He's my guest today. He's the founder of, most of you probably know, the Khan Academy, which is, in my mind, one of the most revolutionary, unbelievable organizations when it's come to education in the last few years. But we're going to discuss sort of the advances in that world today, particularly AI as it relates to education. But I also want to just touch on AI in general

• 2:52Ed Mylett?

  with him today, and his, you know, what he thinks the impact on the world that's going to bring. He's promoting a new book he's got called Brave New Words. And really, what that book does is it discusses the integration of AI in education. And he's got this new thing called the Khan Migo AI Guide that I want to ask him about as well. So Sal Khan, finally, welcome to the show.

• 3:13Speaker 02

  Good to be here, Ed. You didn't know you were on the top 10 places I wanted to be, so you just had to ask. Gosh, the universe finally brought us together. I had that imposter syndrome going. So, so I got so many things, brother, I want to ask you about. Let's start out, though, most of you should know, if you don't, the Khan Academy is one of the most revolutionary, nonprofit organizations on the planet. But talk about a little bit about, you know, the foundation of why you started Khan Academy in the beginning, but also, what's this Khan Migo? And how do you think AI is going to revolutionize education in general?

• 3:47Speaker 02

  Yeah, so if you rewind back to 2004, my original background was in tech, but in 2004, I had just gotten married. I was a year out of business school. I was an analyst at a hedge fund. And my family from New Orleans, which is where I was born and raised, they were visiting me in Boston. And I just came out of conversation, my 12 year old cousin Nadia was having trouble in math. So I offered to tutor her remotely. When she went back to New Orleans, she agrees. And slowly but surely, she got caught up with her class, a little bit ahead of her class. Uh, word spreads in my family free tutoring is going on. Before I know it, I'm tutoring ten, fifteen cousins, family friends every day after my hedge fund job. And I saw common patterns that they were struggling, not because they weren't bright or hardworking, or that they didn't go to good schools. It was because in traditional academic system, you're pushed ahead.

• 4:33Speaker 02

  Even if you understand something only eighty percent well, you move ahead to another topic. Usually something's going to be built on those twenty percent gaps. This is especially true in mathematics. Or summer happens and you, even though you knew it really well last year, you forgot thirty percent of it, but now you're going to be building on those gaps. And so I started building software for them, uh, really just a family project for them to get practice and for me to keep track of what they were doing. I called it Khan Academy. It was a little bit of a, of a joke. The domain name was available. It was, it's a family project. But a little part of me did think that maybe this could scale to more people. Uh, then in two thousand six, a friend suggested that I make YouTube videos to supplement this software.

• 5:14Speaker 02

  I initially thought YouTube was a superficial modality for learning, but I gave it, I gave it a, I gave it a shot. And, um, my cousins famously told me they liked me better on YouTube than in person. And what they were saying, I believe, is that they just appreciated having an on-demand version of their cousins, something they could pause, repeat, watch in the middle of the night. Not feel embarrassed if they had to review something from fifth grade, even if they were in ninth grade now. So I kept going, but you could imagine it, people who weren't my cousins started using both the videos and, and the software, but the videos almost took on a life of their own. And by two thousand eight, two thousand nine, there were about fifty to a hundred thousand folks per month using this. And remember, this is just a, my side hu- hustle, so to speak, my, my hobby.

• 5:59Speaker 02

  And, uh, and so in two thousand eight, I set it up as a nonprofit. Even then, I didn't think I was going to quit my job. I thought it was still going to be a side thing. But, you know, Khan Academy mission, free world-class education for anyone, anywhere. But then two thousand nine, I quit my day job to work on it full-time. It was a hard year, but by two thousand ten, we got our first real support. It just came out of the woodwork that Bill Gates was using it himself. He was using it with his kids. So that helped with the Gates Foundation. It turns out senior executives at Google were using it for their kids. Uh, and so Google and the Gates Foundation were the first philanthropic supporters. There's been many since. And if you fast forward to, let's call it the last year and a half, two years. A lot of what Khan Academy has been doing is just trying to scale what I was originally

• 6:42Speaker 02

  doing with Navia and using technology to do it, making it more accessible. And a lot of it is scaling personalization.

• 6:50Ed Mylett?

  Can I brag on you for a minute? Can I just brag, just interject? I just want everybody to understand, he's being very humble. I just want to add this. Khan Academy is in over 190 countries, 160 million users. So when he talks about, he wanted to scale, it scaled. And I just want to step back really quick as he continues to go. Some of you entrepreneurs should step back and listen to that again, just as a blueprint of how a business could begin. Seeing patterns, seeing a need in the marketplace, being somewhat innovative, finding unique ways to scale, using technology to scale. So I didn't want to interrupt you, but I also want everyone to know, my gosh, I mean, this has not been, he hasn't made a little drop in the universe. This has been, this has been a revolution of sorts that I sort of think leads to where you're going now.

• 7:35Ed Mylett?

  So I didn't want to interrupt, but I also wanted to make sure they knew the impact that you and Khan Academy have made in the world. Cause I don't think with what you're about to describe would probably be on, on the table right now, had you not done what you did back in 2008, it's sort of prepared for this moment. So back to you.

• 7:52Speaker 02

  No, that's right. And I appreciate that. And you can imagine sometimes when you're in the midst of it, as far as we've come, our aspirations are to get to billions and to engage them deeply. So we almost view that 165 million as a proof of concept. And you know, we are in 50 plus languages and almost every country that allows us to be there, we're there. But if you think about everything we've been doing, we've just been trying to scale the type of one-on-one tutoring, personalization that I was able to do with Navia initially. And I used to, to new employees at Khan Academy, I used to hand them a whole series of science fiction books, books like Ender's Game or Diamond Age. And the common theme was all of these books had artificial intelligences tutoring students

• 8:35Speaker 02

  so that these students could dramatically accelerate their learning. And I always put that out there as like a vision, hey, this might not even happen in our lifetime. It might be a hundred years out, but this is what we're eventually going to be. And when OpenAI, Sam Altman, Greg Brockman popped me an email about a year and a half ago, this is summer of 2022, actually a little bit more, almost two years ago, they, they said, hey, we're going to, we're training our next model. It descended up being GPT-4. For folks to remember, this was still six months before even ChatGPT existed and ChatGPT was based on GPT 3.5 when it launched. So when they showed me GPT 4, which I went into that meeting curious, I thought the technology was probably going to be cool, but I thought I was skeptical as to whether it was going to be relevant to what we were doing. But I

• 9:20Speaker 02

  saw that, yes, it had some, some issues in terms of hallucinations and math errors, but in certain ways, it was almost indiscernible from what I was able to do at Nadia back in 2004. And I said, well, if you pair that with some guardrails, pair it with some of the content that we already have, implement it for education, make sure it's not a cheating tool, but an actual support tool. This could do what I thought wasn't gonna, we weren't gonna be able to do for 50 years, we might be able to do in, in five months. And so, we, we, we increasingly pivoted the organization on this to build Khan Migo, which we're calling a, a tutor for every student and a teaching assistant for every teacher, because it can

• 10:03Speaker 02

  help them develop lesson plans, write progress reports, it can synthesize what students have been doing in narrative ways. And even calling it a tutor is, to some degree, selling it short. It can do things like simulate historical figures or literary characters. It acts as a writing coach. It can act as a guiding counselor, a guidance counselor. So even things that I wasn't, I, I did do a guidance counselor a little bit for my cousins, but I never pretended to be George Washington for them. So it's transcendent.

• 10:29Ed Mylett?

  I wanted to ask you that. I wanted to interject. I wanted to ask you about the guidance counselor because I was reading it. I get the tutor part. I get the teacher assistant part. How can AI be a guidance counselor? I, I don't, that part of it perplexed me a little bit. That's where I thought you would need a human.

• 10:44Speaker 02

  Well, ideally, you want the human. And I, I don't view any of what we're doing as a replacement for a human. But if you, if you take most students in a, in a traditional setting, the, the student to guidance counselor ratio at their school is probably 100 to one at best. And so you have limited meetings and then, you know, the guidance counselors don't have necessarily all of the time to really give the con, or in some cases, they might not have the context of how, you know, when I was in high school, I, my dream was to go to MIT. No one from my high school had ever attended MIT. So my guidance counselor really didn't have, you know, when I said I want to go to MIT, he's like, Michigan's cold. I'm like, it's not in Michigan.

• 11:28Speaker 02

  And he was a great guy. He was a great guy. I don't want to, you know, he actually helped me a lot. But, but it's that context and what we were, we've been able to do with Conmigo is go to some of the top college coaches, when I say coaches, college admissions coaches in the country, people who would typically charge wealthy families $500 an hour to consult with their kids. And we're able to emulate a lot of those pieces so that every student with the artificial intelligence could understand, okay, what actually makes a great application? What actually makes a great essay? We actually have a feature where it'll give you feedback on your college admissions essay. Won't write it for you, but it'll give you feedback, the type of feedback that most kids don't have access to. So once again, I think it just, it amplifies the work of a guidance counselor,

• 12:11Speaker 02

  or it helps raise the floor for kids who don't have access to one.

• 12:16Ed Mylett?

  Let's step back on the AI topic just for a second. By the way, I appreciate all that color and background. You've made the conscious decision, and you know this, there's two camps. There's the people that want to dance with AI and leverage it to help advance society and culture in their businesses. And then there's the camp that's very afraid of it and worried about what it's going to do to the job market, what it's going to do to careers. I want to ask you some things beyond that a little bit. When it comes to education, everybody listening to this today, we're going to move into AI in general and how it's going to impact you. When he says education, this affects, we're talking about scholastics here, but it could be in the business I'm in where I teach people how to close or persuade or

• 12:53Ed Mylett?

  be an entrepreneur. That's education. So there's, there's an element of it. There's an AI of me right now that I just listened to recently that can give a speech like, I can't give. That can answer the questions that I'd be answering that currently I get paid to answer, right? And so I'm curious, from an education standpoint, I'm thrilled about this, especially what you're doing with it. Because I was fortunate in the sense that I probably started life on, you know, I didn't, I didn't start on at home plate. I started on at least second base. I had a middle-class upbringing. I went to a public school. But it was a good public school. My family couldn't afford private school. To me, there's kind of like, you know, private school, a good public school, and then there's like a lot of public schools that are not so good. I was in the middle there. I had a good public school education.

• 13:37Ed Mylett?

  But I had to work for my education. Do you worry, even though it levels the playing field hopefully to some extent, do you worry that this just becomes too easy for a young person? That they don't have to even rework to learn most things anymore, that it's at their fingertips? I've watched, I think, and I'll get off my soapbox. I feel like technology in general may have impacted some forms of work ethic already in young people. Like, you and I had to go do a report in high school. I had to go down to the library, get an encyclopedia, read it, type it on a typewriter. My daughter now types three words into Google. Now with ChatGPT, you know, I mean, she's got a report. Do you worry that it makes, does it impact work ethic in a student to have such great access? I don't know if anyone's ever asked you that before.

• 14:21Speaker 02

  Yeah, I was, it's, yes, and this is something we think a lot about. It depends how it's used and what direction we go in. You're absolutely right. This, these tools can be used as shortcuts. So if the education system tries to ignore it, or doesn't adapt to it, then yes, it's going to undermine what's, what's going on. And I write about it in my book about this. And I write, you know, we have a whole chapter about cheating. And I start pre ChatGPT. And I'm like, look, cheating's already been an issue. There's internet services where you can pay $5 a page. And a human being in Nigeria, it turns out, is a big place where people can write good college essays for you. They'll write you one, you know, an A minus or better guaranteed. So this was always going to be

• 15:02Speaker 02

  an issue. I'm hopeful that actually, once again, it depends on how you use it. All technologies just amplify your intent. And so I actually think there's an opportunity, let's say on the writing, we're launching a tool where a teacher can assign through the AI. The AI won't do the essay for you. It'll work with you. And then when the student is ready, the AI will report back to the teacher, not just the output of the essay, but the whole process. Yeah, Sal and I worked on this for three and a half hours, et cetera, et cetera. It's consistent with his other work. I'm confident it is his work. If I went to ChatGPT, or if I went to one of these Nigerian essay farms and got my essay written. It'll say, hey, we didn't work on this essay together. And by the way, it's not consistent with his other writing. I would double check that.

• 15:47Speaker 02

  So the AI can now support students better and it could even police some of the other forms of cutting corners. But the places where I'm really excited is, you know, you mentioned you teach people how to sell. That traditionally, you know, we didn't even consider that as on the table in schools. Because how do you assess that? How do you simulate that? AI can start to do that. One of the big problems that I think has happened since you and I were in school. I'm not against standardized tests. In fact, I make the argument in the book. If, you know, if, which part do you not like? Testing or standardization? You need to test something to get better at it. And you want it to be standardized so that you can, you can compare it and you can benchmark.

• 16:26Speaker 02

  But the problem that's happened is as we've gotten more and more indexed on standardized tests over the last thirty or forty years. There's been a, and the standardized tests had to be scalable. So they can only, they can only measure things with, for the most part, multiple choice questions, which is a very narrow set of skills. A lot of schools, especially the schools that were struggling, started to narrow their curricula to, to be more and more focused on those narrow assessments. And, and if all you are doing is multiple choice, you're never learning to articulate. You're never learning to write. And it does seem like there's an epidemic in, you know, I was talking to a very senior official at Harvard recently who said even Harvard freshmen, like most of them can't write. That's, that's telling you something.

• 17:06Speaker 02

  And so in this world now where we're going to be able to create AI based assessment where you don't, it's not multiple choice. Where you can ask a student to say what they think, to write a passage, to design an experiment, to engage in a simulation where you're, let's say you're trying to sell someone, something to someone. I think it's actually going to broaden the aperture and allow more creation to happen, which is actually more cognitive load, not less. But you're going to get that feedback so you can get better at it.

• 17:37Ed Mylett?

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• 18:02Ed Mylett?

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• 18:47Ed Mylett?

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• 20:07Ed Mylett?

  Yeah, I'm excited about that. And I'm also, one of the other applications that I'm excited about is that what is education can expand, meaning, well, I was never taught about money, for example, when I was a young person, or interpersonal relationships, or how to communicate better. And because there's just a finite amount of time and space in a traditional school. But now, you know, maybe people can begin to study things that are more their aptitude basis long term. I'm excited about that. Here's an odd question, but just like, by the way, the book is outstanding, everybody, and most of the things I'm asking Sal today, you can get more answers to in the book. I read it in two days. But, you know, one of the other things I thought about is, this sort of access, and this is like now, everybody, we're not talking about three years from now, changes the pace

• 20:52Ed Mylett?

  in which somebody can consume education information as well, right? So, somebody like yourself, that maybe have a little bit higher IQ, or desire to learn, my gosh, by the time you're eight or nine years old, you could have accumulated all the knowledge that someone took 12 years to go through a traditional education. Here's an odd one for you, that I always worry about with technology, is exactly what you just said. I feel like people have more and more access to information, but their maturity level, their ability to communicate, interact as an adult, is trailing further and further behind what they know and what they can apply. And I'm wondering, if you worry about that at all, that someone can have a vast amount of education, yet the maturity level of the person has not caught up to their ability to, their maturity level aptitude isn't as high as their intellect, or their education,

• 21:37Ed Mylett?

  or information level, and what that might do to structures in society?

• 21:43Speaker 02

  Yeah, what you're describing, I think, has always been an issue, where some people spike on the academic side, and not on the interpersonal side, or the maturity, or the wisdom side. And sometimes it goes the other way, and some of the people who do spike on the wisdom, or the interpersonal side, don't even realize their gifts until they're out of the, out of the school system. My general view, because I also get this question, because obviously Khan Academy, our mission, nonprofit, free world-class education for anyone, anywhere, there's sometimes well-intentioned stakeholders, sometimes it's people on our team, sometimes it's donors, who say, hey, you know, my neighbor got on Khan Academy and is now four grade levels ahead, isn't this separating that kid more from, from the other kids?

• 22:25Speaker 02

  And, and isn't that in some ways driving inequity? And I'm a big believer, and I'm willing to take a strong stance on this, the way to drive equity is never to hold people back, the way is to make sure more people can accelerate. So if there's a, if there's a young kid who's nine years old and can do calculus, God bled him, God bless him, let him do calculus. And a lot of folks don't realize the highest dropout rates are kids who are really struggling academically and actually gifted kids are, are, have a very high drop, because they get, they get bored or they get disaffected and they get, they get into trouble. I guarantee you, a lot of the kids who are getting into trouble are actually gifted kids because they're just not stimulated enough. So, so I think you definitely want people to be able to tap into the potential.

• 23:09Speaker 02

  And by the way, selfishly, some of these kids are going to cure diseases for us. They're going to figure out how to address environmental issues. They're going to be the people that, you know, write the next great novel or start the next great company that we're all going to be employed by, whatever, whatever it might be.

• 23:24Ed Mylett?

  Well, you make the case of that in the book, Sal. You make that case in the book where I'm starting to read the book and I'm like, this is going to stifle creativity. This is one of the biggest problems here. Creativity is going to be stifled. And you give this Da Vinci example that I'll let you kind of rap on here for a minute, which makes the case that no, actually, culture and society will be advanced by AI, dynamics and structures like this for the following reasons. So go ahead on that, because this is a big deal, everybody, because I've always thought, I don't know, I'm, I'm old school, ease restricts innovation sometimes, work ethic is restricted, a maturity is restricted, but, or suppressed. You sort of put forward a different argument, and we're early in this debate, everybody,

• 24:06Ed Mylett?

  you know, no one knows certainly, but I think this Da Vinci example is pretty darn powerful.

• 24:12Speaker 02

  Well, what I'd say is, everything, everything in AI, I always just like to turn it into an old school question, where, like, if you go back, I always give the example, you go back 2,300 years, Alexander the Great had Aristotle as his tutor. Those with resources always had this highly engaged, personalized education that would flex to what you needed. And so on this creativity question, I use the example of, have my most creative times been when I'm alone? Or when I am with other creative people? When another creative person walks into the room, my reaction isn't, oh, good, you're creative. I don't have to be creative anymore. Please tell me what to write.

• 24:57Speaker 02

  I think most creative people get excited and you start riffing off of each other and you start saying, oh, what about this? Oh, what about that? Hey, let's make it like this. That's going to be extra cool. And so now you can do that with the AI. And this is another thing that happens, unfortunately, in a lot of schools these days, is that culturally, the best way to get yourself beat up is to seem engaged, or to seem like you're academically interested, or that you want to, you want to keep exploring something. But now, look, I'll be very open. In my high school, I had to pretend to not care a lot of times, even though secretly inside, I was like, oh, my God, are you telling me that that's what atoms are? And so what, you know, I want to, I have this question and that question. And so, and but if I raised my hand and, you know, it wouldn't have been a good afternoon for me that day.

• 25:39Speaker 02

  So the, a chance for students, wherever they are, even if they're in a family that's, you know, that's gaslighting them to believe that they shouldn't be doing something, that they shouldn't be inquiring, but then they could talk to a machine that can riff with them and be creative with them, I think is very powerful. And I know this sounds a little bizarre. Give them a little bit of intellectual companionship that they might not be getting in their family or at school, which unfortunately is happening way too often. Now, there are definitely people, including students, that if they could take a shortcut, they will take a shortcut. But I don't think those are the kids that were, you know, somehow magically engaged to begin with.

• 26:22Speaker 02

  And so I think that's where, and I do think most people are creative. Most people can be engaged. I think the traditional systems and some of the peer pressure in schools.

• 26:33Speaker 02

  Try to kind of squelch that out of people. But there are also ways, making, making tools for people to tap into their creativity and tap into their learning better is, I think, a net positive. And then the question is, how do you get more people to engage that way?

• 26:49Ed Mylett?

  Hmm. It's interesting, as an athlete, I think of all these guys that I played against that were better than me. But for whatever reason, family issues, financial issues, distraction took them out. And so I end up doing pretty well as an athlete, but I wasn't really the most, I didn't have the most aptitude. And he makes the point in the book that instead of now in a few hundred years, instead of having one Mozart, we could have a thousand, instead of having one Einstein, we could have a thousand. And that is one of the great advantages of this is that it, it does level the playing field for those that maybe come from a more disadvantaged place or a distracted place, a dysfunctional family, a dysfunctional environment. My challenge with AI, now we're going to step back on the AI question for you because you, Peter Diamandis,

• 27:33Ed Mylett?

  have sort of this positive outlook. I've had Mo Goddard on, who's a little bit more trepidatious, I think, about things. And so this last weekend I was in Arizona and it just struck me, two things happened. One, I was at my son's college graduation and it was beautiful and proud of him. He graduated with honors and I, I was sitting there thinking, I wonder if this structure exists 20 years from now? Like a physical place he goes, you go through here for four years, there's a ceremony at the end. I just sat there wondering, am I watching something that's going to disappear? Like Blockbuster Video, for example, right? And, and then we were driving out of there and literally on the way back, there was a car next to us

• 28:16Ed Mylett?

  that was an Uber with nobody driving it, which is like freaked me out, but I'm looking at going, I don't even know that I would get in there, but it has replaced the need. We went from taxis to Ubers, that was innovative, didn't need a taxi cab driver anymore. Now we don't even need the driver. Then when we left, we were at the airport and I went in and there were three people working there. Yet they had these computers that are AI generated computers where you would scan all of your goods. So nobody really even checked you out of the store, which as an entrepreneur, they still had three people working there. I'm thinking, I don't know what these three people are doing here. They don't, they're literally just monitoring the AI, so to speak, the machine. And I thought to myself, long term, someone owns one of these businesses is not going to pay the driver. Long term, you're not going to pay three people to man your store. You'll pay

• 28:59Ed Mylett?

  one to make sure everything doesn't break down. And so when it comes to teaching, in the book, you say, I don't think this eliminates the need for teachers. Candidly, I'm not sure I'm persuaded to believe that just yet. That this, this technology isn't going to completely eliminate or wipe out lots of different careers and sectors of work. So make the case, do you believe some are just going to be eliminated? And why won't it be teachers?

• 29:28Speaker 02

  So I definitely think there's going to be job dislocations. And if, if I were to take even an education lens, you know, there are these offices, we all remember from like universities, you know, you'd walk down these hallways, you're like, what do all these people do in these hallways? They weren't professors. There were some type of registrar's office, or this office, or that office. I think AI will be able to do a lot of that work. On the teaching side, or the being a professor, it depends what we consider being a teacher. If, if the role of the teacher is nothing but giving lectures, making assignments and grading papers. Yeah, I think AI is going to be able to do that. And I think the good news is that that's going to raise the floor for a lot of folks who did not have access to world-class information, world-class practice

• 30:12Speaker 02

  and assessment, world-class feedback. AI is going to be able to give it that. But I think any, any great teacher, that's not what they are about. They are really about forming human connections with their students, mentoring their students, acting as coaches for them, being able to do more small group interventions, being able to orchestrate really engaging conversations, simulations, games in the classroom. And so I think any teacher who indexes there, and then leverages the AI to do everything else, not only are they going to be very relevant, they're going to be very important. And I also think they're going to enjoy their job more than ever.

• 30:50Ed Mylett?

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• 31:35Ed Mylett?

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• 32:18Ed Mylett?

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• 32:52Ed Mylett?

  If Nadia was her age now, what advice would you be giving with her about the rest of her life and her career as it relates to this new revolution?

• 33:03Speaker 02

  Yeah, well, my, my daughter is exactly the age that Nadia was, so she's 12, so I definitely see the parallels. But there, there is something about being the father versus the cousin that's not as engaging, so I'm, I'm dealing with that. But the, um, I'm encouraged, I'm still a traditionalist, and I write about this in the book. I, I think it's even more imperative for someone to be excellent at the traditional skills, reading comprehension, written and oral communication, solid content knowledge, critical thinking, mathematical skills.

• 33:38Speaker 02

  Not, and a lot of people say, well, why are you saying that? AI is going to be able to do a lot of that. I was like, AI is going to need someone to manage it. And those who can elevate above the AI, or at least keep up with the AI, they're going to be the, in the best position to leverage the AI, they're going to become wildly productive. And there's going to be elements of the AI that, you know, we're, we're talking about decades before the AI is going to be good at where you're going to need people who interface with the real world and interface with the AI. But once again, they're going to have to understand the work that the AI is doing. They're going to have to be able to put those pieces together. But to do that, you're going to have to be even better academically at all of these things. And there's other areas that, as we mentioned, it's not traditionally in the academic system, entrepreneurship, you know, entrepreneurship.

• 34:19Speaker 02

  If you, if you think about it as a factor of production in, in economics, it's the ability to put pieces together that already exist in ways that create value. That's going to be the ultimate skill, because there's going to be even better pieces to put together, better Lego building blocks with, with, with the AI. So that's what I'm telling my kids, you know, my, my son is finishing his freshman year in high school, and he loves piano, he loves coding. I've, I've been encouraging him, look, take your piano, compose stuff, maybe use AI to make music videos. Have creative expression for it. For his coding, I'm like, look, Use AI before whatever your aspirations are, you can now start making professional level games or applications that you didn't even think were possible before.

• 35:04Speaker 02

  I'm also encouraging him to teach other people so that he builds those very human skills that aren't necessarily developed in a traditional academic environment. We have a platform, another nonprofit called Schoolhouse.world, which is all about free tutoring. The way that we give free tutoring over Zoom is you have vetted volunteer tutors. So I'm trying to get him to be a vetted volunteer tutor so that he can give back and learn to communicate and lead folks. But I think if you develop those types of skills, you're going to be in good shape.

• 35:30Ed Mylett?

  Are there any industries, I'm putting, pinning you down here, any industries that you, with your vision, because Khan Academy, even though you say it's, you know, I saw this pattern, I kind of stumbled into it, you're a visionary, you saw a need, you saw where the future was. It's like they say in hockey, I don't know if Gretzky was the greatest player, but everybody else skates where the puck is. He was skating to where the puck was going. Where do you think the puck is going in terms of careers? If there was, if there, are there industries that you say this is going to be an industry? If you pursued it and chased it, you're going to be in great shape when it comes to AI? And are there one or two where you're like, you know, my sense is these are going to be in some trouble?

• 36:07Speaker 02

  I would say whether we call it engineering, computer science, you know, a lot of people are skeptical because like, hey, these AIs can code better than they can do almost everything else. But if you're good at it, I remember I graduated with a CS degree and a master's back in the late 90s. And I remember everyone telling me that, hey, your job is going to get outsourced to India, you should do something else. And that's one of the reasons why I went to business school. But if you look at the last 20 years since then, the inflation adjusted salaries for engineers has gone through the roof. When, you know, I went to, I became a hedge fund analyst because I thought that's how I could, you know, pay off my debt versus working as an engineer. Now, the best way to pay off your debt is go get some stock and work as an engineer. I think that trend is going to continue.

• 36:51Speaker 02

  Even at Khan Academy, we've seen that phenomenon. We're already seeing our engineers get two or three X productivity from these AI tools. To me, that's not told us, oh, we only need one third as many engineers. We're saying we need three times as many engineers because we can, we can now do so much more. The, the return on, on investment from hiring more engineers now is even better. So I think you're going to see that type of an accelerant. I think anyone, you don't have to be a formal engineer, but who has that, that type of thinking? Where they can put the pieces together to make something work? I think is very, very powerful. So, you know, your point about whether universities in the traditional sense are going to exist.

• 37:33Speaker 02

  I think they are going to exist in some way, shape or form, but you're going to have many other alternative paths. And I've been a big proponent of competency based learning. It shouldn't be you sat in a chair for four years and now we're going to give you a diploma that might mean something. It should be, hey, here are the skills that matter. You should try to learn them and prove that you know them. If you haven't proved, proved it yet, or have, if you fail the first time, try again next month. And I can imagine, you, you already see this in fields like engineering and software engineering, because there's such a shortage. That there's alternative paths. I'm trying to, actually my 15 year old, I'm trying to get him to do one of these. Software engineering camps that even people with engineering degrees do, because the, the universities aren't teaching them. How to actually be a professional software engineer.

• 38:16Speaker 02

  Uh, but if he does that, when he's 16 or 17, he could actually go make six figures. And then if he wants to go to college, he can go to college and, you know, he'll be able to treat his friends to dinner.

• 38:28Speaker 02

  That's how you want to make your friends, but, um, so I think you're going to have other, other pathways other than the four year degree. And it's going to put pressure on a four year degree that costs. 200, $300,000 has a four year opportunity cost to, to get a little bit more innovative.

• 38:43Ed Mylett?

  It is, I, we share that opinion. I, I was thinking about, you know, in college sports now, these guys have their NIL deals and they can make more money younger. The two things that I'm, I want everybody to hear is that if you have a young person in your life, there's going to be an opportunity. More and more, the world has been innovative that younger and younger people can get wealthier and wealthier, frankly. Uh, you look at Zuck or Cuban or Musk or whoever, right? Even in my case, I got pretty wealthy young, not on their level, but younger and younger. And I know a lot of influencers sort of teach be patient, but there's a chance now as a young person. If you're entrepreneurial and innovative, or even if you've got these unique skills, you can start to make an awful lot of money much younger in life. The other applications, if you're middle aged or a little bit older. Making a pivot in your career and learning a new trade or a new craft or a new skill is

• 39:28Ed Mylett?

  going to become so much more accessible to so many of you to change your life in midlife than it was before when this access wasn't there. The reason I wanted you on the show back in the day, Sal, was this a question about you. And please, you know, I know you have a great deal of humility, but the more I read about you years ago, I'm like, okay, here's this really brilliant man. He could have taken his life and stayed at a hedge fund or started his own one or, and I don't know that, I don't know if Khan Academy has made you an extremely wealthy man or not, but I do know if you applied yourself and wanted to build massive wealth, if that was the course you wanted to take in your life, by this age, you could be in the conversation with

• 40:10Ed Mylett?

  these other titans of innovation in the world. You clearly made a decision as a pretty young man to pursue, I think, passion and cause over net worth. At least it appears that way to me. Is that true? And if so, why? Like, was that a conscious decision you made? And are you happy that you made it in hindsight?

• 40:32Speaker 02

  Most of the time, you know, the, and no, I'm not independently wealthy in that sense, but because Khan Academy is a not-for-profit, you own as much of Khan Academy as I do. I get a salary from the board. I think a very generous one, more than I expected to make when I started this as a nonprofit, but yeah, I have a solidly upper-middle-class lifestyle now, but I'm very happy with it. You know, my, my decision back in 2008, 2009 to work on this full-time, I just dug deep and said, well, what makes me happy? And I was like, well, you know, as long as I have my, my friends and family, we have the resources where I don't, you know, I did, we, I grew up fairly, you know, my, my, grew up in a single mother household. We didn't have a lot. So I,

• 41:17Speaker 02

  I did, and frankly, still do have some insecurities about, you know, when, when financial stress gets too much. But I said, look, as long as we can get a, have a 2,000 square foot house, have a couple of cars in the garage, go out to eat every now and then, go on vacations every now and then, nothing ostentatious. And, you know, I have my friends, my family and my health, and I get to work on something I care about. That's wealth. That's, that's the ultimate. And, you know, everything else would, would, you know, I don't really need much more than that. And that's when I, I quit my day job to start working on Khan Academy and.

• 41:53Speaker 02

  You know, every now and then,

• 41:56Speaker 02

  I, you know, I, I, I might look at, at like, oh,

• 42:01Speaker 02

  a peer startup with much less scale, et cetera, might be worth X, Y, or Z. But then I just think about, well, what, what would I, what would I do with all of that? And I just remind myself, I forgot who said this, but it was, I think it was the 19th century. Some author wrote, you know, I have something that many of these billionaires, at the time, I think he said millionaires will never have. And then the interviewer said, what? And he said, I have enough. And it's, I, I have more than enough, you know? I, I, I click my heels every day to work and I, I feel blessed every moment. And I think that's very, very few people on the, on the planet get to feel that way.

• 42:37Ed Mylett?

  I admire that tremendously. That's an easy thing to say, everybody, like in hindsight, but when you have the capacity that Sal has to have made that decision is a really noble decision. And to live it out every single day of your life, as you see peers of yours with way less scale that haven't reached 165 million people with transformation, build massive wealth. And I've always wanted to ask you that, because I've admired it so much from a distance. So just want to acknowledge you for that, brother. The, the work you do in the world clearly matters. And I think when you're doing it, like you said, maybe you don't feel the impact of it because you're in the day to day grind, but just know as a, as a fan of yours, looking back at you, I have so much admiration for the way that you've decided to serve and live your life.

• 43:22Ed Mylett?

  So I just want to acknowledge that.

• 43:24Speaker 02

  No, I appreciate that, but yeah.

• 43:25Ed Mylett?

  Yeah, it's really true.

• 43:26Speaker 02

  I'm having a good time.

• 43:28Ed Mylett?

  Good. I'm having a good time doing this interview. I, I just gotta be honest with you.

• 44:04Ed Mylett?

  Let me ask you this, I'm gonna poke a little deeper. What are your fears about the next five or 10 years of AI? Like if someone said, I've seen you talk a little bit about this, but you've covered most of the positive things. Clearly, you're a bright enough man to know there are risks that come with revolution and innovation. What are they in your mind?

• 44:25Speaker 02

  Oh, and there's some things to be afraid of, to be sure. I am very afraid of what we're gonna be able to do with, what bad actors are gonna do with deep fakes. You're already seeing cases of fraud where, you know, you get a phone call from, it sounds like your child says that they're arrested. It's interacting with you. They're trying to get you to, you know, send bail money. It's fraud. You're already seeing, unfortunately, you know, people creating deep fakes of their classmates doing things and putting it on social media. That stuff is scary. And I don't have all the solutions on how to fix that. I think you're going to have state actors using AI and deep fakes, but not just deep fakes,

• 45:09Speaker 02

  just AI's ability to seem very human, to manipulate people, to affect society. You could imagine, imagine if you saw videos of people waiting outside at their bank and they're not getting their money and it's all fake. Well, then it could create a run on banks. So these could be very, very serious things. So I'm very worried about that. I'm also worried about the economic dislocation. You know, I talked about who's safe, who's not safe. You know, if you're a copyright editor or a copywriter, you're writing text. If you're working at a call center, you're doing medical transcription.

• 45:48Speaker 02

  Or if you are a, let's call it a middling software engineer. You're not a great software engineer. You're kind of middle of the pack. I think, I think that's going to be a tough economy. And so hopefully there's net new jobs that are more human centric that the AI can't do. That's my hope, but I'm not sure if that's going to be the case. So that, we have to be on top of that. I'm afraid, you know, the pace of change is so fast. You know, I feel like I'm in the middle of it. You know, the, the, the people doing the research at OpenAI and Microsoft and Google like are texting me and slacking me on a regular basis. So I feel like I'm plugged in. But even I feel like I'm falling behind. Every day, someone in my team says, what about this?

• 46:32Speaker 02

  I'm like, oh, my God, we're not going to be able to incorporate that for another six months. But will that be too late? Um, so I, I worry that when the, the change is so fast and it's accelerating, you know, people have been talking about the singularity for 30 years now. We are in it and we, you know, I feel it every day that it's like what I thought, what I thought last year would take a year ended up taking two months. And then two months later, what I thought would take now two months is now taking two weeks. So it's, it's, it's, it's accelerating. So anytime change like that happens, you just, like, you just don't feel in control as much. Um, and I weren't, you know, in, in the education realm, but I guess this is more broadly. I worry about AI not being used well. And then people throw out the baby with the bathwater.

• 47:17Speaker 02

  And then the real problem there is the bad actors aren't going to slow down at all. And then the good actors are going to slow down because out of fear. And then it's just going to get worse and worse.

• 47:27Ed Mylett?

  What's the separator then? Like it, it, I feel like it used to be if I knew more than you in life, you know, if I had more information than you, if I was better educated than you. This is an overall general statement and it's not an easy one to answer. But to some extent, access to that is now levelized in an instant. And that's an overall generalization. And by the way, that's sort of been the case the last decade and a half in the world anyway. So in your mind, what is a separator skill somebody needs in, in culture now to succeed, to prosper, to, to increase their lifestyle, to increase their impact?

• 48:07Speaker 02

  It's entrepreneurship in the, in the purest of forms. And you mentioned this has been, been the case the last 15 years. You can think of someone like, you know, a Justin Bieber would not have been discovered if not for YouTube. Um, I to some degree would not have been discovered if not for YouTube. You can think of people like Mr. Beast that, you know, who's now has whatever hundreds of millions of subscribers and is making probably similar orders of magnitude of money. Before, if we go back 20 or 30 years, there were all these gatekeepers, uh, these, you know, these tastemakers who would decide who's in and who's out regardless of how entrepreneurial that person was, no matter how skilled that person was. But then the internet democratized that dramatically. Now you still do have bottlenecks because a lot of things are very capital intensive.

• 48:52Speaker 02

  If I, if, if I want to make a great movie, it still costs a hundred million dollars maybe to make that movie. I have to go still through the tastemakers, through those, through those, the production houses, the movie studios. I, I, I thought it was funny, the, the bait with the, uh, the Screen Writers Guild. I thought it should have gone the other way around. The, the production houses should have been afraid that the screenwriters are going to start using AI to produce the entire movie. Because why do they need the production house anymore? If they can take an amazing story, it's those people with an amazing sense of story. And if they have a vision for what they want to create, they're not going to have to raise a hundred million dollars anymore. They're going to be able to do that movie for a hundred thousand dollars. And then you're just going to have more, and there's going to be a lot of, when, when you lower the, the, the hurdles,

• 49:34Speaker 02

  you're going to have a lot of crap out there and you see that on YouTube and on the internet. But you're also going to get a lot more good stuff that's going to get discovered, it's going to get surfaced. So, so, so, yeah, I, I, I think it's a, uh, it, it, it's generally, is that pure raw entrepreneurship is going to become even more and more valuable. You know, in the past, things like going to getting a college degree, having brands on your resume, whether it's college brands or graduate school or employer brands on your resume. It was a signal to the tastemakers, to the gatekeepers that, oh, I, you know, I, I'm hiring a hedge fund analyst. Let me get that kid from Harvard Business School who seems to know what, what they're doing.

• 50:14Speaker 02

  And you won't even look at kids from someplace else, but as, as these tools democratize the ability to, to, to do things, you're going to have more and more people not have to go through these gatekeepers, not have to go through those same doors. They're going to be able to prove on their own, uh, that they're capable.

• 50:30Ed Mylett?

  Gosh, just blows my mind. A couple of last questions. I'm just sitting here processing everything you're saying. I'm like, we aren't really in the middle because my world isn't your world every day, right? Like this hasn't impacted me much yet. And quite frankly, I think the vast majority of the people that listen to my show, haven't felt the impact of this yet. And that when I do a show like today, I want to make sure they have context for it. Like this is here, this is coming, where this isn't pie in the sky, everybody. Like it may not have hit your real estate business yet, or your mortgage company yet, or your insurance business yet, or. Your gym yet, but there is an impact and an application and to get educated about this.

• 51:12Ed Mylett?

  I mean, go to chat GPT and just play with it, for example, just see it, just experience it.

• 51:18Ed Mylett?

  I guess my last question would be. The human being, right? Someone said to me the other day, I told him I was interviewing you and they said, please ask him about like, can't avatars just do all of this work now? In other words, why would a human being, if I'm, if there's a school teacher like I, why would I not just have the avatar of a school teacher? That avatar doesn't have a bad day. That avatar didn't have a disagreement with their spouse that morning. Right? That avatar doesn't get sick. Every single day. So the need for the human over that avatar in general will always be what? I know it feels like I've sort of touched on this with you, but specifically everybody, you could take an avatar of me right now and I could come give a speech to your company.

• 52:01Ed Mylett?

  I could do a Q and A afterwards that's better than the Q and A, maybe that I would do if I weren't having a very good day. In my mind, in my business, that does to some extent kind of freak me out a little bit. So the overall, okay, everyone think about that, the avatar version of you. And anything you do, unless it's a physical thing like lifting a weight. What, what, why do we not need to worry about that in general? I know it's a little bit repetitive, but it's asked in a different way because that's what it looks like.

• 52:30Speaker 02

  Yeah. And look, even the lifting weight, I've been told that the robotics is the next big inflection point that's about to hit. It's going to be like a science fiction book. But the. My view, you're right. And maybe not today, but we can imagine three to five years, you are going to have, you are going to be able to zoom with an AI that can look at you, interact with you. It's going to feel. Like an amazing. Teacher or coach or coworker. I still think that at least in the teaching context. It's going to be better to have both. That you're going to have the in-person tutor, at the end of the day, there's just something. There's, there's just very, there's something very powerful that there's another sentient

• 53:11Speaker 02

  human being that is taking the time to care about me and that I have connected with. And no matter how good the AI gets, you're, you're going to say, huh. I mean, it's kind of like machine made versus handmade. Um, we still value, you know, if you look at a, if you look at a painting and, and we'll pay, you know, today we'll pay a hundred times more for a, for a original painting than for a print. Why? Cause you, you're like, oh, there was a real sentient person who stood there and this was their real creative expression. And I think that's even more important when you're talking about someone who's looking you in the eye, even if the AI can pretend to look you in the eye, but someone who's actually looking you in the eye, who's actually emoting with you, who's actually hugging you. Um, I think it's going to pay huge dividends.

• 53:53Speaker 02

  Uh, you know, there's, there's, I, I've heard, I don't know if this is true. Well, I, I'll, I'll tamper, I'll, I'll taper what I was about to say. There's, there's, we, we think there's five senses, but there's millions of subtle cues we're constantly getting from other people, many of which are, are, are probably subconscious, you know, like I, I, I don't consciously smell someone else's pheromones, but maybe it's happening subconsciously. Or there's all sorts of, of, of gestures and things that I can't even consciously articulate. That stuff's happening. And look, I actually think the AI is going to get pretty good at some of that too, because it's going to train on a lot of things that we're not going to necessarily pick up. But I've got to believe being in the room with someone, knowing that other person is sentient, they're taking the time to care about me is going to make it,

• 54:36Speaker 02

  pay a huge, uh, psychological dividend. And if that person can be augmented with avatar versions of themselves, well, that's awesome too.

• 54:45Ed Mylett?

  Wow. What a crazy, crazy conversation. You guys, uh, brave new words for me. You know, you read a book, you're like, I've read this book before. Okay. This book you've not ever read before because these times haven't existed prior. And one, the way that, what I love about Sal is the way in which he writes is easy for everybody to read. And he's taken a pretty complicated topic and made it very digestible and simple to understand. There's solutions and the problems are stated in the book. There's a vision in the book as well for the future. And I just think that the book is outstanding. I can't recommend the book enough, everybody. It's called Brave New Words. And I got to tell you, brother, you're one of the people that's moved culture and society forward over the last 10, 15 years in this country, around the world.

• 55:30Ed Mylett?

  Actually, not just this country, around the world. And I'm just grateful you exist. I'm grateful you made the decision you made many, many years ago with Nadia and that it's taken off to this point. And I'd love to have you back on another year or two and just update on where all this stuff is now and you can point us to the future then as well. I'd love that.

• 55:48Speaker 02

  No, well, I really enjoyed this conversation and let's do that. And I think in a year, we'll have a lot more to talk about. Things are, things are moving fast.

• 55:55Ed Mylett?

  I do too, you guys, I do too. Hey, everybody, this is one of those shows. I'd listen to it two times because there's so much in here. And just start to get your head around this, guys. We're moving into a new world. We're living in it now. And it's people like Sal that can guide you through it. Hey, guys, check out Khan Academy. Make sure you do that and make sure you get the book Brave New Words. All right, God bless you, everybody. Max out.