He Was Told It Was a Job. It Was His Kidney They Wanted.

In 2021, a Nigerian man heard from a friend who offered him a job opportunity in the U. K. After he arrived he was taken to a hospital, where he found out that he wasn’t there for a job at all - but instead, for a kidney transplant. Today, Phoebe interviews journalist Alexis Okeowo about an organ trafficking scandal involving one of Nigeria’s most senior politicians. You can read Alexis Okeowo’s piece for the Guardian here. You can also watch this interview at youtube.com/criminalpodcast. Say hello on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TikTok⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Sign up for our ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠occasional newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Follow the show and review us on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Apple Podcasts⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Sign up for Criminal Plus⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to get behind-the-scenes bonus episodes of Criminal, ad-free listening of all of our shows, invitations to virtual events, special merch deals, and more. We also make ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠This is Love⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Phoebe Reads a Mystery⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Check out ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠our online shop⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:02Speaker 00

  I'm Ina Garten, and each week on Happy Hour, I invite new and old friends for a drink and a fun conversation at my kitchen table in New York City. On this week's episode, I'm joined by Julia Louis-Dreyfus. We talk all about attending a fashion show in Paris together, throwing dinner parties, and making her Broadway debut in other desert cities. New episodes of Happy Hour are available every Wednesday. You can watch on YouTube or listen wherever you get your podcasts. Cheers.

• 0:40Speaker 01

  How far would you go to have a healthy baby?

• 0:42Speaker 02

  Embryo editing is very much illegal in the United States. It is illegal in most countries. But there is growing interest as the technology has gotten better.

• 0:54Speaker 01

  This week on Explain It To Me, the ethics of embryo maxing. Listen to new episodes Sundays wherever you get your podcasts.

• 1:10Speaker 03

  I think a lot of people get empathized with the fact that they were worried about their daughter. They wanted to save her life. But there is just such a callousness to the way they were speaking about sort of targeting young, poor, vulnerable men for their organs.

• 1:27Phoebe Judge?

  I'm Phoebe Judge, and today I'm talking with journalist Alexis Okeowo. She recently wrote a piece for The Guardian titled, "The Body Snatchers," about organ trafficking and an Nigerian politician who's now behind bars in the UK. Thanks very much for being here.

• 1:43Speaker 03

  Thanks for having me.

• 1:45Phoebe Judge?

  So let's just start with you telling me a little bit about the family at the center of this story, the Karamadu family. Who are they?

• 1:56Speaker 03

  Yeah, the Karamadus are and have been a well-known, well-regarded family in Nigeria. The father, Eke, is a famous, was a famous politician. He was a long-running senator. His family was also very wealthy. Like many Nigerian politicians, he had homes in Nigeria, the UK, the UAE. And his children grew up in that lifestyle. They went to boarding schools in the UK and lived a very nice life.

• 2:30Phoebe Judge?

  And his daughter, Sonia, as you say, had spent a large portion of her life in the UK going to boarding schools. When did the family learn that Sonia was sick?

• 2:43Speaker 03

  So Sonia had graduated from university in the UK and then had gone on to start a master's degree. And early on in that time, she began to feel sick. She would have fainting spells. And so her family took her to the doctors, and they were told that she has a really severe form of kidney disease. And after a certain amount of evaluations, they were told that she would either have to start dialysis or have an immediate kidney transplant. And so she started dialysis. But dialysis is something that really can only be done for so long.

• 3:25Speaker 03

  The ultimate goal was that Sonia would need a new kidney.

• 3:29Phoebe Judge?

  And what is the organ transplant system like in the UK? Is there a list like there is here in the US where you get priority depending on the severity, your age?

• 3:41Speaker 03

  Yes, it's similar. But also like the US, there's often a long time to get it, especially because there is a lot of demand for not that much supply. And the thing is, is that Sonia actually is Nigerian. She was in the UK for schooling. But in Nigeria, the kidney transplant process was basically nonexistent. And so there was someone I talked to who said, basically, if you get kidney disease in Nigeria, which is quite prevalent in the country, actually, it's a death sentence. Because there's no real sort of transplant registry, sort of system.

• 4:24Speaker 03

  Most Nigerians who get transplants have to do them abroad.

• 4:27Phoebe Judge?

  How long did Sonia anticipate that she would be waiting for a new kidney in the UK?

• 4:33Speaker 03

  Well, I'm not sure how long she thought she'd wait. But I know that the typical waiting period is around three years, I would say, from what I've read. But I know because of the severity of her disease, her family wanted a solution right away. Because you just don't know what will happen in those years of waiting.

• 4:58Phoebe Judge?

  Rather than waiting on the list, Sonia's family decided to take a different path. What did they decide to do?

• 5:06Speaker 03

  They decided to make a transplant happen as soon as possible. And to do that, they sought out someone they knew who had also gotten a transplant in the UK.

• 5:19Phoebe Judge?

  Who was this man that they reached out to?

• 5:22Speaker 03

  So the man they reached out to, so I'll say, so Eke, the senator. He is very close with his brother named Diwe, who's a doctor, Nigerian doctor. And once, and Diwe had been involved in getting Sonia to the doctors in the UK, finding out her diagnosis. And so once they learned they needed a transplant, Diwe then reached out to his old medical school classmate, a guy named Obina Obeta. And Obina Obeta is a Nigerian doctor who had kidney disease. But then, the year before, had gotten a successful kidney transplant at a hospital in the UK called the Royal Free and seemed to be doing better.

• 6:07Speaker 03

  So Diwe reached out to him and said, "How did you do that?"

• 6:11Phoebe Judge?

  Where did Obina get his kidney from?

• 6:14Speaker 03

  So Obina had reached out to, and we're still not sure how he found this man, but he had reached out to a young man who worked in a market in Lagos, the commercial capital of Nigeria, and had reached out to him with a proposition, basically saying that if this young man gave him his kidney, he would get him to the UK, possibly pay him and introduce him to a new life.

• 6:47Phoebe Judge?

  So they're connected with Obina. And what does he offer to do for them?

• 6:54Speaker 03

  So Obina says, "Sure, I'll help for a fee. I'll help you find another young man, like the man who gave me my kidney."

• 7:04Phoebe Judge?

  How does he go about finding this kidney?

• 7:08Speaker 03

  So the young man who he reached out to, who I'll call Ben, worked in a market in Lagos, as I said, before going to the UK to give his kidney. And while he had worked in that market in Lagos, he had friends, other sellers. And one of those friends was a really young man named Daniel, or who I'm calling Daniel. And Daniel was 21 years old, had come from a village in southern Nigeria, come to work in the market, was selling cellphone accessories in a wheelbarrow. He was a sweet guy who looked like a teenager.

• 7:52Speaker 03

  And Ben reached out to his old friend, Daniel, and said, "Hey, I have an opportunity for you. I'm in the UK." Ben had sent Daniel and some of their friends videos of him dancing, having fun in London. And he says, "Hey, are you interested? Do you want to come to London, too?"

• 8:14Phoebe Judge?

  And what did he offer him? I mean, what was, to get a job? Or did he mention, "Come here for a kidney transplant"?

• 8:23Speaker 03

  No, he basically implied that it was a job. And so Daniel said, "Sure, of course, I'm interested." And then the next thing was that Daniel heard from Obina. And Obina said, Obina kept it pretty vague. He said that he had opportunity for him, again, implying that it was a job, that he would be like Ben. And he said, "You just have to do a couple of things before we can get you the visa." And those things were medical tests. And so for the next, I don't know, I would say, a couple of weeks, Daniel would travel to Abuja, the capital, to get various blood tests, medical tests,

• 9:08Speaker 03

  under the guise of him thinking this was all for his visa to go to the UK.

• 9:13Phoebe Judge?

  Once he gets to England, he gets the visa, gets to England, what happens?

• 9:20Speaker 03

  So he arrives, and he meets for the first time, Obina, face to face. He's taken to Obina's house, where Obina lives with his wife and his children. His passport is taken away. He's given a spot to sleep in the living room. He starts doing chores around the house. And he's not really sure what's going on. He just knows it doesn't feel right. But he's still thinking, "Okay, let me see where this goes." Ben told me that this is an opportunity, so I'm going to see what happens. A few days later, he and Obina

• 10:01Speaker 03

  go to have lunch with Sonia and Sonia's mother, Beatrice. But he doesn't know who they are. They just have lunch, they take a photo. And then shortly after that...

• 10:15Speaker 03

  Daniel's taken to the hospital for his first interview about the kidney transplant.

• 10:20Phoebe Judge?

  So has anyone at this point said to him, you're actually here for, when, when was kidney, the word kidney first mentioned to Daniel?

• 10:28Speaker 03

  It's kind of remarkable how long it took, according to Daniel, for the word kidney to be mentioned, because he was in Nigeria. He took all these medical tests. He, we later discovered that on his visa application, it was written that, hi, my name is so and so. I'm going to the UK to donate a kidney to so and so. But he didn't know that because he didn't compile his own visa application. Then he gets to Obina's house. He's staying there. Again, nothing is being said, according to him. Then he actually has lunch with Sonia and her mother and Obina. And he says later in testimony that Sonia and her mother seemed

• 11:10Speaker 03

  scared, but there was still no direct conversation about what was happening. They took a photo, which we later learned was going to be used as proof that they somehow had a pre-existing relationship. But he was just sort of, you know, he was going along. He was, he was this, really a village boy, you know, in this big city, just sort of along for the ride. And then finally, we get to the hospital. And this is the time of his first interview with the doctor who was in charge of Sonia's case at the Royal Free Hospital. And he goes

• 11:50Speaker 03

  in, and they've assigned him an interpreter, who is this Nigerian secretary at the hospital. And we later learned that Nigerian secretary is also working with Obina to, and Obina and the Akaramados to coach Daniel on what to say. But again, this is all being done without Daniel knowing what's happening. So basically during this first interview, when the doctor starts talking about the transplant, is when Daniel was like, wait, what the hell's going, what's going on? And he's, he later says, he started getting scared. He almost started crying. He was like, wait, wait, wait. I don't know anything about this.

• 12:35Speaker 03

  And the doctor later said, oh, wow, you know, it seemed this was the first time he had ever heard about the transplant. And he started trying to calm him down, saying, no, like, don't worry, we're not going to do anything you don't want to do.

• 12:49Phoebe Judge?

  After that first interview, Daniel speaks with Obina, asks, you know, how, how did it go? And Daniel, I assume, says, what are you talking, why am I here? What, I never, and what does Obina say to him?

• 13:05Speaker 03

  Yes, Obina says, well, listen, we actually brought you here for this kidney transplant. And if you go through with it, I'll pay you this nominal amount of money, you know, but just do it and you'll get paid.

• 13:21Phoebe Judge?

  But now Daniel has said to the hospital, and during that first interview, I don't know what I'm here. I don't, this is the first I'm hearing of this. So the, the hospital is aware, maybe that something's going on. A few weeks later, the hospital kind of makes a deciding factor and says, no, this is, there's something fishy. This is coercion. We're not, we're not going to let this transplant happen. But Daniel is still in the UK, living with Obina.

• 13:48Speaker 03

  Exactly. You know, because after that first interview, I don't know if it was delusion or what, but the Akaramados and Obina still thought maybe they could salvage this. So they were keeping Daniel around, because there was actually a second interview. But, you know, as I learned, even before that second interview, the first doctor had told his colleague, this is just a formality. This isn't going to happen. You know, he's just, you know, this, he seems like he's being coerced.

• 14:20Phoebe Judge?

  So, once the, the Royal Free Hospital says, this is not happening, Daniel's still at Obina's house, and, and someone comes to examine him there and says, you're still going to have a transplant, but we'll go back to Nigeria. If we can't get it done here, we'll just get it done in Nigeria.

• 14:41Speaker 03

  Yes. So, right after they receive the decision that the transplant won't be happening at the Royal Free Hospital in London, Obina has a doctor friend and someone else come over and examine Daniel. I think they're trying to figure out, is there something physically wrong? Because they weren't, I'm not sure if they were really told why the transplant is not happening. So they wanted to examine him to see if he was still fit to be considered elsewhere as a donor. So as they were doing that, you know, Daniel later said, I was, you know, I was shocked. I was afraid, like, I thought this was over. Now they're still trying to see if I could be suitable. And they're talking about doing it in Nigeria,

• 15:25Speaker 03

  where some transplants do happen. And then after that examination, Obina says to Daniel, here's a return ticket. You're going to go back to Nigeria on this date, and we'll see what happens there. And, you know, Daniel's frightened. He's thinking, I can't go back. And I'm sure he's thinking that for various reasons. A, you know, I can't go through with a transplant. And also, he had sold all of his, his, his business, you know, in Lagos. He had left his life there. And so he was, you know, feeling confused and upset over these, over these two things.

• 16:10Phoebe Judge?

  So they, they, he goes to the airport to get on the flight back. And, and what happens?

• 16:16Speaker 03

  He goes back with a family friend of Obina's, who escorts him to the airport. And when there, he realizes he can't go, so he flees. He leaves the airport. He only has, you know, less than 30 pounds in cash, his iPhone, some AirPods. He walks for a couple of days. He's sleeping outside. He runs into a friendly stranger on the street who lets him come into his flat and take a hot shower and have some food. And then he eventually ends up at the police station.

• 16:53Phoebe Judge?

  We'll be right back. To listen without ads, join Criminal Plus at patreon.com/criminal.

• 17:07Speaker 05

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• 17:38Phoebe Judge?

  When Daniel goes to the police in London, what does he tell them?

• 17:42Speaker 03

  He tells them a story. He says that, he tells them he's only 15, which he did look 15. He tells them that, you know, he's, he's homeless, that he had been brought to the UK by someone, you know, who's abandoned him. He basically tells them this fictional story because he was afraid of being sent back to Nigeria. And so he wanted to paint himself as this vulnerable kid who needed help, which in a sense, he was. You know, they later get the real story out of him, but they then place him in protective custody. Because his life really was a threat from the people who had brought him to the UK

• 18:25Speaker 03

  and, and from the Akaramados, who have a lot of power and influence.

• 18:31Phoebe Judge?

  So in the meantime, the Akaramados have given up on Daniel for now, or this is probably not going to happen. And, and they, they are starting to make new plans. And the new plan is, we'll find a kidney in Turkey.

• 18:46Speaker 03

  At this point, the Akaramados are desperate, because this was supposed to be a sure thing. I mean, just the year prior, Obina had gotten his transplant at the same hospital with someone who was not related to him. And so they were not expecting this to happen at all. And so, yes, they're reaching out to contacts, who, where else can we go? They're talking to doctors in Turkey, which is actually a very popular spot for organ transplants. And they're also searching for new donors. And so at one point, EK sends photos of young men to the family group chat, of which Sonia is a member, and says, here's, here are some

• 19:31Speaker 03

  new potential donors. And Sonia responds and says, oh, I think the light-skinned one looks better than the dark-skinned one. He looks like he won't run away. And, you know, they all laugh about it. And, you know, EK is reassuring Sonia, oh, don't worry, you know, we had sort of one misstep, but we'll, we'll get this done. And, you know, I mean, obviously, I think a lot of people get empathized with the fact that they were worried about their daughter. They wanted to save her life. But there is just such a callousness to the way they were speaking about sort of targeting young, poor, vulnerable men for their organs.

• 20:15Phoebe Judge?

  And then they're arrested. Tell me about where that happened.

• 20:19Speaker 03

  So EK and his wife, Beatrice, were traveling from Turkey to London. They started in Nigeria, stopped off in Turkey. I can imagine to sort of talk about transplant potentials. And then, as soon as they landed at Heathrow, they were arrested. They had more than 30,000 pounds in cash on them. And they were, you know, both taken into custody. That same day, their daughter was arrested at their UK home.

• 20:51Phoebe Judge?

  What were they charged with?

• 20:52Speaker 03

  They were charged with conspiracy to, I'm paraphrasing, but conspiracy to commit organ trafficking. And so was Obina, who was arrested about a month later at his home in the UK.

• 21:08Phoebe Judge?

  How big of a deal was this story in Nigeria? I mean, the Karamadu name, EK is a big politician. Was this all over?

• 21:18Speaker 03

  This was all over because this was almost unprecedented. A Nigerian politician of his stature, of his reputation, being arrested. It just doesn't happen in Nigeria or abroad. It was on the TV news. It was headlines of newspapers. It was covered social media. It was constantly trending on every WhatsApp conversation across the diaspora. I actually found out about this story because my parents had been discussing it on their WhatsApp chats with friends in Nigeria. And they were like, Alexis, have you heard about this senator who was arrested for organ trafficking? And I hadn't.

• 22:03Speaker 03

  And, you know, it was shocking. Because, you know, it is still, it was the first time that anyone had been arrested in the UK for organ trafficking. It still is the only time. And it was a huge deal.

• 22:20Phoebe Judge?

  All four go on trial in London in 2023, and all pleaded not guilty. What happened at the trial?

• 22:34Speaker 03

  The trial was very revealing on a lot of different fronts. With EK and Beatrice, it was revealing because despite faced with all the evidence, they still saw themselves as the victims. You know, they were, they kept saying, this is not who we are. And they kept saying that they felt they had been tricked by Daniel because he had just wanted to use them to come to the UK. You know, completely ignoring sort of like his, his own story of not knowing what was happening and, and the exploitation that he was facing. And then it was also revealing to see that, you know, just learn more about what Obina

• 23:17Speaker 03

  Abeta had done before he even got connected with EK. The fact that the year prior to the attempted transplant with Daniel, he had gotten a young man from the same market, gotten him to the UK, pretended that he was a relative, successfully tricked a UK hospital into performing this procedure, and then had stayed on in the UK, you know, to sort of, you know, as undocumented immigrant with his family, overstayed his medical visa, and was just sort of working off the books. You know, it was remarkable because for all of the fact that the hospital had stopped

• 24:02Speaker 03

  this transplant of Daniel the year prior, they, it had gone through. And it kind of just illustrated, this is a huge issue that is really often not caught.

• 24:14Phoebe Judge?

  What evidence did prosecutors present against the Karamadas?

• 24:20Speaker 03

  So they had quite a bit. Beyond Daniel's testimony, they also had all electronic communications. So they had tons of WhatsApp messages from EK to Diwe, his brother, from Diwe to Obina, who was the middleman. And, you know, just talking about fees, talking about bribing the Nigerian medical secretary at the hospital so that she would help them, talking about, you know, compelling Daniel to do various things. Basically, their whole operation was laid out in WhatsApp.

• 24:59Speaker 03

  And Obina did admit to a lot of it as well, even though EK and Beatrice, you know, were sort of denying it. And Sonia, you know, Sonia was later found not guilty, but she, she did admit to, you know, it was very hard for them to deny what was in these messages. And it was very hard for them to deny, you know, the testimony of the doctors at the British hospital who said, you know, this is what we were told. These ended up being lies. And, you know, that was the, those were the facts.

• 25:40Phoebe Judge?

  EK, Beatrice, and Obina are convicted. Sonia is not. What were their sentences?

• 25:48Speaker 03

  So EK was convicted to almost 10 years. Beatrice to a little bit less than half that. And Obina Abeta to about 10 years as well. And actually, Beatrice has just completed, as of the beginning of this year, the custodial part of her sentence. And she was, she was released back to Nigeria. And EK's lawyers tried to get him extradited, or tried to get him released back to Nigeria to serve the rest of his sentence there. This was at the end of last year. And the UK denied it because, you know, they just, according to sources, they knew he

• 26:31Speaker 03

  would be released as soon as he was sent back there.

• 26:35Phoebe Judge?

  And what happened to Daniel, the man who had been lured over?

• 26:40Speaker 03

  So Daniel, Daniel's an interesting story. So Daniel is still under protective court order in the UK, which is quite serious because he cannot be named, his identity is kept anonymous. And technically, I and, you know, other journalists and other people are not allowed to try to reach him, which is, you know, is very serious. But I wanted to still find out who he was. And so I went to Nigeria and I talked to his friends and family. And they had heard, one of his best friends had heard from him a little bit while this saga was happening.

• 27:21Speaker 03

  But then as soon as the police put him into custody, they didn't hear from him for over two years, I want to say. And then last year, his father became sick in his village. And he called his family and friends there. They let him know what was happening. He gave a little bit of update on his life. He said he was doing OK, that he was finally in school, which is what he had always wanted. He was studying. He was doing well. He was sad about his father and wanted to help, but he said it wasn't safe for him to come back. And so towards later last year, his father died.

• 28:06Speaker 03

  His family and friends talked to him again and let him know the news. And Daniel was really upset, but he told them that, you know, he was doing OK. He was studying and he was happy to be able to do that.

• 28:20Phoebe Judge?

  Sonia Karamadu spoke with the BBC. What did she say about what happened?

• 28:26Speaker 03

  You know, it was an interesting interview because she had a lot of emotion, obviously, for her parents. She said she felt guilty that they had to go to these extreme lengths to find a donor for her and that they were now in prison because of it. But she also said that she didn't really feel much about Daniel in general. You know, she was sort of vaguely sorry for him, but she didn't really think about, you know, sort of think about him or have regard for him. And I think that kind of sort of illustrated the sort of whole problem with this, which

• 29:07Speaker 03

  was that the, her whole family was so focused on trying to help her, they didn't really care about anyone else. They didn't care about, you know, the vulnerable people they wanted to exploit. I mean, even during, you know, EK's trial, he was implying that Daniel, you know, even though he was a market trader, he can make a lot of money with that, which is simply not true. You know, he made, you know, such a small pittance of money. And so, yeah, again, there was just a feeling of sort of callousness.

• 29:43Phoebe Judge?

  Has she gotten a kidney transplant?

• 29:46Speaker 03

  As far as I can tell, I don't believe she has.

• 29:49Phoebe Judge?

  You mentioned this earlier, that this is not a story in a vacuum, that this happens all the time, organ trafficking. How common is it?

• 30:02Speaker 03

  Well, based on estimates, I mean, it's believed to be happening in over 50 countries at least. And that at least 10%, but probably more of transplants are taking place, you know, through tourism, through people, A, getting transplants elsewhere, but then also potentially paying people. You know, you know, one thing that wasn't in the story that I was looking into was that in Nigeria, there is a thriving black market for, for organs, for kidneys especially,

• 30:42Speaker 03

  where sort of desperate people are not necessarily, you know, being tricked into it, but are selling their kidneys. And Nigeria has sort of attempted to charge some people, doctors, hospital administrators, with allowing these transplants to take place, but the trials never really go anywhere. And so it's really, it's really rampant. And then, you know, obviously in the UK as well, this is still the only organ trafficking case, when we know that so many more transplants must be taking place there in a similar vein. And so, you know, I think a lot of it has to do with the fact that the people who are

• 31:23Speaker 03

  getting these transplants have the money, have the influence and the power not to be prosecuted for it.

• 31:32Phoebe Judge?

  You can read Alexis's full piece about this story for The Guardian at the link in our show notes. Alexis, thank you very much.

• 31:39Speaker 03

  Thank you.

• 31:40Phoebe Judge?

  That's journalist Alexis Okeowu. All of these conversations that we release on Tuesdays are also available to watch on our YouTube channel at youtube.com/criminalpodcast. While you're there, you can also check out the back catalog of our regular criminal episodes, find clips of me and criminal co-creator Lauren Spoor making our other show, Please Continue, and more. The link is in our show notes. I'm Phoebe Judge. Thanks for listening.

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