AI AGENTS EMERGENCY DEBATE: These Jobs Won't Exist In 24 Months! Containment Has Failed, We Must Prepare For What's Coming!

Will AI replace God, steal your job, and change your future? Amjad Masad, Bret Weinstein, and Daniel Priestley debate the terrifying warning signs, and why you need to understand them now. Amjad Masad is the founder and CEO of Replit, the world's leading online programming environment and community. Daniel Priestley is a serial entrepreneur and advises fast-growing companies on innovation, marketing, and the future of work in the age of AI. Bret Weinstein is an evolutionary biologist, expert in complex systems and host of the DarkHorse Podcast. In this debate, they explain: Why AI threatens 50% of the global workforce. How AI agents are already replacing millions of jobs and how to use them to your advantage. How AI will disrupt creative industries and hijack human consciousness. The critical skills that will matter most in the AI-powered future. What parents must teach their kids now to survive the AI age. How to harness AI’s power ethically. 00:00 Intro 07:14 What Is an AI Agent? 09:11 Who Is Bret and What Are His Views on AI? 12:58 Who Is Dan? 14:42 Where Are the Boundaries? 15:56 What Could AI Potentially Do? 17:01 Bret's Concerns: AI and a New Species 19:33 The Disruptive Potential of AI in Its Current Form 20:33 Is AI Just a Tool? 21:38 Those Who Leverage AI Will Be the Winners 25:15 What Abuse Are We Currently Seeing? 30:57 The Collateral Damage of AI 39:08 What Will Happen to Humans? 42:15 Which Jobs Will Be Replaced by AI? 45:34 Could AI Development Affect Western Economies? 49:00 Is AI Removing Our Agency? 57:39 Will Authenticity Be More Valued in the AI Era? 59:16 Will Markets Become Fairer or More Unbalanced? 1:03:45 The Economic Displacement 1:05:45 Worldcoin and the Case for Universal Basic Income 1:11:47 Are We Losing Meaning and Purpose? 1:14:44 AI's Impact on Loneliness, Relationships, and Connection 1:18:57 Can Education Adapt to the AI Era? 1:26:07 What Should AI Teach Our Children? 1:31:19 Ads 1:32:20 Is This Inevitable? 1:38:18 Will We Start Living Like House Cats? 1:44:44 Hyper-Changing World: Are We Designed for It? 1:50:25 The 5 Key Threats of AI 1:51:51 Deepfakes and AI Scams 1:59:43 An Optimistic Take on the AI Era 2:03:37 AI for Business Opportunities 2:08:34 Ads 2:10:32 AI Autonomous Weapons 2:17:59 Do We Live Among Aliens or in a Simulation? 2:21:31 How to Live a Good Life in the AI Era 📣 100 CEOs: Ready to think like a CEO? Gain access to the 100 CEOs newsletter here: ⁠https://bit.ly/100-ceos-megaphone⁠ Follow Amjad: X - https://bit.ly/3SsT92D Website - https://bit.ly/44y7YIO Follow Daniel: X - https://bit.ly/4jZRa1S Instagram - https://bit.ly/3F2Q8mK Website - https://bit.ly/3Ssg6mG Follow Bret: X - https://bit.ly/3EVAHwH You can purchase Daniel’s book, ‘Scorecard Marketing: The four-step playbook for getting better leads and bigger profits’, here: https://amzn.to/45aByEa You can purchase Bret’s book, ‘A Hunter-Gatherer's Guide to the 21st Century: Evolution and the Challenges of Modern Life’, here: https://amzn.to/4dcJoPU The 1% Diary is back - limited time only: https://bit.ly/3YFbJbt The Diary Of A CEO Conversation Cards (Second Edition): https://g2ul0.app.link/f31dsUttKKb Get email updates: https://bit.ly/diary-of-a-ceo-yt Follow Steven: https://g2ul0.app.link/gnGqL4IsKKb Sponsors: Vivobarefoot - https://vivobarefoot.com/DOAC with code DIARY20 for 20% offShopify - https://shopify.com/bartlett Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Speaker names marked ? are inferred from speaking time and the show’s known hosts — they are not voice-verified.

• 0:00Daniel Priestley?

  I think a lot of people don't realise how massive the positive impact AI is going to have on their life.

• 0:05Speaker 01

  Well, I would argue that the idea that this AI disruption doesn't lead us to human catastrophe is optimistic. For example, people are going to be unemployed in huge numbers.

• 0:15Speaker 02

  You agree with that, don't you? Yes. If your job is as routine as it comes, it's gone in the next couple of years. But it's going to create new opportunities for wealth creation.

• 0:25Speaker 01

  Let me put it to you this way. We have created a new species and nobody on Earth can predict what's going to happen.

• 0:31Steven Bartlett?

  We are joined by three leading voices to debate the most disruptive shift in human history, the rise of AI.

• 0:37Speaker 04

  And they're answering the question you're most scared about.

• 0:41Speaker 02

  This technology is going to get so much more powerful. And yes, we're going to go through a period of disruption, but at the other end, we're going to create a fair world. It's enabling people to run their businesses, make a lot of money.

• 0:51Daniel Priestley?

  And you can solve meaningful problems such as the breakthroughs in global healthcare and education will be phenomenal and you can live an incredibly fulfilling existence.

• 0:59Speaker 01

  Well, I would just say on that front, this has always been the fantasy of technologists, to do marvellous things with our spare time, but we end up doom scrolling.

• 1:06Speaker 02

  Loneliness epidemic.

• 1:07Speaker 01

  Right, falling birth rates. So the potential for good here is infinite and the potential for bad is 10 times. For example, there's war, undetectable deepfakes and scams. So people don't understand how many different ways they are going to be robbed.

• 1:20Speaker 02

  Look, I don't think blaming technology for all of it is the right thing. All these issues, they're already here. You're all fathers here. So what are you saying to your children?

• 1:29Steven Bartlett?

  Well, first of all, I find it incredibly fascinating that when we look at the back end of Spotify and Apple and our audio channels, the majority of people that watch this podcast haven't yet hit the follow button or the subscribe button, wherever you're listening to this. I would like to make a deal with you. If you could do me a huge favour and hit that subscribe button, I will work tirelessly from now until forever to make the show better and better and better and better. I can't tell you how much it helps when you hit that subscribe button. The show gets bigger, which means we can expand the production, bring in all the guests you want to see and continue to doing this thing we love. If you could do me that small favour and hit the follow button, wherever you're listening to this, that would mean the world to me. That is the only favour I will ever ask you. Thank you so much for your time.

• 2:17Steven Bartlett?

  The reason why I wanted to have this conversation with all of you is because the subject matter of AI, but more specifically AI agents, has occupied my free time for several weeks in a row. And actually, Amjad, when I started using Replit, for me, it was a paradigm shift. There was two paradigm shifts in a row that happened about a week apart. ChatGPT released their image generation model where you could create any image. It was incredibly detailed with text and all those things. That was a huge paradigm shift. And then in the same week, I finally gave in to try and figure out what this term AI agent was that I was hearing all over the internet. I heard vibecoding, I heard AI agent. I was like, I will give it a shot.

• 2:58Steven Bartlett?

  And when I used Replit, 20 minutes into using Replit, my mind was blown. And I think that night I stayed up till 3 or 4 AM in the morning. For anyone that doesn't know, Replit is a piece of software that allows you to create software and pretty much any software you want. So someone like me with absolutely no coding skills was able to build a website, build in Stripe, take payment, integrate AI into my website, add Google login to the front of my website and do it within minutes. I then got the piece of software that I had built with no coding skills, sent it to my friends and one of my friends put his credit card in and paid. Amazing. So I just launched a SaaS company with no coding skills.

• 3:41Steven Bartlett?

  To demonstrate an AI agent in a very simple way, I used an online AI agent called Operator to order us all some water from a CVS around the corner. The AI agent did everything, end to end, and people will be watching it on the screen. It put my credit card details and it picked the water for me. It gave the person a tip. It put some delivery notes in. At some point, a guy is going to walk in. He has not interacted with a human. He has interacted with my AI agent. And I just, the reason I use this as an example is again, it was a paradigm shift moment for me when I heard about agents about a month ago. And I went on and I ordered a bottle of electrolytes. And when my doorbell rang. I freaked out. I freaked out, but I'm trying to, who are you? And what are you doing?

• 4:24Speaker 02

  So I started programming at a very young age. You know, I I built my first business when I was a teenager. I used to go to internet cafes and program there. And I realized that they don't have software to manage the business. It was like, oh, why didn't you create accounts? Why don't I have a server? It took me two years to build that piece of software. And that's sort of embedded in my mind, this idea that, hey, like, you know, there there are a lot of people in the world with really amazing ideas, especially in the context where they live in, that allows them to build businesses. However, the main source of friction between an idea and software, or call it an idea and wealth creation, is infrastructure.

• 5:09Speaker 02

  Is physical infrastructure, is meaning a computer in front of you. It is an internet connection. It is the set of tools and skills that you need to build that. If we make it so that anyone who has ideas, who who wants to solve problems will be able to do it. I mean, imagine the kind of world that we we could live in, where no one can be, anyone who has merit, anyone who can think clearly, anyone who can generate a lot of ideas can generate wealth. I mean, that's an amazing world to live in, right? Anywhere in the world. So with with Replit, the company that I started in 2016, the the idea was like, okay, coding is difficult. How do we solve coding?

• 5:53Speaker 02

  And we built every part of the process, the hosting, the code editor. The only missing thing was the, you know, the AI agent. And so over the past two years, we've been working on this AI agent that you can just, you know, similar, since ChatGPT, you know, this revolution with Gen AI, and you can just speak your ideas into existence. I mean, this starts, you know, sounding religious, like this is like the, you know, the gods, you know, that the myths that that that humans have created. They used to imagine a world where you can, you can be everywhere and anywhere at once. That's sort of the internet. And you can also speak your ideas into into existence. And, you know, it's it's still early. I think Replit Agent is a fantastic tool.

• 6:38Speaker 02

  And I think this technology is going to get so much more powerful.

• 6:41Steven Bartlett?

  Specifically? What is an AI agent? I've got this graph actually here, which I don't need to pass to any of you to be able to see the growth of AI agents, but this graph is Google's search trend data.

• 6:54Speaker 02

  This also resembles our revenue too.

• 6:58Steven Bartlett?

  Oh, okay, right. The water has arrived. Hello, thank you. You can come on in.

• 7:03Speaker 02

  Can I have a go, please?

• 7:05Steven Bartlett?

  Yes, it's three nine five one.

• 7:08Steven Bartlett?

  Thank you so much. Thank you.

• 7:10Speaker 02

  This is like a supernatural kind of power. You conjured water.

• 7:15Steven Bartlett?

  I conjured water from my mind and it's shown up here with us. And it clearly thinks we need a lot.

• 7:22Steven Bartlett?

  But just to define the term AI agent for someone that's never heard the term before.

• 7:27Speaker 02

  Yeah, yeah. So I assume most of the audience now are familiar with ChatGPT, right? You can go in and you can talk to an AI. It can search the web for you. It has a limited amount of tools. Maybe it can call a calculator to do some additional subtraction for you. But that's about it. It's a request response style. Agents are when you give it requests and they can work indefinitely until they achieve a goal or they run into an error and they need your help. It's an AI bot that has access to tools. Those tools are access to a web browser like Operator, access to a programming environment, say like Replit, access to your credit cards.

• 8:12Speaker 02

  The more tools you give the agent, the more powerful it is. Of course, there's all these considerations around security and safety and all of that stuff. But the most important thing is that AI agent will determine when it finished executing. Today, AI agents can run for anywhere between, you know, thirty seconds to thirty minutes. There's a recent paper that came out that's showing that every seven months, the number of minutes that the agent can run for is doubling. So we're at like thirty minutes now. In seven months, we're going to be at an hour, then, you know, two hours. Pretty soon, we're going to be at days.

• 8:52Speaker 02

  And at that point, you know, AI agent is doing labor, is doing kind of human-like labor. And actually, OpenAI's new model, O3, beat the expectation. So it sort of doubled coherence over long-horizon tasks in just three or four months. So we're in this massive, and I mean, this looks, this exponential graph, you know, that shows you the massive trend we're on.

• 9:19Steven Bartlett?

  Brett, give us a little bit of your background, but also, I saw you writing some notes there. There was a couple of words used there that I thought were quite interesting, especially considering what I know about you. The word "God" was used a few times.

• 9:33Speaker 01

  Well, let me just say, I'm an evolutionary biologist, and probably for the purposes of this conversation, it would be best to think of me as a complex systems theorist. One of the things that I believe is true about AI is that this is the first time that we have built machines that have crossed the threshold from the highly complicated into the truly complex. And I will say, I'm listening to this conversation with a mixture of profound hope and dread. Because it seems to me that it is obvious

• 10:14Speaker 01

  that the potential good that can come from this technology is effectively infinite. But I would say that the harm is probably ten times. It's a bigger infinity. And the question of how we are going to get to a place where we can leverage the obvious power that is here to do good and dodge the worst harms, I have no idea. I know we're not prepared. So I hear you talking about agents, and I think that's marvelous. We can all use such a thing right away. And the more powerful it is, the better. The idea of something that can solve problems on your behalf while you're doing something else is marvelous.

• 10:55Speaker 01

  But of course, that is the precondition for absolute devastation to arise out of a miscommunication.

• 11:05Speaker 01

  Right, to have something acting autonomously to accomplish a goal, you damn well better understand what the goal really is and how to, how to pull back the reins in the event that it starts accomplishing something that wasn't the goal. The potential for abuse is also utterly profound. You know, you can imagine, just pick your, your dark mirror,

• 11:31Speaker 01

  fantasy dystopia where something has been told to hunt you down until you're dead and it sees that as a, you know, a technical challenge. So I don't know quite how to balance a discussion about all of the things that can clearly come from this that are utterly transcendent. I mean, I do think it is not inappropriate to be invoking God or biblical metaphors here. You know, you're producing water seemingly from thin air. I believe that does have an exact biblical parallel. So, any case, the power is here. But so, so two is the need for cautionary tales, which we don't have.

• 12:17Speaker 01

  That's the problem is that there is no body of myth that will warn us properly of this tool because we've just crossed a threshold that is similar in its capacity to alter the world as the invention of writing. I really think that's, that's where we are. We're talking about something that is going to fundamentally alter what humans are with no plan. You know, writing alters the world slowly because the number of people who can do it is tiny at first and remains so for thousands of years. This is changing things weekly. And that's an awful lot of power to just simply have dumped on a system that wasn't well regulated to begin with.

• 12:59Steven Bartlett?

  Done.

• 12:59Daniel Priestley?

  Yeah, so I'm an entrepreneur. I've been building businesses for the last 20 plus years. I'm completely well positioned between the two of you here. The excitement of the opportunity and the terror of what could go on. There's this image that I saw of New York City in 1900. And every single vehicle on the street is a horse and cart. And then 13 years later, the same photo from the same vantage point. And every single vehicle on the street is a car. And in 13 years, all the horses had been removed and cars had been put in place. And if you had have interviewed the horses in 1900 and said, how do you feel about your level of confidence in the world?

• 13:43Daniel Priestley?

  The horses would have said, well, we've been part of humanity for, you know, horse and hoof, hand and hoof for many, many years, for thousands of years. There's one horse for every three humans. Like, how bad could it be? You know, we'll always have a special place. We'll always be part of society. And little did the horses realise that that was not the case, that the horses were going to be put out of business very, very rapidly. And to reason through analogy, you know, there's a lot of us who are now sitting there going, hey, wait a second, does this make me a horse in 1900? I think a lot of people don't realise how massive these kind of technologies are going to have as an impact. You know, one minute we're ordering water and that's cute.

• 14:27Daniel Priestley?

  And the next minute, it can run for days. And in your words, it doesn't stop until it achieves its goal. And it comes up with as many different ways as it could possibly come up with to achieve its goal. And in your words, it better know what that goal is.

• 14:42Steven Bartlett?

  I'm thinking a lot, Amjad, as Daniel's speaking about the vast application of AI agents. And where are the bounds? Because if this thing is going to get incrementally smarter.

• 14:54Steven Bartlett?

  Well, incrementally might be an understatement. It's going to get incredibly smart, incredibly quick. And we're seeing this AI race where all of these large language models are competing for intelligence with one another. And if it's able to traverse the internet and click things and order things and write things and create things. And all of our lives run off the internet today. What can't it do? It's going to be smarter than me. No doubt, it already is. And it's going to be able to take actions across the internet, which is pretty much where most of my professional life operates. It's like how I build my businesses. Even this podcast is an internet product at the end of the day. Cause you can create, we've done experiments now and I can show you the graphs on my phone to make AI podcasts. And they have, we've just managed to get it to have the same retention as the Diary of a CEO.

• 15:39Steven Bartlett?

  Now with the image generation model.

• 15:40Speaker 02

  Retention as in viewer retention?

• 15:42Steven Bartlett?

  The percentage of people that get to one hour.

• 15:45Speaker 02

  Wow.

• 15:45Steven Bartlett?

  Is the same now. So we can make the video, we can publish it, we can script it. You can synthesize my voice, sounds like me. So what, what is it going to be able to do?

• 15:57Steven Bartlett?

  And can you give me the variety of use cases that the average person might not have intuitively conceived?

• 16:02Speaker 02

  Yeah. So I tend to be an optimist and, and part of the reason is because I try to understand the limits of the, of the technology. What can it do is anything that we can, any sort of set of human data that we can train it on. What can it not do is anything that humans don't know what to do because we don't have the training data. Of course it's super smart because it integrates massive amount of knowledge that you wouldn't be able to read. Right? It also much faster. It can run through massive amount of computation that you know, your brain, you can't even comprehend. Because all of that, they're smart, they can take actions. But we know the limits of what they can do because we trained them.

• 16:47Speaker 02

  They're able to simulate what a human can do. So the reason you were able to order the, the water there is because it was trained on a safe data. That includes clicking on DoorDash and ordering water.

• 17:01Speaker 01

  I applaud your optimism and I like the way you think about these puzzles, but I think I see you making a mistake that we are about to discover is very commonplace. So we have several different categories of systems. We have simple systems. We have complicated systems. We have complex systems. And then we have complex adaptive systems. And to most of us, a highly complicated system appears like a complex system. We don't understand the distinction. Technologists often master highly complicated systems. And they know, you know, for example, a computer is a perfectly predictable system inside. There's it's deterministic.

• 17:45Speaker 01

  But to most of us, it functions. It is mysterious enough that it feels like a complex system. And if you're in the position of having mastered highly complicated systems, and you look at complex systems and you think it's a natural extension, you fail to anticipate just how unpredictable they are. So even if it is true that today there are limits to what these machines can do based on their training data, I think the problem is to see what's going to happen, you really want to start thinking of this as the evolution of a new species that will continue to evolve. It will partially be shaped by what we ask it to do, the direction we lead it.

• 18:30Speaker 01

  And it will partially be shaped by things we don't understand. So how does this computer that that we have work? Well, one of the things that it does is we plug them in to each other. Using language, it's almost as if you've plugged an ethernet cable in between human minds. And that means that the cognitive potential exceeds the sum of the individual minds in question. Your AIs are going to do that. And that means that our ability to say what they are capable of does not come down to, well, we didn't train it on that data. As they begin to interact, that feedback is going to take them to capabilities we don't anticipate and may not even recognize once they become present. That's one of my fears.

• 19:14Speaker 01

  This is an evolving creature and

• 19:17Speaker 02

  It's not even an animal. If it were an animal, you could say something about what the limits of that capability are. But this is a new type of biological creature. And it will become capable of things that we don't even have names for.

• 19:33Daniel Priestley?

  Even if it didn't do that, even if it just stayed within the boundaries that you're talking about. You mentioned about it having median level intelligence. Well, that by definition means 50% of the people on the planet are less intelligent than AI. You know, to a degree, it's almost as if we've just invented a new continent of remote workers. There's billions of them. They've all got a master's or a PhD. They all speak all the languages. Anything that you could call someone or ask someone over the internet to do, they're there 24/7 and they're 25 cents an hour, if that. So like, if that really happened, like if we really did just discover that there were a billion extra people on the planet who all had PhDs and were happy to work for almost free,

• 20:18Daniel Priestley?

  that would have a massive disruptive impact on society. Like, society would have to rethink how everyone lives and works and gets meaning. So like, and that's, that's if it just stays at a median level of intelligence. Like, it's, it's pretty profound.

• 20:32Speaker 02

  I still think it's, it's a tool. This is power that is there to be harnessed by entrepreneurs. You know, I, I think that the world is gonna get disrupted, right? And the, you know, the, this post-war world that we created, where you go through life, you go through 12 years of education, you get to college and you just check the boxes, you get a job. We can already see the fractures of that. That it is, you know, this American dream is perhaps no longer there. And so I think the world has already changed. And so, but, but like, what are the opportunities? Obviously, they're downsized. The opportunities is for the first time, access to opportunity is, is equal.

• 21:15Speaker 02

  And I I do think there's gonna be more inequality. And the reason for this inequality is because, actually, Steve Jobs, you know, ma- made this analogy. It's like the the best taxi driver in New York is like twenty percent better than the, you know, the, you know, average taxi driver. The best programmer can be ten X better. You know, we call, we say the ten X engineer. Now, the variance will be in the thousand X, right? Like, the best, the best entrepreneur that can leverage those agents could be better, uh, it could be a thousand times better than than someone who doesn't have the grit, doesn't have the skill, doesn't have the ambition, right?

• 21:58Speaker 02

  So so that that will create a world, yes, there's massive access to opportunity, but there are people who will take.

• 22:05Daniel Priestley?

  Seize it and then they'll. And then there'll be people who don't. I imagine it almost like a um, a marathon race. And AI has two superpowers. One superpower is to distract people, um, such as TikTok algorithm.

• 22:18Speaker 02

  That's right.

• 22:18Daniel Priestley?

  And the other superpower is to make you hyper creative. So you become a hyper consumer or a hyper creator. And in this marathon race, the vast majority of people have got their shoes tied together because AI is distracting them. Some people are running traditional race. Some people have got a bicycle and some people have got a Formula One vehicle. And it's gonna be very confronting when the results go on the scoreboard. And you say, oh, wait a second. There's a few people who finished this marathon in about thirty minutes. And there's a lot of us who finished in like eighteen hours because we had our shoes tied together. And I can't understand, if we've got equal opportunity, why there's so much disparity between how fast it, you know, and do, you know,

• 23:01Daniel Priestley?

  I'm using an analogy, but this idea that, you know, someone, like, a lot of people are gonna start earning a million dollars a month. And a lot of people are gonna say, hey, I can't even get a job for fifteen dollars an hour. There's gonna be this kind of interesting wedge.

• 23:15Speaker 02

  Well, but I I hear in what both of you are saying, a kind of assumption that this will all be done on the up and up. And I do wanna.

• 23:29Speaker 01

  Just, I am not a doomer. I agree that the doomers are likely incorrect, that their fears are misplaced. But I do think we have a question of a related rates problem. You know, I said the potential for good here is infinite and the potential for bad is 10 times. Right? What I mean is, there are lots of ways in which this obviously empowers people to do things that they were going to be otherwise stuck in the mundane process of learning to code and then figuring out how to make the code work and bring it to market and all of that. And this solves a lot of those problems and that's obviously a good thing.

• 24:09Speaker 01

  Really, what we should want is the wealth creation object as quickly as we can get there. But the problem is, you know, as much as it, that hyper creative individual is empowered to make wealth, the person who is interested in stealing may be even more empowered. And I'm concerned about that at a pretty high level. The abuse cases may outnumber the use cases and we don't have a plan for what to do about that.

• 24:42Speaker 02

  Can I give you a quick, like, introduction here, like, the optimistic view? OpenAI invented, the first version GPT came out in 2019. 2020 was GPT-2. And so OpenAI, you know, now they get a lot of criticism and lawsuit from Elon Musk that they're no longer open source, right?

• 25:01Speaker 01

  Right.

• 25:01Speaker 02

  They used to be. The reason is, in GPT-2, they said, "We are no longer gonna open source this technology because it's gonna create opportunities for abuse such as, you know, influencing elections, you know, stealing grandma's credit card and so on and so forth." Wouldn't you say, Brett, that it is kind of surprising how little abuse we've seen so far?

• 25:28Speaker 01

  I don't know how much abuse we've seen so far. I don't know how any of us do. And I also, even the example that you suggest, where ChatGPT is no longer open source to prevent abuse. I'm taking their word for it that that's the motivation. Where as a systems theorist, I would say, well, if you had a technology that was excellent at enhancing your capacity to wield power, then open sourcing it is a failure to capitalize on that and that the most remunerative use is to keep it private and then either sell the ability to manipulate elections to people who want to do so

• 26:11Speaker 01

  or sell the ability to have it kept off the table for people who don't. And I would expect that that's probably what's going on. There's no, if you have a technology as transformative as this, giving it away for free is counterintuitive, which leaves those of us in the public, more or less at the mercy of the people who have it. So I don't see the reason for comfort. There, we are at the dawn of this radical transformation of humans that by its very nature as a truly complex and emergent innovation, nobody on earth can predict what's going to happen. We can, we're on the event horizon of something.

• 26:56Speaker 01

  And the problem is, you know, we can talk about the obvious disruptions, the job disruption, and that's going to be massive. And does that lead some group of elites to decide, oh, well, suddenly we have a lot of useless eaters and what are we going to do about that? Because that conversation tends to lead somewhere very dark very quickly. But I think that's just the beginning of the various ways in which this could go wrong without the doomer scenarios coming into play. This is an uncontrolled experiment in which all of humanity is downstream.

• 27:28Speaker 02

  Yeah, so I was trying to make the point that OpenAI has been sort of wrong about the sort of how big of a potential for harm it is. Like, You know, I think we would have heard about it in the news, like the sort of how much harm it's done. Maybe some of it is working in the shadows, but like the few incidents that we've heard about where, you know, the cause of LLMs, large language models, the technology that's powering ChatGPT, has been huge headliners. Like, New York Times talked about this kid that was, you know, perhaps goaded by some kind of chat software that, you know, helps teenagers to be less lonely into suicide, which is

• 28:10Speaker 02

  tragic. And obviously, these are the kind of safety and abuse issues that we wanna we wanna worry about. But these are kind of these isolated incidents. And we do have open source large language models. Obviously, the thing that everyone talks about is Deep Seek. Deep Seek is coming from China. So what is Deep Seek's incentive? You know, perhaps the incentive is to destroy the AI industry in the US. You know, when they released Deep Seek, you know, the market tanked, the market for Nvidia, the market for AI and all of that. But there is an incentive to open source. Meta is open sourcing Llama. Llama is another AI, similar to ChatGPT. The reason they're open sourcing Llama,

• 28:51Speaker 02

  and Zuckerberg just says that out loud, is basically, they don't want to be beholden to OpenAI. They don't sell AI as a service. They use it to build products. And there's this concept in business called commoditize your complement. Because you need AI as technology to run your service, the best strategy to do is to open source it. So these market forces are going to create conditions that I think are actually beneficial. So I'll give you a few examples. One is, first of all, the AI companies are motivated to create AI that is safe so that they can sell it. Second, there are security companies investing

• 29:33Speaker 02

  in AIs that allows them to protect from the sort of malicious acting of AI. And so you have the free market. We've always had that, you know. But generally, as humanity, we've been able to leverage the same technology to protect against the abuse.

• 29:51Speaker 01

  So I don't really understand this. And maybe this is actually, this is the exact discussion that you would expect between somebody at the frontier of the highly complicated, staring at a complex system, and a biologist who comes from the land of the complex and is looking back. At highly complicated systems. In game theory, we have something called a collective action problem. And in the market that you're describing, an individual company has no capacity to hold back the abuses of AI. The most you can do is not participate in them. You can't stop other people from programming L L Ms in some dangerous way.

• 30:35Speaker 01

  And you can limit your own ability to earn based on your own limitations of what you're willing to do. And then effectively, what happens is the technology gets invented anyway. It's just that the dollars end up in somebody else's pocket. So the incentive is not to restrain yourself so that you can at least compete and participate in the market that's going to be opened. And so

• 30:58Speaker 01

  the number of ways in which you can abuse this technology, let's take a couple.

• 31:04Speaker 01

  What is to stop somebody from training L L Ms on an individual's creative output? And then creating an L L M that can out compete that individual can effectively not only produce what they would naturally produce over the course of a lifetime, but can extrapolate from it and can even hybridize it with the insights of other people. So that effectively, those who have the L L M can train it on the creativity of others, not cut them in on the use of that insight. You can effectively end up putting yourself out of business by putting your creative ideas in the world where they get sucked up as training data for future L L Ms.

• 31:46Speaker 01

  That is unscrupulous, but it's effectively guaranteed. In fact, it's already happened. So that's a problem. And likewise, what would stop somebody from interacting with an individual and training an L L M to become like a personalized con artist, something that would play exactly to your blind spot?

• 32:06Daniel Priestley?

  That does happen. That is starting to happen. People get phone calls and it sounds like their daughter and I've lost my phone and I'm borrowing a friend's phone and all of that sort of stuff. What's interesting is that I think you make a really good point. I worry about the impact on society and yet when I look at every single individual who uses AI regularly, it almost has nothing but profoundly positive impact on their life. I look at people like, um, I was just spending some time with my parents-in-law, um, who are in their seventies and early eighties, and they use AI regularly for all sorts of things that they find incredibly valuable and that improves the quality of

• 32:47Daniel Priestley?

  their life. I personally did an M and A, a mergers and acquisitions deal where I bought a company last year and the AI was so powerful at helping that process. The conversations were transcribed and they were turned into letters of intent and then press releases and, uh, legal documents. And we probably shaved a hundred thousand dollars worth of, uh, costs and, and we sped up the whole process and it was pretty magical to see how, how it could happen. With that said, you know, there's, there's all of these, like, well, a hundred thousand dollars worth of lawyers didn't get paid, right?

• 33:23Speaker 01

  Well, what I wanna know, yeah.

• 33:26Daniel Priestley?

  There's a lot of people upset about that.

• 33:29Speaker 01

  But if we look back at the invention of the cell phone or the invention of the social media platforms, there would be every reason to have the, exactly the same perspective, right? I remember the beginning of Facebook and I remember the idea that suddenly the process that used to afflict people where you would just lose touch with most of the people who had been important to you, that was not something that needed to happen anymore. You could just retain them permanently as a part of a diffuse, uh, social grouping that just simply grew and value was added. There's no end to how much good that did. But what it did to us was profound and not evident in the first chapter. Say the same

• 34:14Speaker 01

  thing about the cell phones and the dopamine traps and the way this has disconnected us from each other, the way it has disconnected us from nature, the way it has altered the very patterns with which we think it has altered.

• 34:29Speaker 02

  Every classroom. Mm hmm. So and those things I think are going to turn out to have been sort of minor foreshadowings of the disruption that AI will produce. So I agree with you today. The amount you can do with AI is a tremendous amount of good. There's a little bit of harm. Maybe that's something we need to worry about. But as this develops, as we get to, you know, to peer over the edge of this cliff that we're headed to, I think we're going to discover that we can't yet detect the nature of the alteration that's coming.

• 35:01Steven Bartlett?

  So I just wanted to add some context to that because, Amjad, I saw the interview you did in a newsletter in 2023, where you said, I wouldn't prepare for AGI in the same way that I wouldn't prepare for the end of days. It's effectively the end of days. If the vision of AGI that some of these companies have comes to bear, because it's called a singularity moment, because you can't really predict what happens after that. And so like, how would you even prepare for that? And you want to prepare for the more likely world. And that world that you can actually predict is a world where, yes, there's like a massive improvements of technology. And there's like insane compounding effects of technology. And it's pretty hard to keep up. From that, it appeared that in 2023, you were saying a similar thing to Brett in terms of, we can't see around the corner here because it is a singularity.

• 35:45Daniel Priestley?

  You, you, sorry, you also used AGI, artificial general intelligence. It'd be interesting to know what your definition of AGI is so that.

• 35:52Speaker 02

  Yeah. So what I was saying there is even if I'm wrong, that you can actually create a unbounded, seemingly conscious, artificial intelligence that can entirely replace humans and can act autonomously in a way that even humans can't act and can coordinate across different AIs, different data centers to take over the world. Even if that's, so the definition of AGI is artificial general intelligence, meaning that AI can acquire new skills efficiently in the same way that humans can acquire skills. Right now, AIs don't acquire skills efficiently. You know, they acquire massive amount of energy

• 36:36Speaker 02

  and compute, entire data center of compute to acquire these, these skills. And I think there's a, again, a limit on how general intelligence can get. I think for most of the time, we're lagging in terms of what humans are capable of doing.

• 36:55Speaker 02

  The singularity is based on this concept of intelligence explosion. So, once you create an AGI, once you create an artificial general intelligence, that intelligence will be able to modify its own source code and create the next version that is much more intelligent. And the next version creates the next version and the next, you know, for infinity, right?

• 37:19Daniel Priestley?

  Within a week.

• 37:20Speaker 02

  Within a week, perhaps within milliseconds at some point.

• 37:23Daniel Priestley?

  Yeah.

• 37:23Speaker 02

  Right? Because it might invent new computing substrate and all of that. Perhaps it will use quantum computing. And so then you have this intelligence explosion in a way that is impossible to predict how the world is gonna be. And what I'm saying is, this is sort of like an end of time story. Like, how would you even prepare for that? So, if that's coming, like, why would I spend my time preparing for, I think it's unlikely to happen?

• 37:55Daniel Priestley?

  Can't see around the corner.

• 37:56Speaker 02

  Yeah, but I'd rather prepare, what I was saying there. I'd rather prepare for the more likely world in which we have access to tremendous power, but the world's not ending and humans are still important.

• 38:13Speaker 01

  I don't know why you say more likely. I mean, I think the structure of your argument is sound. You would prepare for the world that might happen for which you can prepare. There's literally no point in trying to prepare for a world. You can't predict at all. The only thing you can do is just sort of upgrade your own skills and pay attention. But if I have one message for the technologists, it's that your confidence about what this can and cannot do is misplaced because you have, without noticing, stepped into the realm of the truly complex. And the truly complex...

• 38:54Speaker 02

  Your confidence should drop to near zero that you know what's going on. Are these things conscious? I don't know, but will they be? Highly likely they will become conscious and that we will not have a test to tell us whether that has happened.

• 39:08Steven Bartlett?

  Elon Musk predicts that by 2029, we will have AI with us, AGI, that surpasses the combined intelligence of all humans. And Sam Altman actually wrote a blog three months ago that I read where he said, we are confident now, Sam Altman being the founder of OpenAI, which created ChatGPT, we are confident now that we know how to build AGI as we have traditionally understood it. When I put these things together, I go back to the central question of what role do humans have in this, in this sort of professional output in GDP creation? If it's smarter than all humans combined, if Elon Musk is correct there, and it's able to take actions across the internet and continue to learn.

• 39:53Steven Bartlett?

  This is like a central question that I'm hoping I can answer today, which is like, where do we go?

• 39:58Speaker 02

  Yeah, I mean, in my vision of the world, we're in the creative seat. We're sitting there where we are controlling swarms of intelligent beings to do our job. You know, the way you run your business, for example, you're sitting at a computer, you have an hour to work.

• 40:16Steven Bartlett?

  Yeah.

• 40:16Speaker 02

  And you're going to launch like a thousand SDR, you know, sales representative to go like grab as many leads as possible. And you're generating new update on Replit for your website here. And then on this side, you're actually, you have an AI that's crunching data about your existing business to figure out how to improve it. And these AIs are kind of somehow all coordinated together. And I am trying to privilege the human. Like this is my, my mission is to build tools for people. I'm not building tools for agents and agents are a tool.

• 40:57Speaker 02

  And so ultimately, not only do I think that humans have a privileged position in the world and in the universe, we don't know where consciousness is coming from. We don't really have the science to explain it. I think humans are special. That's one side is my belief that humans are special in the world. And another side, which I understand that the technology today, and I think for the foreseeable future

• 41:26Steven Bartlett?

  Yep.

• 41:26Speaker 02

  is going to be a function of us training data. So there was this whole idea of like, what if ChatGPT generates pathogens? Well, have you trained it on pathogens?

• 41:37Steven Bartlett?

  They were doing that kind of stuff in Wuhan, no? I mean, a lot of the biotech companies are essentially using artificial intelligence. Like, I can think of Abseller, I think it's Abseller, in Canada. Their whole business is using AI to create new vaccines, using artificial intelligence and bigger data sets than we've never had before. And I know because I was very close to one of the founders of people involved in Abseller. So that work is going on anyway. And if you think about Wuhan, that's, I mean, it's quite probably well known now that it came out of a lab and people working in a lab. And in that scenario, that had a huge impact and shut down the world. What I'm, the central question I'd love to answer before I throw it back open to the room is, what jobs, because I know that you have this perspective, what jobs are going to be made redundant in a world

• 42:22Steven Bartlett?

  where I am sat here as a CEO with a thousand AI agents?

• 42:26Speaker 02

  Right.

• 42:26Steven Bartlett?

  I was thinking of all the names of the people in my company

• 42:28Speaker 02

  Yeah.

• 42:29Steven Bartlett?

  who are currently doing those jobs. I was thinking about my CFO when you talked about processing business data, my graphic designers, my video editors, et cetera. So what, what jobs are going to be impacted?

• 42:38Speaker 02

  Yeah, all of those. So I think

• 42:41Steven Bartlett?

  And what do they do?

• 42:41Speaker 02

  Yeah, maybe this is useful for, for the audience. I think if your job is as routine as it comes, your job is gone in the next couple of years. So meaning if you, in those jobs, for example, Quality assurance jobs, data entry jobs, you're sitting in front of a computer and you're supposed to click and type things in a certain order. Operator and those technologies are coming to the market really quickly and those are going to displace a lot of, a lot of labor.

• 43:12Steven Bartlett?

  Accountants?

• 43:13Speaker 02

  Accountants.

• 43:14Steven Bartlett?

  Lawyers?

• 43:15Speaker 02

  Yes.

• 43:16Steven Bartlett?

  I mean, I've just pulled a ligament in my, in my foot and they did an MRI scan and I had to wait a couple of days for someone to look at the MRI scan and tell me what it meant. I'm guessing that, that's gone.

• 43:26Speaker 02

  Yep, I think, I think the healthcare ecosystem is hard to predict because of regulation. And, and again, there's so many limiting factors on how this technology can permeate the economy because of regulations and, and people's willingness to, to take it. But you know, things, unregulated jobs that are purely text in, text out. If your job, you know, you get a, you get a message and you produce some kind of artifact that's like probably text or images, that, that job is, is at risk.

• 43:56Steven Bartlett?

  So just to give you some stats here as well, about 50% of Americans who have a college degree currently use AI. The stats are significantly lower for Americans without a college degree. So you can see how a splinter might emerge there and that crack will right widen because people like us at this table are all messing around with it. But my mum and dad in Plymouth in the southwest, rural England, haven't got, like they just figured out iPhones. So like I got them an iPhone and now they're like texting me back. AI is a million miles away. And if I start running off with my AGI, my agents, that gap is going to widen. Women are disproportionately affected by automation, which is what you were talking about there, with about 80% of working women in an at-risk job compared to just over 50% of men, according to the Harvard Business Review.

• 44:38Steven Bartlett?

  And jobs requiring only a high school diploma have an automation risk of 80%, while those requiring a bachelor's degree have an automation risk of just 20%. So we can see again how, how this will cause a sort of a.

• 44:51Daniel Priestley?

  It's also a huge risk with business processor outsourcing, which is essentially Western countries sending jobs to India, to the Philippines. Like at the moment, millions of people have been lifted out of poverty through the ability to do those kind of business process outsourcing jobs and those are all going to go.

• 45:10Steven Bartlett?

  But these, they're going to have a thousand employees.

• 45:12Speaker 02

  But, but, but also these people are actually already transitioning to training AIs. You know, so, so there's going to be a massive industry around training AIs.

• 45:22Daniel Priestley?

  Until they're trained.

• 45:23Speaker 02

  Well, no, you have to continuously acquire new skills. And this is what I'm talking about. This is, again, if AI is a function of its data, then you need increasingly more data. And by the way, we ran out of internet data.

• 45:34Steven Bartlett?

  I was actually thinking, interestingly, that this might not be great for the United States or the UK, the Western world, because it is going to be a leveler. When now a kid in India doesn't need a Silicon Valley office and seven million dollars in investment to throw up a software company, basically.

• 45:48Daniel Priestley?

  Yeah, my belief is that, so I have a, I have a more broad definition of AGI and the singularity. And for me, AGI is, do we have artificial general intelligence in terms of, generally speaking, can AI just do stuff that humans used to be able to do? And we've already crossed that point. We have this general intelligence that we can now all access. And eight hundred million people a week are now using ChatGPT. It's exploded in the last three months. And then, to me, a singularity, when the first tractor went out onto a farm, for me, that was a singularity moment, because everyone who worked in farming, it used to take a hundred people to plow a field, and now a tractor comes along and two guys with the tractor can now plow the field in just as much time.

• 46:32Daniel Priestley?

  And now ninety eight people out of a hundred are completely out of a job.

• 46:36Steven Bartlett?

  We also always underestimate a technology. If it does go on to change history, when you look back through cars, horses, planes, the Wright brothers just thought of a plane as being something the army could use. They had no idea of the application. So someone said to me recently, they said, when it does change the world, we underestimate the impact that it will change the world. And I see people now with their estimations of AI and AI agents already incredibly optimistic. And so if history holds here, we are undershooting the impact it's going to have. And I think this is the first time in my life where the industrial revolution analogies seem to fall a little bit short.

• 47:12Daniel Priestley?

  Yeah.

• 47:13Steven Bartlett?

  Because we've never seen intelligent, that's like, you could, I could think of this as a, I'm not an intelligent person on this, but I could see that as like the disruption of muscles, whereas this is the disruption of intelligence. Intelligence.

• 47:25Speaker 01

  That's, that's exactly the thing, is that what makes human beings special is our cognitive capacity and very specifically, our ability to plug our minds into each other so that the sum is, or the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. That's what makes human cognition special. And what we are doing is we are creating. A something that can technologically surpass it without any of the preconditions that make that a safe process. So, yes, we've revolutionized the world how many different times? It's innumerable, but you know, we've, we've made farming vastly more efficient. That's different than taking our core competency as a species and surpassing

• 48:08Speaker 01

  ourselves with the product of our, of our labor. I think your question is a good one. Then, then what does become?

• 48:15Daniel Priestley?

  We only have one thing left. We have our muscles, which we got rid of in the industrial revolution. And then we have our intellect, which is this digital revolution. Now we're left with emotions and agency. So we essentially, the, the, the agency idea, I think we used to judge people on IQ and now IQ is the big leveller. And now going forward for the next 10 years, we're going to look at, are you a high agency person or a low agency person? Do you have the ability to get things done and coordinate agents? Do you have the ability to start businesses or give orders to digital armies? You know, and, and essentially these high agency people are going to thrive in this new world because they have this other thing that's been bubbling under the service, surface, which is.

• 48:59Steven Bartlett?

  Really interesting. When you said agency is going to remain as an important thing, we're sat here talking about AI agents. And the crazy thing in a world of AI agents that have super intelligence is I can just tell my agent, listen, I'm going on holiday. Please build me a SaaS company that spots a market opportunity, throw up the website, post it on my social media channel. I'll be in Hawaii. And this new agentic world is stealing that too. Cause now it can take action. In the same way that I can browse the internet, I can call Domino's Pizza, speak to their agentic agent, organize my pizza to be there before I even wake up. And in fact, predictability, you know, OpenAI now learns and Sam Altman said that they've expanded the memory feature. So it knows every, it's knowing more and more and more and more about me. It'll almost be able to

• 49:44Steven Bartlett?

  predict what I want, when I want it. It'll know Steve's calendar. He's arriving at the studio. Make sure his cadence is on the side. Make sure his iPad has the brief on it. Do the brief, do the research for me and everything else. Say, oh, remember Brett's birthday. So when I arrive, there'll be something. In fact, it's removing my need for any agency.

• 50:02Speaker 01

  Yes. And, you know, again, I don't know how to make this point so that it occurs to people what I'm really suggesting, but.

• 50:11Speaker 01

  Today, maybe it's not conscious, but well, let me put it to you this way.

• 50:18Speaker 01

  If you're conscious, you started out as a child that wasn't. And although this may not fully encapsulate it, you are effectively an LLM. Right? You go from an unconscious infant to a highly conscious adult. And the process by which you do that has a lot to do with being trained effectively on words and other things in an environment in exactly the way that we now train these AIs. So the idea that we can take consciousness off the table, it won't be there till we figure out how to program it in and we're safe because we don't know how consciousness works, I take the opposite lesson. We've created the exact thing that will produce that phenomenon. And then we can have philosophers debate whether it's real consciousness or it just behaves exactly as if it were.

• 51:03Speaker 01

  And the answer is those aren't different. And the same thing is true for agency, you know, especially if you've created an environment in which these AIs are de facto competitors. What you're effectively doing is creating an evolutionary environment in which they will evolve to fill whatever niches are there. And we didn't spell out the niches. So I have the sense we have, we have invited, we have, we have created something that truly is going to function like a new kind of life. And it's especially troubling because it speaks our language. So that leads us to believe it's more like us than it is. And it's actually potentially quite different.

• 51:42Speaker 02

  So, but by the way, he's the optimist here.

• 51:46Speaker 02

  He's so optimistic about LLMs and how, how they're gonna, they're gonna evolve. Yes, it's amazing. It's amazing technology. Like, I think it raised global IQ, right? Like 800 million people, like 800 million people are that much more intelligent and emotionally intelligent as well. Like, I know people who previously were very coarse and they kind of robbed people the, the wrong way. They, they would say things in not so polite way. And then suddenly they started putting their, you know, what they're saying through ChatGPT in order to kind of make it kinder and nicer and they're more liked now. And so not only is it making us more intelligent, but also it allows us to be the best version of ourselves.

• 52:31Speaker 02

  And the, the scenario that you're talking about, I don't think, I don't know what's wrong with that. Like, you know, I would want less agency in certain places. Like, I would want something to help me not, you know, open up a peanut butter jar at night. Right? You know, there are places in my life where I need more control and I would rather cede it to some kind of entity that could help me make better choices.

• 53:02Speaker 01

  I mean, unfortunately, even if there is some small group of elites that are able to go to Hawaii while something else does the mundane details of their business building.

• 53:16Speaker 01

  We are rather soon going to be faced with a world that has billions of people who do not have the skills to leverage AI. Some of them will be necessary for a time. You're gonna need plumbers. But this is also not a long-term solution because not only are there not enough of those jobs, but of course, we have humanoid robots that once imbued with AI capacity will also be able to take, you know, they'll be able to crawl under your house into the crawl space and fix your plumbing. So what typically happens when you have a massive economic contraction

• 54:00Speaker 01

  that arises from the fact that a huge number of people are out of work is that the elites start looking at those people and thinking, well, we don't really need them anyway. And so the idea that this AI disruption doesn't lead us to some very human catastrophe, I think, is overly optimistic and that we need to start preparing right now. What are the rights of a person who has had, whatever it is that they've invested in, completely erased from the list of needs? Is that person responsible for not having anticipated AI coming? And is it their problem that they are now starving and they're being eyed by others as, you know, a useless eater? I don't think so.

• 54:38Speaker 02

  How is it different than when the, what's it called? The looming machine came and the textile workers, you know, the result of the Luddite sort of revolution? How is it different than any time in history? When technology automated a lot of people out of jobs.

• 54:57Speaker 01

  I would say scale and speed. That's how it's different. And the scale and speed is going to result in a, an unprecedented catastrophe because the rate at which people are going to be simultaneously sidelined, not just in one industry, but across every industry is just simply.

• 55:14Daniel Priestley?

  And it also did actually happen. There was a, there was an, for the first 50 years of industrialization, from like late 1700s to early 1800s, you actually, the Charles Dickens novels are essentially people coming from the farms who were displaced, arriving in cities, kids living on the streets. The British decided to pick everyone up and send them over to the, over to Australia, which is where I came from. And, you know, there, there were this, there was this massive issue of displacement. I think we're going to go into a high velocity economy where rather than this long arc of career that lasts 45 years, we're going to have these very fast careers that last 10

• 55:58Daniel Priestley?

  months to 36 months. And you invent something, you take it to market, you put together a team of five to 10 people who work together, you then get disrupted.

• 56:09Speaker 02

  Can I mention a story here? There's an entrepreneur that uses Replit in a similar way. His name is Billy Howell. You can find him on YouTube, on the internet. He would go to Upwork and he would find what people are asking for, different requests for certain apps, technologies. Then he would take the, what they're asking for, put it into Replit, make it an application, call them, tell them, I already have your application. Would you pay $10,000 for it? And so, so that's sort of an arbitrage opportunity that's, that's there right now.

• 56:41Speaker 01

  That's not arbitrage, that's theft.

• 56:43Speaker 02

  How, what is it? How is it?

• 56:45Speaker 01

  You have somebody who has an idea that can be brought to market and somebody else is cryptically detecting it and then selling back their own idea to them.

• 56:54Steven Bartlett?

  Well, they're paying them to do that. They're saying, I will give you $500 if someone makes this for me.

• 56:59Speaker 01

  Right, but this is what I'm more or less think is going to happen across the whole economy is that, yes, from this perspective, we can see that everybody is suddenly empowered to build a great business. Well, what do we think about the folks who are going to be displaced from the top? What are they going to think about all these people building all of these highly competitive businesses? And are they going to find a way to do, you know, what venture capital has done? Or what record producers have done? What they're going to do is they're going to take their superior position at the top, and they are going to take most of the wealth that is produced by all of these people who have these ideas that in a proper market would actually create businesses for them, and they're going to parasitize them.

• 57:39Steven Bartlett?

  I think that we, with this introduction of AI and AI agents, old value has moved. And now it's not going to be the case that the idea itself is the mote, and it's not going to be the case that resources are the mote. So in such a scenario, you still have to figure out distribution. You still have to have, for example, like an audience. So if you're a podcast and now you have a million followers on Twitter, you're in a prime position because you know how something that the guy with a great idea with no audience has, you have inbuilt distribution. So I now think actually much of the game might be moving to like, yeah, still about taste and idea, but also the motives, distribution.

• 58:20Speaker 02

  Yeah, and speaking of adaptive systems, one of the adaptation that will happen is people will seek humans and will seek proof of humanity.

• 58:30Speaker 01

  Oh, I agree that authenticity is going to become the coin of the realm. And anything that can be faked or cheated is going to be devalued. And things, you know, spontaneous jazz or, you know, comedy that is interactive enough that it couldn't possibly have been generated with the aid of AI, those things are going to become prioritized, you know, spontaneous oratory rather than speeches.

• 58:55Speaker 02

  That answers some of your questions.

• 58:57Speaker 01

  No, it answers my question for the tiny number of people who are in a position to do those things.

• 59:04Daniel Priestley?

  Stephen, you use the word mote, which I think is a really important word for entrepreneurs. We like, we like have to have a mote. We think a lot about motes and it's an industrial age. A lot of people don't even know what a mote, what you mean by mote.

• 59:16Steven Bartlett?

  It's just the thing that's.

• 59:17Daniel Priestley?

  I often think about this idea of what are the motes that are left?

• 59:20Steven Bartlett?

  So to define how I define a moat, you've got a castle and it's got a like a small circle of water around it. And once upon a time, that circle of water defended the castle from attack and you can pull up the drawbridge so nobody can attack you very easily. It's a defense from something. So it's your it's your shield, it's your your defense. And once upon a time, as an entrepreneur, you know, I've got a software company in San Francisco called Third Web, and we raised almost thirty million dollars. We have a team of fifty great developers. And much of our moat was, you can't compete with us because you don't have the fifty developers and the thirty million dollars in the bank. How much of that thirty million went to coding? The vast majority of it. I mean, what else are we gonna do? What else?

• 59:58Speaker 02

  This is a good thing. I think modes are a bad thing. Okay, let me make the argument there. So everyone is looking for modes, you know, for example, like one of the more significant modes is network effects. You know, so you can't compete with Facebook or Twitter because it to move people from Facebook or Twitter, you need to it's the collective action problem. You need to move them all at once because if one of them moves, then it's the the network is not valuable, they'll go back. So you have this chicken and egg problem. Let's say that we have a more decentralized way of doing social networks that will remove the power of Twitter to kind of censor. And I think you're at the

• 1:00:43Speaker 02

  other end of censorship, right? And so part of my optimism about humanity is that generally there's self correction. Democracy is a self correcting system. Free markets are largely self correcting systems. There are obvious problems with with free markets that we can discuss. But take health, you know, there is obesity epidemic, this period of time when companies, you know, ran loose kind of making this sugary, salty, fatty kind of snacks and everyone gorged on them and everyone got very, you know, unhealthy. And now you have Whole Foods everywhere. Today, people in Silicon Valley, they don't go to bars

• 1:01:27Speaker 02

  at all. They go to running clubs. That's how you meet. That's how you go find a date. You go to running clubs. And so there was a shift that happened because there was a reaction. Obviously, cigarettes is another example. You know, you were talking about phones and our addiction to phones, and I see a shift right now. Like in my friend circle. Like people who are constantly kind of on their phones is already kind of frowned upon. And they don't want to hang out with you because you're constantly staring on your phone. So there's always these reactions and.

• 1:01:59Speaker 01

  But the problem is, you you reference self correction. And I agree that there's actually an automatic feature of the universe in which the self correction happens. You can't have a positive feedback that isn't reined in by some outer negative feedback. But the corrections, the list of corrections involves things like you point to where people become enlightened and they realize that they're doing themselves harm with either the sugar that they're consuming or the dopamine traps on their phone, and they get better. But also on the list of corrective patterns are genocide and war and, you know, parasitism. And the problem is, these things are destructive of wealth.

• 1:02:42Speaker 01

  And so you allude to the superior fact of an open market without moats. Presumably, the benefit of that is that more wealth gets created because people aren't kept from doing things that are productive. I see that, but then what is the product of all of this new wealth that is going to be generated by a world empowered by AI? Does it end up so highly concentrated that you have a tiny number of ultra elites and a huge number of people who are utterly dependent on them? What becomes of those people? The learning process, the self correction process goes through harm in order to get to that more enlightened solution. There's nothing that protects us from the harm phase being so apocalyptically terrible

• 1:03:27Speaker 01

  that, you know, we get to the other side of it and we say, well, that was a hell of a correction. Or maybe there's nobody there to even say that. Those are also on the table.

• 1:03:35Speaker 02

  It reminds me of a mousetrap where you see the cheese and we go, oh, my God, my grandmother is going to be able to do some research and, oh, my God, my life's going to get easier. So you head closer and closer to the cheese.

• 1:03:44Speaker 01

  And then it snaps.

• 1:03:45Daniel Priestley?

  And historically, if we look at all of the last 10,000 years, it's a very small number of elites who own absolutely everything and a very large number of serfs and peasants who have a subsistence living.

• 1:03:58Speaker 01

  You know, if the elites are too greedy and they freeze out the peasants at too high a level and they try to use brutality.

• 1:04:04Daniel Priestley?

  Pitchforks.

• 1:04:05Speaker 01

  Yeah, eventually it comes back to haunt them. And so what you get is a recognition that you you need a system that does balance these things. And, you know, the West has the best system that we've ever seen. It's one in which we agree on a level playing field. We never achieve it, but we agree that it's a desirable thing. And the closer we get to it, the more wealth we create. But again, if AI empowers those with ill intent at a higher rate than it empowers those who are wealth creating and pro-social, we may be in for a massive regression in how fair the the market that the West.

• 1:04:45Speaker 02

  Is that your top concern versus economic displacement?

• 1:04:48Speaker 01

  And I think they're the same thing.

• 1:04:52Speaker 02

  How are they the same thing?

• 1:04:53Speaker 01

  Because the economic displacement is going to start. I don't know how many

• 1:05:00Speaker 01

  million people are going to be displaced from their jobs in the US. Suddenly, we're going to have a question about whether or not we have obligations to them.

• 1:05:08Steven Bartlett?

  You agree with that, don't you?

• 1:05:09Speaker 02

  Yes, but but again, it's the no pain, no gain. I mean, we're going to go through a period of disruption. And I think at the other end, the old, you know, sort of oppressive systems will be broken and we're going to create perhaps a fair world, but it's going to have its own its own problems.

• 1:05:27Steven Bartlett?

  And what's the scale of that disruption in your estimation?

• 1:05:30Speaker 02

  It's hard to say because, you know, there's this concept of limiting factors, like, you know, there is regulation, there's the appetite of people to today. For example, the healthcare system. Is very resistant to innovation because of regulation, you know? And that's a that's a bad thing.

• 1:05:49Steven Bartlett?

  On the regulation point, it's worth saying that when Trump came into power, he signed in a new law, which is called Removing Barriers to American Leadership in AI, which revokes previous AI policies that were deemed to be restrictive. And obviously, when you think about where the funding is going in AI, it's going to two places. It's going to America and it's basically going to China. That's the vast majority of investment. So with those two in competition, any regulation that restricts AI in any way is actually self sabotage. And this is, you know, I live in Europe some of the time. And it's already annoying to me that when Sam Altman and OpenAI released the O three model, this new incredible model, it's not in Europe because Europe has a regulation which prevents it from coming to Europe.

• 1:06:30Steven Bartlett?

  So we're now at a competitive disadvantage, which Sam Altman's spoken about. And more broadly, on this point of disruption, it was, I was quite unnerved when I heard that Sam Altman's other startup was called WorldCoin.

• 1:06:45Steven Bartlett?

  And WorldCoin was conceived with the goal of facilitating universal basic income, i.e. helping to create a system where people who don't have money are given money by the government just for being alive to help them cover their basic food and housing needs, which suggests to me that the guy that has built the biggest AI company in the world can see something that a lot of us can't see, which is there's going to be. Yeah, there's going to need to be a system to just hand out money to people because they're not going to be able to survive otherwise.

• 1:07:13Speaker 02

  I disagree. I fundamentally disagree with that.

• 1:07:15Steven Bartlett?

  Which part do you disagree with?

• 1:07:16Speaker 02

  I disagree that, first of all, that humans would be happy with UBI. I think that, you know, you know, a core value of humans, and be curious about the evolutionary reasons, is we want to be useful.

• 1:07:30Daniel Priestley?

  It's really important to know that a lot of the jobs that are in at risk are the most high status, highly paid jobs in the world. Let's take the highest paid job in America, which is an anesthesiologist. This is the highest paid job and.

• 1:07:44Speaker 02

  Highest paid salary job.

• 1:07:45Daniel Priestley?

  Salary job, yeah. And the majority of that job is observing a patient, knowing which type of medication would work best with their body, giving them the exact right amount, monitoring the impact of that on the on the body, and then making slight adjustments. The right technology and any nurse will be able to do that job. And you might have one anesthesiologist. On onsite supervising ten, twenty, thirty, forty wards. And the technology is, you know, doing the job, but that one person is there just to kind of supervise if something went wrong or if there was an ethical dilemma.

• 1:08:23Speaker 01

  What's wrong with that? I mean, if the precision is better with AI.

• 1:08:27Daniel Priestley?

  Oh, no, there's nothing wrong with that, except for the fact that a lot of people, hundreds of thousands of people have spent their entire life training to be that. They get an enormous amount of purpose and satisfaction about the fact that that's their career, that's their job, they have mortgages, they have houses, they have status, and that's about to go away.

• 1:08:45Speaker 02

  Well, if it's high-paid jobs, maybe you should start saving.

• 1:08:50Speaker 01

  Well, I mean, but I hear you. But you're talking about people who have done vital work, highly specialized work, and are therefore not in a great position to pivot based on the invention of a technology that they didn't see coming because frankly, I mean, in the abstract, maybe we all saw AI coming somewhere down the road, but we did not know that it was going to suddenly dawn. And we do have to figure out what to do with those people. It's not their fault that they've suddenly become obsolete. And it's inconceivable that people will accept this. It is fundamentally incompatible with our nature. We have to have things to strive for.

• 1:09:33Speaker 01

  And, you know, you can sustain life that way, but you cannot sustain a meaningful existence. And so it's a short-term plan at best.

• 1:09:44Steven Bartlett?

  Let's talk about meaning. On that point of job displacement, this is already happening. Klarna CEO, who has been on this podcast before, a great guy, said to, on a blog post that they published on Klarna's website, saying that they now have AI customer service agents handling 2.3 million chats per month, which is equal to having to hire 700 full-time people to do that. So they've already been able to save on 700 customer service people by having air agents to do that.

• 1:10:14Daniel Priestley?

  And they actually, they actually got rid of those 700 jobs, right?

• 1:10:17Steven Bartlett?

  I don't have that information in front of me, but I'll have a look. I'll throw it up on screen for anyone that wants context on that. But that's already happening. This isn't some neostatologist or something. And these aren't high-paid people in every case.

• 1:10:29Daniel Priestley?

  We've done something similar, by the way. We've internally, we've replaced that function for 70%.

• 1:10:36Speaker 02

  Yeah, I mean, our company, we're sixty five people. And, you know, we, you know, we make millions per head, you know, so it's a.

• 1:10:47Steven Bartlett?

  Are you gonna need to hire more people to get up to?

• 1:10:49Speaker 02

  I think so, but we're hiring slowly, like, you know, we're using customer support AI. And that meant that we we need less customer support. And we're trying to leverage AI as much as possible. The the person in HR at Rappler writes software using Rappler. So I'll give you an example. She needed org charts, software. And she looked at a bunch of them, got a lot of demos, and they're all very expensive. And they they're missing the kind of features that she want. For example, she wanted like virgin control. She wanted to know when when something changed and to go back in history. She went into Rappler and three days she got exactly the kind of software that she wants.

• 1:11:30Steven Bartlett?

  And what was the cost?

• 1:11:31Speaker 02

  You know, perhaps twenty dollars, you know, something like that, twenty, thirty dollars. Once, right? And how many employees in HR do we need? Right now, we have two. If if they're highly levered like that, maybe we do not need a twenty HR team.

• 1:11:48Steven Bartlett?

  On this point of meaning, I've heard so many billionaires in AI describe this as the age of abundance. And I'm not necessarily sure if abundance is always a great thing. Because, you know, when we look at mental health and we look at why, how people derive their meaning and their purpose in life, much of it is having something to strive towards and some struggle in a meaningful direction to you. And this is maybe adjacent, but when there was a study done, I think it was in Australia, where they looked at suicide letters. And in the suicide letters, the sentiment of men in those suicide letters was they didn't feel worthy. They didn't feel like they were worth it. They didn't feel like they were needed by their families. And this is much of what caused their psychological state.

• 1:12:33Steven Bartlett?

  And I wonder in a world of abundance where we, you know, a lot of these AI billionaires are telling us that we're gonna have so much free time and we're not gonna need to work. If there is at all gonna be a crisis of meaning, a mental health problem.

• 1:12:45Speaker 02

  I mean, there already is, and it doesn't require AI, and it's gonna get worse. I don't know what to do about it because essentially, as human beings, we are.

• 1:12:55Speaker 01

  Built like all organisms to find opportunity and figure out how to exploit it. That's what we do. And the world you're describing is really the opposite of that. It's one where you're effectively having your biological needs at the physiological level satisfied. And there isn't an obvious place for your spare time, if that's what you end up with, to be utilized in something that, you know, there's no place to strive. And I do imagine almost at best what would happen is you have people who are being sustained by a universal basic income and then parasitized.

• 1:13:37Speaker 01

  You know, whatever currency they have to spend, somebody will be targeting it and they will be targeting it with an AI augmented system that spots their defects of character. I mean, again, we're already living in this world, but it will be that much worse when the AI is figuring out, you know, what kind of porn to target you with specifically. That's, uh, it's a nightmare scenario. And I do think it would be worth our time as a species to start considering, if we are about to find ourselves in this situation and we find some way of dealing with the basic needs of the large number of people who are going to be sidelined. What would a world have to look like in order for them to have real meaning?

• 1:14:20Speaker 01

  Not pseudo meaning, not something that, you know, superficially, you know, a video game is not meaning, even if it feels very meaningful in the moment. I, I think that would be a worthy investment for us to figure out how to produce it. But frankly, I'm not expecting us to either have that conversation or get very far down that road. I think it's much more likely that we will squander the wealth dividend that will be produced by, by AI.

• 1:14:45Steven Bartlett?

  Interestingly, you also see in Western countries that when we get more abundance, we start having less kids. And we're already seeing this sort of population decline in the Western world, which is, was kind of scary. And I think it's often associated with affluence. The more money someone makes, the less likely they are to want to want to have children, the more they try and protect their freedoms. But also on this point of AI. Relationships are hard, you know. My girlfriend is happy sometimes and not happy other times. And I have to like, you know, go through that struggle with her of like, working on the relationship. Children are hard. And if we are optimizing ourselves and you know, much of the reason that I sustain the struggle with my girlfriend is, I'm sure from some evolutionary reason, because I want to reproduce and I want to have kin.

• 1:15:30Steven Bartlett?

  But if I didn't have to deal with the struggle that comes with human relationships, romantic or platonic. There's going to be a proportion of people that actually choose that outcome. And I wonder what's going to happen to birth rates and such a scenario, because we're already struggling. We're already in a situation where we used to be having five children per woman in the 1950s to about two in 2021. And we're seeing a decline. If you look at South Korea, their fertility rate has fallen to point seven two, the lowest recorded globally. And if this trend continues, the country's population could halve by 2100.

• 1:16:11Steven Bartlett?

  So yeah, relationships, connections. And also, I guess we've got to overlay that with the loneliness epidemic, which is. They promised us social connection when social media came about. When we got wifi connections, the promise was that we would become more connected. But it's so clear that because we spend so long alone, isolated, having our needs met by Uber Eats drivers and social media and TikTok and the internet, that we're investing less in the very difficult thing of like going and making a friend. And like going and finding a girlfriend, young people having sex less than ever before. Everything that is associated with the difficult job of making in real life connections seems to be falling away.

• 1:16:52Speaker 02

  I'll make the case that everything that we've discussed here, all the negative things around loneliness, around meaning, they're already here.

• 1:17:03Speaker 02

  And I don't think blaming technology for all of it is the right thing. Like, I think there are a lot of things that happened because of existing human impulses and motivations.

• 1:17:19Speaker 01

  Well, I wanted to go back to where you started because I do think that this maybe is the fundamental question. Why is it that we are already living in a world that is not making us happy? And is that the responsibility of technology? And I don't think it's exactly technology. Human beings among our gifts are fundamentally technological, whether we're talking about quantum computing or flint napping an arrowhead.

• 1:17:46Speaker 01

  What has happened to us that has created the growing, spreading, morphing dystopia is a process that Heather and I in our book, Hunter Gatherer's Guide to the 21st Century, call hyper novelty. Hyper novelty is the fact of the rate of change outpacing our capacity to adapt to change. And we are already well past the threshold here where the world that we are young in is not the world that we are adults in. And that mismatch is making us sick across multiple different domains. So the question that I ask is, is the change that you're talking about going to reduce the rate of change?

• 1:18:31Speaker 01

  In which case, we could build a world that would start meeting human needs better, open opportunities for pursuing meaningful work? Or is it going to accelerate the rate of change, which is, in my opinion, guaranteed to make us worse off? So if it was a one-time shift, right? AI is going to dawn. It's going to open all sorts of new opportunities. There's going to be a tremendous amount of disruption. But from that, we'll be able to build a world. Is that world going to be stable? Or is it going to be just, you know, one event horizon after the next? If it's the latter, then it effectively says what it does to the humans, which is it's going to dismantle us.

• 1:19:10Daniel Priestley?

  When I look out at society, I go, okay, it's having a negative impact. When I look at individual use cases, it's having a profoundly positive impact. Including for me, it's having a very positive impact. So it's one of these things where I wonder, what is it that we need to teach people at school? So that they understand the world that we're going into. Cause one of the biggest issues that we're having is that we're sending kids to school with this blueprint, this template, that they're going to have this long arc career that no longer exists, that essentially we're treating them like learning L L Ms. And we're saying, okay, we're going to prompt you, you're going to give us the right answer. You're going to hallucinate it if possible and, you know.

• 1:19:53Daniel Priestley?

  And then we go, okay, now go off into the world. And they go, oh, but wait a second, I don't know how money works. I don't know how society works. I don't know how my brain works. I don't know how I'm meant to handle this novelty problem. I'm not sure how to approach someone in a, in a social situation and ask if they want to go on a date. So all the important things that actually are the important milestones that people want to be able to hit and that technology can actually have an impact on, we get no user manual. So I think one of the biggest things that has to happen is we have to equip young people all through school that, to actually prepare them for the world that's coming or the world that's here.

• 1:20:33Speaker 01

  Well, on the one hand, I think you, you outlined the problem very well. Effectively, we have a model of what school is supposed to do that, you know, at best was sort of a match for the fifties or something like that. And it woefully misses the mark with respect to preparing people for the world they actually face.

• 1:20:53Speaker 01

  If we were going to prepare them, I would argue that the only toolkit worth having at the moment is a highly general toolkit. The capacity to think on your feet and pivot as things change is the only game in town with respect to our ability to prepare you in advance. Maybe the, the other auxiliary component to that would be teaching you what we know, which is frankly not enough about how to live a healthy life, right? If we could. If we could induce people into the kinds of habits of behavior and consumption of food and then train them to think on their feet, they might have a chance in the world that's coming.

• 1:21:34Speaker 01

  But the fly in the ointment is we don't have the teachers to do it. We don't have people who know, and that is the question is could the AI actually be utilized in this manner to actually induce the right habits of mind for people to live in that world?

• 1:21:52Speaker 02

  I spent a lot of time in education technology. One thing that is, as we say on the internet, a black pill about education in general, education intervention, is there's a lot of data that shows that there are very little interventions you can make in education to generate better outcomes. And so, you know, there's been a lot of experiment around pedagogy, around, you know, how to configure the classroom that have resulted in very marginal improvements. There's only one intervention, and this has been reproduced many times, that creates two sigma, two standard deviation,

• 1:22:33Speaker 02

  positive outcomes in education, meaning you're better than 99% of everyone else. And that is one-on-one tutoring.

• 1:22:42Steven Bartlett?

  I thought so. I was gonna say smaller classrooms and personalization.

• 1:22:45Speaker 02

  One-on-one tutoring, yeah. And by the way, if you look, someone also did a survey of all the geniuses, the Einstein's of the world, and found that they all had one-on-one tutoring. They all had someone in their lives that took interest in them and tutored them. So what can create one-on-one tutoring opportunity for every child in the world?

• 1:23:05Daniel Priestley?

  AI.

• 1:23:06Speaker 02

  AI.

• 1:23:06Daniel Priestley?

  My kids use it and it's incredible.

• 1:23:08Speaker 02

  Yeah.

• 1:23:08Daniel Priestley?

  As in like, they're interacting and it's adapting to their speed.

• 1:23:13Speaker 02

  Yes.

• 1:23:13Daniel Priestley?

  And it's giving them different analogies to work with. So like, you know, my son was learning about division and it's asking him to smash glass and how many pieces he smashes it into with this hammer and, you know, and it's saying things like, no, Xander, go for it. Really smash it. And he's loving it, right?

• 1:23:31Speaker 02

  Is that synthesis?

• 1:23:32Daniel Priestley?

  Yeah.

• 1:23:33Speaker 02

  Yeah, I'm an investor in this company.

• 1:23:36Daniel Priestley?

  It's great to watch that simulated one-on-one tutoring because it's talking to him. It's asking him questions.

• 1:23:43Steven Bartlett?

  Brett, you're an educator. You've spent much of your life teaching people in universities. How do you receive all of this?

• 1:23:50Speaker 01

  Well, on the one hand, I agree that the closer to one to one you get, the better. But I also personally believe that zero to one is best. And what I mean by that is part of what's gone wrong with our educational system is that it is done through abstraction. And effectively, the arbiter of whether you have succeeded or failed in learning the lesson is the person at the front of the room. And that's okay if the person at the front of the room is truly insightful. And it's terrible if the person at the front of the room is lackluster, which happens a lot.

• 1:24:33Speaker 01

  So what doesn't work that way is interaction with the physical world in which nobody has to tell you whether you've succeeded or failed. If you're faced with an engine that doesn't start, you can't argue it into starting. You have to figure out what the thing is that has caused it to fail. And then there's a great reward when you alter that thing and suddenly it fires up. So I'm a big fan of being as light handed as possible and as concrete as possible in teaching. In other words, when I've done it, and not just with students, but with my own children, I like to say as little as possible. And I like to let physical systems tell the person when they've succeeded or failed. And that creates an understanding.

• 1:25:17Speaker 01

  You can extrapolate from one system to the next. And you know that you're not just extrapolating from one person's misunderstanding, you're extrapolating from the way things actually work. So I don't know if AI can be leveraged in that context. My sense is there's probably a way to do it, but one would have to be deliberate about it.

• 1:25:36Steven Bartlett?

  Especially with robotics and humanoid robots.

• 1:25:38Speaker 01

  Actually, that is, that is the place where, where you can do this is with robotics.

• 1:25:46Speaker 01

  It seems to me, yeah, well, robotics will teach you the physical computing part of it. And then the question is, how do you infuse this with AI so that it is that it, you know, it provokes you out of some Eddie where you're caught and moves you into the ability to solve some next level problem that you wouldn't have found on your own.

• 1:26:07Daniel Priestley?

  What do you think should be taught in the classroom with everything that you now know?

• 1:26:11Steven Bartlett?

  Well, you're all fathers here. You will have your own children. So it's a good question for you.

• 1:26:18Daniel Priestley?

  How old are your kids? How old are your kids?

• 1:26:20Speaker 02

  Three and five.

• 1:26:21Speaker 01

  Nineteen and twenty one.

• 1:26:23Daniel Priestley?

  And six, seven, and ten.

• 1:26:25Speaker 02

  My children are very young, but we already do use AI. And I sit down with them in front of Repl and we generate ideas and make make games. And I would say, you know, what Brett said about generality is very important, the ability to pivot and kind of learn skills quickly. Being generative is very, very important. Having a, you know, a fast pace of generating ideas and iterating of those ideas. We sit down in front of Chat GPT and my kid imagines scenario. What if there's a there's a cat on the moon? And then, you know, what if the moon is made of cheese? And what if there's a mouse inside it? And so we keep generating these variations of these different ideas. And I find that,

• 1:27:08Speaker 02

  you know, makes them more imaginative and creative.

• 1:27:12Speaker 01

  Rule number one that I tell my kids is stay away from porn at all costs. I'd rather you have a drug problem than a porn problem. And I actually mean that. I think it's I think porn is more dangerous to the to the human being as as bad as a drug problem is. But when we get to the question of how to confront the world and the things that you're going to be expected to do in the workplace and all of that, my point to them is.

• 1:27:39Speaker 01

  You are facing the the dawning of the age of complex systems that you are going to have to interact with. And in the age of complex systems, you have to understand that you cannot blueprint a solution. And you have to approach these systems with a upgraded toolkit of humility, because the ability of the system to do something you don't predict is much greater than a highly complicated system. So you have to anticipate that and be very sensitive to the fact that what you intended to happen is not what's going to happen. So you have to monitor the unintended consequences of whatever your action is, and that there are really two tools which work,

• 1:28:22Speaker 01

  one of which you just mentioned, which is the prototyping. You prototype things. You don't imagine that I know the solution to this and I'm going to build it. You imagine, I think there's a solution down there. I'm going to make a proof of concept and then I'm going to discover what I don't know. And I'm going to make the next version, discover what I don't know. And eventually you may get to something that actually truly accomplishes the goal. So prototyping is one thing. And also, instead of using the blueprint as the metaphor in your mind, navigate, you can navigate somewhere. And you know that the way I think of it is a surfer is in some ways mastering a complex system. But they're not doing it by planning their days surfing down the waves. You can't do that.

• 1:29:06Speaker 01

  What you can do is you can be expert at absorbing feedback and navigating your way down the wave, and that that's the right approach for a complex system. Nothing else is going to work. And so I guess the final piece is general tools, always. No specialization. This is this is the age of generalists and invest in those tools and they will pay.

• 1:29:30Daniel Priestley?

  So the guiding philosophy for me is to produce high agency generalists. So ultimately, I want them to be motivated, self-starters and have a wide general toolkit. I imagine them very much what you imagine, which is instructing robots, instructing agents, coming up with ideas, and I imagine them having a very high velocity life where they may be writing a book, organising a festival, having a podcast, starting a business and being part of somebody else's business all at once.

• 1:30:00Steven Bartlett?

  As they are of the ADHD.

• 1:30:01Daniel Priestley?

  Yeah. So the high agency generalist is the kind of guiding philosophy. Some of the things that we do is like, we do chess, we do Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, we do dancing, we do acting classes, playing in nature, entrepreneurship, understanding that you can start a lemonade. We just did lemonade stands, which was amazing. We sold lots of lemonade on the street. So those kind of things and jumping from one thing to the next thing, but also trying to avoid too many screens and forcing them into making stuff from what's going on around the house. Some distinctions that we try and give them is the difference between creating and consuming, because I think AI has this superpower of making you a hyper consumer or a hyper creator.

• 1:30:45Daniel Priestley?

  And if you don't understand the distinction between creation and consumption, you end up falling into the consumption trap, whether it be porn or just news or things that feel like you're productive, but you're actually just consuming stuff.

• 1:30:59Steven Bartlett?

  Won't that be the most successful AI? The one that plays with my dopamine the most?

• 1:31:05Daniel Priestley?

  Yeah, and makes you and makes you think that you're achieving something when you're actually just consuming something. So trying to give them the understanding that there is this difference in their life between creation and consumption and to be on the creation side.

• 1:31:19Steven Bartlett?

  I started my first business at 12 years old and I started more businesses at 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18. And at that time, what I didn't realise is that being a founder with no money meant that I also had to be the marketer, the sales rep, the finance team, customer service and the recruiter. But if you're starting a business today. Thankfully, there's a tool that wears all of those hats for you, our sponsor today, which is Shopify. Because of all of its AI integrations, using Shopify feels a bit like you've hired an entire growth team from day one, taking care of writing product descriptions, your website design, and enhancing your product's images. Not to mention the bits you'd expect Shopify to handle, like the shipping, like the taxes, like the inventory. And if you're looking to

• 1:32:04Steven Bartlett?

  get your business started, go to Shopify.com/Bartlett and sign up for a $1 per month trial. That's Shopify.com/Bartlett. The thing that we, I think, all agree on is that this is inevitable. Do you agree with that, Brad?

• 1:32:21Speaker 01

  I think it's sad that it is inevitable, but at this point it is.

• 1:32:25Steven Bartlett?

  And what part of it do you find sad?

• 1:32:29Speaker 01

  We have squandered a long period of productivity and peace in which we could have prepared for this moment. And our narrow focus on competition has created a fragile world that I'm afraid is not going to survive the disruption that's coming. And it didn't have to be that way. This was foreseeable. I mean, frankly, the movie 2001, which came out the year before I was born, anticipates some of these problems. And, you know, we treated it too much like education.

• 1:33:11Speaker 01

  I mean, like entertainment and not enough like education. So we are now, you know, we've had the AI era opened without a discussion about its implications for humanity. There is now, for game theoretic reasons, no way to slow that pace. Because as you point out, if we restrain ourselves, we simply put the AI in the hands of our competitors. That's not a solution. So I don't advocate it. But there's a lot more preparation we could have done. We could have recognized that there were a lot of people in jobs that were about to be obliterated. And we could have thought deeply about what the moral implications were and what the...

• 1:33:52Speaker 02

  Solutions at our disposal might have been and having not prepared, it's going to be a lot more carnage than it needed to be.

• 1:33:59Steven Bartlett?

  I'm John. I heard you say a second ago that what we should be talking about is how we deal with job displacement. Do you have any theories if you were prime minister or president of the world? And your job was to deal with job displacement, let's just say in the United States, how would you go about that?

• 1:34:17Speaker 02

  The first thing I would do is teach people about these systems, whether it's programs on the TV or outreach or what have you, just trying to get people to understand how chat GPT works, how these algorithms work. And as the new jobs arrive, I think, you know, there's going to be an opportunity for people to be able to detect that, you know, the this job requires this set of skills and I have this this kind of experience. And although my experience are potentially outdated, I can repurpose that experience to do that job. I'll give you an example, a teacher, his name is Adil Khan.

• 1:35:00Speaker 02

  You know, he started using at the time GPT three and felt like it does amazing work as a tools for teachers or even potentially a teacher itself. So he learned a little bit of coding and he went on Rappler and he built this company. And just two years later, they're worth hundreds of millions of dollars. Obviously, not everyone will be able to create businesses of that scale. But because you have an experience in a certain domain, you'll be able to build the next iteration of that using technology. So even if your job was displaced, you'll be able to figure out, you know, what's what's potentially, what potentially comes after that.

• 1:35:42Speaker 02

  So I think people's expertise that they built, I don't think they're all for waste, even if your job went away.

• 1:35:51Daniel Priestley?

  You can never really predict what jobs are coming. I mean, I think of this crazy situation where I tell my grandfather, what is a personal fitness trainer? And he would, his mind would be blown by this idea that, well, okay, I don't really wanna go to the gym. So I have to make an appointment and pay someone to go to the gym and meet with me there. And then he stands there and tells me to lift heavy things that I don't really wanna lift. And then he counts them and tells me that I've done a good job. And then I put the heavy things down. And then at the end of that, I feel really good and I pay him a bunch of money. My grandfather would be like, what on earth have you been scammed? Is this? So we can never predict what, what this future of jobs would look like. Even just twenty, thirty, forty years apart,

• 1:36:36Daniel Priestley?

  the jobs rapidly and convincingly just can morph into something else. I think it's very dangerous, the idea that we need to focus on skills. I think the future is not in skills. Skills are being replaced. It's this idea that the education system has to stop being compartmentalized and has to be a lifelong learning approach. The Department of Education needs to be seeing people as lifelong learners who are constantly disrupted and need re-education. Interesting. That that's gonna be a thing. The Department of Education needs to start as a kid and go right through to maybe seventy. Does the Department of Education have a role anymore at all? Depends on your definition of education. I think if you're trying to teach kids or if you're trying to teach kids to,

• 1:37:19Daniel Priestley?

  you know, remember facts and figures from a history book, then no. But if it's about coaching, mentoring, being displaced, finding the next thing, and maybe if it's AI driven and all of those kind of things, then it's a different paradigm shift around what education is and what its purpose is. And if we see it as a fluid thing where we wave into an opportunity and then wave back into education, spotting a new opportunity and then back here. If we're learning, rather than skills, but we're learning tools. So it's a tools-based education as opposed to a skills-based education. The, the purpose of education for most of human history was about virtue, about becoming a great person who had good judgment and who had good values. And we don't really do much of that anymore.

• 1:38:02Daniel Priestley?

  But I think if we essentially said, if we get back to, what is, if we ask the question, what is the purpose of education? And where does it fit in our lives? And what timeframe does it go for? And then we just trust that people are going to come up with. Weird and wonderful jobs. You know, this is, sounds crazy, but also, and this is a weird analogy. My cat is incredibly happy.

• 1:38:28Steven Bartlett?

  How do you know?

• 1:38:29Daniel Priestley?

  Well, it demonstrates all the characteristics of, of being a happy cat. And it lives in a world of superintelligence, as far as it's concerned. So there's this house and food just magically happens. It has no idea that there's this Google calendar that runs a lot of things that happen around it. The food gets delivered, the, the money is magically made by something that is inconceivably more intelligent than the cat. And yet the cat has evolved to be, living this life of purpose and meaning inside the house. And as far as it's aware, it, it's got a great life.

• 1:39:02Steven Bartlett?

  But you have the power at any moment, if you're having a bad day, to do something not so pleasant to that cat. And it can't really reciprocate that.

• 1:39:11Daniel Priestley?

  Exactly, but, but what's in it for me to hurt the cat? Because the, in this analogy.

• 1:39:18Steven Bartlett?

  You might want to move house and the landlord doesn't allow cats. So you've got a decision to make.

• 1:39:22Daniel Priestley?

  Of course, yeah, there are things that the cat is highly disrupted by due to no fault of the cat. I get it. But as far as cat existence goes and the, and the history of cats, if you were to ask that cat, do you want to trade, trade places with any of the other cats that came before you? It would probably say, I don't want to take the risk because all the other cats had to fend for themselves in a way that I don't have to. It's very possible that we end up living in a life a lot like the house cat. In the sense that from our perspective, we're extremely, like we're having very interesting lives and purpose, meaning, and just there's this massive higher intelligence that's just running stuff. And we don't know how it works, but it doesn't really matter whether, how it works.

• 1:40:07Daniel Priestley?

  We, we, we are the beneficiaries of it and it, it's doing important things and we're enjoying being house cats in, in its, in its life.

• 1:40:14Speaker 01

  I have a few things to say about this. One, I'm pretty sure your cat's not as impressed with. Your capacity as you are, or as you think he is, I just know cats well enough to be pretty sure of that, but.

• 1:40:25Daniel Priestley?

  It looks down on me. Yeah, you're right.

• 1:40:27Speaker 01

  I think it's a fair, it's a fair point that there is an existence. And actually, you know, pets really do have it. If they have loving owners, they really do have it pretty great. And I would also point out that there's a way in which we already are this way. Most of us do not understand the process that results in electricity coming out of the walls of our house, or the water that comes out of the tap. And we're pretty much okay with the fact that somebody takes care of that. And we can busy ourselves with whatever it might be. But the place that I find something troubling in your description is that you say that the nature of what we do is to deal with the fact that jobs are always being upended. That's a very new process. That is the hyper novelty process. It used

• 1:41:12Speaker 01

  to be that it was only very rarely that a population had a circumstance where you didn't effectively do exactly what your immediate ancestors did, right? In general, you took what the jobs were, you picked something that was suited to you, and you did that thing.

• 1:41:31Daniel Priestley?

  Intergenerationally.

• 1:41:32Speaker 01

  Intergenerationally. And the point is, we've now gotten to the point where even within your lifetime, what is possible to get paid for is going to shift radically in ways that nobody can predict. And that is a dangerous situation.

• 1:41:47Daniel Priestley?

  Like probably every two years, like two or three years.

• 1:41:49Speaker 01

  Right. And so maybe there's some model by which we can surf that wave and you can learn a generalist toolkit and, you know, that your survival doesn't depend on your being able to, you know, switch up every two years and never miss a beat. Or maybe we can't. But I do think it is worth asking the question, if the rate of technological change has taken us out of the normal human circumstance of being able to deduce what you might do for a living based on what your ancestors did, and put us in a situation where what your ancestors did is going to be perfectly irrelevant, no matter what. But that is effectively a choice that has been made for us.

• 1:42:31Speaker 01

  And we could choose to slow the rate of change so that we would live in some kind of harmony where our developmental environment and our adult environment were a match. Now, as a biologist, I would argue if we don't do something like that, this is a matter of time.

• 1:42:49Daniel Priestley?

  How would we change, how do we slow the rate of change?

• 1:42:52Speaker 02

  Well, I mean, you can, you can, you can be the Amish, right? You can be the Amish and live in your own communities and, and I would assume some people would, would want that.

• 1:43:00Speaker 01

  Well, I'm, you know, when Heather and I wrote our book, I wanted the first chapter to be, are the Amish right? And the answer is they can't be exactly right because they picked an arbitrary moment to step off the escalator. But are they right that there's something dangerous about this continuing pattern of technological change? Clearly they are.

• 1:43:20Steven Bartlett?

  What do Amish do for anyone that doesn't know?

• 1:43:22Speaker 01

  The Amish live as if it was, what, 1880?

• 1:43:29Daniel Priestley?

  1850 or something.

• 1:43:30Speaker 01

  So they live in a, they don't use cars. They, I think they do have phones, but they do not have electricity. Basically, they, they voluntarily accept a techno, they're basically a Luddite community. And they have turned out to fare surprisingly well against many of the things that have upended modern folks.

• 1:43:52Speaker 02

  Covid, one of them, right?

• 1:43:53Speaker 01

  Yeah, Covid, they did beautifully.

• 1:43:55Daniel Priestley?

  Quite happy people.

• 1:43:56Speaker 01

  Very low autism rates. They, they have all sorts of advantages. So anyway, I'm not arguing that we should live like the Amish. I don't see that. But I do think the idea that they had an insight, which was you need to step off that escalator because you're just going to keep making yourself sicker is probably right. Now, maybe this is a one-time shift. We've stepped over the event horizon. We are going to be living in the AI world. And maybe if we're careful about it, we can figure out how to turn that landscape of infinite possibility that you're describing into a place that doesn't change, that you always have the opportunity to decide what needs to be done, but that none, that, that living over that event horizon is not an ever-changing process.

• 1:44:41Speaker 01

  It's just the next frontier.

• 1:44:44Steven Bartlett?

  I do want to also propose or ask the question, when we talk about our hyper-changing world, isn't it harder for older people to learn because of the, the way that the brain works in terms of processing speed and memory flexibility? So I was wondering if you're going to get a situation where like my father had because of his brain and the reduced memory flexibility and processing speed that happens when you're older is going to struggle significantly more than my niece who can seem to learn. I mean, my niece knows five languages and she's seven or something crazy like that.

• 1:45:15Speaker 01

  Five languages.

• 1:45:15Steven Bartlett?

  But I mean, the brain is much more plastic, isn't it? So the it's and that goes back to our evolutionary psychology, which you know much evolutionary history, which you know much more than I do about of we're meant to learn our lessons when we're young, use that information for a lifetime. But if that information's changing quickly.

• 1:45:31Speaker 01

  Well, that's I mean, this is exactly what I'm pointing to. It is not normal for your developmental environment to fail to prepare you for your adult environment. The normal thing is as a young person, you take on ever more of the responsibilities of the adult environment. And then at some point, you know, in a properly functioning culture, there's a rite of passage. You go into the bush for 10 days, you come back with, you know, a, a, a large, you know, game animal. And now you're an adult and you take that program that you've been building and you activate it. And that is normal. And, you know, you're a lot happier person, you're a lot more fulfilled if your life has that kind of continuity to it.

• 1:46:15Speaker 01

  And, you know, I'm not against the idea that we have enabled ourselves to do things that can't be done if that's the, the limit. But we have also harmed ourselves gravely. And I would like to somehow pry apart our ability to improve our well being from our self inflicted wounds that come from this never ending pace of change. And I don't know if it's possible, but I think it's a worthy goal.

• 1:46:46Speaker 02

  Something amusing, I don't know if it's exactly how to point, but.

• 1:46:51Speaker 02

  During COVID especially and you know through the recent technological change, some people have started living closer to the more ancestral environment. So people whose jobs are online, some of my friends like went and built communities, like collectives where they you know live and they they create farms and they they eat and then they eat and they have like an email job. They do their email jobs for five hours and and go out and they're all have children and it's it's a fascinating life. And there was so much rethinking in in Silicon Valley about how we live. And there's a bunch of startups that are trying to create cities where they're like,

• 1:47:33Speaker 02

  okay, we know that we've we're suffering because our cities are not really walkable. And there's so many reasons why we're suffering. First, we're not getting the movement. Second, there's a social aspect of walkable city where you're able to interact with people. You'll make friends by just happening to be in the same place as others. Let's actually build walkable cities. And if we want to, you know, transport faster, we'll have these self-driving cars on the perimeter of the city that are going around. And I think there are ways in which technology can afford us to to live in a way that reverses, I I guess, in a more local way.

• 1:48:16Speaker 01

  I like that vision, but I also am aware that there's a different vision, right? You see people in Palo Alto, for example, actually exerting, you know, very strong controls on how much their children are exposed to, you know, to phones and.

• 1:48:32Speaker 02

  I live in Palo Alto.

• 1:48:33Speaker 01

  Yeah, so so you see that. On the other hand, what I am worried about is that the the elites of Palo Alto don't realize that what they're doing is they're figuring out how to reduce the harm to their own families as they're exporting the harm to the world of these technologies that for everybody else are unregulated. And so the question is. Can we bring everybody along? If the AI revolution is going to alter our relationship to work and everything else, can we bring everybody along so that at the end of this process, instead of saying, well, you know, it's a shame that, you know, three billion people were sacrificed to this transition, but progress is progress. We can really say, well, we figured it out.

• 1:49:17Speaker 01

  And everybody now is living in a style that is closer to their programming and closer to the expectations of their physical bodies. You know, if that were true, then I would, I would be, I would love to be wrong in my fears about what's coming. Um, but unfortunately, the market is not going to solve this problem without our being deliberate about forcing it to.

• 1:49:41Daniel Priestley?

  What's your biggest fear? Like when you say my fears about what's coming, what do you like? What's, what's the picture that comes in your mind?

• 1:49:47Speaker 01

  Oh, it's a whole different topic, actually. Um, my, my fear coming stemming from technology uh, and AI is that this is a runaway process and that that runaway process is going to interface very badly with some latent human programs that in effect, the need for workers largely disappears. And the people who are at the head of the processes that result in that elimination for the need for workers, start talking about useless eaters. Maybe they come up with a new term this time.

• 1:50:21Daniel Priestley?

  Thin the herd.

• 1:50:22Speaker 01

  Yep, or they allow it to be thin or something.

• 1:50:25Steven Bartlett?

  Right, I've heard you talk about the five key concerns you have or the five key threats you have before. Could you name those five?

• 1:50:32Speaker 01

  So the first one is the one I worry least about. I don't worry zero about it, but I worry least about it, which is the malevolent AI uh, that the doomers are so focused on. The second one is the idea that, you know, an AI can be misaligned, not because it has divergent interests, but because it just misunderstands what you've asked. These autonomous agents, you know, the famous example is you ask them to produce as many paperclips as possible and they start liquidating the universe to make paperclips. And, you know, it's a, it's a sorcerer's apprentice kind of issue. The third one I would say is actually all of the remainder of them, I would say are guaranteed and um,

• 1:51:14Speaker 01

  The third of them is the derangement of human intellect. That we are already living in a world where it's very difficult to know what the facts even mean. Right? The facts are so filtered and we are so persuaded by algorithms that it's, you know, our ability to be confident even in the basic facts, even within our own disciplines, sometimes is at an all time low and it's getting worse. And that problem takes a giant leap forward at the point that you have the ability to generate undetectable deep fakes. Right? That's going to alter the world very radically when the fact that you're looking

• 1:51:58Speaker 01

  at videotape of somebody robbing a bank doesn't mean that they robbed a bank or that a bank was even robbed. So anyway, I call this.

• 1:52:06Steven Bartlett?

  We deal with this a lot, by the way. I think every single week, every single week I send my, I have a chat with people that just are now basically spending, I'd say 30% of their time dealing with deep fakes of me doing crypto scams, inviting people to Telegram groups and then asking them for credit card details. We had one on X. I think you probably saw it, Dan, didn't you, of me? But someone was running out deep fake ads on X of me. And it wasn't just one ad. It was like, it was like swatting flies. There was 10 of them and I messaged them to X and there was 10 more. Then the day after there was 10 more, then the day after there was 10 more. Then it started happening on Meta. So it's a video of me basically asking you to come to a Telegram group where people are being scammed and audience members of mine are being scammed. And when I send them to Meta, they thankfully

• 1:52:50Steven Bartlett?

  remove them. But then there's five more. So I don't want a LinkedIn yesterday and my DMs are, Steve, by the way, there's this new scam. I actually, at this point, I'd need someone full time just sending this over to Meta.

• 1:53:02Daniel Priestley?

  I'm the same, but on a small scale. Every week, it's, did you really message me on Facebook, asking me for my crypto wallet and blah, blah, blah?

• 1:53:10Steven Bartlett?

  My least favorite ones, when the single mother messages me saying that she just paid £500 of her money and how devastated she is. And I feel this moral obligation to give her her money back because she's fallen for some kind of scam. That was me. It was my voice. It was a video of me telling her something.

• 1:53:26Speaker 02

  I don't know. I don't know how you deal with that. But sorry, do continue.

• 1:53:29Speaker 01

  Well, I mean, that's actually on the list here. The massive disruption to the way things function, both because people are going to be unemployed in huge numbers and because those who are not abiding by our social contract are going to find themselves empowered more than the people who do. So in this case, not only is this poor woman, you know, now out 500 bucks for whatever the scam was, but you've also been robbed. Whether or not you pay her back for the thing that she thought she purchased, your credibility is being stolen by somebody and you have no capacity to prevent it. This has happened to me also, and it is profoundly disturbing.

• 1:54:09Speaker 01

  And it is only one of a dozen different ways that AI enables those who are absolutely willing to shrink the pie from which we all derive in order to enlarge their slice. You know, there are innumerable ways that this can happen. And I think people do not see it coming. They don't understand how many different ways they are going to be robbed every bit as surely as if somebody was printing money. And then the last one is that this just simply accelerates demographic processes that

• 1:54:48Speaker 01

  do potentially result in the unleashing of technologies that preexisted AI. You know, this this can easily result in an escalation into wars that turn nuclear. So anyway, I think that list could probably be augmented at this point now that we've, you know, spent a little time in the AI era, we can begin to put a little more flesh on the bones, both of what is possible in this era and what we should fear.

• 1:55:18Speaker 02

  One of those, you you mentioned that truth, you know, the problem of truth. Would you say, just a thought experiment, someone today, like an average person, college educated, say, person, are they more propagandized or led astray than someone in Soviet Russia?

• 1:55:41Speaker 01

  Well, I don't know because I didn't live in Soviet Russia. But my understanding from people who did was that there was a wide awareness that the propaganda wasn't true. Doesn't mean they knew what to believe, but there was a cynicism, which is one of my fears here is that you're really stuck choosing between two bad options. In a world where you can't tell what is true, you can either be overly credulous and be a sucker all the time, or you can become a cynic and you can be paralyzed by the fact that you just don't believe anything. But neither of those is a recipe for-

• 1:56:16Speaker 02

  Do you think Google search first and maybe now ChatGPT has helped people more or less to find truth?

• 1:56:24Speaker 01

  I think, that's not ChatGPT exactly, but all of the various AI engines-

• 1:56:30Speaker 02

  Who's starting with Google?

• 1:56:31Speaker 01

  Have briefly enhanced our capacity to know what's true because in fact, they allow us to see through the algorithmic manipulation. Because the AI is not well policed. You can get it to recognize patterns that people will swear are not true. And so anyway, a lot of us have found it useful in just simply unhooking the gaslighting. So that's been very positive. But I also remember the early days of search. And search used to be a matter of, there are some pages out there. I don't know where they are. Here's a mechanized something that's looked through this stuff and just point me at the direction of things that contain these words. Right?

• 1:57:12Speaker 01

  Before the algorithmic manipulation started steering us into believing pure nonsense because somebody who controlled these things decided it was useful for us to believe those things. So my guess is, at the moment, AI is enhancing our ability to see more clearly, but that really depends on some kind of agreement to protect that capacity that I'm not aware of us having.

• 1:57:36Steven Bartlett?

  Angela, you implying there that AI will protect us from AI, i.e. the woman that got scammed in my audience, the platforms would have a tool built in which would be able to identify shortly that that is not me and that ad has been launched by someone in another country potentially. And then also when she starts being asked for her credit card details in such a way on Telegram 10 minutes later, the system will be able to understand there that this is probably a scam at that touch point too. And it will also be the defense, not just the offense.

• 1:58:07Speaker 02

  First thing, the question, is Meta incentivized to solve this problem?

• 1:58:13Steven Bartlett?

  Yes.

• 1:58:13Speaker 02

  Yes. And so Meta is probably actively working on AIs. And again, it's going to be a cat and mouse game, like every abuse that happens out there. So I think that the market will naturally respond to things like that. In the same way that, you know, we installed antiviruses, as annoying as they are, I think we'll install AIs on our computers that will allow us to at least help us sort the fake from the true.

• 1:58:42Speaker 01

  Well, but let's take the example you say, is Meta incentivized to solve this problem? Superficially, it seems that it should be. But how many times in recent history have we watched a corporation cannibalize its own business over what at best is the bizarre desires of its shareholders? Right? Why was X throwing off people with large accounts or Facebook or Google? It would seem that you would expect, based on the market, choosing search engines or social media sites, you would expect these companies to be absolutely mercenary and say, you know, if Alex Jones has a big audience, who are we to say? That's

• 1:59:24Speaker 01

  what I would have expected. Instead, you had these companies policing the morality of thought, even though it reduced the size of the population using the platforms. I have a hard time explaining why that happened, but I have every reason to expect the same thing will happen with AI.

• 1:59:43Steven Bartlett?

  Right. What are you excited about with AI? What's your? Your optimistic take, because at the start of this conversation, you said that there's infinite ways that it could improve our lives and there's 10 times more ways that it could hurt our lives. But let's investigate some of those ways that it could drastically improve our lives.

• 1:59:59Speaker 01

  There's a couple of different ways. One, we have, as we mentioned before, a dearth of competent teachers and professors. And that is a problem that will take three generations at least to solve if what we're going to do is start tomorrow and start educating people in the right way that would make them competent to stand at the front of a room and educate. But if we can augment that process, if we can leverage a tool like AI so that, you know, a small number of competent teachers can maybe reach a larger number of pupils, that's plausible, I think. Second thing is we have a tremendous number of problems

• 2:00:37Speaker 01

  that are obstacles to us living well on this planet that AI might be able to manage that human intellect alone cannot, right? Just in the same way that, you know, compute power can calculate things at a rate that human beings can't keep up. And there are certain things you want calculated very well. There are also some reasoning problems. You could imagine that instead of having static laws that govern behavior poorly because they get gained, that you could have a dynamic interaction. You could specify an objective

• 2:01:17Speaker 01

  of something like a law, and then you could monitor whether or not a particular intervention successfully moved you in the direction that you were hoping to go, or did something paradoxical, which happens all the time. And you could have, you could basically have governance that is targeted to navigation and prototyping rather than to specifying a blueprint for how we are to live.

• 2:01:38Steven Bartlett?

  So we wouldn't need politicians?

• 2:01:42Speaker 01

  At the moment, we're stuck with, you know, constitutional protections that are as good as has been constructed and still inadequate to modern realities.

• 2:01:54Steven Bartlett?

  Dan, what are you excited about with AI? From an individual level, but also from a societal level?

• 2:01:59Daniel Priestley?

  Yeah, well, the big ones are healthcare and education. I mean, it's ridiculous that you are sitting there in pain, having had an MRI, and there just hasn't been someone to look at that MRI yet and tell you what to do. And that could easily be solved. There's all sorts of healthcare issues where, and also not only that, throughout the entire world, there are places that just don't have general practitioners and they don't have, you know, medical advisors. And, and, you know, the breakthroughs in global healthcare will be phenomenal. And the breakthroughs in global education could be transformational on the planet. I, I'm excited at an individual level that I think the industrial age created a bunch of jobs that are very dehumanizing. And we've just kind of gotten used to them and put up with them.

• 2:02:43Daniel Priestley?

  The idea that work should be repetitive and, you know, you just repeat the same loop over and over and over again. And over a 10 year period of time, you might get, you know, graduated, up one gear and all that kind of stuff. I don't think that's very human. The idea that you could be simultaneously writing a book, launching a business, running a team, launching a festival, having an event,

• 2:03:08Daniel Priestley?

  that, that, that you could actually be doing this kind of like mini kingdom work, where you've got this little, you know, ecosystem around you of fun things that you're involved in. That is actually made possible for a vast majority of people if they embrace these kind of tools. You can live an incredibly fulfilling and amazing and impactful existence. Oh, I know that I do as a result of having these tools in my life. Like I'm, I'm doing things that I could have only dreamed about as a kid.

• 2:03:37Steven Bartlett?

  And what would you say to entrepreneurs? I know you, you work with thousands of entrepreneurs. What are you telling them in terms of their current businesses or business opportunities that you're foreseeing?

• 2:03:46Daniel Priestley?

  So I think that small teams have infinite leverage now. And that when you have a team of, say, five to 10 people who share an incredible passion for a meaningful problem in the world, and they want to see that meaningful problem solved. And they come together in the spirit of entrepreneurship to solve that problem. That little five to 10 person team armed with the technology that we now have available, you can have. A big impact. You can make a lot of money. You can have a lot of fun. You can solve meaningful problems in the world. You can scale solutions. You can probably do more in a three-year window than most people did in a 30-year career. And then that little band of five to 10 people could either go together onto a new meaningful problem,

• 2:04:30Daniel Priestley?

  or they could disband and, you know, work on other meaningful problems with different teams.

• 2:04:35Steven Bartlett?

  In such a world where you have this sort of infinite leverage, but everyone else has access to the same infinite leverage, what becomes the USP? Going back to this idea of the moat, like, what is the thing of value when we've all got access to $20 infinite leverage?

• 2:04:49Speaker 02

  Well, first of all, the first thing you need to do, you need to understand, is that this moment of time is the least competitive moment. Like, if you understand how to use these tools, you can start making money tomorrow. Like, we, you know, I see countless examples of people making thousands of dollars with these hustles that I that I talked about, or building businesses that generates millions of dollars in the first couple of months of existence. So I would say, start moving now, start building things. So it's an unprecedented time of of wealth creation. Clearly, at some point, as the market gets more efficient, as people, more and more people understand how to use these tools, there's less potential

• 2:05:33Speaker 02

  for, you know, creating these massive businesses quickly. And we've seen this, like, the dawn of the internet or dawn of the web, you know, was a lot easier to create Facebook than it is now. Then we had mobile, and for three, four, or five years, it was very easy to create massive businesses, and then it became harder. Being just at the edge of what's possible is going to be very, very important over the next couple of years. And that's, that gets me really excited, because the entrepreneurs who are paying attention are gonna, are gonna be having the most amount of fun, but they're also gonna be able to make a lot of money.

• 2:06:08Steven Bartlett?

  How many applications have been built on Replit to date?

• 2:06:12Speaker 02

  So, you know, I can talk about the millions of things that have been built since the, since we started the company. But just since September, when we launched Replit Agent, there's been about 3 million applications built purely in natural language.

• 2:06:28Speaker 02

  With no uh with no coding at all, purely natural language. Uh of those, I think uh three hundred, four hundred thousand of them were deployed in a real uh in in the site was deployed and it is having, people are using it, some kind of business, some kind of internal tool.

• 2:06:47Daniel Priestley?

  I built one last night, by the way.

• 2:06:49Speaker 02

  An internal tool or?

• 2:06:50Daniel Priestley?

  I uh built an application to track um how my kids earn pocket money.

• 2:06:56Speaker 02

  Amazing.

• 2:06:56Daniel Priestley?

  So I just told it that I wanted to track the tasks that are happening around the house and put a sign of value to them.

• 2:07:01Speaker 02

  Yeah.

• 2:07:02Daniel Priestley?

  And I wanna be able to, at the end of the week, push a button and get a summary of how much to pay each child um for their pocket money.

• 2:07:09Steven Bartlett?

  We are so screwed.

• 2:07:13Daniel Priestley?

  And within fifteen minutes, it had created this application. And it was amazing, like you could toggle between, like here's the place where you have the kids and here's the weekly reports. And here's the um how much per task and you can tick off the tasks or remove tasks or add tasks. So then I now have this application for, which took fifteen minutes of just talking about what I wanted. And now I have an application to run the pocket money uh situation in the in the house. And this is, by the way, it's something, having run an I T agency years ago, that's something that we would have charged five to ten thousand pounds to create, or five to ten thousand U S dollars to to create.

• 2:07:53Steven Bartlett?

  And how much time?

• 2:07:53Daniel Priestley?

  Probably talking, something that would have been a three, four week project.

• 2:07:59Steven Bartlett?

  And we're at the start of the S curve now that you're describing and it's already.

• 2:08:03Daniel Priestley?

  Yeah.

• 2:08:03Steven Bartlett?

  If you, if it's a twenty dollar, Replits roughly twenty dollars a month?

• 2:08:06Speaker 02

  Twenty five.

• 2:08:07Steven Bartlett?

  For the for the base case, you you did one day of usage, let's say it's a dollar.

• 2:08:11Daniel Priestley?

  Yeah.

• 2:08:12Steven Bartlett?

  It cost you and it cost you minutes and a dollar now and we're at the start of the S curve.

• 2:08:16Daniel Priestley?

  And and you talk to it like you're chatting to a developer. So one of the things that slows down the development process is you have to send the information to a developer and they need to understand it and then they need to create something and then come back to you. This just happens in front of your eyes uh while you're watching it and it's actually showing you what's being built and it's really wild.

• 2:08:36Steven Bartlett?

  This one change has transformed how my team and I move, train and think about our bodies. When Dr. Daniel Lieberman came on the Diary of a CEO, he explained how modern shoes, with their cushioning and support, are making our feet weaker and less capable of doing what nature intended them to do. We've lost the natural strength and mobility in our feet, and this is leading to issues like back pain and knee pain. I'd already purchased a pair of Vivo Barefoot shoes, so I showed them to Daniel Lieberman, and he told me that they were exactly the type of shoe that would help me restore natural foot movement and rebuild my strength. But I think it was plantar fasciitis that I had, where suddenly my feet started hurting all the time. And after that, I decided to start strengthening my own foot by using the Vivo Barefoot. And research from Liverpool University has backed

• 2:09:18Steven Bartlett?

  this up. They've shown that wearing Vivo Barefoot shoes for six months can increase foot strength by up to 60%. Visit vivobarefoot.com/DOAC and use code DAILY20 from my sponsor for 20% off. A strong body starts with strong feet. This has never been done before, a newsletter that is ran by 100 of the world's top CEOs. All the time, people say to me, they say, "Can you mentor me? Can you get this person to mentor me? How do I find a mentor?" So here is what we're going to do. You're going to send me a question, and the most popular question you send me, I'm going to text it to 100 CEOs, some of which are the top CEOs in the world running $100 billion companies.

• 2:10:02Steven Bartlett?

  And then I'm going to reply to you via email with how they answered that question. You might say, "How do you hold on to a relationship when you're building a startup? What is the most important thing if I've got an idea and don't know where to start?" We email it to the CEOs, they email back, we take the five, six top best answers, we email it to you. I was nervous because I thought the marketing might not match the reality, but then I saw what the founders were replying with and their willingness to reply, and I thought, "Actually, this is really good." And all you've got to do is sign up, completely free.

• 2:10:32Speaker 02

  I don't think we've spent a lot of time talking about autonomous weapons. This is the thing that really worries me. And the thing that worries people about AI is this idea is that it is this emergent system and there's no one thing behind it and it can be, it can act in a way that's unpredictable and not really guided by humans. I also think it's true of corporations, of governments. And so I think individual people can often have the best intentions, but the collective can land on doing things in a way that's harmful or morally repugnant.

• 2:11:11Speaker 02

  And I think we talked about China versus the US and that creates a certain race dynamics where they're both incentivized to cut corners and potentially do harmful things. And in the world of geopolitics and wars, what really scares me is autonomous weapons. Why does it scare you? Because you can imagine autonomous drones being trained on someone's face and

• 2:11:48Speaker 02

  you can send a swarm of drones and they can be this sort of autonomous killing assassination machine. And it can sort of function as a country versus country technology in the world of war, which is still crazy, but it can also become a tool for governments to subjugate the citizens. And people think we're safe in the West, but I think the experience with COVID showed that even the systems in the West can very quickly become draconian.

• 2:12:29Daniel Priestley?

  Yeah. Apparently, I've heard in Iran that they have facial recognition cameras that detect where the women are wearing hijabs in their own cars, and it automatically detains the car if you're driving and you're not wearing a hijab. And if you're, certainly if you're walking down the street, it just picks that up and immediately you're in trouble. You can, like, it acts as a police officer and a judge and, you know, a lawmaker. It's the judge, jury and executioner, essentially, and it just happens instantaneously.

• 2:13:06Speaker 01

  What happened in Canada with the truckers sort of protests where they froze their bank account by virtue of just being there.

• 2:13:14Daniel Priestley?

  Just by being in that location.

• 2:13:16Steven Bartlett?

  Dan, just to confirm that, Iran has implemented a comprehensive surveillance system to enforce its mandatory hijab laws utilizing various technologies, one of which is cameras and facial recognition. So they've put cameras in public spaces to identify women who are not adhering to the hijab dress code.

• 2:13:33Daniel Priestley?

  And just on that, London has just put those facial recognition systems into London and also all throughout Wales, and they're being rolled out at speed. And like, all you would need is a change of government that wanted to implement something similar and all the base layer technologies already in there.

• 2:13:54Steven Bartlett?

  It gets a little bit worse in Iran because they have this new app called the Nazar app, where the government has introduced the Nazar mobile application, which allows you, as a citizen, to report another citizen who is not wearing their hijab, and it logs their location, the time when they weren't wearing it, and the vehicle license plate. With the crowdsourced data, it can then go after that individual.

• 2:14:14Speaker 01

  I would also just point out that I think we're not being imaginative enough. I agree with you, I have the same concern about these autonomous weapons, but I also think this doesn't have to occur in the context of war or even governmental oppression, that it is perfectly conceivable that. Effectively, this allows, this drops the price of a, an undetectable or an unprosecutable crime and maybe economic moats return in the form of people taking out their competitors or anybody who attempts to compete with them using an autonomous drone that can't be traced back to them, you know, that follows facial recognition and, you know, you don't have to kill very many people for others to get the message that this is a zone that

• 2:14:57Speaker 01

  you shouldn't mess around in. So I could imagine, you know, effectively a new high-tech organized crime that protects rackets and makes tons of money and subjugates people who haven't done anything wrong.

• 2:15:12Steven Bartlett?

  I had Mustafa Suleyman on the podcast in 2023 when this, all of this stuff started kicking off and he is the CEO of Microsoft AI. You're familiar with Mustafa, of course, yeah. And one of the things he said to me at the time was, one of my fears is a tiny group of people who wish to cause harm are going to have access to tools that can instantly destabilize our world. That's the challenge. How to stop something that can cause harm or potentially kill. That's where we need containment. And it sounds a little bit like what you're saying, Amjad, that we will now have these, these tools. You were talking in the context of the military, but as Brett said, there are even smaller groups of people that might have been, I don't know, cartels or gangs can do similar harm. And at the moment, in terms of autonomous weapons, both the US and China are investing heavily in

• 2:15:57Steven Bartlett?

  AI-powered weapons, autonomous drones and cyber warfare, because they're scared of the other one getting it first. And we, we talked about how much of our lives run on the internet, but cyber weapons and cyber AI agents that could be deployed to take down China's X, Y, or Z, or vice versa, are of real concern.

• 2:16:15Speaker 01

  Yeah. Yeah, I, I think all of that is.

• 2:16:20Speaker 02

  Is a is a real concern, you know, unlike Mustafa, I don't think containment is is possible. Part of the reason why this game theoretic system of competition between the US, China, corporations, individuals makes it so that this this technology is already, you know, is is already out, really hard to put it back in the in the bag.

• 2:16:46Steven Bartlett?

  I did ask him this question, and I remember the answer because it was such a stark moment for me. I said to Mustafa, do you think it's possible to contain it? And he replied, we must. So I asked him again. I said, do you think it's possible to contain it? And he replied, we must. And I asked him again. I said, do you think it's possible?

• 2:16:58Speaker 02

  The problem, so the problem with that chain of thinking is that it might lead to an oppressive system.

• 2:17:05Steven Bartlett?

  Yeah.

• 2:17:06Speaker 02

  There is one of the, say, doomers or philosophers of of AI, which I I respect his work, his name is Nick Bostrom. And he he he's he was trying to think of ways in which we can contain AI. And the thing that he came up with is perhaps more oppressive than something that the AI would come up with. It's like total surveillance state. You need total surveillance on compute, on people's computers, on people's ideas to not invent AI or AGI.

• 2:17:40Steven Bartlett?

  It's like taking the guns or something, or?

• 2:17:42Speaker 02

  Right, exactly. I mean, there's always, there's always this problem of containing any sort of technology is that you do need oppression and draconian policies to do that.

• 2:17:54Steven Bartlett?

  Are you scared of anything else or concerned about anything else as that relates to AI outside of autonomous weapons?

• 2:17:59Speaker 02

  You know, we talked about the about the birth of crisis. And I think a more generalized problem there is creating virtualized environments.

• 2:18:11Speaker 02

  Via VR, where everyone is living in their own created universe. And it's so enticing and even creates simulates work and simulates struggle. Such that you don't really need to leave this this world. And so every one of us will be solipsistic, you know, similar to the matrix.

• 2:18:33Daniel Priestley?

  Ready Player One.

• 2:18:34Speaker 02

  Ready Player One, we're all kind of playing even worse than a Ready Player One. At least that's a massively networked environment. I'm talking about AI simulating everything for us. And therefore you're literally in the matrix, you know?

• 2:18:49Steven Bartlett?

  Maybe that this is.

• 2:18:50Daniel Priestley?

  I was about to have that same thought. I've enjoyed this great simulation.

• 2:18:55Speaker 02

  Yes, and and so, I mean, are you familiar with the Fermi's paradox?

• 2:19:00Steven Bartlett?

  No, no.

• 2:19:01Speaker 02

  So Fermi's paradox is the question, the, you know, professor, his name is Fermi. He asked the question, if the universe is that vast, then where are the aliens? The fact that humans exist, you can deduce that other civilizations exist. And if they do exist, then why don't we see them? And then that spurred a bunch of Fermi's solutions. So there's, I don't know, you can find hundreds of solutions on the internet. One of them is the sort of house cat thought experiment where actually aliens exist. But they kind of put us in an environment like the Amish in a certain time.

• 2:19:46Speaker 02

  And do not expose us to what's going on out there. So they we're pets, maybe they're watching us and kind of enjoying what we're doing.

• 2:19:53Daniel Priestley?

  Stopping us from hurting ourselves.

• 2:19:54Speaker 02

  Stopping us from hurting ourselves. There are so many things, but one of the things that I think is potentially a solution to the Fermi's paradox. And one of the saddest outcomes is that civilizations progress until they invent technology. That will lock us into infinite pleasure and infinite simulation. Such that we we don't have the motivation to go into space to seek out the exploration. Potentially other alien civilizations. And perhaps that is a. Determined outcome of humanity, or like a highly likely outcome of any species like humanity.

• 2:20:39Speaker 02

  We like pleasure. Pleasure and pain is the main motivators. And so if you create an infinite pleasure machine, does that mean that we're just at home in our VR environment with everything taking care for us? And literally like the Matrix.

• 2:20:53Steven Bartlett?

  And the world, the real world would suck in such a scenario.

• 2:20:55Speaker 01

  Yes, it'd be terrible. I mean, the other simpler explanation of the Fermi paradox is that you generate sufficient technology that you can end your species and it's only a matter of time from that point, which, you know, we can have that discussion about nuclear weapons. We can have it about AI. But does some technology, if we stay on that escalator, does some technology that we generate ultimately?

• 2:21:19Daniel Priestley?

  Whatever allows you to get off the planet allows you to blow up the planet.

• 2:21:22Speaker 01

  There you go.

• 2:21:23Steven Bartlett?

  I want to get everyone's closing thoughts and closing remarks. And hopefully in your closing remarks, you can capture something actionable for the individual that's listening to this now on their commute to work, or the single mother, the average person, who maybe isn't as technologically advanced as many of us at this table, but is trying to navigate through this to figure out how to live a good life over the next 10, 20, 30 years.

• 2:21:46Speaker 02

  Yeah.

• 2:21:47Steven Bartlett?

  And take as long as you need.

• 2:21:49Speaker 02

  I think we live in the most interesting time in human history. So for the single mother that's listening, for someone who wouldn't be the stereotype of a tech bro, don't assume that you can't do this stuff. It's never been more accessible today within your work. You can be an entrepreneur. You don't have to take massive risk to go create a business,

• 2:22:12Speaker 02

  by you quit your job and go create a business. There are countless examples. We, we have a user who's a product manager at a larger real estate business. And he built something that created 10% lift in conversion rates, which generated millions and millions of dollars of that business. And that person became a celebrity at that company and became someone who is lifting everyone else up and teaching them how to use these tools. And obviously that, that is like a really great for, for anyone's career. And you're going to get a promotion. And your example of building a piece of software for your family, for your kids to, to improve and, and to learn more, to be better kids, is an example of being entrepreneur in your family.

• 2:22:57Speaker 02

  So I really want people to break away from this concept of entrepreneurship being, this is your podcast, Diary of a CEO, you started this podcast by talking to CEOs, I assume, right? And over time, it changed to everyone can be a CEO, everyone is some kind of CEO in their life. And so I think that we have unprecedented access to tools for that vision to actually come to reality.

• 2:23:29Speaker 01

  Well, it is obviously a moment of a kind of human phase transition, something that I believe will be the equal of a discovery of farming, or writing, or electricity.

• 2:23:46Speaker 01

  And the darkness that I think is valid in looking at all of the possible outcomes of this scenario is actually potentially part of a different story as well. In evolutionary biology, we talk about an adaptive landscape in which a niche is represented as a peak, and a higher niche, a better niche, is represented as a higher peak. But to get from the lower niche to the higher niche, you have to cross through what we call an adaptive valley. And there's no guarantee that you make it through the adaptive valley. And in fact, the drawing that we put on the board, I think, is overly hopeful because it makes it in two dimensions. It looks like you know exactly where to go to climb that next peak.

• 2:24:27Speaker 01

  And in fact, it's more like the peaks are islands in an archipelago that is in fog, where you can't figure out what direction that peak is, and you have to reason out it's probably that way, and you hope not to miss it by a few degrees. But in any case, that darkness is exactly what you would expect if we were about to discover a better phase for humans. And I think we should be very deliberate about it this time. I think we should think carefully about how it is that we do not allow the combination of this brand-new, extremely powerful technology and market forces to turn this into some new kind of enslavement.

• 2:25:11Speaker 01

  And I don't think it has to be. I think the potential here does allow us to refactor just about everything. Maybe we have finally arrived at the place where mundane work doesn't need to exist anymore and the pursuit of meaning can replace it. But that's not going to happen automatically if we don't figure out how to make it happen. And I hope that we can recognize that the peril of this moment is best utilized if it motivates us to confront that question directly.

• 2:25:43Daniel Priestley?

  Each one of us has two parents, four grandparents, eight great grandparents, sixteen, thirty-two, sixty-four. You've got this like this long line of ancestors who all had to meet each other. They all had to survive wars. They all had to survive illness and disease. Everything had to happen for us. Each individual, all of this stuff had to happen for us to get here. And if we think about all the people in those thousands and thousands of people, every single one of them would trade places in a heartbeat if they had the opportunity to be alive at this particular moment. They would say that their life was struggle, disease, that their life was a lot of mundane and meaningless work. It was dangerous. You

• 2:26:28Daniel Priestley?

  know, every single one of us has probably got ancestors that were enslaved, probably got ancestors that died too young, probably got ancestors that worked horrific conditions. We all have that. And they would all just look at this moment and say, wow, so are you telling me that you have the ability to solve meaningful problems, to come up with adventures, to travel the world, to pick the brains of anyone on the planet that you want to pick the brains of? You can just listen to a podcast. You can just watch a video. You can talk to an AI. Like, are you telling me that you're alive at this particular moment? Please make the most of that. Like, do something with that. You know, you can

• 2:27:11Daniel Priestley?

  sit around pontificating about society and how society might work, but ultimately, it all boils down to what you do with this moment. And solving meaningful problems, being brave, having fun, making your little dent in the universe. You know, that's, that's what it's all about. And I feel like there's an obligation to your ancestors to make the most of the moment.

• 2:27:35Steven Bartlett?

  Thank you so much to everybody for being here. I I've learnt a lot and I've developed my thinking, which is much the reason why I wanted to bring us all together. Because I know you all have different experiences, different backgrounds in education. You're doing different things, but together it helps me sort of pass through all of these ideas to figure out where I land. And I I ask a lot of questions, but I am actually a believer in humans. And I I I was thinking about this a second ago, I was thinking, do I, am I optimistic about humans' ability to navigate this? Just because I have no other choice. Because as you said, the alternative actually isn't what I'm thinking about. And so I do have a optimism towards how I think we're going to navigate this. In part because we're having these kinds of conversations. And we, in history, haven't always had them at the birth of a new revolution.

• 2:28:19Steven Bartlett?

  When we think about social media and the implications that had, we're playing catch up with the with the downstream consequences. And I am hopeful. Maybe that's the entrepreneur in me. I'm excited. Maybe that's also the entrepreneur in me. But at the same time, to many of the points Brett's raised and Amjad's raised and Dan's raised, there are serious considerations as we swim from one island to another. And because of the speed and scale of this transformation that Brett highlights. And you look at the stats of the growth of this technology and how it's spreading like wildfire. And how, once I tried Replit, I walked straight out and I told Cosi immediately, I was like, Cosi, try this. And she was on it and she was hooked. And then I called my girlfriend in Bali, who's the breathwork practitioner. And I was like, type this into your browser, R E P L I T.

• 2:29:02Steven Bartlett?

  And then she's making these breathwork schedules with all of her client's information ahead of the retreat she's about to do. It's spreading like wildfire because we're internet native. We were native to this technology. So it's not a new technology. It's something on top of something that's intuitive to us. So that transition, as Brett describes it, from one peak to the other, or one island to another, I think is going to be incredibly destabilizing. And I've, having interviewed so many leaders in this space, from Reid Hoffman, who's the founder of LinkedIn, to the CEO of Google, to Mustafa, who I mentioned. They don't agree on much, but the thing that they all agree on and that Sam Altman agrees on is that the long-term future, the long-term way that our society functions is radically different. People squabble over the short term. They sometimes even squabble over the midterm

• 2:29:45Steven Bartlett?

  or the timeline, but they all agree that the future is going to look completely different. Amjad, thank you for doing what you're doing. We didn't get to spend a lot of time on it today, and this is typically what I do here, but your story is incredibly inspiring, incredibly inspiring from where you came from, what you've done, what you're building. And you are democratizing and creating a level of playing field for entrepreneurs in Bangladesh to Cape Town to San Francisco to be able to turn their ideas into reality. And I do think, just on the surface, that that's such a wonderful thing, that, you know, I was born in Botswana in Africa, and that I could have the same access to turn my imagination into something to change my life because of the work that you're doing at Replit. And I highly recommend everybody

• 2:30:27Steven Bartlett?

  go check it out. You probably won't sleep that night because it's so, for someone like me, it was so addictive to get to be able to do that because it's been the barriers of creation my whole life. I've always had to call someone to build something. Dan, thank you again so much because you represent the voice of entrepreneurs and you've really become a titan as a thought leader for entrepreneurs in the UK. And in perspective, that balance is incredibly important. So I really, really appreciate you being here as always. And you're a huge fan favorite of our show. And Brett, thank you a gazillion times ever for being a human lens on complicated challenges. And you do it with a fearlessness that I think is imperative for us finding the truth in these kinds of situations where some of us can run off with optimism and we can be hurtling towards the mousetrap because we love cheese.

• 2:31:11Steven Bartlett?

  And I think you're an important counterbalance and voice in the world at this time. So thank all of you for being here. I really, really appreciate it. And we shall see.

• 2:31:23Steven Bartlett?

  These things live forever, so.

• 2:31:29Steven Bartlett?

  I find it incredibly fascinating that when we look at the back end of Spotify and Apple and our audio channels, the majority of people that watch this podcast haven't yet hit the follow button or the subscribe button, wherever you're listening to this. I would like to make a deal with you. If you could do me a huge favour and hit that subscribe button, I will work tirelessly from now until forever to make the show better and better and better and better. I can't tell you how much it helps when you hit that subscribe button. The show gets bigger, which means we can expand the production, bring in all the guests you want to see and continue to do in this thing we love. If you could do me that small favour and hit the follow button, wherever you're listening to this, that would mean the world to me. That is the only favour I will ever ask you. Thank you so much for your time.